CN106058173A - Graphene-like carbon material/sulphur composite cathode material for lithium-sulphur battery, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Graphene-like carbon material/sulphur composite cathode material for lithium-sulphur battery, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106058173A CN106058173A CN201610414636.XA CN201610414636A CN106058173A CN 106058173 A CN106058173 A CN 106058173A CN 201610414636 A CN201610414636 A CN 201610414636A CN 106058173 A CN106058173 A CN 106058173A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene-like carbon material/sulphur composite cathode material for a lithium-sulphur battery, and a preparation method and application thereof. The cathode material is formed by a three-dimensional porous graphene-like carbon material having a micro-nanostructure and elemental sulphur in a composite manner. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate and low in cost; the utilization rate of the prepared composite cathode material for the lithium-sulphur battery is high; and the cycle performance of the lithium-sulphur battery is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium sulfur battery anode material preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of lithium-sulfur cell class graphene carbon material
Material/sulfur composite positive pole and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Along with lithium ion battery extensively should in portable type electronic product, electric automobile and instant-plugging hybrid electric vehicle
With, in the urgent need to developing the battery of higher energy density.It is restricted owing to anode material for lithium-ion batteries specific capacity improves, lithium
The energy density of ion battery is difficult to increase considerably further.Simultaneously by increasing the voltage platform raising energy of positive electrode
Density can bring again safety issue.Positive electrode is forwarded to " conversion reaction chemism ", it is expected to obtain from " deintercalation mechanism "
Height ratio capacity and the material of specific energy.Elemental sulfur is one of the most promising positive electrode, and sulfur reacts generation completely with lithium metal
Li2S, cell reaction is S+2Li=Li2S, for bielectron course of reaction, is not related to the deintercalation reaction of lithium ion.Due to dividing of sulfur
Son amount is low, and the theoretical specific capacity of sulfur is up to 1675mAh/g (almost LiFePO410 times), theoretical specific energy is then up to
2600Wh/Kg.Additionally, elemental sulfur is at nature rich reserves, low toxicity, cheap, therefore elemental sulfur is that one has suction very much
The positive electrode of gravitation.
But, lithium-sulfur cell exists that active material utilization is low, cycle performance is poor, the high rate performance further raising of needs etc.
Problem.And active substance sulfur materials itself and final discharging product Li in lithium-sulfur cell2S is the insulator of electronics and ion, puts
Intermediate product polysulfide in electric process is easily soluble in electrolyte, these irreversible losses that can cause active substance and appearance
Amount decay.To this end, how to suppress the diffusion of polysulfide, improve the distribution of sulfur and improve in sulfur positive pole cyclic process
Electric conductivity is the research emphasis of sulfur-based positive electrode material.
For solving these problems of lithium-sulfur cell, be typically at present to load elemental sulfur (load, adhere to, mix, extension life
Length, cladding etc.) in the carbon element class material with high-specific surface area, high porosity and excellent conductive performance feature, formed compound
Positive electrode, dissolves in electrolyte and the various negative effects thus caused limiting polysulfide in cyclic process.Wherein, three-dimensional
Porous graphene has the advantage such as good conductivity, bigger serface, can be barricaded as natural conductive network with bridge, favorably between them
In electronics conduction and the diffusion of lithium ion.It addition, three-dimensional porous Graphene has big spatial joint clearance, stabilized electrodes structure is produced
Raw positive meaning.But traditional three dimensional structure general specific surface area of graphene carbon material is less, sulfur loaded limited in one's ability, make
Become in the composite positive pole of preparation sulfur content is low, skewness, be assembled into circulating battery after a few, still have a large amount of living
Property material sulfur can dissolve from the surface of three-dimensional grapheme, causes the loss of active substance, lithium-sulfur cell energy density to be difficult to into one
Step improves.If sulfur content promotes further in composite positive pole, a large amount of sulfur distribution at the outer surface of three-dimensional porous Graphene,
On the one hand the conductive capability of electrode is caused to decline;On the other hand the polysulfide that this part sulfur generates after electrode reaction easily expands
Dissipating and shuttle back and forth, cause the irreversible loss of active substance, the chemical property of material can not get preferably playing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the sulfur load capacity that three-dimensional grapheme of the prior art/sulfur composite positive pole generally exists inclined
Low, the problems such as sulfur electrode specific capacity is less than normal, and energy density is low, cycle performance is poor, it is provided that a kind of sulfur load capacity is high, active substance sulfur
Utilization rate is high, and energy density is high, and the lithium-sulfur cell class graphene carbon material that cycle performance is substantially improved when lithium-sulfur cell/
Sulfur composite positive pole.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple to operate, low cost, be suitable to industrialized production prepare lithium sulfur
The method of battery class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of a kind of described class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole,
Class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole is applied as lithium sulfur battery anode material, improves lithium-sulfur cell cycle performance,
Improve energy density and active substance utilization efficiency.
Technical scheme:
A kind of lithium-sulfur cell class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, this positive electrode is by having micro-nano knot
The three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of structure is composited with elemental sulfur;The described three-dimensional porous class stone with micro nano structure
Ink olefinic carbon material is obtained in 500-1200 DEG C of carbonization after being mixed with alkaline solution by discarded ion exchange resin;
The specific surface area of the described three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure is 1500~3200m2/g;
In the described three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure, the aperture≤2nm of micropore, micropore accounts for whole
The 50%~80% of individual pore structure.
The described three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure has three-dimensional carbon skeleton, this three-dimensional carbon skeleton
In have micro-nano porous structure.
It is mutually communicated again so as to get porous class graphene carbon material between porous carbon structure based on micropore and pore structure
There is higher porosity and bigger specific surface area, considerably increase elemental sulfur load capacity (weight content reach 70~
85%) and the contact area of elemental sulfur, electron transfer rate and response area are improved;The most whole three-dimensional carbon skeleton, maintains
Material with carbon element ion transport capability and electric conductivity, provide effective conductive network and lithium ion mobility passage for whole positive pole;With
Time on three-dimensional carbon skeleton, have a large amount of micropore, the micropore of Nano grade reaches the 50~80% of pore structure, the network of nanoscale
Duct effectively inhibits the dissolving diffusion of many lithium sulfides to run off, and substantially increases the utilization ratio of active substances in cathode materials sulfur,
Be conducive to the raising of lithium-sulfur cell cyclical stability.
The present invention farther includes following preferred technical scheme:
Preferably in scheme, described discarded ion exchange resin is 1:2~1:10 with the mass ratio of alkaline matter.
Described alkaline matter is the alkaline matter in alkaline solution.
Preferably in scheme, described discarded ion exchange resin is macroporous type anion exchange resin.
Preferably in scheme, described alkaline solution is KOH, NaOH, K2CO3、Na2CO3、K3PO4Or Na3PO4In aqueous solution
One or more.
Preferably in scheme, the concentration of described alkaline solution is 0.5~10g/L.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite positive pole, described in there is the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of micro nano structure
Preparation process be: discarded ion exchange resin is scattered in alkaline solution, stirring, reaction, under an inert atmosphere, be heated to
500~1200 DEG C, the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure obtained is combined with elemental sulfur again, is answered
Close positive electrode.
Preferably in scheme, it is heated to 500~1200 DEG C of reactions 5~20h.
Preferably in scheme, with the heating rate of 5~15 DEG C/min, it is heated to 500~1200 DEG C.
Preferably in scheme, discarded ion exchange resin is scattered in alkaline solution, stirring, reacts 1-5h.
Preferably in scheme, described in there is the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of micro nano structure pass through ball with elemental sulfur
Mill method, high-temperature hot are melted, liquid phase deposition or liquid infiltration method are combined in situ.
The invention still further relates to the application of above-mentioned composite positive pole, by described class graphene carbon material/sulfur anode composite material
Material application is as lithium sulfur battery anode material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention utilizes discarded ion exchange resin to combine high temperature carbonization first and has prepared and have micro nano structure
Three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material, is combined this material with elemental sulfur, has obtained that load sulfur content is big, can effectively suppress polysulfide
Dissolving in the electrolytic solution, the graphene/sulfur composite positive electrode material that active substance utilization efficiency is high.
Using application after compound to the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure that obtains and elemental sulfur as
During lithium sulfur battery anode material, it is possible to be greatly improved the cyclical stability of lithium-sulfur cell.
The present invention not only achieves and discarded ion exchange resin repeats recycling, and obtains meaning by simple reaction
The three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure outside material, using this material and elemental sulfur Application of composite as lithium
During sulphur cell positive electrode material, obtain again extraordinary effect, by thermogravimetric test its actual sulfur content up to
76.6wt.%, has extraordinary stable circulation performance.
The invention provides a kind of sulfur load capacity high, active substance utilization efficiency is high, and energy density is high, for lithium-sulfur cell
Time lithium-sulfur cell class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole of being substantially improved of cycle performance.
The raw material sources that the present invention uses are wide, and inexpensively, preparation method is simple to operate, low cost, are suitable for industrialized production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
[Fig. 1] is the SEM figure of class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole that embodiment 1 obtains.Can from figure
Going out, sulfur is evenly distributed in whole composite positive pole.
[Fig. 2] is the discharge curve first of class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole that embodiment 1 obtains.
[Fig. 3] is that class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole of obtaining of embodiment 1 is under 0.5C electric current density
100 circle cycle performance figures.
[Fig. 4] is the discharge curve first of class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole that embodiment 2 obtains.
[Fig. 5] is that class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole of obtaining of embodiment 2 is under 0.5C electric current density
100 circle cycle performance figures.
[Fig. 6] is the discharge curve first of class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole that embodiment 3 obtains.
[Fig. 7] is that class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole of obtaining of embodiment 3 is under 0.5C electric current density
100 circle cycle performance figures.
[Fig. 8] is the discharge curve first of class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole that embodiment 4 obtains.
[Fig. 9] is that class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole of obtaining of embodiment 4 is under 0.5C electric current density
100 circle cycle performance figures.
[Figure 10] Figure 10 is the pore size distribution curve of embodiment 1 gained class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, by
In the range of in figure it can be seen that the aperture of sample concentrates on 0-2nm.In the range of 0-2nm, pore-size distribution rate is about 78%.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limited to the protection domain of invention.
Embodiment 1
Being added in the KOH solution that 2L concentration is 3g/L by 2.0g macroporous type anion exchange resin, at room temperature machinery stirs
Mix reaction 10h.Transfer to after filtration in tube furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, be heated to 800
DEG C, it is incubated 6h, after carbonization, obtains the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure.Find through BET test, its ratio
Surface area is 3002m2/ g, the aperture≤2nm of micropore, it is 70% that micropore accounts for the ratio of whole pore structure.To have micro-nano knot
The three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of structure and sulfur powder are with the mass ratio high speed ball milling mixing 2h of 2:8, then in the protection of argon
Under, it is warming up to 155 DEG C, is incubated 24h, obtains class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, test to obtain its reality by thermogravimetric
Sulfur content is 72.5wt.%.
By the composite positive pole of embodiment 1 gained, conductive black, Kynoar (PVDF) according to the quality of 8:1:1
Than uniformly mixing, and it is dispersed in the NMP of certain mass and does form slurry (solid content is 80wt%), be then coated with at aluminium foil afflux
On body, at 60 DEG C, after vacuum drying, obtain a kind of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode sheet.
Battery assembles: positive plate strikes out the electrode slice of a diameter of 10mm, with metal lithium sheet as negative pole, and electricity
Solving liquid is 1M LiTFSI/DOL:DME (1:1), is assembled into CR2025 button cell in the glove box of full argon.In room temperature
Under (25 DEG C) carry out constant current charge-discharge test with the electric current density of 0.5C (837mA/g), discharge and recharge blanking voltage be 1.5~
3.0V.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, first discharge specific capacity is 1080mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity keeps 710mAh/g,
Maintain the capability retention of 65.7% respectively.
Visible, class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole improves cyclical stability and the active matter of lithium-sulfur cell
Matter utilization rate.
Embodiment 2
2.0g macroporous type anion exchange resin is added in the NaOH solution of 2L concentration 4g/L, at room temperature mechanical agitation
Reaction 10h.Transfer to after filtration in tube furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, be heated to 900 DEG C,
Insulation 8h, obtains the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure after carbonization.Finding through BET test, it compares table
Area is 1870m2/ g, the aperture≤2nm of micropore, it is 50% that micropore accounts for the ratio of whole pore structure.To have micro nano structure
Three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material and sulfur powder with the mass ratio high speed ball milling mixing 2h of 2:8, then under the protection of argon,
It is warming up to 155 DEG C, is incubated 24h, obtains class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, test to obtain its actual sulfur by thermogravimetric
Content is 70.9wt.%.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, first discharge specific capacity is 955mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity keeps
628mAh/g, maintains the capability retention of 65.8% respectively.
Embodiment 3
2.0g macroporous type anion exchange resin is added the Na of 3L concentration 1.8g/L2CO3In solution, at room temperature machinery
Stirring reaction 24h.Transfer to after filtration in tube furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, with the heating rate of 15 DEG C/min, be heated to
1100 DEG C, it is incubated 7h, after carbonization, obtains the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure.Find through BET test,
The specific surface area of this material is 1666m2/ g, the aperture≤2nm of micropore, it is 60% that micropore accounts for the ratio of whole pore structure.Will tool
There is the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of micro nano structure with sulfur powder with the mass ratio high speed ball milling mixing 2h of 2:8, then exist
It is warming up to 155 DEG C under the protection of argon, is incubated 24h, obtains class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, surveyed by thermogravimetric
Try its actual sulfur content is 76.6wt.%.As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, first discharge specific capacity is 1120mAh/g, follows for 100 times
After ring, specific capacity keeps 710mAh/g, maintains the capability retention of 63.4% respectively.
Embodiment 4
2.0g macroporous type anion exchange resin is added in the KOH solution that 200mL concentration is 0.2g/L, at room temperature machine
Tool stirring reaction 10h.Transfer to after filtration in tube furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, be heated to
800 DEG C, it is incubated 9h, after carbonization, obtains the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure.Find through BET test,
The specific surface area of this material is 3002m2/ g, the aperture≤2nm of micropore, it is 70% that micropore accounts for the ratio of whole pore structure.Will tool
The three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material having micro nano structure is dispersed in the 200mL Na that mass concentration is 20%2In S solution, slow
Slowly dripping the quality that concentration is 10% is 200mL Na2SO3Solution.The product separated by sucking filtration after continuously stirred 24h is put into
80 DEG C of baking ovens are incubated 12h and obtain class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, test to obtain its actual sulfur content by thermogravimetric
For 75.8wt.%.As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, first discharge specific capacity is 818mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity keeps
652mAh/g, maintains the capability retention of 79.7% respectively.
Claims (10)
1. lithium-sulfur cell class graphene carbon material/sulfur composite positive pole, it is characterised in that this positive electrode is by having
The three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of micro nano structure is composited with elemental sulfur;The described three-dimensional with micro nano structure
Porous class graphene carbon material is obtained in 500-1200 DEG C of carbonization after being mixed with alkaline solution by discarded ion exchange resin;
The specific surface area of the described three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure is 1500~3200m2/g;
In the described three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material with micro nano structure, the aperture≤2nm of micropore, micropore accounts for whole hole
The 50%~80% of structure.
Composite positive pole the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described discarded ion exchange resin and basic species
The mass ratio of matter is 1:2~1:10.
Composite positive pole the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described discarded ion exchange resin is big
Pass anion exchange resin.
Composite positive pole the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described alkaline solution is KOH, NaOH, K2CO3、
Na2CO3、K3PO4Or Na3PO4One or more in aqueous solution.
5. according to the composite positive pole described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that the concentration of described alkaline solution be 0.5~
10g/L。
6. according to the preparation method of the composite positive pole described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described in have micro-
The preparation process of the three-dimensional porous class graphene carbon material of nanostructured is: discarded ion exchange resin is scattered in alkaline solution
In, stirring, reaction, under an inert atmosphere, it is heated to 500~1200 DEG C of reactions, the three-dimensional with micro nano structure obtained is many
Hole class graphene carbon material is combined with elemental sulfur again, obtains composite positive pole.
Preparation method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that with the heating rate of 5~15 DEG C/min, be heated to
500~1200 DEG C.
8. according to the preparation method described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that discarded ion exchange resin is scattered in alkalescence
In solution, stirring, react 1-5h.
Preparation method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described in there is the three-dimensional porous class stone of micro nano structure
Ink olefinic carbon material and elemental sulfur are melted by ball-milling method, high-temperature hot, liquid phase deposition or liquid infiltration method are combined in situ.
10. the application of the composite positive pole described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that by described class graphene carbon
Material/sulfur composite positive pole is applied as lithium sulfur battery anode material.
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Cited By (8)
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CN107331845A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 陈建超 | A kind of graphene battery anode composite material |
CN108101030A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-01 | 中山大学 | A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional porous grapheme material |
CN109301230A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-01 | 南昌大学 | A kind of composite anode material for lithium sulfur battery and preparation method thereof |
CN109461896A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-03-12 | 上海电力学院 | Using waste and old ion exchange resin as the method for Material synthesis lithium sulfur battery anode material |
CN110165162A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-23 | 南京大学 | A kind of carbon-sulfur compound positive electrode of lithium-sulfur cell |
CN111900403A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-06 | 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 | Sulfur/MXene/graphene composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112038635A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-12-04 | 湘潭大学 | Lithium-sulfur battery graphene-loaded cementite particle composite positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
US11967702B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2024-04-23 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Sulfur-carbon composite, and cathode and lithium secondary battery each comprising same |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107331845A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 陈建超 | A kind of graphene battery anode composite material |
CN108101030A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-01 | 中山大学 | A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional porous grapheme material |
CN108101030B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中山大学 | Preparation method of three-dimensional porous graphene material |
CN109461896A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-03-12 | 上海电力学院 | Using waste and old ion exchange resin as the method for Material synthesis lithium sulfur battery anode material |
CN109301230A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-01 | 南昌大学 | A kind of composite anode material for lithium sulfur battery and preparation method thereof |
CN109301230B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-08-13 | 南昌大学 | Composite positive electrode material for lithium-sulfur battery and preparation method thereof |
CN110165162A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-23 | 南京大学 | A kind of carbon-sulfur compound positive electrode of lithium-sulfur cell |
US11967702B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2024-04-23 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Sulfur-carbon composite, and cathode and lithium secondary battery each comprising same |
CN111900403A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-06 | 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 | Sulfur/MXene/graphene composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111900403B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 | Sulfur/MXene/graphene composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112038635A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-12-04 | 湘潭大学 | Lithium-sulfur battery graphene-loaded cementite particle composite positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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