CN106450104A - Novel positive electrode isolation layer applied to lithium-sulfur battery, and preparation method for novel positive electrode isolation layer - Google Patents
Novel positive electrode isolation layer applied to lithium-sulfur battery, and preparation method for novel positive electrode isolation layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106450104A CN106450104A CN201610877256.XA CN201610877256A CN106450104A CN 106450104 A CN106450104 A CN 106450104A CN 201610877256 A CN201610877256 A CN 201610877256A CN 106450104 A CN106450104 A CN 106450104A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to an isolation layer applied to a lithium-sulfur battery, and a preparation method for the isolation layer. According to the preparation method, metal oxide is attached to fiber surface of bacterial cellulose to be carbonized to obtain a novel positive electrode isolation layer. The isolation layer can be used between a positive electrode and a diaphragm of the lithium-sulfur battery to well suppress shuttling of polysulfide ions, and the metal oxide in the isolation layer also can adsorb the polysulfide ions; and meanwhile, the metal oxide also has certain catalytic action on the redox reaction of the lithium-sulfur battery, so that an important role in improving the cycling performance of the lithium-sulfur battery is played.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel anode interlayer being applied in lithium-sulfur cell and preparation method thereof, belong to electrochmical power source
Field.
Background technology
Today's society energy crisis is increasingly severe, the demand more and more higher to new forms of energy for the people;With electric automobile, shifting
The development of dynamic portable set, the also more and more higher of the requirement to secondary cell.Lithium-sulfur cell has because of its active material elemental sulfur
Height ratio capacity (1675mAh/g) and high-energy-density (2600Wh/kg), and elemental sulfur has aboundresources, with low cost, environment
Friendly, safe and reliable the advantages of, have wide research and application prospect.However, lithium-sulfur cell active material poorly conductive, fill
, there is side reaction with negative metal lithium, produce and shuttle in easily dissolving, the diffusion in the electrolytic solution of discharge process intermediate product polysulfide
Effect, ultimately results in the rapid decay of cycle performance of battery.
Dissolving in order to solve lithium-sulfur cell intermediate product polysulfide in cyclic process is spread, and suppresses " shuttle ", section
The personnel of grinding take numerous effective methods.Positive electrode aspect, employ sulphur/carbon be combined, sulphur/polymer be combined etc. mode pair
Sulphur positive pole is modified, by improving electric conductivity and improving following of lithium-sulfur cell to a certain extent to the solidification of sulphur simple substance
Ring performance, for example:Nazar etc. passes through the compound of sulphur and mesoporous carbon, limits the migration of polysulfide using mesopore orbit, effectively carries
Rise cycle performance (Jix, Lee KT, the Nazar LF.Nat Mater.2009 of lithium-sulfur cell;8(6):500-6.);Barrier film side
Face, by coating one layer of conductive carbon in positive extreme direction, and mixes a certain proportion of adhesive it is reinforced with formation protective layer, stop
Polysulfide, and form " double-deck collector " with aluminium foil, effectively reduce the internal resistance of cell, thus lifting multiplying power and the cyclicity of battery
Energy.Example:Cui et al. (Energy Environ.Sci., 2014,7,3381) be respectively coated with barrier film super P,
Ketjen black, MCNT, three has all been lifted to the cycle performance of battery, wherein especially with ketjen black coating result
The most notable.Negative pole aspect, by carrying out modification protection or adding additive to promote negative pole in the electrolytic solution to metal lithium sheet
Form the dendrite efflorescence to suppress lithium metal for the stable SEI diaphragm, thus lifting cell safety and cycle performance, such as Jing
Et al. (J.Mater.Chem.A, 2015,3,12213-12219) using Al2O3 coating protection metal lithium sheet improve lithium sulphur electricity
Pond performance.
Document above methods described is effectively improved electric conductivity and the reactivity of positive pole elemental sulfur, improves elemental sulfur
Utilization rate, and by improving circulation and the security performance of battery to negative pole protection, but fail fundamentally to solve vulcanize more
Lithium dissolving shuttle and the problem of metal Li dendrite efflorescence, the performance of lithium-sulfur cell still has much room for improvement.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides one kind can effectively suppress polysulfide to shuttle and right
Lithium anode has the feature interlayer of protective effect, and this interlayer independence slabbing solid is attached between barrier film and positive pole to electricity
Pond is protected by.Because this interlayer can effectively suppress the shuttle of polysulfide, there is certain lifting to the cycle performance of battery;Interlayer
In the metallic element that contains also have certain chemisorption to polysulfide, and the redox reaction of battery is had
Certain catalytic action, effectively improves the cycle performance of lithium-sulfur cell.
Content of the invention
Present invention seek to address that the problem of existing lithium-sulfur cell, there is provided a kind of for the feature interlayer in lithium-sulfur cell
And preparation method thereof.
The present invention solves the above problems the technical scheme of employing:It is applied to novel anode interlayer and its system in lithium-sulfur cell
The interlayer percent mass composition of Preparation Method is as follows:
Carbon 10%~90%
Metal oxide 10%~90%
That above each group is divided and be 100%;Described carbon is the carbon after bacteria cellulose carbonization;
Described metal oxide is titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium-oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, oxidation
The transition metal oxides such as zirconium, actinide metals oxide and the oxidation such as the lanthanide metal oxide such as lanthana, cerium oxide, actinium oxide
Magnesium, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, barium monoxide;
The preparation method step of coated metal oxide interlayer is as follows:
Bacteria cellulose is soaked 1~100h in deionized water, by slaine and alkaline compound in mass ratio 1:
0.1~50 is dissolved in solvent, control metal salt concentrations between 0.01~10mol/L, after bacteria cellulose is placed in above-mentioned molten
1~100h is reacted in closed container, reaction temperature is 20~200 DEG C in liquid;Bacteria cellulose liquid nitrogen after the completion of reaction
Snap frozen, after be placed in freeze-drying in freeze drier;Dried bacteria cellulose is under the conditions of 100~500 DEG C in horse
Not react 1~10h in stove;Finally bacteria cellulose is being connected with carbonization 1~10h in the tube furnace that argon gas is protected, carburizing temperature
It is set to 500~1000 DEG C, the heating rate of above two steps is set to 1~10 DEG C/min;Obtain the interlayer of coated metal oxide, should
Interlayer is placed between anode and barrier film, improves the cycle performance of lithium-sulfur cell well, after circulation 100 circle, capacity keeps
Rate is more than 80%;
The metal ion of described slaine be titanium ion, cobalt ions, iron ion, nickel ion, ruthenium ion, molybdenum ion, vanadium from
Son, zirconium ion, lanthanum ion, cerium ion, actinium ion, magnesium ion, aluminium ion, calcium ion, copper ion, zinc ion or barium ions;Institute
The acid ion stating slaine is nitrate anion, sulfate radical, phosphate radical, formate, inferior sulfate radical, bisulfate ion, silicate, acetic acid
Root, perchlorate or hypochlorite;
Described alkaline compound is hexamethylenetetramine, ammoniacal liquor, ammonium persulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate or urea;
Described solvent is deionized water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, propyl alcohol, styrene or isopropanol.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:Network structure after carbonization, the element variation of carbonization bacteria cellulose, metal oxygen
The common synergy of compound, from physical barrier with chemical barrier absorption polysulfide to improving ionic conductivity, reduces battery
Internal resistance, the cycle performance of many-sided lifting battery, after 100 circle circulations capability retention more than 80%, to realizing lithium-sulfur cell
Industrialization have important reference value.
Brief description
The SEM photograph of Fig. 1 lithium-sulfur cell interlayer
Cycle performance under 0.1C multiplying power for the lithium-sulfur cell that Fig. 2 is obtained
In figure:Ordinate is specific capacity, mAh/g;Abscissa is cycle-index.
Fig. 3 lithium-sulfur cell spacer structure schematic diagram
In figure:1st, negative battery shell, 2, negative plate, 3, barrier film, 4, bacteria cellulose nanocarbon/metal oxide interlayer, 5, just
Pole piece, 6, positive battery shell.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
Nickel nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine in mass ratio 1: 4 are dissolved in deionized water, and nitric acid nickel concentration is 0.5mol/L;Will
The bacteria cellulose (mass ratio with deionized water is 1: 9) absorbing water to saturation is placed in above-mentioned solution, reacts in water heating kettle
10h, reaction temperature controls at 100 DEG C;Bacteria cellulose after the completion of reaction keeps pattern with liquid nitrogen snap frozen, is then put in
Freeze-drying in freeze drier;Dried bacteria cellulose reacts 3h under the conditions of 300 DEG C in Muffle furnace;Finally will be thin
Fungin carbonization 4h in the tube furnace being connected with argon gas protection, carburizing temperature is set to 900 DEG C, and the heating rate of above two steps sets
For 5 DEG C/min.Obtain coat nickel oxide functionalization interlayer (wherein nickel oxide content be 12%wt, Fig. 1 be interlayer SEM shine
Piece is hence it is evident that see nano level network structure), it is cut into barrier film size and is put between barrier film and positive electrode, be assembled into
Battery, tests its chemical property.Carry the discharge and recharge times in 0.1C (1C=1675mA h g-1) for the battery of sulfur content 3.5gcm-2
Under rate, 1051.6mAh g-1 is reached using the battery first discharge specific capacity that the functionalization interlayer of cladding nickel oxide is assembled,
100 circle circulation volumes are stablized in 791.4mA h g-1, and capability retention is 81%, and individual pen attenuation rate is about 0.23%, is far below
The lithium-sulfur cell (0.35%) of common diaphragm, its cyclic curve is as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2
Cobalt nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine in mass ratio 1: 5 are dissolved in ethylene glycol, and nitric acid cobalt concentration is 1mol/L;To inhale
Water is placed in above-mentioned solution to the bacteria cellulose (mass ratio with deionized water is 1: 10) of saturation, reacts in water heating kettle
4h, reaction temperature controls at 80 DEG C;Bacteria cellulose after the completion of reaction keeps pattern with liquid nitrogen snap frozen, is then put in cold
Freeze-drying in lyophilizer;Dried bacteria cellulose reacts 1h under the conditions of 250 DEG C in Muffle furnace;Finally by bacterium
Cellulose carbonization 2h in the tube furnace being connected with argon gas protection, carburizing temperature is set to 1000 DEG C, and the heating rate of above two steps sets
For 4 DEG C/min.Obtain the functionalization interlayer (wherein cobalt oxide content is 15%wt) coating cobalt oxide, it is cut into barrier film
Size is put between barrier film and positive electrode, is assembled into battery, tests its chemical property, capability retention after 100 circulations
For 82%.
Embodiment 3
Manganese oxalate and ammoniacal liquor in mass ratio 1: 6 are dissolved in ethylene glycol, and manganese oxalate concentration is 2mol/L;Saturation will be absorbed water to
Bacteria cellulose (being about 1: 12 with the mass ratio of deionized water) be placed in above-mentioned solution, in water heating kettle react 4h, reaction
Temperature control is at 60 DEG C;Bacteria cellulose after the completion of reaction keeps pattern with liquid nitrogen snap frozen, is then put in freeze-drying
Freeze-drying in machine;Dried bacteria cellulose reacts 4h under the conditions of 100 DEG C in Muffle furnace;Finally by bacteria cellulose
Carbonization 5h in the tube furnace being connected with argon gas protection, carburizing temperature is set to 700 DEG C, the heating rate of above two steps be set to 7 DEG C/
min.Obtain the functionalization interlayer (wherein oxidation manganese content is 16%wt) of coated manganese oxide, it is cut into barrier film size and is put in
Between barrier film and positive electrode, it is assembled into battery, test its chemical property, after 100 circulations, capability retention is 80%.
Embodiment 4
Lanthanum sulfate and hexamethylenetetramine in mass ratio 1: 7 are dissolved in ethylene glycol, and sulfuric acid la concn is 1.5mol/L;Will
The bacteria cellulose (being about 1: 10 with the mass ratio of deionized water) absorbing water to saturation is placed in above-mentioned solution, anti-in water heating kettle
Answer 8h, reaction temperature controls at 25 DEG C;Bacteria cellulose after the completion of reaction keeps pattern with liquid nitrogen snap frozen, is then put in
Freeze-drying in freeze drier;Dried bacteria cellulose reacts 2h under the conditions of 250 DEG C in Muffle furnace;Finally will be thin
Fungin carbonization 7h in the tube furnace being connected with argon gas protection, carburizing temperature is set to 800 DEG C, and the heating rate of above two steps sets
For 4 DEG C/min.Obtain the functionalization interlayer (wherein lanthanum oxide content is 20%wt) coating lanthana, it is cut into barrier film big
Little be put between barrier film and positive electrode, be assembled into battery, test its chemical property, after 100 circulations, capability retention is
84.3%.
Embodiment 5
Magnesium nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine in mass ratio 1: 5 are dissolved in ethylene glycol, and nitric acid magnesium density is 1.2mol/L;Will
The bacteria cellulose (being about 1: 12 with the mass ratio of deionized water) absorbing water to saturation is placed in above-mentioned solution, anti-in water heating kettle
Answer 7h, reaction temperature controls at 70 DEG C;Bacteria cellulose after the completion of reaction keeps pattern with liquid nitrogen snap frozen, is then put in
Freeze-drying in freeze drier;Dried bacteria cellulose reacts 2h under the conditions of 300 DEG C in Muffle furnace;Finally will be thin
Fungin carbonization 3h in the tube furnace being connected with argon gas protection, carburizing temperature is set to 900 DEG C, and the heating rate of above two steps sets
For 6 DEG C/min.Obtain the functionalization interlayer (wherein content of magnesia is 10%) of coated magnesium oxide, it is cut into barrier film size
It is put between barrier film and positive electrode, is assembled into battery, test its chemical property, after 100 circulations, capability retention is
83%.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of interlayer being applied in lithium-sulfur cell and preparation method thereof is it is characterised in that this interlayer preparation method and its quality
Composition, this interlayer percent mass composition is as follows:
Carbon 10%~90%
Metal oxide 10%~90%
That above each group is divided and be 100%;Described carbon is the carbon after bacteria cellulose carbonization;
Described metal oxide is titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium-oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, zirconium oxide etc.
Transition metal oxide, the actinide metals oxide such as the lanthanide metal oxide such as lanthana, cerium oxide, actinium oxide and magnesia,
Aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, barium monoxide;
The preparation method step of coated metal oxide interlayer is as follows:
Bacteria cellulose is soaked 1~100h in deionized water, by slaine and alkaline compound in mass ratio 1: 0.1~
50 are dissolved in solvent, control metal salt concentrations between 0.01~10mol/L, after by bacteria cellulose be placed in above-mentioned solution
1~100h is reacted, reaction temperature is 20~200 DEG C in closed container;Bacteria cellulose after the completion of the reaction fast quickly cooling of liquid nitrogen
Freeze, after be placed in freeze-drying in freeze drier;Dried bacteria cellulose is under the conditions of 100~500 DEG C in Muffle furnace
Reaction 1~10h;Finally by bacteria cellulose in the tube furnace being connected with argon gas protection carbonization 1~10h, carburizing temperature is set to 500
~1000 DEG C, the heating rate of above two steps is set to 1~10 DEG C/min;Obtain the interlayer of coated metal oxide, this interlayer is put
Between anode and barrier film, improve the cycle performance of lithium-sulfur cell well, after circulation 100 circle, capability retention exists
More than 80%;
The metal ion of described slaine is titanium ion, cobalt ions, iron ion, nickel ion, ruthenium ion, molybdenum ion, vanadium ion, zirconium
Ion, lanthanum ion, cerium ion, actinium ion, magnesium ion, aluminium ion, calcium ion, copper ion, zinc ion or barium ions;Described metal
The acid ion of salt is nitrate anion, sulfate radical, phosphate radical, formate, inferior sulfate radical, bisulfate ion, silicate, acetate, height
Chlorate anions or hypochlorite;
Described alkaline compound is hexamethylenetetramine, ammoniacal liquor, ammonium persulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate or urea;
Described solvent is deionized water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, propyl alcohol, styrene or isopropanol.
2. novel anode interlayer of coated metal oxide and preparation method thereof according to right 1, is characterized in that this kind of interlayer
As lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode protective layer.
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