CN107845824B - Control method and system for realizing optimal efficiency interval of fuel cell array - Google Patents

Control method and system for realizing optimal efficiency interval of fuel cell array Download PDF

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CN107845824B
CN107845824B CN201710356311.5A CN201710356311A CN107845824B CN 107845824 B CN107845824 B CN 107845824B CN 201710356311 A CN201710356311 A CN 201710356311A CN 107845824 B CN107845824 B CN 107845824B
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fuel cell
power
max
current
voltage
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CN107845824A (en
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王天宏
李奇
陈维荣
戴朝华
于爽
朱亚男
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method and a system for realizing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array, which monitor the conditions of voltage, current and the like output by each fuel cell in real time, analyze the working performance of the fuel cell according to a measured signal and control each unit in the fuel cell array to be in an optimal working state on the premise of meeting the power requirement; on the premise of reducing the starting and stopping frequency of the fuel cells, each fuel cell is controlled to work in a high-efficiency interval as much as possible, hydrogen energy is utilized to the maximum extent, resources are saved, and the purpose of fuel economy is achieved. The output state of the fuel cell is smoothly switched according to the performance of the fuel cell, the output forward mutation and the output reverse mutation are ensured to be within an acceptable range, the service life of the fuel cell is effectively prolonged, and the system cost is reduced.

Description

Control method and system for realizing optimal efficiency interval of fuel cell array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a control method and a control system for realizing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array.
Background
The fuel cell array power generation system is formed by connecting a plurality of fuel cells in series and parallel, so that the voltage and power level of the fuel cells can be increased, the output electric energy of the fuel cells can be flexibly distributed, and the fuel cells are in the optimal working state. When the working performance of a certain fuel cell in the fuel cell array is reduced, the working state of the fuel cell is changed or the fuel cell is cut off according to the situation, and the system can still work normally. In addition, the fuel cell with reduced working performance is controlled by corresponding control strategies, so that the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, the system cost is reduced, and the system stability is improved. The research on the control method of the fuel cell array is beneficial to promoting the use of the fuel cell in the fields of transportation, micro-grid and the like.
The existing control method for the fuel cell array mostly stays in tracking the maximum power point or the maximum efficiency point, and the consideration is mainly to improve the working efficiency of the fuel cell so as to realize the purpose of fuel economy; however, the operating efficiency does not take into account the service life of the fuel cell, and the system safety problem caused by the reduction of the operating performance of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a control method and system for realizing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array, which ensure that each unit in the fuel cell array is in an optimal working state, effectively reduce the startup and shutdown frequency of the fuel cell, improve the service life of the fuel cell, enable the fuel cell to work in a "high efficiency interval" as much as possible, achieve the purpose of fuel economy, reduce the cost, and improve the stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a control method for realizing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array comprises the following steps:
s100, collecting fuel cell voltage and fuel cell current output by each fuel cell in a fuel cell array, collecting converter voltage and converter current output by a converter cascaded with each fuel cell, and collecting load voltage and load current input by a load;
s200, performing data fitting on the fuel cell voltage, the fuel cell current, the load voltage, the load current, the converter voltage and the converter current to obtain a fuel cell efficiency current curve and a fuel cell power current curve;
s300, according to the efficiency current curve of the fuel cell, setting the maximum power current I of the fuel cell P_max Maximum power P of fuel cell FC_max And maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max A value of (d); setting the maximum efficiency current I of the fuel cell according to the power current curve of the fuel cell E_max And maximum efficiency power of fuel cell
Figure BDA0001299186020000021
A value of (d); according to the maximum efficiency current I of the fuel cell E_max Setting a maximum efficiency ripple current Δ I of a fuel cell E A value of (d); based on the maximum efficiency power of the fuel cell>
Figure BDA0001299186020000022
Setting the maximum efficiency fluctuation power DeltaP of the fuel cell E A value of (d); the above set values need to satisfy the constraint: i is E_max +ΔI E -I P_max ＜I P_max *2% and +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000023
Setting system bus voltage V according to system requirements bus And the load demands the maximum power P load_max Wherein the maximum power required by the load is satisfied
Figure BDA0001299186020000024
Setting the maximum positive fluctuation power Delta P of the fuel cell according to the characteristics of the fuel cell P_max And maximum reverse fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell N_max A value of (d);
s400 according to the maximum power P of the fuel cell FC_max Maximum efficiency power of fuel cell
Figure BDA0001299186020000025
And maximum efficiency fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell E Dividing the load power P load A range of (d); according to the maximum power current I of the fuel cell in different divided ranges P_max Maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Maximum efficiency current I of fuel cell E_max Maximum efficiency fluctuation current Delta I of fuel cell E Maximum positive fluctuation power delta P of fuel cell P_max Maximum reverse fluctuation power DeltaP of fuel cell N_max System operating voltage V bus And/or load demand maximum power P load_max Determining the operation of each fuel cell cascade converter in each fuel cell array to control the output of the fuel cell arrayAnd (6) outputting the state.
Further, the step S400 includes the steps of:
s410, firstly, the output voltage of the converter No. 1 cascaded with the fuel cell No. 1 and the output voltage of the converter No. 5 cascaded with the fuel cell No. 5 are set to be constant
Figure BDA0001299186020000026
S420 detecting load power P load ：
(1) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000031
Starting the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell to equally divide the load power;
(2) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000032
Determining the working conditions of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell according to the voltages of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell;
(3) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000033
When the power is insufficient, starting the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; while the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell are both constant with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting;
(4) When the temperature is higher than the set temperature
Figure BDA0001299186020000034
When it is time, the fuel cell No. 1, the fuel cell No. 2, the fuel cell No. 5 and the fuel cell No. 6 are started and all are current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000035
Outputting constantly;
(5) When the temperature is higher than the set temperature
Figure BDA0001299186020000036
According to the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell and No. 2 fuel cell, and the electricity of No. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cellPressing; determining the working conditions of a No. 1 fuel cell, a No. 2 fuel cell, a No. 3 fuel cell, a No. 5 fuel cell, a No. 6 fuel cell and a No. 7 fuel cell;
(6) When 4P is present FC_max ＜P load ≤6P FC_max When the power is insufficient, starting the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power;
(7) When 6P is present FC_max ＜P load ≤P load_max When the fuel cell No. 4 and the fuel cell No. 8 are started, the shortage power is replenished.
Further, the step (2) comprises:
(21) If only the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 2 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; and constant No. 1 fuel cell with current I E_max -ΔI E Output, no. 5 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting constantly;
(22) If the voltage of only No. 5 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; constant No. 5 fuel cell with current I E_max -ΔI E Output, no. 1 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting constantly;
(23) If the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell and No. 5 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Starting No. 2 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; constant No. 1 fuel cell and No. 5 fuel cell are both powered by current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting;
(24) If the above states are not satisfied, the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell are kept at the maximum power current I of the fuel cell P_max Outputting;
in addition, when the load demand power increases, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the forward fluctuation power Δ P of the fuel cell P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
Further, the step (5) comprises:
(51) If the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell and No. 2 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell and No. 2 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting;
(52) If the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 2 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max (ii) a Starting No. 3 fuel cell to supplement system power shortage, wherein
Figure BDA0001299186020000041
While keeping the No. 1 and No. 2 fuel cells constant with current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000042
When the current is greater than the preset value, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all in the current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000043
Outputting constantly;
(53) If the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 and No. 6 fuel cells with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting;
(54) If any one of the No. 5 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell is lower than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 7 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; when in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000044
While keeping the No. 5 and No. 6 fuel cells at the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000045
When the fuel cell is used, the fuel cell No. 5, the fuel cell No. 6 and the fuel cell No. 7 are all in the combination of current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000051
Outputting constantly;
wherein the limiting of the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
Further, the step (6) comprises:
judgment of
Figure BDA0001299186020000052
Whether the result is true or not;
if so, when
Figure BDA0001299186020000053
When the current I is applied to No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell, no. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell E_max -ΔI E Outputting constantly; when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000054
When the fuel cell is selected, the fuel cell No. 1, the fuel cell No. 2, the fuel cell No. 3, the fuel cell No. 5, the fuel cell No. 6 and the fuel cell No. 7 are all judged to be in the current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000055
Outputting constantly; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000056
Then, the following four cases are distinguished: (1) if the voltage of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (2) if the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 4 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000057
When the current I is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all connected with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000058
When the current is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 4 fuel cell are all powered by the current
Figure BDA0001299186020000059
Outputting; (3) if the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (4) if the voltage of any one of the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the system power shortage; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000061
Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell all have current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000062
When constant fuel cell No. 5, fuel cell No. 6, fuel cell No. 7 and fuel cell No. 8 are all in current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000063
And (6) outputting.
If it is
Figure BDA0001299186020000064
The method is not true: when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000065
When the fuel cell is No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, no. 5, no. 6The fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are powered by current
Figure BDA0001299186020000066
Outputting constantly; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000067
When, divide into the following four cases: (1) if the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (2) if the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 4 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000068
Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell all have current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000069
When the constant fuel cell No. 1, the constant fuel cell No. 2, the constant fuel cell No. 3 and the constant fuel cell No. 4 are in the combination of current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000071
Outputting; (3) if the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (4) if the voltage of any one of the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000072
When the fuel cell is used, the No. 5 fuel cell is constant,No. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell are both powered by current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000073
When constant fuel cell No. 5, fuel cell No. 6, fuel cell No. 7 and fuel cell No. 8 are all in current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000074
Outputting;
limiting the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the output power variation value of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
Further, the step (7) comprises:
judgment of
Figure BDA0001299186020000075
Whether the result is true or not;
if so: when in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000076
When the current I is measured, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are all operated at the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting constantly; when in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000077
When the fuel cell is used, the current flows to the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell, the No. 4 fuel cell, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell, the No. 7 fuel cell and the No. 8 fuel cell
Figure BDA0001299186020000078
Outputting constantly;
if it is
Figure BDA0001299186020000079
The method is not true: no. 1 fuel cell,No. 2 fuel cell, no. 3 fuel cell, no. 4 fuel cell, no. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell, no. 7 fuel cell and No. 8 fuel cell all use electric current
Figure BDA0001299186020000081
Outputting constantly;
limiting the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the output power variation value of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
On the other hand, the invention also provides a control system for realizing the optimal efficiency interval of the fuel cell array, which comprises a fuel cell array system, a power generation control system and a load; the power supply output end of the fuel cell array system is connected to the power supply input end of a load, and the power generation control system is respectively connected to the fuel cell array system and the incoming line of the load;
the fuel cell array system comprises a plurality of fuel cell arrays which are connected in series with each other, wherein each fuel cell array comprises a plurality of fuel cells and converters which are cascaded with the fuel cells, and each converter is connected in parallel with each other;
the power generation control system comprises a power generation control unit of a fuel cell array and a collection conditioning circuit for collecting system voltage and current signals, collects fuel cell voltage and fuel cell current output by each fuel cell in the fuel cell array, collects converter voltage and converter current output by a converter cascaded with each fuel cell, collects load voltage and load current input by a load, and transmits signals to the power generation control unit of the fuel cell array; the fuel cell array power generation control unit is also connected to each of the inverters.
The power generation control system analyzes the working performance of the fuel cell by processing and acquiring voltage and current signals fed back by the conditioning circuit; when the working performance of one unit in the array is reduced to some extent, the working state of the unit can be changed or the fuel cell is cut off, and the shortage part is supplemented by the rest units, so that the stability of the system is effectively improved.
Further, the fuel cell array power generation control unit comprises an FPGA controller, an AD conversion circuit and a PWM control circuit, the FPGA controller is respectively connected with the AD conversion circuit and the PWM control circuit, the AD conversion circuit is connected with the acquisition conditioning circuit, and the PWM control circuit is connected to each converter.
The invention has more voltage and current signals to be collected, and utilizes the advantages of more peripheral interfaces of the FPGA controller and random configuration; after the large voltage and the current are conditioned by the collecting and conditioning circuit, the large voltage and the current are collected into the FPGA controller by the AD conversion circuit, and by utilizing the advantage of high calculation speed, the PWM control circuit starts to work after the data are processed by the control algorithm to control the converter, thereby realizing the purpose of controlling the power generation of the fuel cell.
Further, the fuel cell array power generation system includes two fuel cell arrays, each of which includes four fuel cells, each of which is provided with a respective converter.
Further, the converter is a direct-current Boost converter with an interleaved parallel topology structure.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
the invention relates to a fuel cell array control method based on an optimal power interval; the working performance of the fuel cell, the net working efficiency of the system, the output variation range of the fuel cell and the like are taken as main consideration objects, so that the working stability and the safety coefficient of the system are increased;
the invention monitors the conditions of voltage, current and the like output by each fuel cell in real time, analyzes the working performance of the fuel cell according to the measured signal and controls each unit in the fuel cell array to be in the optimal working state on the premise of meeting the power requirement; each unit in the fuel cell array is ensured to be in the optimal working state, the starting and stopping frequency of the fuel cell is effectively reduced, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, and the system cost is reduced;
the control method provided by the invention considers the net work efficiency of the system, and on the premise of reducing the starting and stopping frequency of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is enabled to work in a high-efficiency interval as much as possible according to the actual situation, so that the hydrogen energy is utilized to the maximum extent to save resources, the purpose of fuel economy is realized, the cost is reduced, and the stability and the safety are improved;
the control method provided by the invention considers that the positive fluctuation and the negative fluctuation of the output electric energy of the fuel cell are both in a certain range, sets the maximum fluctuation range of the positive fluctuation and the negative fluctuation, and combines the power requirement of a system to match each unit in an array to be in the optimal working state; the output state of the fuel cell is smoothly switched according to the performance of the fuel cell, the output forward mutation and the output reverse mutation are ensured to be within an acceptable range, the service life of the fuel cell is effectively prolonged, and the system cost is reduced;
the control method provided by the invention considers that the efficiency of the fuel cell is extremely low when the fuel cell operates in a low current state, and meanwhile, the repeated start and stop of the fuel cell is not beneficial to prolonging the service life of the fuel cell; and an optimal power distribution algorithm is formed, and the start-stop frequency of the fuel cell is reduced.
The invention can improve the working efficiency of the system, the performance and the service life of the fuel cell, and the like, and is suitable for the fuel cell array device and the control method in high-voltage and high-power application occasions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a control method for achieving an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a control method for implementing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system for implementing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein 100 is a fuel cell array system, 200 is a power generation control system, and 300 is a load; 001 and 002 are fuel cell arrays, 003 is an acquisition conditioning circuit, and 004 is a power generation control unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention provides a control method for realizing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array, comprising the steps of:
s100, collecting fuel cell voltage and fuel cell current output by each fuel cell in a fuel cell array, collecting converter voltage and converter current output by a converter cascaded with each fuel cell, and collecting load voltage and load current input by a load;
s200, performing data fitting on the fuel cell voltage, the fuel cell current, the load voltage, the load current, the converter voltage and the converter current to obtain a fuel cell efficiency current curve and a fuel cell power current curve;
s300, according to the efficiency current curve of the fuel cell, setting the maximum power current I of the fuel cell P_max Maximum power P of fuel cell FC_max And maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max A value of (d); setting the maximum efficiency current I of the fuel cell according to the power current curve of the fuel cell E_max And maximum efficiency power of fuel cell
Figure BDA0001299186020000101
A value of (d); according to maximum efficiency current I of fuel cell E_max Setting a maximum efficiency ripple current Δ I of a fuel cell E A value of (d); based on the maximum efficiency power of the fuel cell->
Figure BDA0001299186020000102
Setting the maximum efficiency fluctuation power DeltaP of the fuel cell E A value of (d); the values set above need to satisfy the constraint: i is E_max +ΔI E -I P_max ＜I P_max *2％、/>
Figure BDA0001299186020000103
Setting system bus voltage V according to system requirements bus And the maximum power P required by the load load_max Wherein the maximum power required by the load is satisfied
Figure BDA0001299186020000104
Setting the maximum positive fluctuation power Delta P of the fuel cell according to the characteristics of the fuel cell P_max And maximum reverse fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell N_max A value of (d);
s400 according to the maximum power P of the fuel cell FC_max Maximum efficiency power of fuel cell
Figure BDA0001299186020000105
And maximum efficiency fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell E Dividing the load power P load A range of (d); according to the maximum power current I of the fuel cell in different divided ranges P_max Maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Maximum efficiency current I of fuel cell E_max Maximum efficiency fluctuation current Delta I of fuel cell E Maximum positive fluctuation power delta P of fuel cell P_max Maximum reverse fluctuation power DeltaP of fuel cell N_max System operating voltage V bus And/or load demand maximum power P load_max And determining the working condition of the converter cascaded by each fuel cell in each fuel cell array so as to control the output state of the fuel cell array.
The step S400 includes the steps of:
s410 according to the system working voltage V bus First, the output voltage of converter No. 1 cascaded with fuel cell No. 1 and the output voltage of converter No. 5 cascaded with fuel cell No. 5 are set to be constant
Figure BDA0001299186020000111
S420 detecting load power P load ：
(1) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000112
Starting the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell to equally divide the load power;
(2) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000113
Determining the working conditions of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell according to the voltages of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell;
the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(21) If only the voltage of the No. 1 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 2 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; and constant No. 1 fuel cell with current I E_max -ΔI E Output, no. 5 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting constantly;
(22) If the voltage of only No. 5 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Starting No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; constant No. 5 fuel cell with current I E_max -ΔI E Output, no. 1 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting constantly;
(23) If the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell and No. 5 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Starting No. 2 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; constant No. 1 fuel cell and No. 5 fuel cell are both with current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting;
(24) If the above states are not satisfied, the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell are kept at the maximum power current I of the fuel cell P_max Outputting;
in addition, when the load demand power increases, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the forward fluctuation power Δ P of the fuel cell P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
(3) When the temperature is higher than the set temperature
Figure BDA0001299186020000121
When the power is insufficient, starting the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; while the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell are both constant with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting;
(4) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000122
When it is time, the fuel cell No. 1, the fuel cell No. 2, the fuel cell No. 5 and the fuel cell No. 6 are started and all are current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000123
Outputting constantly;
(5) When in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000124
The voltage of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 2 fuel cell, and the voltage of the No. 5 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell; determining the working conditions of a No. 1 fuel cell, a No. 2 fuel cell, a No. 3 fuel cell, a No. 5 fuel cell, a No. 6 fuel cell and a No. 7 fuel cell;
the step (5) comprises the following steps:
(51) If the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell and No. 2 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell and No. 2 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting;
(52) If the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 2 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max (ii) a Starting No. 3 fuel cell to supplement system power shortage when
Figure BDA0001299186020000125
Constant No. 1 and No. 2 fuel cells are powered by current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000126
When the current is greater than the preset value, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all in the current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000131
Outputting constantly;
(53) If the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 and No. 6 fuel cells and fuel cellMaximum power current I P_max Outputting;
(54) If any one of the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 7 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; when in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000132
While, the No. 5 and No. 6 fuel cells are constant with current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000133
When the current is greater than or equal to the current value, the number 5 fuel cell, the number 6 fuel cell and the number 7 fuel cell are all in the current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000134
Outputting constantly;
wherein the limiting of the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
When 4P is present FC_max ＜P load ≤6P FC_max When the power is insufficient, starting the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power;
the step (6) comprises the following steps:
judgment of
Figure BDA0001299186020000135
Whether the result is true or not;
if so, when
Figure BDA0001299186020000136
When the current I is applied to No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell, no. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell E_max -ΔI E Outputting constantly; when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000137
When, fuel cell No. 1, fuel cell No. 2Cell, fuel cell # 3, fuel cell # 5, fuel cell # 6, and fuel cell # 7 are all current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000138
Outputting constantly; when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000139
When, divide into the following four cases: (1) if the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (2) if the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 4 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000141
When the current I is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all connected with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000142
When the current is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 4 fuel cell are all powered by the current
Figure BDA0001299186020000143
Outputting; (3) if the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (4) if the voltage of any one of the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000144
Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell all have current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000145
When the current is constant, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell, the No. 7 fuel cell and the No. 8 fuel cell are all output with current.
If it is
Figure BDA0001299186020000146
The method is not true: when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000147
When the fuel cell is selected, the fuel cell No. 1, the fuel cell No. 2, the fuel cell No. 3, or the combination thereof>
Figure BDA0001299186020000148
The No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell all take on the current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000149
Outputting constantly; when/is>
Figure BDA00012991860200001410
When, divide into the following four cases: (1) if the voltage of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (2) if the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 4 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000151
Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell all have current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when +>
Figure BDA0001299186020000152
When constant fuel cell No. 1, fuel cell No. 2, fuel cell No. 3 and fuel cell No. 4 all pick up the current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000153
Outputting; (3) if the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (4) if the voltage of any one of the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000154
When the current I is constant, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are all provided with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure BDA0001299186020000155
When the constant No. 5 fuel cell, the constant No. 6 fuel cell, the constant No. 7 fuel cell and the constant No. 8 fuel cell are in the combination of current->
Figure BDA0001299186020000156
Outputting;
limiting the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the output power variation value of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
(7) When 6P is present FC_max ＜P load ≤P load_max When starting, the No. 4 fuel cell and the No. 8 fuel cell complement the shortage power.
The step (7) comprises the following steps:
judgment of
Figure BDA0001299186020000161
Whether the result is true;
if so: when in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000162
When the current is I, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are all in the same type E_max -ΔI E Outputting constantly; when in use
Figure BDA0001299186020000163
When the fuel cell is used, the number 1 fuel cell, the number 2 fuel cell, the number 3 fuel cell, the number 4 fuel cell, the number 5 fuel cell, the number 6 fuel cell, the number 7 fuel cell and the number 8 fuel cell are all powered by current
Figure BDA0001299186020000164
Outputting constantly;
if it is
Figure BDA0001299186020000165
The method is not true: no. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell, no. 3 fuel cell, no. 4 fuel cell, no. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell, no. 7 fuel cell and No. 8 fuel cell all receive electric current
Figure BDA0001299186020000166
Outputting constantly;
limiting the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
In order to cooperate with the implementation of the method of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a control system for implementing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array, comprising a fuel cell array system 100, a power generation control system 200 and a load 300; the power output end of the fuel cell array system 100 is connected to the power input end of the load 300, and the power generation control system 200 is respectively connected to the fuel cell array system 100 and the incoming line of the load 300;
the fuel cell array system 100 includes a plurality of fuel cell arrays 001 and 002 connected in series with each other, the fuel cell array including a plurality of fuel cells and inverters connected in cascade with the fuel cells, each inverter being connected in parallel with each other;
the power generation control system 200 comprises a fuel cell array power generation control unit 004 and an acquisition conditioning circuit 003 for acquiring system voltage and current signals, acquires fuel cell voltage and fuel cell current output by each fuel cell in the fuel cell arrays 001 and 002, acquires converter voltage and converter current output by a converter cascaded with each fuel cell, acquires load voltage and load current input by a load 300, and transmits signals to the fuel cell array power generation control unit 004; the fuel cell array generation control unit 004 is also connected to each converter.
The power generation control system 200 analyzes the working performance of the fuel cell by processing and acquiring voltage and current signals fed back by the conditioning circuit 003; when the working performance of one unit in the array is reduced to some extent, the working state of the unit can be changed or the fuel cell is cut off, and the shortage part is supplemented by the rest units, so that the stability of the system is effectively improved.
As an optimized solution of the above embodiment, the fuel cell array power generation control unit 004 includes an FPGA controller, an AD conversion circuit, and a PWM control circuit, the FPGA controller is connected to the AD conversion circuit and the PWM control circuit, the AD conversion circuit is connected to the acquisition conditioning circuit 003, and the PWM control circuit is connected to each converter.
The invention has more voltage and current signals to be collected, and utilizes the advantages of more peripheral interfaces of the FPGA controller and arbitrary configuration; after the large voltage and the current are conditioned by the collecting and conditioning circuit 003, the large voltage and the current are collected into the FPGA controller by the AD conversion circuit, and by utilizing the advantage of high calculation speed, the PWM control circuit starts to work after the data are processed by a control algorithm to control the converter, thereby realizing the purpose of controlling the power generation of the fuel cell.
As a preferable aspect of the above embodiment, the fuel cell array power generation system includes two fuel cell arrays 001 and 002 each including four fuel cells in each of the fuel cell arrays 001 and 002, each having a respective inverter provided thereon.
The converter is a direct Boost converter with an interleaved parallel topological structure.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. A control method for achieving an optimum efficiency interval for a fuel cell array, comprising the steps of:
s100, collecting fuel cell voltage and fuel cell current output by each fuel cell in a fuel cell array, collecting converter voltage and converter current output by a converter cascaded with each fuel cell, and collecting load voltage and load current input by a load;
s200, performing data fitting on the fuel cell voltage, the fuel cell current, the load voltage, the load current, the converter voltage and the converter current to obtain a fuel cell efficiency current curve and a fuel cell power current curve;
s300, according to the efficiency current curve of the fuel cell, setting the maximum power current I of the fuel cell P_max Maximum power P of fuel cell FC_max And maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max A value of (d); setting the maximum efficiency current I of the fuel cell according to the power current curve of the fuel cell E_max And maximum efficiency power of fuel cell
Figure FDA0004094396340000011
A value of (d); according to maximum efficiency current I of fuel cell E_max Setting the maximum efficiency fluctuation current Delta I of the fuel cell E A value of (d); based on the maximum efficiency power of the fuel cell->
Figure FDA0004094396340000012
Setting the maximum efficiency fluctuation power DeltaP of the fuel cell E A value of (d); the values set above need to satisfy the constraint: i is E_max +ΔI E -I P_max ＜I P_max *2% and +>
Figure FDA0004094396340000013
Setting system bus voltage V according to system requirements bus And the load demands the maximum power P load_max Wherein the maximum power required by the load is satisfied
Figure FDA0004094396340000014
Setting the maximum positive fluctuation power Delta P of the fuel cell according to the characteristics of the fuel cell P_max And maximum reverse fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell N_max A value of (d);
s400 according to the maximum power P of the fuel cell FC_max Maximum efficiency power of fuel cell
Figure FDA0004094396340000015
And maximum efficiency fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell E Dividing the load power P load A range of (d); according to the maximum power current I of the fuel cell in different divided ranges P_max Maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Maximum efficiency current I of fuel cell E_max Maximum efficiency fluctuation current Delta I of fuel cell E Maximum positive fluctuation power delta P of fuel cell P_max Maximum reverse fluctuation power Δ P of fuel cell N_max System operating voltage V bus And/or load demand maximum power P load_max Determining the shift of each fuel cell cascade in each fuel cell arrayThe operating conditions of the device, thereby controlling the output state of the fuel cell array;
the step S400 includes the steps of:
s410, firstly, the output voltage of the converter No. 1 cascaded with the fuel cell No. 1 and the output voltage of the converter No. 5 cascaded with the fuel cell No. 5 are set to be constant
Figure FDA0004094396340000021
S420 detecting load power P load ：
(1) When in use
Figure FDA0004094396340000022
Starting the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell to equally divide the load power;
(2) When the temperature is higher than the set temperature
Figure FDA0004094396340000023
Determining the working conditions of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell according to the voltages of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell;
the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(21) If only the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 2 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; and constant No. 1 fuel cell with current I E_max -ΔI E Output, no. 5 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting constantly;
(22) If the voltage of only No. 5 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Starting No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; constant No. 5 fuel cell with current I E_max -ΔI E Output, no. 1 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting constantly;
(23) If the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell and No. 5 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Starting No. 2 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; constant No. 1 fuel cell and No. 5 fuel cell are both with current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting;
(24) If the above states are not satisfied, the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell are kept at the maximum power current I of the fuel cell P_max Outputting;
in addition, when the load demand power increases, the fuel cell output power variation value is restricted to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the output power variation value of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max ；
(3) When the temperature is higher than the set temperature
Figure FDA0004094396340000031
When the power is insufficient, starting the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; while the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 5 fuel cell are both constant with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting;
(4) When in use
Figure FDA0004094396340000032
When the fuel cell is started, the fuel cell No. 1, the fuel cell No. 2, the fuel cell No. 5 and the fuel cell No. 6 are started and all the current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000033
Outputting constantly;
(5) When in use
Figure FDA0004094396340000034
The voltage of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 2 fuel cell, and the voltage of the No. 5 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell; determining the working conditions of a No. 1 fuel cell, a No. 2 fuel cell, a No. 3 fuel cell, a No. 5 fuel cell, a No. 6 fuel cell and a No. 7 fuel cell;
the step (5) comprises the following steps:
(51) If the voltage of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 2 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell and No. 2 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting;
(52) If the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell and the No. 2 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max (ii) a Starting No. 3 fuel cell to supplement system power shortage when
Figure FDA0004094396340000035
While keeping the No. 1 and No. 2 fuel cells constant with current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when +>
Figure FDA0004094396340000036
When the fuel cell is used, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all subjected to current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000037
Outputting constantly;
(53) If the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell and No. 6 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 and No. 6 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting;
(54) If any one of the No. 5 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell is lower than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 7 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power; when in use
Figure FDA0004094396340000038
While, the No. 5 and No. 6 fuel cells are constant with current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when +>
Figure FDA0004094396340000041
When the current is greater than or equal to the current value, the number 5 fuel cell, the number 6 fuel cell and the number 7 fuel cell are all in the current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000042
Outputting constantly;
wherein the limiting of the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the temperature is higher than the set temperatureWhen the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max ；
(6) When 4P is present FC_max ＜P load ≤6P FC_max When the fuel cell is started, the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are started to supplement the shortage power;
the step (6) comprises the following steps:
judgment of
Figure FDA0004094396340000043
Whether the result is true;
if so, when
Figure FDA0004094396340000044
When the fuel cell is used, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 5 fuel cell and the No. 6 fuel cell are all powered by the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting constantly; when +>
Figure FDA0004094396340000045
When the fuel cell is used, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell all use current
Figure FDA0004094396340000046
Outputting constantly; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000047
When, divide into the following four cases: (1) if the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (2) if the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 4 fuel cell to supplement the system power shortage; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000048
When the current I is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all connected with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000051
When the current is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 4 fuel cell are all powered by the current
Figure FDA0004094396340000052
Outputting; (3) if the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (4) if the voltage of any one of the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the system power shortage; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000053
When the current I is constant, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are all provided with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000054
When constant fuel cell No. 5, fuel cell No. 6, fuel cell No. 7 and fuel cell No. 8 are all in current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000055
Outputting;
if it is
Figure FDA0004094396340000056
The method is not true: when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000057
When the fuel cell is selected, the fuel cell No. 1, the fuel cell No. 2, the fuel cell No. 3, the fuel cell No. 5, the fuel cell No. 6 and the fuel cell No. 7 are all judged to be in the current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000058
Outputting constantly; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000059
When, divide into the following four cases: (1) if the voltage of No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell and No. 3 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (2) if the voltage of any one of the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 4 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000061
When the current I is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell and the No. 3 fuel cell are all connected with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000062
When the current is constant, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell and the No. 4 fuel cell all adopt the current
Figure FDA0004094396340000063
Outputting; (3) if the voltage of No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell is equal to the maximum power voltage V of fuel cell P_max Constant No. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell and No. 7 fuel cell with maximum fuel cell power current I P_max Outputting; (4) if the voltage of any one of the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell is less than the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell P_max Starting No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the system power; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000064
When the current I is constant, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are all provided with the current I E_max -ΔI E Outputting; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000065
When constant fuel cell No. 5, fuel cell No. 6, fuel cell No. 7 and fuel cell No. 8 are all in current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000066
Outputting;
limiting the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the change value of the output power of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max ；
(7) When 6P is present FC_max ＜P load ≤P load_max When the power is insufficient, starting the No. 4 fuel cell and the No. 8 fuel cell to supplement the shortage power;
the step (7) comprises the following steps:
judgment of
Figure FDA0004094396340000067
Whether the result is true or not;
if so: when in use
Figure FDA0004094396340000068
When the current is I, the No. 1 fuel cell, the No. 2 fuel cell, the No. 3 fuel cell, the No. 5 fuel cell, the No. 6 fuel cell and the No. 7 fuel cell are all in the same type E_max -ΔI E Outputting constantly; when/is>
Figure FDA0004094396340000071
When the fuel cell is No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, no. 4, no. 5, no. 6, no. 7The cell and the fuel cell # 8 are both current pick-up>
Figure FDA0004094396340000072
Outputting constantly;
if it is
Figure FDA0004094396340000073
The method is not true: no. 1 fuel cell, no. 2 fuel cell, no. 3 fuel cell, no. 4 fuel cell, no. 5 fuel cell, no. 6 fuel cell, no. 7 fuel cell and No. 8 fuel cell all in combination with current->
Figure FDA0004094396340000074
Outputting constantly;
limiting the fuel cell output power variation value to be smaller than the fuel cell forward fluctuation power Δ P when the load demand power increases P_max (ii) a When the load demand power is reduced, the output power variation value of the fuel cell is limited to be smaller than the reverse fluctuation power delta P of the fuel cell N_max 。
2. A control system for realizing an optimal efficiency interval of a fuel cell array, which is characterized in that the control method for realizing the optimal efficiency interval of the fuel cell array based on claim 1 comprises a fuel cell array system (100), a power generation control system (200) and a load (300); the power supply output end of the fuel cell array system (100) is connected to the power supply input end of a load (300), and the power generation control system (200) is respectively connected to the fuel cell array system (100) and the inlet wire of the load (300);
the fuel cell array system (100) includes a plurality of fuel cell arrays (001) (002) connected in series with each other, the fuel cell arrays including a plurality of fuel cells and inverters cascaded with the fuel cells, each inverter being connected in parallel with each other;
the power generation control system (200) comprises a fuel cell array power generation control unit (004) and a collection conditioning circuit (003) for collecting system voltage and current signals, collecting fuel cell voltage and fuel cell current output by each fuel cell in a fuel cell array (001) (002), collecting converter voltage and converter current output by a converter cascaded with each fuel cell, collecting load voltage and load current input by a load (300), and transmitting the signals to the fuel cell array power generation control unit (004); the fuel cell array power generation control unit (004) is also connected to each converter.
3. The control system for realizing the optimal efficiency interval of the fuel cell array according to claim 2, wherein the power generation control unit (004) of the fuel cell array comprises an FPGA controller, an AD conversion circuit and a PWM control circuit, the FPGA controller is respectively connected with the AD conversion circuit and the PWM control circuit, the AD conversion circuit is connected with the collection conditioning circuit (003), and the PWM control circuit is connected with each converter.
4. A control system for achieving an optimum efficiency interval for a fuel cell array as claimed in claim 3 wherein the fuel cell array power generation system comprises two fuel cell arrays (001) (002) each comprising four fuel cells each having a respective inverter disposed thereon.
5. The control system for realizing the optimal efficiency interval of the fuel cell array according to claim 4, wherein the converter is a direct-direct Boost converter with an interleaved parallel topology.
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