CN108063268B - Photocatalytic effect cell - Google Patents

Photocatalytic effect cell Download PDF

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CN108063268B
CN108063268B CN201610991758.5A CN201610991758A CN108063268B CN 108063268 B CN108063268 B CN 108063268B CN 201610991758 A CN201610991758 A CN 201610991758A CN 108063268 B CN108063268 B CN 108063268B
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electric field
fuel cell
hydrogen
holes
luminous tube
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CN108063268A (en
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顾士平
顾海涛
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The photocatalytic effect battery does not need a platinum catalyst; law of photocatalytic effect: (1) there is a limit frequency (or cut-off frequency) for each chemical reaction substance, i.e. the frequency of the irradiated light cannot be lower than a certain critical value; the corresponding wavelength is called the limiting wavelength (or red-limited wavelength); when the frequency of the incident light is lower than the limit frequency, no matter how strong the light has no effect on the reaction of the catalytic substance; (2) the activation degree of the photocatalysis on the chemical reaction substances is related to the frequency of light and is not related to the light intensity; (3) the intensity of the incident light affects only how much of the catalytically reactive material is, i.e. only how much of the catalytically reactive material is per unit area of time. The luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes is used for catalyzing the dissociation of hydrogen, hydrocarbon and oxygen; positive and negative electrode materials; the surface area of the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles is increased; the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved by the external electric field; a method for controlling output power of a battery.

Description

Photocatalytic effect cell
One, the technical field
The invention relates to a photocatalytic effect battery, in particular to a battery with a luminescent tube or a luminescent plate for excitation and catalysis.
Second, background Art
(1) Catalyst: a substance that can change (increase or decrease) the chemical reaction rate of a reactant in a chemical reaction without changing the chemical equilibrium and whose own mass and chemical properties are not changed before and after the chemical reaction is called a catalyst.
(2) Catalyzing: catalysis changes the rate of chemical reactions without affecting the effect of chemical equilibrium. The effect of a catalyst in altering the rate of a chemical reaction is called catalysis, which is essentially a chemical effect. Chemical reactions carried out in the presence of a catalyst are known as catalytic reactions. Catalysis is an important phenomenon ubiquitous in nature, and its role extends almost throughout the entire field of chemical reactions.
(3) PHOTOCATALYST is a compound word of Photo ═ Light + catalyst (catalyst) catalyst. The photocatalyst is a substance which does not change under the irradiation of light and can promote chemical reaction, and the photocatalyst utilizes the energy required by the chemical reaction converted from the light energy existing in nature to generate the catalytic action, so that the surrounding oxygen and water molecules are excited into free negative ions with extremely high oxidizing power. Almost all organic substances and partial inorganic substances harmful to human bodies and environment can be decomposed, not only can the reaction be accelerated, but also the natural definition can be applied, and the resource waste and the additional pollution formation are not caused. The most representative example is "photosynthesis" of plants, absorption of carbon dioxide and conversion of light energy into oxygen and organic matter.
Third, the invention
The problems to be solved are as follows: at present, platinum is used as a fuel cell catalyst, and although the amount of platinum used is reduced by reducing the particle size of platinum catalyst particles and increasing the surface area of platinum catalysts by nano platinum particles, the content of platinum in the earth is too small, and all platinum on the earth is not enough to be used for manufacturing automobile batteries. Therefore, non-platinum catalyst batteries are sought; in addition, the possibility of catalyst poisoning is reduced by photocatalysis.
The technical scheme is as follows:
law of photocatalytic effect:
1) there is a limit frequency (or cut-off frequency) for each chemical reaction substance, i.e. the frequency of the irradiated light cannot be lower than a certain critical value; the corresponding wavelength is called the limiting wavelength (or red-limited wavelength); when the frequency of the incident light is lower than the limit frequency, no matter how strong the light has no effect on the reaction of the catalytic substance;
2) the activation degree of the photocatalysis on the chemical reaction substances is related to the frequency of light and is not related to the light intensity;
3) the intensity of the incident light only affects the amount of catalytic reaction substances, namely the amount of the catalytic reaction substances in unit time and unit area; the more the incident light is, the more substances catalyze the reaction, with the light frequency unchanged.
Constitution of hydrogen fuel cell: as shown in fig. 1, an electrode plate 1(101), a hydrogen gas 1(102), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 1(103), a proton exchange membrane 1(104), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 2(105), an oxygen or air 1(106), and an electrode plate 2 (107); additional electric field plates 1(108), insulators 1(109), insulators 2(110), additional electric field plates 2(111), and electrolytes 1 (112); electrolyte 2 (113); external circuit 1 (114); a consumer or power converter 1 (115); external circuit 2 (116);
composition of hydrocarbon fuel cell: as shown in fig. 2, an electrode plate 3(201), a hydrocarbon compound 2(202), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 3(203), a proton exchange membrane 2(204), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 4(205), oxygen or air 2(206), and an electrode plate 4 (207); additional electric field plates 3(208), insulators 3(209), insulators 4(210), additional electric field plates 4(211), electrolytes 3(212), electrolytes 4(213), external circuits 3(214), electric devices or power converters 2(215), and external circuits 4 (216); the hydrocarbon fuel includes: a hydrocarbon, or a hydrocarbon compound.
The patent innovation points are as follows:
(1) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels;
(2) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of oxygen;
(3) the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes is used for catalyzing the dissociation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydrocarbon substances;
(4) the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell adopt: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or carbon, silicon nano-particles and nano-wires are used as electrodes;
(5) the electrode plate, the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles increase the surface area and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
(6) the external electric field accelerates the directional movement of hydrogen ions, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(7) hydrogen fuel cell, hydrocarbon fuel cell output power control method;
(8) the above 7 aspects are partially combined and fully combined.
The system comprises the following components: constitution of hydrogen fuel cell: an electrode plate 1(101), a hydrogen gas 1(102), a luminous tube array or a perforated plane luminous tube 1(103), a proton exchange membrane 1(104), a luminous tube array or a perforated plane luminous tube 2(105), an oxygen gas or air 1(106) and an electrode plate 2 (107); additional electric field plates 1(108), insulators 1(109), insulators 2(110), additional electric field plates 2(111), and electrolytes 1 (112); electrolyte 2 (113); external circuit 1 (114); a consumer or power converter 1 (115); external circuit 2 (116);
the plate material of the electrode plates 1(101) and 2(107) is one metal of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; directly using a metal as an electrode plate; or a metal alloy constituting the electrode plate;
the plate materials of the electrode plate 1(101) and the electrode plate 2(107) can be bonded with metal powder of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; the components of the metal powder on the plate materials of the electrode plates 1(101) and the electrode plates 2(107) can be the same as or different from the components of the electrode plates; the components of the metal powder on the electrode plates 1(101) and 2(107) can be a mixture of a plurality of metal particles; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
the plate electrode 1(101) and the plate electrode 2(107) can be bonded with activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphene, onion-type carbon, fullerene, carbon nano-tubes, carbon nano-particles, silicon nano-particles and silicon nano-wires; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
hydrogen gas 1(102) is introduced from the outside, and then the hydrogen gas is adsorbed on the electrode plate 1(101) or the hydrogen gas is adsorbed on the metal particles bonded on the metal plate; or hydrogen is adsorbed on the metal nano-particles bonded on the metal plate; or hydrogen gas is adsorbed on the particles of carbon or silicon on the metal plate;
the hydrogen is catalyzed and dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays emitted by the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube 1(103) with holes, and the electrons are transmitted to electric equipment or an electric power converter 1(115) through the electrode 1(101) and the external circuit 1 (114);
the hydrogen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte 1(112) and diffused by the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and reach the electrolyte 2 (113);
the hydrogen ion separation polar plate is dissolved in the electrolyte 1(112), directionally moves through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) under the action of the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111 electric field), and reaches the electrolyte 2 (113);
the hydrogen ion is separated from the polar plate and dissolved in the electrolyte 1(112), and is diffused to pass through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) under the combined action of the electric field and the concentration difference of the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111) to reach the electrolyte 2 (113);
oxygen or air 1(106) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode plate 2(107), two electrons are obtained from the electrode plate 2(107) to be dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of light of ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma ray luminous tube arrays or perforated planar luminous tubes 2(105), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte 2(113), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate a water molecule; thereby completing the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen to generate water and completing the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell;
an electronic operation loop: the hydrogen is dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons, the electrons are transmitted to an external circuit 1(114) through an electrode plate 1(101), the external circuit 1(114) is transmitted to an electric device or an electric power converter (115), the electric device or the electric power converter (115) is transmitted to an external circuit 2(116), the external circuit 2(116) is transmitted to an electrode plate 2(107), the electrode plate 2(107) supplies the electrons to oxygen atoms, and the oxygen atoms are dissociated into oxygen ions; thereby completing the external power supply of the battery and providing the electric energy to the electric equipment or the power converter (115).
Composition of hydrocarbon fuel cell: an electrode plate 3(201), a hydrocarbon compound 2(202), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 3(203), a proton exchange membrane 2(204), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 4(205), oxygen or air 2(206), and an electrode plate 4 (207); additional electric field plates 3(208), insulators 3(209), insulators 4(210), additional electric field plates 4(211), electrolytes 3(212), electrolytes 4(213), external circuits 3(214), electric devices or power converters 2(215), and external circuits 4 (216);
the plate material of the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) is one metal of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; directly using a metal as an electrode plate; or a metal alloy constituting the electrode plate;
the electrode plate 3(201) and the electrode plate 4(207) can be bonded with metal powder of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; the compositions of the metal powder on the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) may be the same as or different from those of the electrode plates;
the components of the metal powder on the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) can be a mixture of a plurality of metal particles; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
the plate electrode 3(201) and the plate electrode 4(207) can be bonded with activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphene, onion-type carbon, fullerene, carbon nano-tubes, carbon nano-particles, silicon nano-particles and silicon nano-wires; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
after the hydrocarbon compound 2(202) is introduced from the outside, the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the metal polar plate, or the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the metal particles attached to the metal plate, or the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the metal nanoparticles attached to the metal plate, or the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the carbon or silicon particles on the metal plate; irradiating with ultraviolet ray, X-ray or gamma ray via the light emitting tube array or the planar light emitting tube 1(103) with holes to react hydrocarbon compound with water to generate hydrogen ions, electrons and carbon dioxide, and discharging carbon dioxide; the electrons are transmitted to the electric equipment or the power converter (215) through the electrode 1(201) and the external circuit 3 (214); the hydrogen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (212) and diffused by the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions reach the electrolyte (213) through the proton exchange membrane 2 (204);
the hydrogen ion separation polar plate is dissolved in the electrolyte (212), and directionally moves through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) under the action of the electric fields of the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) to reach the electrolyte (213);
the hydrogen ion separation polar plate is dissolved in the electrolyte (212), and is diffused to pass through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) under the combined action of the electric field and the concentration difference of the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) to reach the electrolyte (213);
oxygen or air 2(206) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode 2(207), two electrons obtained from the electrode 2(207) are dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of electromagnetic waves of an ultraviolet ray, an X ray, a gamma ray luminous tube array or a perforated plane luminous tube 4(205), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (213), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate one water molecule, so that the generation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is completed; completing the power generation of the hydrocarbon fuel cell;
an electronic operation loop: the hydrogen is dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons, the electrons are transmitted to an external circuit 3(214) through an electrode 1(201), the external circuit 3(214) is transmitted to a power consumption device or a power converter 2(215), the power consumption device or the power converter (215) is transmitted to an external circuit 4(216), the external circuit 4(216) is transmitted to an electrode 2(207), the electrode 2(207) is used for supplying the electrons to oxygen atoms, and the oxygen atoms are changed into oxygen ions; compounding oxygen ions and hydrogen ions into water to complete the whole cycle; thereby completing the external power supply of the battery and supplying the electric energy to the electric equipment or the power converter 2 (215).
The photocatalytic effect catalyzes hydrogen: the common hydrogen fuel cell can realize the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen at normal temperature by using metal platinum as a catalyst, thereby realizing the power generation function of the hydrogen fuel cell;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; hydrogen is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons under the catalytic effect of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays, so that the power generation function of the hydrogen fuel cell can be realized;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; oxygen or air 1(106) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode plate 2(107), two electrons obtained from the electrode plate 2(107) are dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of electromagnetic waves of ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma ray luminous tube arrays or perforated planar luminous tubes 4(205), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (213), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate one water molecule, so that the generation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is completed; the hydrogen fuel cell power generation is completed.
Fuel cell for hydrocarbon fuels: the common hydrocarbon fuel cell can realize the reaction of hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen at normal temperature by using metal platinum as a catalyst, thereby realizing the power generation function of the hydrocarbon fuel cell;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; the hydrocarbon substance is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide under the catalytic effect of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays, so that the power generation function of the hydrocarbon fuel cell can be realized;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; oxygen or air 2(206) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode plate 4(207), two electrons obtained from the electrode plate 4(207) are dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of electromagnetic waves of ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma ray luminous tube arrays or perforated planar luminous tubes 4(205), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (213), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate one water molecule, so that the generation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is completed; completing the power generation of the hydrocarbon fuel cell.
The light-emitting tube array or the plane light-emitting tube with holes emits ultraviolet light, or X rays, or gamma rays to catalyze the dissociation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydrocarbon substances;
the luminotron array or the plane luminotron 1 with holes (103), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (2) (105), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (3) (203), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (4) (205) are composed of ultraviolet luminescent diode, X-ray luminescent diode or gamma-ray luminescent diode; or an ultraviolet lamp tube, an X-ray tube or a gamma lamp tube;
the larger the arc tube current in the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 1(103), the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 2(105), the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 3(203), the larger the arc tube current in the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 4(205), the more the emitted light, the more the number of atoms of the catalytic reaction, and the more the electric quantity emitted by the fuel cell; the greater the generated power of the fuel cell;
the generated power of the fuel cell can be controlled by controlling the luminous current of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes.
The electrode plate, the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles increase the surface area and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
positive electrode material for hydrogen fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
anode material for hydrogen fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
positive electrode material for hydrocarbon fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
anode material for hydrocarbon fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
the electrode plate 1(101), the electrode plate 2(107), the electrode plate 3(201), the electrode plate 4(207) can be a metal flat plate, or a metal plate with holes, or a metal plate with a gas storage structure, and conductive nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles or carbon nanoparticles, are bonded on the electrode plate, so that the contact surface area of the electrode and the reaction substance can be greatly increased;
the electrode is made of metal with holes, as shown in FIG. 3, 301 is an electrode plate, and 302 is a hole; hydrogen is introduced into the interior, and the contact surface between the hydrogen and the electrode plate 1(101) is greatly increased.
The external electric field accelerates the directional movement of hydrogen ions, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
in a hydrogen fuel cell:
the concentration diffusion, or the electric field driving, or the combined action of the concentration diffusion and the electric field driving, realizes the movement of hydrogen ions in the electrolyte;
effect of external electric field on hydrogen fuel cell: an external electrostatic field is formed by the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111) through an external power supply, and the external electrostatic field can accelerate hydrogen ions (H)+) Passing through proton exchange membrane 1(104) in electrolyte 2(113) and oxygen ion (O)2+) Produced water (H)2O), thereby greatly improving the efficiency of energy utilization of the hydrogen fuel cell; oxygen ion (O)2+) Cannot permeate the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and all hydrogen ions (H)+) With oxygen ions (O)2+) The generated water is compounded in the electrolyte 2 (113);
the larger the voltage of the external electric field is, the H is under the action of the external electric field+H permeating proton exchange membrane 1(104)+The larger the number, H+The higher the probability of recombination with oxygen, the higher the efficiency of the fuel cell; when the voltage is greatly fixed, H+Reach saturation, H+The diffusion rate does not increase any more.
In a hydrocarbon fuel cell:
the concentration diffusion, or the electric field driving, or the combined action of the concentration diffusion and the electric field driving, realizes the directional movement of the hydrogen ions in the electrolyte;
effect of external electric field on hydrocarbon fuel cell: an external electrostatic field is formed by the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) through an external power supply, and the external electrostatic field can accelerate hydrogen ions (H)+) Passing through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) between the electrolyte (213) and oxygen ions (O)2+) Produced water (H)2O), thereby greatly improving the efficiency of energy utilization of the hydrocarbon fuel cell; oxygen ion (O)2+) Cannot permeate the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and all hydrogen ions (H)+) With oxygen ions (O)2+) The water produced by the combination of (1) is all carried out in the electrolyte (213);
the larger the voltage of the external electric field is, the H is under the action of the external electric field+Through protonsH of exchange Membrane 2(204)+The larger the number, H+The higher the probability of recombination with oxygen, the higher the efficiency of the fuel cell; when the voltage is greatly fixed, H+Reach saturation, H+The diffusion rate does not increase any more.
Hydrogen fuel cell, hydrocarbon fuel cell output power control method;
reduction of power generation of hydrogen fuel cell:
(1) reducing the supply of hydrogen, oxygen or air;
(2) reducing the luminescence of the luminotron array or the plane luminotron 1 with holes (103), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (2) (105), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (3) (203) and the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (4) (205), namely reducing the current of the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes, reducing the luminescence, thereby reducing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) the hydrogen fuel cell is reduced, the voltage between the electrode plates of the electrode 1(101) and the electrode 2(107) is increased, so that the electric field intensity is reduced, and the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions is reduced; reducing the power generated by the fuel cell;
reducing the power generated by the hydrocarbon fuel cell:
(1) reducing the supply of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, or air;
(2) the light-emitting tube array or the apertured plane light-emitting tube 3(203) and the light-emitting tube array or the apertured plane light-emitting tube 4(205) are reduced in light-emitting quantity, that is, the current of the light-emitting tube array or the apertured plane light-emitting tube is reduced, the light-emitting quantity is reduced, and the number of catalytic reaction molecules is reduced;
(3) the hydrocarbon fuel cell reduces the voltage between the electrode plates 1(201) and 2(207), thereby reducing the applied electric field intensity and slowing down the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions; reducing the power generated by the fuel cell;
increasing the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell:
(1) increasing the supply of hydrogen, oxygen or air;
(2) increasing the luminous quantity of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 1(103), 2(105) and 3(203) and 4(205), namely increasing the current of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes and increasing the luminous quantity, thereby increasing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) the hydrogen fuel cell increases the voltage between the electrode plates of the electrode 1(101) and the electrode 2(107), thereby enhancing the electric field intensity and accelerating the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions; increasing the power generated by the fuel cell;
increasing the power generated by the hydrocarbon fuel cell:
(1) increasing the supply of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, or air;
(2) increasing the luminescence of the luminescent tube array or the plane luminescent tube with holes 3(203) and the luminescent tube array or the plane luminescent tube with holes 4(205), namely increasing the current of the luminescent tube array or the plane luminescent tube with holes, increasing the luminescence, thereby increasing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) the hydrocarbon fuel cell increases the voltage between the electrode plates 1(201) and 2(207), thereby enhancing the strength of the applied electric field and accelerating the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions; the power generation power of the fuel cell is increased.
(1) The photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels;
(2) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of oxygen;
(3) the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes is used for catalyzing the dissociation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydrocarbon substances;
(4) the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell adopt: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or carbon, silicon nano-particles and nano-wires are used as electrodes;
(5) the electrode plate, the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles increase the surface area and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
(6) the external electric field accelerates the directional movement of hydrogen ions, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(7) hydrogen fuel cell, hydrocarbon fuel cell output power control method;
(8) the above 7 aspects are partially combined and fully combined.
Has the advantages that: with a photo-excited catalytic cell, copper, aluminum, iron, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium …, all metallic elements or carbon, silicon particles can be used; a carbon, silicon void structure; or the nano particles and the nano wires of the carbon and the silicon are used as the cathode of the fuel cell, and the hydrogen or the hydrocarbon substances are catalyzed to generate electricity under the combined action of the photo-excitation catalysis and the metal or the carbon and the silicon.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a hydrogen photocatalytic effect cell
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a hydrocarbon photocatalytic effect cell
FIG. 3 a metal electrode with holes
Fifth, detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
preferred example 1:
constitution of hydrogen fuel cell: as shown in fig. 1, an electrode plate 1(101), a hydrogen gas 1(102), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 1(103), a proton exchange membrane 1(104), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 2(105), an oxygen or air 1(106), and an electrode plate 2 (107); additional electric field plates 1(108), insulators 1(109), insulators 2(110), additional electric field plates 2(111), and electrolytes 1 (112); electrolyte 2 (113); external circuit 1 (114); a consumer or power converter 1 (115); external circuit 2 (116);
composition of hydrocarbon fuel cell: as shown in fig. 2, an electrode plate 3(201), a hydrocarbon compound 2(202), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 3(203), a proton exchange membrane 2(204), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 4(205), oxygen or air 2(206), and an electrode plate 4 (207); additional electric field plates 3(208), insulators 3(209), insulators 4(210), additional electric field plates 4(211), electrolytes 3(212), electrolytes 4(213), external circuits 3(214), electric devices or power converters 2(215), and external circuits 4 (216); the hydrocarbon fuel includes: a hydrocarbon, or a hydrocarbon compound;
the patent innovation points are as follows:
(1) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels;
(2) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of oxygen;
(3) the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes is used for catalyzing the dissociation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydrocarbon substances;
(4) the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell adopt: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or carbon, silicon nano-particles and nano-wires are used as electrodes;
(5) the electrode plate, the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles increase the surface area and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
(6) the external electric field accelerates the directional movement of hydrogen ions, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(7) hydrogen fuel cell, hydrocarbon fuel cell output power control method;
(8) the above 7 aspects are partially combined and fully combined.
Preferred example 2:
the system comprises the following components:
constitution of hydrogen fuel cell: as shown in fig. 1, an electrode plate 1(101), a hydrogen gas 1(102), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 1(103), a proton exchange membrane 1(104), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 2(105), an oxygen or air 1(106), and an electrode plate 2 (107); additional electric field plates 1(108), insulators 1(109), insulators 2(110), additional electric field plates 2(111), and electrolytes 1 (112); electrolyte 2 (113); external circuit 1 (114); a consumer or power converter 1 (115); external circuit 2 (116);
the plate material of the electrode plates 1(101) and 2(107) is one metal of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; directly using a metal as an electrode plate; or a metal alloy constituting the electrode plate;
the plate materials of the electrode plate 1(101) and the electrode plate 2(107) can be bonded with metal powder of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; the components of the metal powder on the plate materials of the electrode plates 1(101) and the electrode plates 2(107) can be the same as or different from the components of the electrode plates; the components of the metal powder on the electrode plates 1(101) and 2(107) can be a mixture of a plurality of metal particles; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
the plate electrode 1(101) and the plate electrode 2(107) can be bonded with activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphene, onion-type carbon, fullerene, carbon nano-tubes, carbon nano-particles, silicon nano-particles and silicon nano-wires; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
hydrogen gas 1(102) is introduced from the outside, and then the hydrogen gas is adsorbed on the electrode plate 1(101) or the hydrogen gas is adsorbed on the metal particles bonded on the metal plate; or hydrogen is adsorbed on the metal nano-particles bonded on the metal plate; or hydrogen gas is adsorbed on the particles of carbon or silicon on the metal plate;
the hydrogen is catalyzed and dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays emitted by the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube 1(103) with holes, and the electrons are transmitted to electric equipment or an electric power converter 1(115) through the electrode 1(101) and the external circuit 1 (114);
the hydrogen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte 1(112) and diffused by the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and reach the electrolyte 2 (113);
the hydrogen ion separation polar plate is dissolved in the electrolyte 1(112), directionally moves through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) under the action of the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111 electric field), and reaches the electrolyte 2 (113);
the hydrogen ion is separated from the polar plate and dissolved in the electrolyte 1(112), and is diffused to pass through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) under the combined action of the electric field and the concentration difference of the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111) to reach the electrolyte 2 (113);
oxygen or air 1(106) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode plate 2(107), two electrons are obtained from the electrode plate 2(107) to be dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of light of ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma ray luminous tube arrays or perforated planar luminous tubes 2(105), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte 2(113), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate a water molecule; thereby completing the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen to generate water and completing the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell;
an electronic operation loop: the hydrogen is dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons, the electrons are transmitted to an external circuit 1(114) through an electrode plate 1(101), the external circuit 1(114) is transmitted to an electric device or an electric power converter (115), the electric device or the electric power converter (115) is transmitted to an external circuit 2(116), the external circuit 2(116) is transmitted to an electrode plate 2(107), the electrode plate 2(107) supplies the electrons to oxygen atoms, and the oxygen atoms are dissociated into oxygen ions; thereby completing the external power supply of the battery and providing the electric energy to the electric equipment or the power converter (115).
Preferred example 3:
composition of hydrocarbon fuel cell: as shown in fig. 2, an electrode plate 3(201), a hydrocarbon compound 2(202), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 3(203), a proton exchange membrane 2(204), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 4(205), oxygen or air 2(206), and an electrode plate 4 (207); additional electric field plates 3(208), insulators 3(209), insulators 4(210), additional electric field plates 4(211), electrolytes 3(212), electrolytes 4(213), external circuits 3(214), electric devices or power converters 2(215), and external circuits 4 (216);
the plate material of the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) is one metal of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; directly using a metal as an electrode plate; or a metal alloy constituting the electrode plate;
the electrode plate 3(201) and the electrode plate 4(207) can be bonded with metal powder of copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and barium; the compositions of the metal powder on the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) may be the same as or different from those of the electrode plates;
the components of the metal powder on the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) can be a mixture of a plurality of metal particles; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
the plate electrode 3(201) and the plate electrode 4(207) can be bonded with activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphene, onion-type carbon, fullerene, carbon nano-tubes, carbon nano-particles, silicon nano-particles and silicon nano-wires; increasing the surface area of the electrode;
after the hydrocarbon compound 2(202) is introduced from the outside, the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the metal polar plate, or the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the metal particles attached to the metal plate, or the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the metal nanoparticles attached to the metal plate, or the hydrocarbon compound is adsorbed on the carbon or silicon particles on the metal plate; irradiating with ultraviolet ray, X-ray or gamma ray via the light emitting tube array or the planar light emitting tube 1(103) with holes to react hydrocarbon compound with water to generate hydrogen ions, electrons and carbon dioxide, and discharging carbon dioxide; the electrons are transmitted to the electric equipment or the power converter (215) through the electrode 1(201) and the external circuit 3 (214); the hydrogen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (212) and diffused by the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions reach the electrolyte (213) through the proton exchange membrane 2 (204);
the hydrogen ion separation polar plate is dissolved in the electrolyte (212), and directionally moves through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) under the action of the electric fields of the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) to reach the electrolyte (213);
the hydrogen ion separation polar plate is dissolved in the electrolyte (212), and is diffused to pass through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) under the combined action of the electric field and the concentration difference of the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) to reach the electrolyte (213);
oxygen or air 2(206) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode 2(207), two electrons obtained from the electrode 2(207) are dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of electromagnetic waves of an ultraviolet ray, an X ray, a gamma ray luminous tube array or a perforated plane luminous tube 4(205), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (213), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate one water molecule, so that the generation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is completed; completing the power generation of the hydrocarbon fuel cell;
an electronic operation loop: the hydrogen is dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons, the electrons are transmitted to an external circuit 3(214) through an electrode 1(201), the external circuit 3(214) is transmitted to a power consumption device or a power converter 2(215), the power consumption device or the power converter (215) is transmitted to an external circuit 4(216), the external circuit 4(216) is transmitted to an electrode 2(207), the electrode 2(207) is used for supplying the electrons to oxygen atoms, and the oxygen atoms are changed into oxygen ions; compounding oxygen ions and hydrogen ions into water to complete the whole cycle; thereby completing the external power supply of the battery and supplying the electric energy to the electric equipment or the power converter 2 (215).
Preferred example 4:
law of photocatalytic effect:
1) there is a limit frequency (or cut-off frequency) for each chemical reaction substance, i.e. the frequency of the irradiated light cannot be lower than a certain critical value; the corresponding wavelength is called the limiting wavelength (or red-limited wavelength); when the frequency of the incident light is lower than the limit frequency, no matter how strong the light has no effect on the reaction of the catalytic substance;
2) the activation degree of the photocatalysis on the chemical reaction substances is related to the frequency of light and is not related to the light intensity;
3) the intensity of the incident light only affects the amount of catalytic reaction substances, namely the amount of the catalytic reaction substances in unit time and unit area; the more the incident light is, the more substances catalyze the reaction, with the light frequency unchanged.
Preferred example 5:
the photocatalytic effect catalyzes hydrogen:
the common hydrogen fuel cell can realize the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen at normal temperature by using metal platinum as a catalyst, thereby realizing the power generation function of the hydrogen fuel cell;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; hydrogen is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons under the catalytic effect of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays, so that the power generation function of the hydrogen fuel cell can be realized;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; oxygen or air 1(106) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode plate 2(107), two electrons obtained from the electrode plate 2(107) are dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of electromagnetic waves of ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma ray luminous tube arrays or perforated planar luminous tubes 4(205), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (213), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate one water molecule, so that the generation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is completed; the hydrogen fuel cell power generation is completed.
Preferred example 6:
fuel cell for hydrocarbon fuels:
the common hydrocarbon fuel cell can realize the reaction of hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen at normal temperature by using metal platinum as a catalyst, thereby realizing the power generation function of the hydrocarbon fuel cell;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; the hydrocarbon substance is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide under the catalytic effect of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays, so that the power generation function of the hydrocarbon fuel cell can be realized;
copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles are used in the invention; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod; oxygen or air 2(206) is introduced and adsorbed on the electrode plate 4(207), two electrons obtained from the electrode plate 4(207) are dissociated into oxygen ions under the action of electromagnetic waves of ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma ray luminous tube arrays or perforated planar luminous tubes 4(205), the oxygen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte (213), and one oxygen ion and two hydrogen ions are compounded to generate one water molecule, so that the generation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is completed; completing the power generation of the hydrocarbon fuel cell.
Preferred example 6:
the light-emitting tube array or the plane light-emitting tube with holes emits ultraviolet light, or X rays, or gamma rays to catalyze the dissociation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydrocarbon substances;
the luminotron array or the plane luminotron 1 with holes (103), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (2) (105), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (3) (203), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (4) (205) are composed of ultraviolet luminescent diode, X-ray luminescent diode or gamma-ray luminescent diode; or an ultraviolet lamp tube, an X-ray tube or a gamma lamp tube;
the larger the arc tube current in the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 1(103), the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 2(105), the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 3(203), the larger the arc tube current in the arc tube array or the apertured planar arc tube 4(205), the more the emitted light, the more the number of atoms of the catalytic reaction, and the more the electric quantity emitted by the fuel cell; the greater the generated power of the fuel cell;
the generated power of the fuel cell can be controlled by controlling the luminous current of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes.
Preferred example 7:
the electrode plate, the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles increase the surface area and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
positive electrode material for hydrogen fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
anode material for hydrogen fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
positive electrode material for hydrocarbon fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
anode material for hydrocarbon fuel cell: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or the nano particles and nano wires of carbon and silicon are adhered on the metal electrode or the carbon rod;
the electrode plate 1(101), the electrode plate 2(107), the electrode plate 3(201), the electrode plate 4(207) can be a metal flat plate, or a metal plate with holes, or a metal plate with a gas storage structure, and conductive nanoparticles, such as metal nanoparticles or carbon nanoparticles, are bonded on the electrode plate, so that the contact surface area of the electrode and the reaction substance can be greatly increased;
the electrode is made of metal with holes, as shown in FIG. 3, 301 is an electrode plate, and 302 is a hole; hydrogen is introduced into the interior, and the contact surface between the hydrogen and the electrode plate 1(101) is greatly increased.
Preferred example 8:
the external electric field accelerates the directional movement of hydrogen ions, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
in a hydrogen fuel cell:
the concentration diffusion, or the electric field driving, or the combined action of the concentration diffusion and the electric field driving, realizes the movement of hydrogen ions in the electrolyte;
effect of external electric field on hydrogen fuel cell: an external electrostatic field is formed by the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111) through an external power supply, and the external electrostatic field can accelerate hydrogen ions (H)+) Passing through proton exchange membrane 1(104) in electrolyte 2(113) and oxygen ion (O)2+) Produced water (H)2O), thereby greatly improving the efficiency of energy utilization of the hydrogen fuel cell; oxygen ion (O)2+) Cannot permeate the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and all hydrogen ions (H)+) With oxygen ions (O)2+) The generated water is compounded in the electrolyte 2 (113);
the larger the voltage of the external electric field is, the H is under the action of the external electric field+H permeating proton exchange membrane 1(104)+The larger the number, H+The higher the probability of recombination with oxygen, the higher the efficiency of the fuel cell; when the voltage is greatly fixed, H+Reach saturation, H+The diffusion rate does not increase any more.
In a hydrocarbon fuel cell:
the concentration diffusion, or the electric field driving, or the combined action of the concentration diffusion and the electric field driving, realizes the directional movement of the hydrogen ions in the electrolyte;
effect of external electric field on hydrocarbon fuel cell: an external electrostatic field is formed by the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) through an external power supply, and the external electrostatic field can accelerate hydrogen ions (H)+) Passing through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) between the electrolyte (213) and oxygen ions (O)2+) Produced water (H)2O), thereby greatly improving the efficiency of energy utilization of the hydrocarbon fuel cell; oxygen ion (O)2+) Cannot permeate the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and all hydrogen ions (H)+) With oxygen ions (O)2+) The water produced by the combination of (1) is all carried out in the electrolyte (213);
the larger the voltage of the external electric field is, the H is under the action of the external electric field+H permeating the proton exchange membrane 2(204)+The larger the number, H+The higher the probability of recombination with oxygen, the higher the efficiency of the fuel cell; when the voltage is greatly fixed, H+Reach saturation, H+The diffusion rate does not increase any more.
Preferred example 9:
hydrogen fuel cell, hydrocarbon fuel cell output power control method;
reduction of power generation of hydrogen fuel cell:
(1) reducing the supply of hydrogen, oxygen or air;
(2) reducing the luminescence of the luminotron array or the plane luminotron 1 with holes (103), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (2) (105), the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (3) (203) and the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes (4) (205), namely reducing the current of the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes, reducing the luminescence, thereby reducing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) the hydrogen fuel cell is reduced, the voltage between the electrode plates of the electrode 1(101) and the electrode 2(107) is increased, so that the electric field intensity is reduced, and the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions is reduced; reducing the power generated by the fuel cell;
reducing the power generated by the hydrocarbon fuel cell:
(4) reducing the supply of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, or air;
(5) the light-emitting tube array or the apertured plane light-emitting tube 3(203) and the light-emitting tube array or the apertured plane light-emitting tube 4(205) are reduced in light-emitting quantity, that is, the current of the light-emitting tube array or the apertured plane light-emitting tube is reduced, the light-emitting quantity is reduced, and the number of catalytic reaction molecules is reduced;
(6) the hydrocarbon fuel cell reduces the voltage between the electrode plates 1(201) and 2(207), thereby reducing the applied electric field intensity and slowing down the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions; reducing the power generated by the fuel cell;
increasing the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell:
(1) increasing the supply of hydrogen, oxygen or air;
(2) increasing the luminous quantity of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 1(103), 2(105) and 3(203) and 4(205), namely increasing the current of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes and increasing the luminous quantity, thereby increasing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) the hydrogen fuel cell increases the voltage between the electrode plates of the electrode 1(101) and the electrode 2(107), thereby enhancing the electric field intensity and accelerating the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions; increasing the power generated by the fuel cell;
increasing the power generated by the hydrocarbon fuel cell:
(4) increasing the supply of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, or air;
(5) increasing the luminescence of the luminescent tube array or the plane luminescent tube with holes 3(203) and the luminescent tube array or the plane luminescent tube with holes 4(205), namely increasing the current of the luminescent tube array or the plane luminescent tube with holes, increasing the luminescence, thereby increasing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(6) the hydrocarbon fuel cell increases the voltage between the electrode plates 1(201) and 2(207), thereby enhancing the strength of the applied electric field and accelerating the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions; the power generation power of the fuel cell is increased.
Preferred example 10:
(1) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels;
(2) the photocatalytic effect catalyzes the dissociation of oxygen;
(3) the luminotron array or the plane luminotron with holes is used for catalyzing the dissociation of hydrogen, oxygen and hydrocarbon substances;
(4) the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the fuel cell adopt: copper, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, silver, tin, gold, mercury, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, metal elements or carbon, silicon particles; a carbon, silicon void structure material; or carbon, silicon nano-particles and nano-wires are used as electrodes;
(5) the electrode plate, the hollow electrode plate, the particle particles and the nano particles increase the surface area and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell;
(6) the external electric field accelerates the directional movement of hydrogen ions, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(7) hydrogen fuel cell, hydrocarbon fuel cell output power control method;
(8) the above 7 aspects are partially combined and fully combined.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will be able to make various changes and modifications within the scope of the appended claims and also some of the present designs.

Claims (7)

1. A photocatalytic effect cell, formed from a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
an electrode plate 1(101), a hydrogen gas 1(102), a luminous tube array or a perforated plane luminous tube 1(103), a proton exchange membrane 1(104), a luminous tube array or a perforated plane luminous tube 2(105), an oxygen gas or air 1(106) and an electrode plate 2 (107); additional electric field plates 1(108), insulators 1(109), insulators 2(110), additional electric field plates 2(111), and electrolytes 1 (112); electrolyte 2 (113); external circuit 1 (114); a consumer or power converter 1 (115); external circuit 2 (116);
the method is characterized in that:
(1) the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 1(103) catalyzes the dissociation of hydrogen by photocatalysis effect;
(2) the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube 2 with holes (105) catalyzes the dissociation of oxygen by the photocatalysis effect;
(3) the electrode plates 1(101) and 2(107) adopt metal elements or metal alloys; or graphite, or carbon nanoparticles; or nanoparticles of silicon; or a carbon nanowire; or silicon carbon nanowires; electrode plate 1(101) and electrode plate 2(107) are adhered with: one or more metal particles, or activated carbon, or amorphous carbon, or graphene, or onion-type carbon, or fullerene, or carbon nanotubes, or carbon nanoparticles, or silicon nanowires; the components of the electrode plate can be the same as or different from the material components of the electrode plate; the surface area is increased, and the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(4) voltage is applied between the additional electric field plate 1(108) and the additional electric field plate 2(111) to generate an additional electric field, and the additional electric field accelerates the directional motion of hydrogen ions, so that the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(5) the hydrogen fuel cell controls: the magnitude of the applied electric field voltage between the applied electric field plate 1(108) and the applied electric field plate 2 (111); or hydrogen 1(102), oxygen or air 1(106) input gas; or the luminous intensity of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 1(103) and the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 2(105) to control the output power of the fuel cell;
(6) hydrogen 1(102) is introduced from the outside, and then the hydrogen is adsorbed on the electrode plate 1 (101); or the nanoparticles attached to the hydrogen adsorption electrode plate 1;
the hydrogen is catalyzed and dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays emitted by the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube 1(103) with holes, and the electrons flow through the electrode plate 1(101) and are transmitted to electric equipment or an electric power converter 1(115) through an external circuit 1 (114);
hydrogen ion-releasing electrode plate 1(101) is dissolved in electrolyte solution 1 (112):
the hydrogen ions diffuse due to the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) and reach the electrolyte solution 2 (113);
or the electrolyte moves directionally through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) under the action of an electric field between the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111) to reach the electrolyte 2 (113);
or passes through the proton exchange membrane 1(104) under the combined action of the electric field between the external electric field plate 1(108) and the external electric field plate 2(111) and the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and reaches the electrolyte 2 (113).
2. A photocatalytic effect cell, comprising a hydrocarbon fuel cell, comprising:
an electrode plate 3(201), a hydrocarbon fuel 2(202), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 3(203), a proton exchange membrane 2(204), a luminotron array or a perforated planar luminotron 4(205), oxygen or air 2(206), and an electrode plate 4 (207); additional electric field plates 3(208), insulators 3(209), insulators 4(210), additional electric field plates 4(211), and electrolytes 3 (212); an electrolytic solution 4 (213); external circuit 3 (214); powered device or power converter 2 (215); external circuit 4 (216); the hydrocarbon fuel includes: a hydrocarbon, or a hydrocarbon compound;
the method is characterized in that:
(1) the luminotron array or the plane luminotron 3 with holes (203) catalyzes the dissociation of hydrocarbon fuel by photocatalysis effect;
(2) the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 4(205) catalyzes the dissociation of oxygen by photocatalysis effect;
(3) the electrode plates 3(201) and 4(207) adopt metal elements, metal alloys or graphite; or carbon, silicon nano-particles and nano-wires are used as electrodes; electrode plate 3(201) and electrode plate 4(207) are adhered with: one or more metal particles, or activated carbon, or amorphous carbon, or graphene, or onion-type carbon, or fullerene, or carbon nanotubes, or carbon nanoparticles, or silicon nanowires; the components of the electrode plate can be the same as or different from the material components of the electrode plate; the surface area is increased, and the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(4) voltage is applied between the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) to generate an external electric field, and the external electric field accelerates the directional motion of hydrogen ions, so that the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved;
(5) the hydrocarbon fuel cell is controlled by: the magnitude of the applied electric field voltage between the applied electric field plate 3(208) and the applied electric field plate 4 (211); or how much hydrocarbon fuel 2(202), oxygen, or air 2(206) input gas; or the luminous intensity of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 3(203), the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 4(205) to control the output power of the fuel cell;
(6) after the hydrocarbon fuel 2(202) is introduced from the outside, the hydrocarbon fuel is adsorbed on the electrode plate 3 (201); or nanoparticles attached to the hydrocarbon fuel adsorption electrode plate 3;
the hydrocarbon fuel is catalyzed and dissociated into hydrogen ions and electrons by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, X rays or gamma rays emitted by the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tubes 3(203) with holes, and the electrons flow through the external circuit 4(214) through the electrode plate 3(201) and are transmitted to the electric equipment or the electric power converter 2 (215);
the hydrogen ions are dissolved in the electrolyte 3(212) and diffused by the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions, and pass through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) to reach the electrolyte 4 (213);
or directionally move through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) under the action of the electric fields of the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) to reach the electrolyte 4 (213);
or passes through the proton exchange membrane 2(204) under the combined action of the electric field of the external electric field plate 3(208) and the external electric field plate 4(211) and the concentration difference of the hydrogen ions to reach the electrolyte 4 (213).
3. A photocatalytic effect cell according to claim 1 or a hydrocarbon fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized by:
the luminotron array or plane luminotron 1(103) with holes, the luminotron array or plane luminotron 2(105) with holes, the luminotron array or plane luminotron 3(203) with holes, the luminotron array or plane luminotron 4(205) with holes are composed of ultraviolet luminotron, X-ray luminotron or gamma-ray luminotron.
4. The photocatalytic effect cell according to claim 1, which is a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that:
the larger the voltage of the external electric field is, the H is under the action of the external electric field+H permeating proton exchange membrane 1(104)+The larger the number, H+The higher the probability of recombination with oxygen, the higher the efficiency of the fuel cell; when the voltage is greatly fixed, H+Reach saturation, H+The diffusion rate no longer increases and the power of the fuel cell no longer increases.
5. The hydrocarbon fuel cell of claim 2 wherein:
the larger the voltage of the external electric field is, the H is under the action of the external electric field+H permeating the proton exchange membrane 2(204)+The larger the number, H+The higher the probability of recombination with oxygen, the higher the efficiency of the fuel cell; when the voltage is greatly fixed, H+Reach saturation, H+The diffusion rate no longer increases and the power of the fuel cell no longer increases.
6. The photocatalytic effect cell according to claim 1, which is a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that:
reduction of power generation of hydrogen fuel cell:
(1) reducing the supply of hydrogen, oxygen or air;
(2) or the luminous quantity of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 1(103) and the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 2(105) is reduced, namely the current of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes is reduced, thereby reducing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) or the voltage between the impressed electric field plate 1(108) and the impressed electric field plate 2(111) of the hydrogen fuel cell is reduced, so that the electric field intensity is reduced, and the diffusion speed of hydrogen ions is reduced; reducing the power generated by the fuel cell;
increasing the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell:
(1) increasing the supply of hydrogen, oxygen or air;
(2) or increasing the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 1(103), the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes 2(105), namely increasing the current of the luminous tube array or the plane luminous tube with holes, thereby increasing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) or the voltage between the impressed electric field plate 1(108) and the impressed electric field plate 2(111) of the hydrogen fuel cell is increased, so that the electric field intensity is enhanced, and the diffusion speed of the hydrogen ions is accelerated; the power generation power of the fuel cell is increased.
7. The hydrocarbon fuel cell of claim 2 wherein:
reducing the power generated by the hydrocarbon fuel cell:
(1) reducing the supply of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, or air;
(2) or reducing the light emitting quantity of the light emitting tube array or the plane light emitting tube with holes 3(203) and the light emitting tube array or the plane light emitting tube with holes 4(205), namely reducing the current of the light emitting tube array or the plane light emitting tube with holes, thereby reducing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) or reducing the voltage between the applied electric field plate 3(208) and the applied electric field plate 4(211) of the hydrocarbon fuel cell, thereby reducing the intensity of the applied electric field and slowing down the diffusion speed of the hydrogen ions; reducing the power generated by the fuel cell;
increasing the power generated by the hydrocarbon fuel cell:
(1) increasing the supply of hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen, or air;
(2) or increasing the light emitting quantity of the light emitting tube array or the plane light emitting tube with holes 3(203) and the light emitting tube array or the plane light emitting tube with holes 4(205), namely increasing the current of the light emitting tube array or the plane light emitting tube with holes, thereby increasing the number of catalytic reaction molecules;
(3) or increasing the voltage between the hydrocarbon fuel applied electric field plate 3(208) and the applied electric field plate 4(211) so as to enhance the intensity of the applied electric field and accelerate the diffusion speed of the hydrogen ions; the power generation power of the fuel cell is increased.
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