CN108377094B - Dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of double active bridges - Google Patents

Dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of double active bridges Download PDF

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CN108377094B
CN108377094B CN201810309566.0A CN201810309566A CN108377094B CN 108377094 B CN108377094 B CN 108377094B CN 201810309566 A CN201810309566 A CN 201810309566A CN 108377094 B CN108377094 B CN 108377094B
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voltage
transformer
control method
time
dab
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CN108377094A (en
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付永升
巩兆伟
雷鸣
胡文婷
李翰山
闫克丁
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Xian Technological University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H02M1/385—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches with means for correcting output voltage deviations introduced by the dead time

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of converter control, and particularly relates to a dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of a double-active-bridge. It can realize the purpose of limiting the starting surge current in a wide range. In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a switching frequency to start working, and selecting starting dead time according to the self parameters of the system; 2) collecting voltage of a bus capacitor and feeding the voltage back to the primary side of the DAB; 3) according to the formula
Figure DDA0001621980930000011
Calculating the time dt; 4) the dead time is adjusted to continue charging to the end of precharging.

Description

Dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of double active bridges
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of converter control, and particularly relates to a dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of a double-active-bridge.
Background art:
an isolated bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, also known as dual Active bridge dab (dual Active bridge). The front stage is isolated from the rear stage, so that the system obtains higher reliability. And the converter has been widely used in a bidirectional AC/DC charger based on the fact that a bidirectional flow of energy can be achieved between the input and output of its converter by means of the leakage inductance of the transformer. The AC/DC topological structure in the bidirectional AC/DC charger not only can realize the function of charging Grid-to-Grid (G2V), but also can complete the function of Grid-connected V2G (Grid-to-Grid). And when the phase of the PWM signal of the MOSFET of the DAB primary end is ahead of the phase of the secondary end, the grid-connected function is realized. When the phase of the PWM signal of the MOSFET of the DAB primary end lags the secondary end, the function of charging the battery by the power grid is realized.
When the system works in a V2H state, a bus capacitor has voltage of 0 at two ends due to complete discharge, and has the problems that when the system is electrified after the capacitor is completely discharged, because the voltage at two ends of the capacitor is 0, a secondary side of a transformer can be considered to be in a short-circuit state, and equivalently, a primary side of the transformer is also in a short-circuit state, the current of the bus capacitor can reach dozens or hundreds of amperes in the first few periods of DAB operation, a switching device can be directly burnt out or a system can be directly broken down, and for the problems, a method for increasing the switching frequency and phase shifting is generally adopted to limit starting impact current, and (1) the method for increasing the switching frequency is adopted, when the bus capacitor is completely discharged, the equivalent impedance of input voltage in the first few working periods of DAB is Z2 pi f L (f is the switching frequency, L is a transformer leakage inductance), so that when the switching frequency is increased, the equivalent impedance of the DAB operation period is increased, the power consumption of the bus capacitor is increased, and the power consumption of the DAB is easily increased, and the power consumption of the DAB is more complicated control method for controlling the driving of the DAB switch.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of a double-active bridge, which can achieve the purpose of limiting start impact current in a wide range.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a dead zone regulation control method suitable for soft start of a double-active bridge comprises the following steps:
selecting a switching frequency to start working, and selecting a starting dead time according to the self parameters of a system;
secondly, collecting voltage of a bus capacitor and feeding the voltage back to the primary side of the DAB;
thirdly, according to the formula
Figure BDA0001621980910000021
Calculating the time dt;
and fourthly, adjusting the dead time to continuously charge until the end of the pre-charging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the currently adopted method for increasing the switching frequency, when the pre-charging is finished, the switching frequency is reduced to the normal working frequency, and the sudden frequency hopping can lose the pulse to reduce the reliability of the system. The control range of the system starting impact current is related to the input voltage of a direct current side, the leakage inductance of a transformer and the switching frequency of the system, and a multi-phase-shift control method is complex and difficult to realize. The method of the invention can simply and quantitatively give data and can realize the wide-range limitation of starting impact current.
2. Compared with the frequency increasing method, the invention reduces the damage probability of the switch tube, the driver and the gate-level resistor in the system, and the control method is simple and easy to operate, thereby improving the reliability of the system.
3. The method of the present invention reduces the action time of the voltage applied to the primary side of the DAB, so that the impact current is greatly reduced in the dynamic starting process, and simultaneously, when the switching frequency is determined, the maximum duty ratio of the DAB is 50%, the effective time of the input voltage applied to the primary side of the DAB can be directly obtained, and the action time is T1/f 0.5-Tdb(TdbDead time), the regulation range is large, so that the surge current can be regulated in a wide range by regulating the dead time.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a bidirectional AC/DC charging system topology;
FIG. 2 is a DAB operation schematic diagram;
FIG. 3 shows the impulse current and DC bus voltage waveforms during startup for a 10kW system with a transformer leakage inductance of 11.5uH and bus voltages and bus capacitances of 550V and 110uF, respectively; (100kHz &200ns dead zone);
FIG. 4 is the PWM driving signal of the DAB switch tube at single phase shift;
FIG. 5 is a rush current versus DC bus voltage waveform during start-up of a system using the present invention;
FIG. 6 is the DAB primary current (100kHz &4us dead band) at start-up of the system of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be described in detail below by means of specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the switching tube S1To S8The DC/DC converter has 50% duty ratio in steady state, and can perform bidirectional energy transmission by adjusting switch phase shift and transformer leakage inductor L, its switching state and operation principle are shown in FIG. 2, and switching tube Sa1To Sc2The DC/AC inverter is formed, and bidirectional flow of energy can be realized.
Capacitor C1Is an input capacitor and a capacitor C connected in parallel with a vehicle battery2Is a dc bus capacitor. When the system is operated in the V2H state, the bus capacitance C is caused2The pre-charging can not be realized, so that the voltage of the bus capacitor on the DC-DC side is zero in the starting process of the system, and the equivalent impedance of the bus capacitor on the primary end of the transformer is also zero. Therefore, when the battery side suddenly applies voltage to the system for the first time, the DAB side Mosfets receive a large impact current. Assume that the current flowing through the transformer during system start-up is IpA, then IpThis can be obtained by the following equation.
Because of the fact that
Figure BDA0001621980910000041
So the equivalent impedance at the primary side at this time is:
Req＝2*π*f*L (1)
the current flowing through the primary transformer is therefore:
Figure BDA0001621980910000042
in the case of designing a 10kW V2H system, the voltage of the automobile battery is 400, the output three-phase alternating current is 50Hz, and the effective value of the phase voltage is 220V, so that the bus voltage is boosted to at least 600V. And the turn ratio of the transformer is designed to be 1:1.5, the input capacitance and the direct current bus capacitance are both 110uF, and the simulation of the starting process of the system with the DAB side switching frequency of 100kHz is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, during the dynamic start-up process of the system, a maximum current of 110A will flow through the transformer and Mosfets, so that the method of increasing the switching frequency and shifting the phase during the process usually has a certain disadvantage in limiting the start-up inrush current.
The invention provides a dead zone regulation control method suitable for double-active-bridge soft start, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a switching frequency to start working, and selecting a starting dead time according to the self parameters of a system;
secondly, collecting voltage of a bus capacitor and feeding the voltage back to the primary side of the DAB;
thirdly, according to the formula
Figure BDA0001621980910000043
Calculating the time dt;
and fourthly, adjusting the dead time to continuously charge until the end of the pre-charging.
The method of the invention adopts the process of reducing the voltage time added on the leakage inductance to realize the soft start of the system, and the theoretical analysis is as follows, the switching signal of the MOSFET on the DAB side is shown in figure 4: the primary and secondary phase shifts are 0 while all mosfets on the inverting side remain off.
The same principle is that: because of the fact that
Figure BDA0001621980910000051
Therefore, at the moment when the automobile battery is connected into the system, only the leakage inductance of the transformer is used as the load of the battery, and the impact current flowing through the DAB side is limited.
Figure BDA0001621980910000052
Figure BDA0001621980910000053
Figure BDA0001621980910000054
Figure BDA0001621980910000055
V in formula (3)LD in formula (4) is the duty ratio of the PWM signal at the DC/DC side, and U in formula (6) is the voltage on the leakage inductance of the transformer0Is a bus capacitor C2An initial voltage. The voltage on the bus capacitor can be obtained from the formulas (3) to (6)
Figure BDA0001621980910000056
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001621980910000057
from the formula (7): voltage V across the leakage inductance of the transformerLLeakage inductor L, switching frequency f and duty cycle are fixed values, so as the PWM dead time increases, the current flowing through the PWM dead time also decreases, when the system is powered on for the first time, the MOSFETs of the DC/DC primary end and the secondary end are switched on, and the duty cycle of the MOSFETs increases from the minimum value (D) along with the timemin) Increase to the steady-state normal value (D) of the systemnom). The duration T of which can be determined by equation (8).
Dnom＝Dmin+Drste*T (8)
DrsteThe rate of increase of the duty cycle of the primary PWM signal, time T, is the time required for the duty cycle to increase from a minimum to a desired value.
Based on this conclusion, assuming that the DAB side switching frequency is 100kHz, and the PWM dead time is 4us respectively, the inrush current and the dc bus voltage waveform during the start-up process of the simulation 10kW system are shown in fig. 5. Referring to fig. 6, when the system operates at 100kHZ and the dead time is 4us, the impact current during the dynamic start-up process is greatly reduced, and the impact current can be adjusted in a wide range according to different dead times, so that the reliability of the system is effectively improved by using the method.

Claims (1)

1. A dead zone regulation control method suitable for double-active-bridge soft start is characterized by comprising the following steps: the control method includes the following steps
1) Selecting a switching frequency to start working, and selecting starting dead time according to the self parameters of the system;
2) collecting the voltage feedback of the bus capacitor to the DAB primary side according to a formula
Figure FDA0002509304200000011
Calculating the time dt:
Figure FDA0002509304200000012
Figure FDA0002509304200000013
Figure FDA0002509304200000014
Figure FDA0002509304200000015
Figure FDA0002509304200000016
in the formulas (3) to (7), L represents leakage inductance and VLVoltage on the leakage inductance of the transformer, D is the duty ratio of the PWM signal at the DC/DC side, U0Is a bus capacitor C2The initial voltage on, f is the switching frequency,
Figure FDA0002509304200000017
is the time value of the bus capacitor voltage, VBFor the input voltage of the primary battery of the transformer, Ip and Is are the currents of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer respectively, TDBThe dead time is, and n is the turn ratio of the transformer;
3) adjusting the dead time to continue charging until the end of precharging, wherein the formula is as follows:
Dnom＝Dmin+Drate*T (8)
in the formula (8), DrateFor the rate of increase of the duty cycle of the primary PWM signal, the duration T being the time required for the duty cycle to increase from a minimum to a desired value, DnomIs the normal value of the duty ratio in the steady state of the system, DminIs the duty cycle minimum.
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