CN107370178B - Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter maximum power tracking control method with inverted droop characteristic - Google Patents
Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter maximum power tracking control method with inverted droop characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- H02J3/385—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention provides a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with an inverted droop characteristic. The method is realized by the following steps: sampling the frequency of the system in real time; sampling the magnitude of the output power of the direct current side and comparing the magnitude with the magnitude of the output power of a frequency loop with an inverted droop characteristic; and when the output power of the frequency loop is lower, entering an inverted droop working mode, and outputting the power to the outside by the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to inverted droop control characteristics, otherwise, controlling the output power to the outside according to maximum power tracking. The method is simple to implement and can effectively support the system frequency, so that the method has obvious advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, in particular to a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which has the advantages of inverted droop characteristic and capability of carrying out amplitude limiting on output active power.
Background
The active power output by the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter can cause great disturbance to the system frequency under the condition of high grid-connected permeability, so that the system frequency changes, and therefore, the method has very important research value on how to enable the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to have the function of stabilizing the system frequency. The droop control can effectively maintain the stability of the system frequency, so that the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with the droop characteristic is a new research direction in the field of power electronics. In related research, there are documents, "Mingmei distributed Power generation microgrid technical control strategy research [ D ]. university of fertilizer Industry, 2009.," Godoy R B, Bizarro D B, Andrade E T D, et al, Procedure to date to the dynamic Response of MPPT and Droop-Controlled micro inverters [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2015, PP (99):1-1., "GeneKing, Dongshan, Zhou, et al, photovoltaic Power active reduction strategy research [ J ]. electromechanical engineering, 2015,32(6):863-867.," Beam City, Pannian, ceramic Lei. 2016:1-5 & study on photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control strategy with limited power control in chu icy, kan, zhangzhou [ J ]. automation and instrumentation, 2017, (5) ], etc.
The literature, "jinming," study of control strategies for microgrid technology in distributed power generation [ D ], "university of fertilizer industry," 2009, "clearly gives a definition of an inverted droop control strategy, but the implementation does not comprehensively consider the output power of the photovoltaic module on the direct current side under the action of a maximum power tracking control algorithm. Documents Godoy R B, Bizarro D B, Andrad E T D, actual. procedure to Match the Dynamic Response of MPPT and Droop-controlled microorganisms [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications,2015, PP (99):1-1 ] although the output power of the photovoltaic module on the direct current side under the action of the maximum power tracking control algorithm is considered, the control link is added, so that the relevant parameters of the system are set to be complicated, and secondly, the basis of the literature research is still a Droop control strategy, and compared with an inverted Droop control strategy, the stability of the Droop control strategy on the frequency is not greatly facilitated. Literature, wang li cheng, wen dong shan, zhou bin, etc. research on photovoltaic power active reduction strategy in power distribution networks [ J ] electromechanical engineering, 2015,32(6):863 and 867 ] is to actively reduce photovoltaic output power so as not to influence power grid tide distribution when the illumination intensity is high at noon, and ensure that the problems of voltage, tide out-of-limit, and the like are not generated at the peak stage of photovoltaic output, but the mode only controls the output peak, rather than adjusts on the basis of design capacity, has certain limitation, and does not comprehensively consider the working stability of photovoltaic modules in actual use. In the patent of Liangcheng, Pannian, Doulei, a distributed photovoltaic inverter system and a power control method thereof, CN106026172A [ P ] 2016, lacks direct and definite mathematical relationship, and is difficult to reproduce the results. The document Guo Y, Chen L, Li K, et al.A novel control protocol for station-side online photovoltaic system based on visual Synchronous Generator [ C ]// IEEE Power and Energy Society General meeting. IEEE,2016:1-5. the stable region of the output Power curve of the photovoltaic module is analyzed, and the stable region on the right side of the maximum Power point is obtained, but the control structure mentioned above needs to meet certain conditions and cannot ensure that the system can always operate in the stable region. In literature, "chu icy, kan of king, zhangzhou." study on control strategy of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with limited power control [ J ]. automation and instrumentation, 2017 (5.) simply set up a limited power algorithm, neglecting analysis on stability of photovoltaic module when outputting power, that is, lacking analysis on stability of left and right sides of photovoltaic output power curve, it may cause control instability. The above documents suffer from the following disadvantages:
1) no feasible control strategy is proposed;
2) whether the system is unstable due to the adjustment of the output power of the photovoltaic system under the proposed corresponding control strategy is not considered;
2) the control system is complex in design, so that original related parameters of the system are changed, setting adjustment needs to be carried out again, the process of maximum power tracking cannot be analyzed, and the photovoltaic module cannot be guaranteed to work in a stable area all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to ensure that the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has the droop characteristic within the maximum output power range by controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, so that the requirement of stable operation of a photovoltaic module can be ensured while the system frequency is supported. The invention provides a simple and accurate maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with a droop characteristic.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with an inverted droop characteristic. The adopted technical scheme is as follows: on the basis of a model of a traditional photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, a frequency loop control module based on an inverted droop control strategy is built to obtain an expected active power output value, an improved maximum power tracking control algorithm module is entered to realize control over output power, and the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has a function of supporting system frequency stability.
The invention aims to realize the purpose, and provides a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with an inverted droop characteristic, which comprises the following steps of data acquisition of output voltage, current and grid frequency of a photovoltaic module:
step 1, setting the last sampling period as (k-1), the current sampling period as k, and sampling the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) The present output current Idc(k) And a current grid frequency ω (k);
step 2, obtaining the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic module according to the sampling in the step 1dc(k) And an output current Idc(k) Calculating the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic module according to the following formuladc(k)：
Pdc(k)＝Vdc(k)×Idc(k)
Step 3, calculating according to the current power grid frequency omega (k) obtained by sampling in the step 1 and the following formula to obtain the output active power expected value P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter*：
Wherein k ispIs the droop coefficient of the grid frequency, k is the ratio coefficient of droop to sag, omega*For the rated frequency, P, of the power gridemThen it is the active power given term;
step 4, obtaining the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic module obtained in the step 2dc(k) And 3, obtaining the output active power expected value P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter*Making a comparison if P*＞Pdc(k) Then control is performed according to step 5, if P is*≤Pdc(k) Controlling according to the step 8;
step 5, the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the actual output power P of the photovoltaic module obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparing, if Pdc(k)>Pdc(k-1), then go to step 6; if Pdc(k)≤Pdc(k-1), go to step 7;
step 6, outputting the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparison, if Vdc(k)＞Vdc(k-1), then the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) Increasing a voltage step length, otherwise, reducing a voltage step length, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period;
step 7, outputting the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparison, if Vdc(k)＞Vdc(k-1), then the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) Reducing the voltage step length, otherwise, increasing the voltage step length, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period;
step 8, outputting the voltage V at the current output of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And adding a voltage step, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method has the advantages that the correlation between the output power of the inverter and the output power of the photovoltaic module on the direct current side under the action of the maximum power tracking control algorithm is fully considered, and the support to the system frequency in a certain range can be well realized on the basis of the active power instruction value given by the inverted droop control strategy;
2) the method does not need complex parameters, has simple and accurate model, and does not change the original parameter setting of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a modeling topological diagram of a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with an inverted droop characteristic according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method set forth herein;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparative effect of whether the method is used when the system load changes;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the comparative effect of whether the method is used when the environmental condition of the photovoltaic module is changed.
Detailed Description
The example takes a 500kW grid-connected inverter system in simulation software Matlab/Simulink as an example, and illustrates a maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with a droop characteristic. The procedure of this example is as follows.
Firstly, a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter modeling topological structure provided by the invention is built in simulation software Matlab/Simulink according to figure 1. An inverter simulation model is formed by using a Universal bridge and a capacitance-inductance module, and the switching frequency omega of a grid-connected inverter in the inverter simulation modelsw6000 π rad/s, fundamental frequency ω0100 π rad/s, using LCL filtering, L1Is 0.1mH, L20.05mH, C200. mu.F, RdAnd 0.07 omega. The direct current side of the inverter simulation model is connected with a photovoltaic module, and the initial value U of the voltage of the direct current sidedcSet to 650V. A synchronous generator is used for forming a power grid simulation model which is connected to the alternating current side of an inverter simulation model, and the effective value U of the power grid line voltage in the power grid simulation modelp380V. The direct current side adopts a photovoltaic module and bus capacitor mode, and the specific parameters of the photovoltaic module under the standard test condition of the ground photovoltaic module are as follows: its open circuit voltage VocIs 825V, maximum power point voltage Vm668.8V, short-circuit current Isc820.8A, maximum workRate point current Im770.4A, corresponding to a maximum power of 515 kW. The selected dc bus capacitance is 0.15F.
Secondly, a flow chart of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter maximum power tracking control method with the droop characteristic is shown in fig. 2, the selected voltage step is 0.5V, and the detailed implementation process is as follows:
step 1, setting the last sampling period as (k-1), the current sampling period as k, and sampling the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) The present output current Idc(k) And a current grid frequency ω (k);
step 2, obtaining the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic module according to the sampling in the step 1dc(k) And an output current Idc(k) Calculating the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic module according to the following formuladc(k)：
Pdc(k)＝Vdc(k)×Idc(k)
Step 3, calculating according to the current power grid frequency omega (k) obtained by sampling in the step 1 and the following formula to obtain the output active power expected value P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter*：
Wherein k ispIs the droop coefficient of the grid frequency, k is the ratio coefficient of droop to sag, omega*For the rated frequency, P, of the power gridemIt is the active power given. In this embodiment, take kp＝3，k＝0.001，ω*＝100πrad/s，Pem＝500kW。
Step 4, obtaining the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic module obtained in the step 2dc(k) And 3, obtaining the output active power expected value P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter*Making a comparison if P*＞Pdc(k) Then control is performed according to step 5, if P is*≤Pdc(k) Controlling according to the step 8;
step 5, the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And last sampling period is obtainedActual output power P of photovoltaic moduledc(k-1) comparing, if Pdc(k)>Pdc(k-1), then go to step 6; if Pdc(k)≤Pdc(k-1), go to step 7;
step 6, outputting the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparison, if Vdc(k)＞Vdc(k-1), then the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) Increasing a voltage step length, otherwise, reducing a voltage step length, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period;
step 7, outputting the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparison, if Vdc(k)＞Vdc(k-1), then the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) Reducing the voltage step length, otherwise, increasing the voltage step length, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period;
step 8, outputting the voltage V at the current output of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And adding a voltage step, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period.
And changing the load carried by the system at different time points to observe the actual effect of the method. Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of whether the maximum power tracking control method is used. Fig. 4 shows the response effect of the system frequency after the environmental condition of the photovoltaic module is changed. The method can obtain the result theoretically expected by simulating different change conditions, thereby proving the effectiveness of the method.
In conclusion, the method is simple to implement, only the rated power of the inverter needs to be known, the required sag factor needs to be given simply, and certain feasibility is achieved.
Claims (1)
1. A maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with a droop characteristic comprises data acquisition of output voltage, current and power grid frequency of a photovoltaic module, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting the last sampling period as (k-1), the current sampling period as k, and sampling the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) The present output current Idc(k) And a current grid frequency ω (k);
step 2, obtaining the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic module according to the sampling in the step 1dc(k) And an output current Idc(k) Calculating the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic module according to the following formuladc(k)：
Pdc(k)＝Vdc(k)×Idc(k)
Step 3, calculating according to the current power grid frequency omega (k) obtained by sampling in the step 1 and the following formula to obtain the output active power expected value P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter*：
Wherein k ispDroop coefficient, k, for the grid frequencyrFor the sag to sag proportionality coefficient, omega*For the rated frequency, P, of the power gridemThen it is the active power given term;
step 4, obtaining the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic module obtained in the step 2dc(k) And 3, obtaining the output active power expected value P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter*Making a comparison if P*＞Pdc(k) Then control is performed according to step 5, if P is*≤Pdc(k) Controlling according to the step 8;
step 5, the current actual output power P of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the actual output power P of the photovoltaic module obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparing, if Pdc(k)＞Pdc(k-1), then go to step 6; if Pdc(k)≤Pdc(k-1), go to step 7;
step 6, outputting the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparison, if Vdc(k)＞Vdc(k-1), thenAt the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) Increasing a voltage step length, otherwise, reducing a voltage step length, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period;
step 7, outputting the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained in the last sampling perioddc(k-1) comparison, if Vdc(k)＞Vdc(k-1), then the current output voltage V of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) Reducing the voltage step length, otherwise, increasing the voltage step length, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period;
step 8, outputting the voltage V at the current output of the photovoltaic moduledc(k) And adding a voltage step, and then returning to the step 1 to enter the control of the next period.
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