CN104934927B - A kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104934927B CN104934927B CN201510301918.4A CN201510301918A CN104934927B CN 104934927 B CN104934927 B CN 104934927B CN 201510301918 A CN201510301918 A CN 201510301918A CN 104934927 B CN104934927 B CN 104934927B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection and its control method, including the breaker being connected with the input terminal of photovoltaic DC power supply, the busbar of the breaker is equipped with to gather the current collecting device of the current value of the breaker front end direct current busbar, the breaker is just, it is connected with gathering breaker front end circuit just between cathode, the voltage collecting device of voltage value between cathode, the current collecting device and the voltage collecting device connect controller respectively, the output terminal of the controller connects the shunt opening coil of the breaker or on-load switch for controlling the breaker actuation, the short-circuit protection further includes power module, the power module accesses the end of incoming cables of the breaker.When short circuit occurs in circuit, electric current can slightly increase, and voltage, which is present with, substantially to be fallen, and controller judges whether circuit short trouble occurs, circuit breaker trip is acted on protection circuit so as to send sub-gate signal according to the variation of voltage, electric current on circuit during short circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to DC power supply protection system technical fields, and in particular to a kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection and its
Control method.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generation DC side electric current is directly proportional to solar irradiance, dc-side short-circuit size of current i.e. and solar irradiation
Degree, but it is related with the intrinsic short circuit current flow of solar photovoltaic battery component itself, according to conventional electrical design alternative and fusing is set
The fuse electric current of device and the drop-away current of breaker since the operating current and short-circuit current value of volt system dc side approach, pass
The sensitivity of blanket insurance shield device is relatively low to be cannot be distinguished, and the two can also change according to illumination condition and environment temperature, and protection is fixed
Value is also difficult to adjust, and when short trouble occurs in circuit, instantaneous release is because being not achieved operation condition（10 times of rated current）And
It will not act, thermal trip is due to the feature of its inverse time lag, and actuation time is longer, this is protected in the circuit of photovoltaic system DC side
It is worthless in shield, because the short circuit of photovoltaic system DC side can generate direct-current arc in short dot, the high temperature of electric arc is easily
Cause serious electrical fire.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention one provides a kind of photovoltaic DC short-circuit protection, for solving the above problems, has
A kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection, including the breaker being connected with the input terminal of photovoltaic DC power supply, institute
The busbar for stating breaker is equipped with to gather the current collecting device of the current value of the breaker front end direct current busbar, described
It is connected with to gather the voltage of the voltage value between the breaker front end circuit positive and negative electrode between the positive and negative electrode of breaker
Harvester, the current collecting device and the voltage collecting device connect controller, the output terminal of the controller respectively
The shunt opening coil of the breaker is connected for controlling the breaker actuation, which further includes power module,
The power module accesses the end of incoming cables of the breaker.
Preferably, the current collecting device is the current sensor being arranged on the breaker front end direct current busbar,
The voltage collecting device is the voltage converter being arranged between the breaker or the positive and negative electrode of on-load switch, the electricity
The output terminal of the output terminal of flow sensor and the voltage converter connects the controller respectively.
Further, which further includes man-machine interface and monitoring room, and the controller passes through communication interface point
It Lian Jie not man-machine interface and monitoring room.
The current collecting device is current sensor, and the voltage collecting device is voltage transmitter.
The purpose of the present invention two provides a kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection, and the control method is such as
Shown in lower,
First, the setting electric current value I in controller is set according to I-V characteristic curve0With setting voltage value U0, set voltage
Value U0Value boundary be less than photovoltaic DC side rear end and connect the minimum operating voltage that inverter or controller are set, setting electric current
Value I0The maximum current value of photovoltaic direct current supply when connecing inverter or standby controller by photovoltaic DC side rear end；
Secondly, current collecting device gathers the current value I on breaker busbar in real time1, voltage collecting device gathers in real time
The voltage value U of breaker front end positive and negative electrode1, by current value I1With voltage value U1It is sent into controller；
Again, controller judges current value I1Whether the setting electric current value I defaulted in controller is more than0, voltage value U1It is
It is no to be less than the setting voltage value U defaulted in controller0；
Finally, if the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1More than setting electric current value I0, while voltage collecting device gathers
Voltage value U1Less than setting voltage value U0, then controller detect short trouble occur between the positive and negative electrode of photovoltaic DC side,
Controller sends breaker open operation instruction, the shunt opening coil action of breaker, and breaker disconnects；Conversely, then continue to detect electric current
Value and voltage value.
Preferably, the setting voltage value U0The half of n*Vmp values is taken, wherein Vmp values represent light under standard test condition
The optimum operating voltage value of component is lied prostrate, n represents the component serial number of the photovoltaic DC side.
Preferably, the current collecting device is current sensor, and the voltage collecting device is voltage transmitter.
The purpose of the present invention three provides a kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection, and the control method is such as
Shown in lower,
First, according to I-V characteristic curve, the setting electric current value I in controller is set0With setting voltage value U0, and set and adopt
Sample interval time t, wherein setting electric current value I0Photovoltaic DC when connecing inverter or standby controller by photovoltaic DC side rear end
The maximum current value of power supply；
Secondly, current collecting device gathers the current value I on breaker busbar in real time1, voltage collecting device gathers in real time
The voltage value U of breaker front end positive and negative electrode1, and according to sampling interval duration t by current value I1With voltage value U1It is sent into controller；
Again, controller judges the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1Whether the setting defaulted in controller is more than
Current value I0, controller compares the voltage value U of the front and rear acquisitions of sampling interval duration t1, whether the range of decrease is more than (Voc-Vo)/Voc's
Value, wherein, VocFor the photovoltaic DC side maximum open circuit voltage corresponding to protected circuit, VoBehind protected photovoltaic DC side
End connects the minimum operating voltage of inverter or controller setting；
Finally, if the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1More than setting electric current value I0, while voltage collecting device is being adopted
Collect the voltage value U before and after interval time t1The range of decrease is more than (Voc-Vo)/VocValue, then controller detect the positive and negative electrode of DC side
Between there is short trouble, controller sends breaker open operation instruction, the shunt opening coil action of breaker, and breaker disconnects；Instead
It, then continue to detect current value and voltage value.
Further, the current collecting device is current sensor, and the voltage collecting device is voltage transmitter.
Preferably, the sampling interval duration t is 1ms.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1）, the present invention protective device be mountable in header box and DC power distribution cabinet, pass through current collecting device and electricity
Press the electric current of harvester acquisition breaker front end and the size of voltage, testing result be then sent into controller, controller into
Row logical operation, controller control breaker actuation according to operation result.The protective device of the present invention, can accurately distinguish short circuit
Failure, snap circuit breaker trip effectively avoid circuit electrical fire caused by described in the direct-current arc of short circuit generation, into
One step solves the problems, such as that conventional circuit breaker and fuse facilitate deficiency in photovoltaic system DC side route protection.
2）, the present invention by gathering voltage, the current value of breaker front end, and according to the I-V characteristic curve of photovoltaic module,
When short circuit occurs in circuit, electric current can slightly increase, and voltage, which is present with, substantially to be fallen, and controller is powered on according to circuit during short circuit
Pressure, this situation of change of electric current, judge circuit whether there is short trouble, so as to send sub-gate signal act on breaker or
On-load switch trips with protection circuit.
3）The protective device of the present invention realizes that protection definite value, can basis by software set by the way of software and hardware combining
The characteristic and installation environment of photovoltaic module are adjusted, and applicability is good, and reliability is high, by being write to software, moreover it is possible to
Distal end carries out the statistics of DC side generated energy.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the protective device schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the I-V characteristic curve of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the first control method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of second of control method of the present invention.
10 --- --- --- the current sensors 13 --- voltage transmitter 14 --- of breaker 12 of protective device 11
--- man-machine interface 16 --- monitoring room 17 --- power module of controller 15.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work
Embodiment belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection is disconnected including what is be connected with the input terminal of photovoltaic DC power supply
Road device 11, the busbar of the breaker 11 are equipped with to gather the electric current of the current value of the 11 front end direct current busbar of breaker
Sensor 12, be connected between the positive and negative electrode of the breaker 11 to gather the 11 front end circuit positive and negative electrode of breaker it
Between voltage value voltage converter 13, the current sensor 12 and the voltage converter 13 connect controller 14 respectively,
The output terminal of the controller 14 connects the shunt opening coil of the breaker 11 for the breaker 11 to be controlled to act, the protection
Device 10 further includes power module 17, and the power module 17 accesses the end of incoming cables of the breaker 11.
Wherein current sensor 12 is Hall current sensor, and breaker 11 is QF photovoltaic DC short-circuiting devices.
The protective device 10 further includes man-machine interface 15 and monitoring room 16, and the controller 14 is distinguished by communication interface
Connect man-machine interface 15 and monitoring room 16.
Photovoltaic module I-V characteristic curve is illustrated in figure 2, the longitudinal axis represents electric current, and transverse axis represents voltage, and curve is by photovoltaic
Variable electronic load is sealed in component, photovoltaic module is made gradually to change from short-circuit condition to open-circuit condition, so as to photovoltaic module
I-V characteristic be scanned.According to the I-V characteristic curve of photovoltaic module, when short circuit occurs in circuit, voltage, which is present with, substantially to fall
Fall, after being combined even across series and parallel, which still remains.Controller according to voltage on circuit during short circuit, electric current this
One situation of change, judges whether photovoltaic system DC side short trouble occurs.
As shown in figure 3, by taking the 500KW grade photovoltaic combining inverters that large-sized photovoltaic power station uses as an example, MPPT voltages
Scope is 460V-850V, and minimum starts voltage generally in 460V or so, enters standby mode less than the value inverter, photovoltaic is straight
Stream lateral incision shifts to open-circuit condition, and the electric current that at this moment this section of circuit flows through is zero.If there is positive and negative electrode direct short-circuit in circuit, short
The voltage at circuit both ends can drop to zero during waypoint momentary connection, and when there is discharging gap, the voltage at circuit both ends can be with
Gap length fluctuates, and value is typically maintained in tens volts, minimum much smaller than inverter to start voltage.Judge for short-circuit condition
The voltage value upper limit can be set to the half of standard test condition lower component maximum power point voltage Vmp, as DC side uses 260Wp
Polysilicon members, Vmp=30.77 under standard test environment, every 21 piece of one series connection of photovoltaic module, then short-circuit condition judges institute's palpus
The upper voltage limit value U of setting0For 30.77*21/2=323V, DC voltage section during inverter normal work had both been avoided
Value, and the variation of voltage value under various short circuit conditions can be tackled.On The Current Value section connects inverse not less than photovoltaic DC side rear end
The maximum current value of photovoltaic direct current supply when becoming device or standby controller, while consider the measurement accuracy shadow of Hall direct current transducer
Ring, can setting electric current value be 1A, if the current value detected is more than 1A, voltage value is less than 323V, and the two meets, then may be used simultaneously
To judge that short circuit occurs in photovoltaic DC side.
A kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection, the control method is as follows,
First, the setting electric current value I in controller 14 is set according to I-V characteristic curve0With setting voltage value U0, setting electricity
Pressure value U0For 323V, setting electric current value I0For 1A；
Secondly, current collecting device gathers the current value I on 11 busbar of breaker in real time1, voltage collecting device adopts in real time
Collect the voltage value U of 11 front end positive and negative electrode of breaker1, by current value I1With voltage value U1It is sent into controller 14；
Again, controller 14 judges current value I1Whether the setting electric current value I defaulted in controller 14 is more than0, voltage value
U1Whether the setting voltage value U defaulted in controller 14 is less than0；
Finally, if the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1More than setting electric current value I0, while voltage collecting device gathers
Voltage value U1Less than setting voltage value U0, then controller 14 detect short circuit occur between the positive and negative electrode of photovoltaic DC side therefore
Barrier, controller 14 send the instruction of 11 separating brake of breaker, the action of 11 shunt opening coil of breaker, and breaker 11 disconnects；Conversely, then continue
Detect current value and voltage value.
The current collecting device is current sensor 12, and the voltage collecting device is voltage transmitter.
As shown in figure 4, by taking the 500KW grade photovoltaic combining inverters that large-sized photovoltaic power station uses as an example, when positive and negative electrode goes out
During existing short trouble, apparent Voltage Drop can all occur in positive and negative electrode both ends, and electric current slightly increases, and short circuit judges it is that voltage becomes
Change condition is more than (V for the voltage range of decrease in sampling intervaloc-Vo)/VocValue, if DC side is using 260Wp polysilicon members, with mark
Exemplified by under quasi- test environment, the V of monolithic elementoc=37.73, every 21 piece of one series connection of photovoltaic module, then this section of protected photovoltaic
DC side maximum open circuit voltage Voc=792.33, inverter is minimum to start voltage Vo=460V, then (Voc-Vo)/Voc=0.42, it examines
Consider influence of the environmental factor to photovoltaic module electrical property, the voltage range of decrease can be set to 50%, and the interval that electric current judges is not less than
The maximum current value of photovoltaic direct current supply when photovoltaic DC side rear end connects inverter or standby controller, while consider that Hall is straight
The measurement accuracy of flow sensor influences, and can be set to 1A, if the voltage range of decrease is more than 50%, current value is more than 1A, and the two meets simultaneously,
It can then detect the short circuit of photovoltaic DC side.
A kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection, the control method is as follows,
First, according to I-V characteristic curve, the setting electric current value I in controller 14 is set0For 1A, and set the sampling interval
Time t is 1ms；
Secondly, current collecting device gathers the current value I on 11 busbar of breaker in real time1, voltage collecting device adopts in real time
Collect the voltage value U of 11 front end positive and negative electrode of breaker1, and according to sampling interval duration t by current value I1With voltage value U1It is sent into control
Device 14 processed；
Again, controller 14 judges the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1Whether it is more than and defaults in controller 14
Setting electric current value I0, controller 14 compares the voltage value U of the front and rear acquisitions of sampling interval duration t1, whether the range of decrease is more than 5 percent
Ten；
Finally, if the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1More than setting electric current value I0, while voltage collecting device is being adopted
Collect the voltage value U before and after interval time t1The range of decrease be more than 50 percent, then controller 14 detect DC side positive and negative electrode it
Between there is short trouble, controller 14 sends the instruction of 11 separating brake of breaker, the action of 11 shunt opening coil of breaker, and breaker 11 is disconnected
It opens；Conversely, then continue to detect current value and voltage value.
Wherein, the current collecting device is current sensor 12, and the voltage collecting device is voltage transmitter.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements are made should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection, including the breaker (11) being connected with the input terminal of photovoltaic DC power supply,
It is characterized in that：The busbar of the breaker (11) is equipped with to gather the electric current of the breaker (11) front end direct current busbar
The current collecting device of value is connected with to gather the breaker (11) front end between the positive and negative electrode of the breaker (11)
The voltage collecting device of voltage value between circuit positive and negative electrode, the current collecting device and voltage collecting device difference
Controller (14) is connected, the shunt opening coil of the output terminal connection breaker (11) of the controller (14) is described for controlling
Breaker (11) acts, which further includes power module, and the power module (17) accesses the breaker
(11) end of incoming cables；
First, the setting electric current value I in controller (14) is set according to I-V characteristic curve0With setting voltage value U0, set voltage
Value U0Value boundary be less than photovoltaic DC side rear end and connect the minimum operating voltage that inverter or controller are set, setting electric current
Value I0The maximum current value of photovoltaic direct current supply when connecing inverter or standby controller by photovoltaic DC side rear end；
Secondly, current collecting device gathers the current value I on breaker (11) busbar in real time1, acquisition is disconnected in real time for voltage collecting device
The voltage value U of road device (11) front end positive and negative electrode1, by current value I1With voltage value U1It is sent into controller (14)；
Again, controller (14) judges current value I1Whether the setting electric current value I defaulted in controller (14) is more than0, voltage value
U1Whether the setting voltage value U defaulted in controller (14) is less than0；
Finally, if the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1More than setting electric current value I0, while the electricity of voltage collecting device acquisition
Pressure value U1Less than setting voltage value U0, then controller (14) detect short trouble occur between the positive and negative electrode of photovoltaic DC side,
Controller (14) sends the instruction of breaker (11) separating brake, the shunt opening coil action of breaker (11), and breaker (11) disconnects；Instead
It, then continue to detect current value and voltage value；
The setting voltage value U0The half of n*Vmp values is taken, photovoltaic module is optimal wherein under Vmp values expression standard test condition
Operating voltage value, n represent the component serial number of the photovoltaic DC side.
2. a kind of photovoltaic DC side as described in claim 1 short-circuit protection, it is characterised in that：The current collecting device
For the current sensor (12) being arranged on the breaker (11) front end direct current busbar, the voltage collecting device is to be arranged at
Voltage converter (13) between the positive and negative electrode of the breaker (11), the output terminal of the current sensor (12) and described
The output terminal of voltage converter (13) connects the controller (14) respectively.
3. such as a kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection of claim 1 to 2 any one of them, it is characterised in that：The protection
Device (10) further includes man-machine interface (15) and monitoring room (16), and the controller (14) is connected man-machine respectively by communication interface
Interface (15) and monitoring room (16).
4. a kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side as described in claim 1 short-circuit protection, it is characterised in that：The electricity
Stream harvester is current sensor (12), and the voltage collecting device is voltage converter.
5. a kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side as described in claim 1 short-circuit protection, it is characterised in that：
First, according to I-V characteristic curve, the setting electric current value I in controller (14) is set0With setting voltage value U0, and set and adopt
Sample interval time t, wherein setting electric current value I0Photovoltaic DC when connecing inverter or standby controller by photovoltaic DC side rear end
The maximum current value of power supply；
Secondly, current collecting device gathers the current value I on breaker (11) busbar in real time1, acquisition is disconnected in real time for voltage collecting device
The voltage value U of road device (11) front end positive and negative electrode1, and according to sampling interval duration t by current value I1With voltage value U1It is sent into control
Device (14)；
Again, controller (14) judges the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1Whether it is more than and defaults in controller (14)
Setting electric current value I0, controller (14) compares the voltage value U of the front and rear acquisitions of sampling interval duration t1, whether the range of decrease is more than (Voc-
Vo)/VocValue, wherein, VocFor the photovoltaic DC side maximum open circuit voltage corresponding to protected circuit, VoFor protected photovoltaic
DC side rear end connects the minimum operating voltage of inverter or controller setting；
Finally, if the current value I of current collecting device acquisition1More than setting electric current value I0, while voltage collecting device is between acquisition
Voltage value U before and after time t1The range of decrease is more than (Voc-Vo)/VocValue, then controller (14) detect the positive and negative electrode of DC side
Between there is short trouble, controller (14) sends the instruction of breaker (11) separating brake, and the shunt opening coil action of breaker (11) is broken
Road device (11) disconnects；Conversely, then continue to detect current value and voltage value.
6. a kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side as claimed in claim 5 short-circuit protection, it is characterised in that：The electricity
Stream harvester is current sensor (12), and the voltage collecting device is voltage converter.
7. a kind of control method of photovoltaic DC side as claimed in claim 5 short-circuit protection, it is characterised in that：It is described to adopt
Sample interval time t is 1ms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510301918.4A CN104934927B (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2015-06-05 | A kind of photovoltaic DC side short-circuit protection and its control method |
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| CN104934927B true CN104934927B (en) | 2018-05-18 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
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| CN105356497B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-07-07 | 厦门科华恒盛股份有限公司 | Main machine round-robin control method of parallel photovoltaic inverter |
| CN105429115A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳威能技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic direct current cable protection device and control method thereof |
| CN106711953B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-03-17 | 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 | Photovoltaic inverter direct-current side short-circuit protection device and protection method |
| CN112640238B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2022-09-30 | 西门子能源全球有限公司 | Method and device for identifying a fault in an HVDC line and generating a trigger signal for a DC circuit breaker |
| WO2021207880A1 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Short circuit protection apparatus, short circuit protection method, and photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN112098821A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-18 | 深圳科士达科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic inverter booster circuit switch short circuit detection method and photovoltaic power generation device thereof |
| CN112242693A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-19 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Direct current bus bar short-circuit protection device and method |
| EP4287503A4 (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2024-04-17 | Huawei Digital Power Tech Co Ltd | Photovoltaic system, direct-current combiner box and fault isolation method |
| CN117913420A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-19 | 成都宇能通能源开发有限公司 | Car as a house energy storage system |
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