CN104702252B - Switch module, converter and electrical energy changer - Google Patents
Switch module, converter and electrical energy changer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104702252B CN104702252B CN201310666305.1A CN201310666305A CN104702252B CN 104702252 B CN104702252 B CN 104702252B CN 201310666305 A CN201310666305 A CN 201310666305A CN 104702252 B CN104702252 B CN 104702252B
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Abstract
Include at least two electronic switches being connected in series with and at least two overvoltage crowbars the present invention relates to switch module, converter and electrical energy changer, the switch module.At least two overvoltage crowbar respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with.Each overvoltage crowbar includes clamping unit and protection location; clamping unit is used to provide clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage to corresponding electronic switch, and protection location is used to that corresponding electronic switch to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage.Clamping unit and protection location can be directed to corresponding electronic switch and provide dual overvoltage protection, improve reliability.The present invention also provides the converters and electrical energy changer of the above-mentioned switch module of application.
Description
Technical field
Embodiment disclosed by the invention is related to switching module, converter and electrical energy changer, more particularly to a kind of tool
There are switch module, converter and the electrical energy changer of new overvoltage crowbar.
Background technology
Converter (Converter) is typically used for energy converter, by a form of energy conversion at another
The energy of kind form.For example, multi-electrical level inverter generally includes several circuitry phases (corresponding polyphase ac as one kind of converter
Electricity output), include two switch units per one-phase circuit, is controlled by control system appropriate and switched in above-mentioned circuitry phase
Unit is connected or shutdown, you can realizes that DC power supply is converted to the function of AC power.
For the alternating current generator that some high voltages require, for example, the equipment such as high voltage water pump, high voltage compressor, institute
Each switch unit on the inverter of application will flow through the electric current of higher voltage level.Typically, which is crystal
Pipe forms, such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (insulated gate bipolar transistor, IGBT).If only using
One IGBT is used as a switch unit, which may not be able to bear to flow through voltage thereon, in order to avoid damage
Device is used as a switch unit usually using at least two IGBT being connected in series with, in this way can share average voltage
To each concatenated IGBT, to which each device will not be damaged.
Although the above-mentioned IGBT that is connected in series with can realize the function of averraged voltage, have to meet at least two string
The control break-make that the IGBT of connection is synchronized, if if there is synchronous error, can still result in one of IGBT will bear entirely
Voltage load, and then damage the device.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, industry generally use active clamp circuit provides overvoltage protection to the IGBT of above-mentioned overvoltage.Fig. 1
It show a kind of circuit diagram of traditional active clamp circuit 90.The active clamp circuit 90 includes Zener diode Z10 and general
Logical diode D10.The operation principle of the active clamp circuit 90 is：When the collector potential of IGBT 92 is excessively high, two pole of Zener
Pipe Z10 is breakdown, has electric current to flow into the grid (driving end) of IGBT 92 so that the grid potential of IGBT 92 increases, to drop
The cut-off current of low IGBT 92, and then reduce collector-emitter peak voltage Vce of IGBT 92.
However above-mentioned active clamp circuit 90 has distinct disadvantage.Firstly the need of it is clear that, above-mentioned active clamp electricity
Road 90 is operated in the moment of the shutdowns of IGBT 92, at this moment in, the afterbodies of IGBT drivers 94 pushes the triode of grade
Q15 is in conducting state.Thus, the one part of current Iz1 in the electric current Iz of Zener diode Z10 flows into the grid of IGBT 92, separately
One part of current Iz2 is then by the triode Q15 bypasses of above-mentioned conducting.
Clearly as the impedance of the triode Q15 of conducting is very low, therefore the electric current Iz major part quilts of Zener diode Z10
Triode Q15 bypasses so that the electric current Iz1 for flowing into the grid of IGBT 92 significantly reduces；Lead to clamping effect greatly
It reduces, reduces the validity of active clamp circuit 90 in other words.
It is therefore desirable to provide a kind of new overvoltage crowbar to solve the above problems.
Invention content
In view of technical problem mentioned above, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of switch module, the switch
Module includes at least two electronic switches being connected in series with and at least two overvoltage crowbars.At least two overvoltage protection electricity
Road respectively at least two overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings.Each overvoltage crowbar includes clamping unit and protection location.
The clamping unit is used to provide clamp voltage to the correspondence when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
Electronic switch, which is used to that the correspondence to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
Electronic switch.
Wherein, in above-mentioned switch module, which includes detector, controllable electric power and diode.The detector
For generating over-voltage fault signal when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage.The diode
The control terminal electrical couplings of cathode electronic switch corresponding with this, the anode of the diode and the controllable electric power electrical couplings.This can
Control power supply is applied to correspondence electricity for responding the over-voltage fault signal output DC voltage, the DC voltage by diode
The control terminal of sub switch is to be connected the corresponding electronic switch.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of converter.The converter is used to convert DC voltage and strike a bargain
Galvanic electricity pressure, the converter include multiple switch module；Each switch module include at least two electronic switches being connected in series with and
At least two overvoltage crowbars, at least two overvoltage crowbar respectively at least two electronic switch being connected in series with
Electrical couplings, each overvoltage crowbar include：
Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage extremely when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The corresponding electronic switch；
Protection location, for the corresponding electricity to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
Sub switch.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrical energy changer.The electrical energy changer includes：
First converter, for the first AC energy to be converted into direct current energy；
Energy storage device, the direct current energy provided for storing first converter；
Second converter, direct current energy or first converter for providing the energy storage device provide
Direct current energy be converted into the second AC energy；Wherein, first converter and second converter each include multiple open
Module is closed, each module that switchs includes at least two electronic switches being connected in series with and at least two overvoltage crowbars, this is extremely
Few two overvoltage crowbars respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with, each overvoltage crowbar
Including：
Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage extremely when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The corresponding electronic switch；
Protection location, for the corresponding electricity to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
Sub switch.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of direct-current-alternating-current converter.The direct-current-alternating-current converter includes：
First DC line, the second DC line, first switch module, second switch module, third switch module, the 4th switching molding
Group, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module；First DC line and second DC line are used for input direct-current voltage；
The first switch module and second switch module, third switch module and the 4th switch module and the 5th switch module and the
Six switch modules are connected in series in respectively between first DC line and the second DC line；The first switch module and second
The tie point formed between switch module defines the first output point, is formed between third switch module and the 4th switch module
Tie point defines the second output point, and the tie point formed between the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module defines third output
Point；First output point, the second output point and third output point are for exporting three-phase alternating voltage；The first switch module,
Two switch modules, third switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module each include at least
Two electronic switches being connected in series with and at least two overvoltage crowbars, at least two overvoltage crowbar respectively with this extremely
Few two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with, each overvoltage crowbar include：
Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage extremely when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The corresponding electronic switch；
Protection location, for the corresponding electricity to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
Sub switch.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of A.C.-D.C. converter.The A.C.-D.C. converter includes：
First DC line, the second DC line, first switch module, second switch module, third switch module, the 4th switching molding
Group, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module；First DC line and second DC line are for exporting DC voltage；
The first switch module and second switch module, third switch module and the 4th switch module and the 5th switch module and the
Six switch modules are connected in series in respectively between first DC line and the second DC line；The first switch module and second
The tie point formed between switch module defines the first output point, is formed between third switch module and the 4th switch module
Tie point defines the second output point, and the tie point formed between the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module defines third output
Point；First output point, the second output point and third output point are for inputting three-phase alternating voltage；The first switch module,
Two switch modules, third switch module, the 4th switch module, the 5th switch module and the 6th switch module each include at least
Two electronic switches being connected in series with and at least two overvoltage crowbars, at least two overvoltage crowbar respectively with this extremely
Few two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with, each overvoltage crowbar include：
Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage extremely when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The corresponding electronic switch；
Protection location, for the corresponding electricity to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
Sub switch.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of overvoltage crowbar.The overvoltage crowbar includes：
Clamping unit, for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of electronic switch is more than predetermined voltage to the electronic cutting
It closes；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic switch to be connected when the both end voltage of electronic switch is more than the predetermined voltage
One predetermined time.
Switch module, converter, electrical energy changer, direct-current-alternating-current converter and AC-DC provided by the invention become
Parallel operation, on the one hand, by the electronic switch that is connected in series at least two respectively with the electrical coupling of at least two overvoltage crowbars
It closes, to realize the overvoltage protection to each electronic switch.On the other hand, overvoltage crowbar includes clamping unit and guarantor
Protect unit.The clamping unit is used to provide clamp voltage to the electronic switch of corresponding overvoltage, and the protection location is for being connected correspondence
The electronic switch of overvoltage.Clamping unit and protection location can be directed to corresponding electronic switch and provide dual overvoltage protection, improve
Reliability.
Description of the drawings
Embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention may be better understood, in the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of active clamp circuit in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a kind of module diagram of embodiment of system proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of partial circuit diagram of embodiment of electrical energy changer in system shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is a kind of function module of embodiment with overvoltage crowbar of the present invention and the circuit for switching module
Figure.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the first embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of second of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of the third embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the 4th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the 5th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of the 6th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 11 is the oscillogram of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of the 7th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Fig. 4.
Specific implementation mode
One or more specific implementation mode of the present invention explained below.Firstly it is pointed out that in these implementations
During the specific descriptions of mode, in order to carry out brief and concise description, this specification can not possibly be to actual embodiment
All features are made to describe in detail.It is to be understood that during the actual implementation of any one embodiment, just
Such as during any one engineering project or design object, in order to realize the objectives of developer, or in order to full
Pedal system is relevant or the relevant limitation of business, can usually make various specific decisions, and this also can be from a kind of reality
Mode is applied to change between another embodiment.Although moreover, it is to be understood that being made in this development process
The effort gone out may be complicated and interminable, however for the ordinary skill with the relevant this field of present disclosure
For personnel, some designs carried out on the basis of the technology contents that the disclosure discloses, manufacture or the changes such as production are
It is insufficient to be not construed as content of this disclosure for conventional technology.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term or scientific terminology used in the present specification and claims is should be
The ordinary meaning that the personage with general technical ability is understood in the technical field of the invention.This specification and claims
Either " second " and similar word are not offered as any sequence, quantity or importance to middle " first " used, and are
For distinguishing different component parts.The similar word such as "one" or " one " is not offered as quantity limitation, but indicates exist
It is at least one."or" includes any one or whole in cited project." comprising " or "comprising" etc. are similar
Word means to appear in after element or object of the " comprising " either before "comprising" cover and appear in " comprising " or "comprising"
The element or object and its equivalent element that face is enumerated, it is not excluded that other elements or object." connection " or " connected " etc.
Similar word is not limited to physics or mechanical connection, but may include electrical connection, either directly
Or indirectly.In addition, " circuit " either " circuit system " and " controller " etc. may include single component or by multiple
The set that active member or passive device are directly or indirectly connected, such as one or more IC chip, to carry
For the function of corresponding description.
Fig. 2 show a kind of module diagram of embodiment of system 100 provided by the invention.Basically, it is illustrated that
System 100 can be any using converter as the electrical conversion systems of critical piece, and the converter can implement this hair
The overvoltage crowbar of bright proposition.Particularly, in some embodiments, system 100 can be based on multi-level converter
System, and can be adapted for the application scenarios such as middle high power and high voltage appearance.For example, system 100 can be applied to following
Field, including but not limited to：The fields such as petrochemical industry, papermaking, mine, metallurgy, power plant, water treatment plant, to drive specific load,
Such as pump, wind turbine, transmission device etc..
System 100 generally comprises the first power device 110, electrical energy changer 120, the second power device 130 and control
Device 140.Electrical energy changer 120 and control device 140 can be communicatively coupled.In one embodiment, control dress
It sets 140 and can carry out telecommunication with electrical energy changer 120 and connect, with by one or more electrical interconnection, such as lead
Electric wire, transmission control signal 106 give electrical energy changer 120.In another embodiment, control device 140 can also
Optic communication is carried out with electrical energy changer 120 to connect, with by optical communication line, for example, one or more optical fiber, transmission is controlled
Signal 106 processed gives electrical energy changer 120.
In the present embodiment, control device 140 may include field programmable gate array (Field Programmable
Gate Array, FPGA).In other embodiments, control device 140 can also include any suitable programmable circuit or
Person's device, such as digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), programmable logic controller (PLC)
(Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) and application-specific integrated circuit (Application Specific
Integrated Circuit, ASIC) etc..The control device 140 can be implemented in a manner of hardware, software or software and hardware combining.
Electrical energy changer 120 responds the control signal 106 transmitted from control device 140, to be filled in the first power
It sets 110 and second and executes unidirectional or two-way transformation of electrical energy operation between power device 130.In one embodiment, it controls
The output of device 140 control signal 106 processed controls the second converter 126 work in electrical energy changer 120, makes second transformation
The direct current 125 that DC link 124 exports is converted to the alternating current 104 that the second power device 130 can be driven to operate by device 126；
The working mechanism of the control device 140 is traditional technology, is no longer described in detail here.
In one embodiment, electrical energy changer 120 includes the first converter 122, DC link (DC Link)
124 and second converter 126.In one embodiment, the first converter 122 can be A.C.-D.C. converter, by with
It is set to and is converted into the first electric energy 102 (for example, first alternating voltage) that the first power device 110 (for example, power grid) provides directly
Galvanic electricity can 123 (for example, DC voltages).In one embodiment, the first converter 122 can have by diode component shape
At rectifier bridge structure, to execute the rectifying operation of AC to DC, it is possible to have formed by active controllable switch device
Structure particularly can be with the attached drawing 4 that will be described in more detail below with can by being integrated with the active of overvoltage crowbar
Control the structure that switching device is formed.In one embodiment, DC link 124 may include multiple capacitors, to this
The first DC voltage 123 that one converter 122 provides is filtered, and constant the second DC voltage 125 output is maintained to give
Second converter 126.
In one embodiment, the second converter 126 is direct-current-alternating-current converter, is configured to this is second straight
Galvanic electricity pressure 125 is converted into the second alternating voltage 104, and second alternating voltage 104 is transmitted to 130 (example of the second power device
Such as, alternating current generator).In one embodiment, the second converter 126 can have the knot formed by active controllable switch device
Structure particularly can have the structure formed by the active controllable switch device for being integrated with overvoltage crowbar.Although not mapping
Show, but system 100 may also include other components or device, for example, being filled in the first power device 110 and transformation of electrical energy
Filter and breaker etc. can be set between setting 120, also, in electrical energy changer 120 and the second power device 130
Between, filter and breaker etc. can also be set.
In other embodiments, system 100 can also be applied to power field, and including but not limited to wind-power electricity generation fills
It sets, photovoltaic power generation apparatus and hydroelectric installation etc..Electrical energy changer 120 in system 100 can also be implemented to carry herein
And be integrated with overvoltage crowbar active controllable switch device formed structure.In one embodiment, the first power
Device 110 may include one or more wind power generation plant, and wind power generation plant can convert wind energy into change frequency
Electric energy.First converter 122 can be A.C.-D.C. converter, and the second converter 126 can be direct-current-alternating-current converter,
First electric energy 102 of change frequency can be converted into the second electric energy 104 of fixed frequency by it, for example, frequency be 50Hz or
The AC energy of 60Hz.Second AC energy 104 of fixed frequency can be provided to the second power device 130, such as power grid,
It is transmitted and is dispensed with power supply network.In some embodiments, the second power device 130 can also include load, such as
The motor used in the devices such as locomotive or pump, motor work under the action of second electric energy 104.In some embodiments
In, when the system 100 is photovoltaic power generation apparatus, the first converter 122 or DC-DC converter, or also may be used
To save first converter, and the second converter of DC-AC 126 is used only, by the first power device 110, such as
The direct current energy that photovoltaic panel is provided is converted into AC energy 104.
In other embodiments, system 100, which can also be applied to, needs to use uninterruptible power system
The field that (Uninterruptible/Uninterrupted Power System, UPS) is powered.In this case, it is
Electrical energy changer 120 in system 100 can also implement the active controllable switch for being integrated with overvoltage crowbar referred in this
The structure that device is formed.In one embodiment, the first converter 122 can be A.C.-D.C. converter, can be set
It is set to and direct current energy is converted or be rectified into the first AC energy that the first power device 110 (for example, power grid) provides.System
100 can also include energy storage device 127, to receive the direct current energy that the first converter 122 is converted to.In a kind of reality
It applies in mode, the second converter 126 can be direct-current-alternating-current converter, can be configured to 122 turns of first converter
The direct current energy that the energy storage device 127 provides is converted into the second AC energy by the direct current energy got in return, and will
Second AC energy is supplied to the second power device 130 (for example, load, can be specifically alternating current motor).
The detailed architecture that Fig. 3 show a kind of embodiment of DC link 124 shown in Fig. 2 and the second converter 126 is shown
It is intended to.In one embodiment, which is more specifically a kind of direct-current-alternating-current converter.In a kind of implementation
In mode, which includes first port 202 and second port 204, the first port 202 and second port 204
For receiving DC voltage, for example, the DC voltage 123 provided by the first converter 122 as shown in Figure 2.The first port
202 are electrically connected with the first DC line 206, which is electrically connected with the second DC line 208, also, this first
It is electrically connected with DC link 124 between port 202 and the second port 204, which is used for the direct current to reception
Pressure is filtered, and maintains constant voltage output to the switching device being attached thereto.In one embodiment, the direct current
Link 124 includes the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, and the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series in
Between first DC line 206 and the second DC line 208.In other embodiments, which can also basis
Actual needs is adjusted, such as including more than two capacitor, and at least partly capacitor can also be connected in parallel, no
It is confined to the example that present embodiment provides.In other embodiment, DC link 124 can also be including one or more
A current-limiting resistance and one or more current-limiting inductance.
Further referring to Fig. 3, which further includes first switch module K1, second switch module K2,
Three switch module K3, the 4th switch module K4, the 5th switch module K5 and the 6th switch module K6.The first switch module K1 with
Second switch module K2 is connected in series between first DC line 206 and the second DC line 208, the first output point 226
It is defined by the tie point formed between the first switch module K1 and second switch module K2.The third switchs module K3 and the 4th
Switch module K4 is connected in series between first DC line 206 and the second DC line 208, and the second output point 236 is by this
Third switchs the tie point definition formed between the switch modules of module K3 and the 4th K4.5th switch module K5 and the 6th switch
Module K6 is connected in series between first DC line 206 and the second DC line 208, and third output point 246 is by the 5th
The tie point definition formed between the switch modules of switch module K5 and the 6th K6.First output point 226, the second output point 236 and
Third output point 246 is for providing three-phase alternating current output voltage, and the three-phase alternating current output voltage differs each other in phase
120 degree.Certainly, when second converter 126 is embodied as A.C.-D.C. converter, this three exchange transmission ports 226,
236,246 three-phase alternating voltage can also be inputted, the first port 202 and second port 204 can also export DC voltage.
Second power device 130 shown in Fig. 2, such as alternating current generator may need a high voltage to drive, therefore each
A switch module K1-K6 is required to bear the high voltage.Switch module K1-K6 is damaged by the high voltage in order to prevent, each
Switch module K1-K6 is both configured to be used as a switch module including at least two electronic switches being connected in series with, at this
In embodiment, using two insulated gate bipolar transistors being connected in series with (insulated gate bipolar
Transistor, IGBT) it is used as a switch module.In this way, the electronic switch being connected in series with can averraged height electricity
Pressure, i.e., will bear lower voltage on each electronic switch, to damage each electronic switch.In other embodiment party
In formula, the quantity and type of the electronic switch being connected in series with can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as be gone here and there using two
Join mos field effect transistor (the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect of connection
Transistor, MOSFET), electron injection enhancement gate transistor (Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor,
IEGT) or power transistor (Giant Transistor, GTR) is used as a switch module；It further, if such as should
When high voltage is very high, more than two electronic switches being connected in series with can be applied.
In addition, for each switch module K1-K6, two electronic switches being connected in series with of configuration respectively with
Two overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings switch two in module K1 IGBT Q1, the Q2 being connected in series with difference as shown in Figure 4
With two overvoltage crowbars 80,82 electrical couplings, two can be connected in series with respectively to two overvoltage crowbars 80,82
IGBT Q1, Q2 provide overvoltage protection.In other embodiments, for each switch module K1-K6, configuration
The electronic switch that is connected in series with of two or more respectively with more than two overvoltage crowbar electrical couplings.Following paragraphs will give
Go out specific embodiment to illustrate to protect to provide overvoltage to the electronic switch being connected in series with by overvoltage crowbar 80,82
Shield.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is overvoltage crowbar for the present invention and switch a kind of embodiment of the circuit 50 of module
Functional block diagram.In this embodiment, which is the switch module K1 in Fig. 2 comprising two
IGBT the electronic switches Q1 and Q2 being connected in series with.In other embodiment, the number amount and type of the electronic switch can be according to reality
Border needs to be adjusted, and is not limited to the example that present embodiment provides.Others switch module K2-K6 is with switch module K1's
Structure is identical, therefore which is not described herein again.
Typically, which includes two drivers 70,72 and two overvoltage crowbars 80,82.Two drivers
70,72 control instructions for being used for control device 140 according to Fig.2, control two electronic switch Q1 and Q2 conductings or close respectively
It is disconnected.The driver 70 includes driving end G1 and ground terminal E1.Control terminal (such as the IGBT of the driving end G1 and electronic switch Q1
Grid) electrical couplings, conducting end (such as emitter of IGBT) electrical couplings of ground terminal E1 and electronic switch Q1.Together
Sample, which includes driving end G2 and ground terminal E2.The electrical coupling of control terminal of the driving end G2 and electronic switch Q2
It closes, the conducting end electrical couplings of ground terminal E2 and electronic switch Q2.The driver 70 and 72 respectively output switching control letter
Number to electronic switch Q1 and Q2 control terminal, you can control electronic switch Q1 and Q2 conducting or shutdown respectively.
Two overvoltage crowbars 80,82 to two electronic switches Q1 and Q2 for providing overvoltage protection respectively, to prevent
Two electronic switch Q1 and Q2 avalanche breakdowns due to overvoltage.In other embodiments, driver 70 can be integrated in over-pressed guarantor
The inside of protection circuit 80, driver 72 can also be integrated in the inside of overvoltage crowbar 82.
Overvoltage crowbar 82 is identical as the structure of overvoltage crowbar 80, hereafter only to one of them (such as overvoltage protect
Protection circuit 80) it is described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 5, its circuit diagram for the first embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.In this embodiment, it drives
Dynamic device 70 is integrated in the inside of overvoltage crowbar 80A；More specifically, driver 70 is integrated with the interior of protection location 40A
Portion.Overvoltage crowbar 80A includes clamping unit 30 and protection location 40A.Clamping unit 30 is used for as corresponding electronic switch Q1
Both end voltage provide clamp voltage to corresponding electronic switch Q1 when being more than the first predetermined voltage.Protection location 40A be used for when pair
The corresponding electronic switch Q1 is controlled when the both end voltage of electronic switch Q1 being answered to be more than the second predetermined voltage, and a predetermined time is connected.
First, why to be the reason of realizing overvoltage protection by way of the corresponding electronic switch Q1 of conducting：With at least two
In the switch module of a electronic switch being connected in series with, cause to be wherein the electricity of the overvoltage in the presence of the reason of over-pressed electronic switch
Relative to other, the conducting of over-pressed electronic switch evening is either early turned off namely is connected or turn off asynchronous sub switch；At this
In the case of two kinds, it is required for the electronic switch of overvoltage being connected to eliminate overvoltage, to realize overvoltage protection.Secondly, protection is single
The purpose that the above-mentioned predetermined time is connected in first corresponding electronic switch Q1 of 40A controls is protected to extend the overvoltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1
The time is protected, corresponding electronic switch Q1 avalanche breakdowns due to overvoltage are more reliably prevented.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned predetermined
Time can be 1~2us.
In one embodiment, the first predetermined voltage and the second predetermined voltage can be set to be less than corresponding electronic cutting
The breakdown voltage for closing Q1, can so prevent corresponding electronic switch Q1 avalanche breakdowns due to overvoltage in advance.
In one embodiment, the second predetermined voltage is less than the first predetermined voltage, and reason is：In one case,
When clamping unit 30 provides correspondence electronic switch Q1 of the clamp voltage to overvoltage, from 30 inflow current of clamping unit to corresponding electricity
The control terminal (such as grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) of sub switch Q1 so that the first conducting end (example of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Such as correspond to the collector of electronic switch Q1) current potential decline, lead to the first conducting end of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and corresponding electronics
Undertension between the control terminal (such as grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) of switch Q1 is more in clamping unit 30 to puncture
A Zener diode being connected in series with, at this time corresponding electronic switch Q1 may be still within overvoltage, at this time in order to enable protection
Unit 40A can control corresponding electronic switch Q1 and a predetermined time is connected, it is necessary to preset the second predetermined voltage and be less than first
Predetermined voltage.
Clamping unit 30 and protection location 40A can be directed to corresponding electronic switch Q1 and provide dual overvoltage protection, improve
Reliability.
Specifically, in infinite embodiment, clamping unit 30 includes diode D1 and four Zener diodes
Z30、Z31、Z32、Z33.Four Zener diode Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 series aiding connections are connected to the of corresponding electronic switch Q1
One conducting end (such as collector of IGBT) between the anode of diode D1, and with diode D1 Opposite direction connections；Diode D1
Cathode be electrically connected to the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1.In other embodiments, included in clamping unit 30
The quantity of Zener diode can adjust according to actual needs, such as clamping unit 30 may include two pole of Zener more than four
Pipe.
Protection location 40A includes detector 44, controller 49 and driver 70.Detector 44 is used for when corresponding electronic switch
The both end voltage Vce of Q1 generates over-voltage fault signal 440, in the present embodiment, detector 44 when being more than the second predetermined voltage
With the first conducting end (such as collector of IGBT) of corresponding electronic switch Q1 and the second conducting end (such as emitter of IGBT)
It is electrically connected, to realize detecting voltage function；The both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1 can be collector-transmitting of IGBT
Pole tension Vce.
Controller 49 generates protection signal 492 for responding above-mentioned over-voltage fault signal 440.In one embodiment,
Controller 49 is the component part of control device 140 in Fig. 2, and specifically, controller 49 can be FPGA.Driver 70 is used for root
Corresponding electronic switch Q1 is controlled according to above-mentioned protection signal 492, and the above-mentioned predetermined time is connected.
Controller 49 is additionally operable to generate drive signal 494 when detector 44 does not generate above-mentioned over-voltage fault signal 440；It drives
Dynamic device 70 is additionally operable to the grid to corresponding electronic switch Q1 according to 494 outputting drive voltage of above-mentioned drive signal, to control correspondence
Electronic switch Q1 conducting or shutdown.In one embodiment, controller 49 is for periodically receiving a pwm signal
490, and periodically generate drive signal 494.
It in one case, can be advance when controller 49 receives pwm signal 490 and over-voltage fault signal 440 simultaneously
The priority that over-voltage fault signal 440 is arranged in controller 49 is higher than the priority of pwm signal 490；Therefore, controller 49
It responds over-voltage fault signal 440 and generates protection signal, and be not responding to pwm signal 490 and generate drive signal.In a kind of embodiment
In, above-mentioned over-voltage fault signal 440 is sent to controller 49 by detector 44 by optical fiber sendaisle, and driver 70 passes through light
Fine receiving channel receives the protection signal 492 or drive signal 494 that controller 49 is transmitted, to realize controller 49 with
Phototube Coupling between detector 44 and driver 70.In other embodiments, detector 44 can also pass through conducting wire and control
Device 49 processed is electrically connected, and driver 70 can also be electrically connected by conducting wire and controller 49.
Referring to Fig. 6, its functional block diagram for second of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.Overvoltage shown in Fig. 6 is protected
Overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in protection circuit 80B and Fig. 5 difference lies in：Protection location 40B shown in Fig. 6 and protection shown in Fig. 5 are single
The structure of first 40A is different.Protection location 40B includes detector 44, protection switch S1 and pulse generator 450.Detector 44 is used
In the generation over-voltage fault signal 440 when the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is more than the second predetermined voltage.Protection switch
S1 have for receive the first conducting terminal of the first DC voltage Vee, with the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1 (such as IGBT
Grid) electrical couplings the second conducting terminal and for receive one control signal 451 control terminal.Corresponding electronic switch
The second conducting end (such as emitter of IGBT) of Q1 is grounded.
Pulse generator 450 is used to generate above-mentioned control signal 451, control letter according to above-mentioned over-voltage fault signal 440
Numbers 451 are connected a predetermined time for controlling corresponding electronic switch Q1.In one embodiment, above-mentioned control signal 451 can
To be the pulse signal of lasting 1~2us, correspondingly, the above-mentioned predetermined time can be 1~2us.
Referring to Fig. 7, its functional block diagram for the third embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.Overvoltage shown in Fig. 7 is protected
Overvoltage crowbar 80B shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6 shown in protection circuit 80C and Fig. 5 difference lies in：It is protected shown in Fig. 7
It is different from the structure of protection location 40B shown in protection location 40A shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 to protect unit 40C.Protection location 40C includes detecing
Survey device 44, amplifier 452 and diode D2.Detector 44 is used to be more than second as the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Over-voltage fault signal 440 is generated when predetermined voltage.
Control terminal (such as grid of IGBT) electrical couplings of the cathode of diode D2 and corresponding electronic switch Q1, diode
The anode of D2 and 452 electrical couplings of amplifier.Amplifier 452 is used to be amplified above-mentioned over-voltage fault signal 440, and should
The over-voltage fault signal 440 of amplification is exported by diode D2 to the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1；The overvoltage event of the amplification
Barrier signal 440 is for being connected corresponding electronic switch Q1.
Overvoltage crowbar 80C shown in Fig. 7 and overvoltage crowbar shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6 shown in Fig. 5
The difference of 80B also resides in：When the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is more than the second predetermined voltage, protection shown in Fig. 7 is single
First 40C only controls the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conductings, and it is predetermined not control the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conductings one
Time.
In the present embodiment, the effect of setting diode D2 is signal isolation effect, and diode D2 is for preventing to correspond to
The driving voltage from driver 70 shown in Fig. 4,72 inputs that the control terminal of electronic switch Q1 receives is applied to amplifier
452, that is, prevent above-mentioned driving voltage from being interfered to amplifier 452.
In one embodiment, amplifier 452 includes output end G3 and ground terminal E3, output end G3 and diode D2
Anode electrical couplings, the control terminal electrical couplings of the cathode of diode D2 and corresponding electronic switch Q1；Ground terminal E3 and corresponding electricity
The second conducting end (such as emitter of IGBT) electrical couplings of sub switch Q1.
Referring to Fig. 8, its functional block diagram for the 4th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.Overvoltage shown in Fig. 8 is protected
Overvoltage crowbar 80B shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6 shown in protection circuit 80D and Fig. 5 difference lies in：It is protected shown in Fig. 8
It is different from the structure of protection location 40B shown in protection location 40A shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 to protect unit 40D.Protection location 40D includes detecing
Survey device 44, controllable electric power 456 and diode D3.Detector 44 is used to be more than the as the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Over-voltage fault signal 440 is generated when two predetermined voltages.
Control terminal (such as grid of IGBT) electrical couplings of the cathode of diode D3 and corresponding electronic switch Q1, two pole
The anode of pipe D3 and 456 electrical couplings of controllable electric power；The controllable electric power 456 is exported for responding above-mentioned over-voltage fault signal 440
DC voltage, the DC voltage export the control terminal to corresponding electronic switch Q1 so that corresponding electronic cutting is connected by diode D3
Close Q1.
Overvoltage crowbar 80D shown in Fig. 8 and overvoltage crowbar shown in overvoltage crowbar 80A and Fig. 6 shown in Fig. 5
The difference of 80B also resides in：When the both end voltage Vce of corresponding electronic switch Q1 is more than the second predetermined voltage, protection shown in Fig. 8 is single
First 40D only controls the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conductings, and it is predetermined not control the corresponding electronic switch Q1 conductings one
Time.
In the present embodiment, the effect of setting diode D3 is signal isolation effect, and diode D3 is for preventing to correspond to
The driving voltage from driver 70 shown in Fig. 4,72 inputs that the control terminal of electronic switch Q1 receives is applied to controllable electric power
456, that is, prevent above-mentioned driving voltage from being interfered to controllable electric power 456.
In one embodiment, controllable electric power 456 includes output end G4 and ground terminal E4, output end G4 and diode D3
Anode electrical couplings, the control terminal electrical couplings of the cathode of diode D3 and corresponding electronic switch Q1.Ground terminal E4 with it is corresponding
The second conducting end (such as emitter of IGBT) electrical couplings of electronic switch Q1.
Referring to Fig. 9, its functional block diagram for the 5th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.Overvoltage shown in Fig. 9 is protected
Overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in protection circuit 80E and Fig. 5 difference lies in：Overvoltage crowbar 80E shown in Fig. 9 further includes electric current
Increasing unit 46A.Protection location shown in protection location 40A or Fig. 6 shown in the structure and Fig. 5 of protection location 40E shown in Fig. 9
Either the structure of protection location 40D shown in protection location 40C shown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 8 is identical by 40B.Electric current increasing unit 46A is used for
Increase the electric current for the control terminal (such as grid of IGBT) that corresponding electronic switch Q1 is flowed into from clamping unit 30.
When the structure of the protection location 40E shown in Fig. 9 is identical as the structure of protection location 40A shown in Fig. 5, setting electric current increases
The effect of big unit 46A is described as follows：When the electric current for the control terminal for flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30 is not enough to
When conducting corresponds to electronic switch Q1, electric current increasing unit 46A increases above-mentioned electric current, to which correspondence can be connected in increased electric current
Electronic switch Q1；It is equivalent to and extends the overvoltage protection time that clamping unit 30 is directed to corresponding electronic switch Q1.
Itself the reason is as follows that：Since in protection location 40A shown in Fig. 5, detector 44, by fiber coupling, drives with controller 49
Dynamic device 70 passes through fiber coupling with controller 49；Firstly, since the factors such as environment temperature can make the data transmission bauds of optical fiber
At influence, optical fiber may cause to postpone to the over-voltage fault signal for being sent to controller 49 from detector 44, and optical fiber may also be right
Protection signal (the note of driver 70 is sent to from controller 49：Protection signal is pre- for controlling corresponding electronic switch Q1 conductings
Fix time) it causes to postpone.In addition, since over-voltage fault signal will be sent to controller 49 from detector 44, protection signal will be from
Controller 49 is sent to driver 70, and being transmitted several times for signal will also result in delay.Both factors can all cause to protect shown in Fig. 5
Shield unit 40A, which is directed to the initial time that corresponding electronic switch Q1 provides overvoltage protection, will lag behind clamping unit 30 for corresponding electricity
Sub switch Q1 provides the initial time of overvoltage protection.
In one case, when clamping unit 30 provides correspondence electronic switch Q1 of the clamp voltage to overvoltage, from clamper
30 inflow current of unit to corresponding electronic switch Q1 control terminal (such as grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) so that corresponding electronics
The current potential of the first conducting end (such as collector of corresponding electronic switch Q1) of switch Q1 declines, and leads to corresponding electronic switch Q1's
Undertension between the control terminal (such as grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1) of first conducting end and corresponding electronic switch Q1 with
Puncture multiple Zener diodes being connected in series in clamping unit 30, however, corresponding to electronic switch Q1 at this time may still locate
In overvoltage；It is carried since aforementioned signal delay factor can cause protection location 40E shown in Fig. 5 to be directed to corresponding electronic switch Q1
It relatively lags behind for the initial time of overvoltage protection, thus, protection location 40E shown in Fig. 5 may have little time to be still within to above-mentioned
The correspondence electronic switch Q1 of overvoltage provides overvoltage protection namely clamping unit 30 is directed to corresponding electronic switch Q1 and provides overvoltage protection
End time point and protection location 40E shown in Fig. 5 for corresponding electronic switch Q1 offer overvoltage protections start time point it
Between there may be the time difference, cause corresponding electronic switch Q1 may be by over-voltage breakdown within the above-mentioned time difference.Since electric current increases
Unit 46A extends the overvoltage protection time that clamping unit 30 is directed to corresponding electronic switch Q1 so that clamping unit 30 for pair
The end time point that electronic switch Q1 provides overvoltage protection is answered to be carried for corresponding electronic switch Q1 with protection location 40E shown in Fig. 5
It is more added for the time difference is not present between the start time point of overvoltage protection, thus for the overvoltage protection of corresponding electronic switch Q1
It is kind.
Protection location 40C shown in protection location 40B or Fig. 7 shown in the structure and Fig. 6 of the protection location 40E shown in Fig. 9
Or protection location 40D shown in Fig. 8 structure it is identical when, the effect of setting electric current increasing unit 46A is described as follows：It is single in protection
It is over-pressed when corresponding to electronic switch Q1 in the case that first 40E will not cause delay for the overvoltage protection of corresponding electronic switch Q1,
Correspond to the voltage breakdown clamping unit 30 between the first conducting end of electronic switch Q1 and the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1
In multiple Zener diodes being connected in series with when, clamping unit 30 will produce the electricity for the control terminal for flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1
Stream, the electric current that above-mentioned inflow corresponds to the control terminal of electronic switch Q1 can be to the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1 (such as corresponding electricity
The grid of sub switch Q1) capacitance charge so that the current potential of the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1 increases, and then causes pair
Electronic switch Q1 is answered to be connected.
Since the electric current increasing unit 46A electric currents that above-mentioned inflow can be corresponded to the control terminal of electronic switch Q1 increase, thus
When electric current increasing unit 46A is set clamping unit 30 generate for controlling the electric current of corresponding electronic switch Q1 conducting relative to not having
The electric current for controlling corresponding electronic switch Q1 conductings that clamping unit 30 generates when having setting electric current increasing unit 46A wants small,
Therefore the thermal losses of clamping unit 30 is clamped relative to when being not provided with electric current increasing unit 46A when setting electric current increasing unit 46A
The thermal losses of bit location 30 wants low, on the one hand reduces the power consumption of clamp circuit 30, on the other hand reduces clamping unit
The fever of four in 30 Zener diode Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 being connected in series with, to four two poles of the Zener being connected in series with
Pipe Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 realize Thermal protection.
Lower part introduces the particular circuit configurations of electric current increasing unit 46A.
Specifically, in infinite embodiment, electric current increasing unit 46A includes the first Zener diode Z1, three poles
Pipe Q4, first resistor R1 and second resistance R2.Clamping unit 30 is electrically coupled to the base stage of triode Q4 and corresponding electronic switch
Between the first conducting end of Q1, the collector of triode Q4 receives the second DC voltage Vcc, first resistor by second resistance R2
Base stage electrical couplings of the cathode of the first end of R1 and the first Zener diode Z1 with triode Q4, the second of first resistor R1
End, the anode of the first Zener diode Z1 and triode Q4 emitter with the electrical coupling of control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1
It closes.
The operation principle of electric current increasing unit 46A is described below：As both end voltage (such as the IGBT of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Collector to-boase voltage VGE) so that clamping unit 30 in four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 and Zener two
When pole pipe Z1 is breakdown, triode Q4 conductings, from the second DC voltage Vcc via resistance R2 and the triode Q4 inflows pair of conducting
The electric current that the electric current of the control terminal of inductive switch unit Q1 is Iz2 and clamping unit 30 generates is Iz so that is flowed into inductive switch
The total current I of the control terminal of unit Q1Always=Iz+Iz2 is increased when relative to being not provided with electric current increasing unit 46A from clamper
Unit 30 flows into the electric current of the control terminal of corresponding switch unit Q1.
Referring to Fig. 10, its functional block diagram for the 6th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.It is over-pressed shown in Figure 10
Protect overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in circuit 80F and Fig. 5 difference lies in：Overvoltage crowbar 80F shown in Figure 10 further includes electricity
Flow increasing unit 46B.Protection shown in protection location 40A or Fig. 6 shown in the structure and Fig. 5 of protection location 40E shown in Figure 10 is single
Either the structure of protection location 40D shown in protection location 40C shown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 8 is identical by first 40B.Electric current increasing unit 46B is used
In the electric current for increasing the control terminal (such as grid of IGBT) for flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30.
Electric current increasing unit 46B includes the first Zener diode Z1, triode Q4, first resistor R1, second resistance R2, the
Two Zener diode Z2,3rd resistor R3, the 4th resistance R4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6.Clamping unit 30 is electrically coupled to correspondence
Between the first conducting end and the first end of 3rd resistor R3 of electronic switch Q1, the second end of 3rd resistor R3 passes through first resistor
R1 is electrically coupled to the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1.
The base stage of triode Q4 is electrically coupled between first resistor R1 and 3rd resistor R3.The collector of triode Q4 is logical
Cross second resistance R2 and receive the second DC voltage Vcc, the anode of the first Zener diode Z1 and the emitter of triode Q4 with
The control terminal electrical couplings of corresponding electronic switch Q1, the cathode of the first Zener diode Z1 and the electrical coupling of base stage of triode Q4
It closes.The cathode of second Zener diode Z2 is electrically coupled between clamping unit 30 and 3rd resistor R3, the second Zener diode
The anode of Z2 and the base stage electrical couplings of triode Q4.The cathode of the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 and the second Zener diode Z2
Electrical couplings；The drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 receives third DC voltage, the source of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 by the 4th resistance R4
The control terminal electrical couplings of pole and corresponding electronic switch Q1.
The operation principle of electric current increasing unit 46B is described below：As both end voltage (such as the IGBT of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Collector to-boase voltage Vcg) so that four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 and first in clamping unit 30 are neat
Receive diode Z1 and the second Zener diode Z2 breakdown when, triode Q4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 conducting, from the second direct current
It is I to press Vcc to flow into the electric current of the control terminal of corresponding switch unit Q1 via the triode Q4 of resistance R2 and conducting1, straight from third
It is I that galvanic electricity, which presses Vdd to flow into the electric current of the control terminal of corresponding switch unit Q1 via the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q6 of resistance R4 and conducting,2,
And the electric current that clamping unit 30 generates is Iz so that flows into the total current I of the control terminal of corresponding switch unit Q1Always=Iz+I1+
I2, when relative to being not provided with electric current increasing unit 46B, increase the control that corresponding switch unit Q1 is flowed into from clamping unit 30
The electric current at end.
1 is please referred to Fig.1, is the waveform diagram of overvoltage crowbar 80F shown in Figure 10.It can be seen from figure 11 that with
An examples of the IGBT as corresponding switch unit Q1, when the collector emitter voltage Vce of corresponding switch unit Q1 is more than the
When one predetermined voltage Vth1, four Zeners in collector-grid voltage Vcg breakdown clamping units 30 of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Diode Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33, as shown in figure 11, the electric current Iz for flowing through four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 increase
It is big；Namely flow into the electric current I of the grid of corresponding electronic switch Q1AlwaysIncrease, leads to collector-transmitting of corresponding switch unit Q1
Pole tension Vce declines, and has achieved the purpose that prevent corresponding switch unit Q1 from damaging because of overvoltage.Similarly, when corresponding switch unit
When the collector emitter voltage Vce of Q1 is more than the second predetermined voltage Vth2, detector 44 controls pulse generator 450 and generates
Continue the pulse of a predetermined time so that the predetermined time is connected in protection switch S1, to which DC voltage Vee is applied to correspondence
The grid of switch unit Q1；As shown in figure 11, the gate-emitter voltage Vge of corresponding switch unit Q1 is increased；So that corresponding to
The predetermined time is connected in electronic switch Q1, and as shown in figure 11, the collector current Ic of corresponding switch unit Q1 significantly declines
；Thus also efficiently avoid corresponding switch unit Q1 avalanche breakdowns due to overvoltage.Oscillogram can be seen as shown in Figure 11
Go out, the collector emitter voltage spike Vce-max of corresponding switch unit Q1 is effectively inhibited, to overvoltage protection
Circuit 80F has effectively achieved the overvoltage protection for corresponding switch unit Q1, improves reliability.
2 are please referred to Fig.1, is the functional block diagram of the 7th kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar.It is over-pressed shown in Figure 12
Protect overvoltage crowbar 80A shown in circuit 80G and Fig. 5 difference lies in：Overvoltage crowbar 80G shown in Figure 12 further includes electricity
Flow increasing unit 46C.Protection shown in protection location 40A or Fig. 6 shown in the structure and Fig. 5 of protection location 40E shown in Figure 12 is single
Either the structure of protection location 40D shown in protection location 40C shown in Fig. 7 or Fig. 8 is identical by first 40B.Electric current increasing unit 46C is used
In the electric current for increasing the control terminal (such as grid of IGBT) for flowing into corresponding electronic switch Q1 from clamping unit 30.
Electric current increasing unit 46A shown in the 46C of electric current increasing unit shown in Figure 12 and Fig. 9 difference lies in：It is electric shown in Figure 12
Used by flowing electric current increasing unit 46A shown in switching speed ratio Fig. 9 of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 used by increasing unit 46C
The switching speed of triode Q4 is fast, therefore can quickly increase the control terminal that corresponding electronic switch Q1 is flowed into from clamping unit
The electric current of (such as grid of IGBT), to quickly realize that overvoltage crowbar 80G is directed to the overvoltage of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Protection, more efficiently prevents from corresponding electronic switch Q1 by over-voltage breakdown.
Electric current increasing unit 46C includes Zener diode Z5, first resistor R10, second resistance R11 and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
Q8, first resistor R10 are electrically coupled between clamping unit 30 and the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch Q1.Zener diode Z5's
The control terminal electrical couplings of anode and corresponding electronic switch Q1；The cathode of Zener diode Z5 be electrically coupled to clamping unit 30 with
Between first resistor R10, the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 and the cathode electrical couplings of Zener diode Z5, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8
Drain electrode pass through second resistance R11 and receive DC voltage Vdd, the control of the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 and corresponding electronic switch Q1
End electrical couplings processed.
The operation principle of electric current increasing unit 46C is described below：As both end voltage (such as the IGBT of corresponding electronic switch Q1
Collector to-boase voltage Vcg) so that clamping unit 30 in four Zener diodes Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 and Zener two
When pole pipe Z5 is breakdown, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q8 conductings, from DC voltage Vdd via resistance R11 and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor of conducting
The electric current that the electric current that Q8 flows into the control terminal of corresponding switch unit Q1 is Imos and clamping unit 30 generates is Iz so that stream
Enter the total current I of the control terminal of corresponding switch unit Q1Always=Iz+Imos, when relative to being not provided with electric current increasing unit 46C,
Increase the electric current for the control terminal that corresponding switch unit Q1 is flowed into from clamping unit 30.
Although in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
It can be with many modifications may be made and modification to the present invention.It is therefore contemplated that claims are intended to cover in the present invention
All such modifications in true spirit and range and modification.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of switch module, it is characterised in that：The switch module includes：
At least two electronic switches being connected in series with；
At least two overvoltage crowbars, respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with；Each overvoltage
Protection circuit include：
Clamping unit, it is right to this for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The electronic switch answered；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic cutting to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
It closes, which is used to control the corresponding electricity when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage
A predetermined time is connected in sub switch, which includes：Detector, for being more than when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch
Over-voltage fault signal is generated when second predetermined voltage；Controller generates protection signal for responding the over-voltage fault signal；It drives
The predetermined time is connected for controlling the corresponding electronic switch according to the protection signal in dynamic device.
2. switch module as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The controller is additionally operable to not generate the mistake when the detector
Drive signal is generated when pressing fault-signal, which is additionally operable to control the corresponding electronic switch conducting according to the drive signal
Or shutdown.
3. a kind of switch module, it is characterised in that：The switch module includes：
At least two electronic switches being connected in series with；
At least two overvoltage crowbars, respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with；Each overvoltage
Protection circuit include：
Clamping unit, it is right to this for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The electronic switch answered；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic cutting to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
It closes, which is used to control the corresponding electricity when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage
A predetermined time is connected in sub switch, which includes：
Detector, for generating over-voltage fault letter when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage
Number；
Protection switch has the control terminal of the first conducting terminal, electronic switch corresponding with this that are used to receive the first DC voltage
Second conducting terminal of electrical couplings and for receive control signal control terminal；
Pulse generator, for generating the control signal according to the over-voltage fault signal, the control signal is for controlling this
Protect the predetermined time described in switch conduction.
4. a kind of switch module, it is characterised in that：The switch module includes：
At least two electronic switches being connected in series with；
At least two overvoltage crowbars, respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with；Each overvoltage
Protection circuit include：
Clamping unit, it is right to this for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The electronic switch answered；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic cutting to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
It closes, which includes：
Detector, for generating over-voltage fault letter when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage
Number；
Amplifier；
Diode；The control terminal electrical couplings of the cathode of diode electronic switch corresponding with this, the anode of the diode with should
Amplifier electrical couplings；The amplifier is for being amplified the over-voltage fault signal, and by the over-voltage fault signal of amplification
It is exported to the control terminal of the correspondence electronic switch by the diode；The over-voltage fault signal of the amplification is corresponding for this to be connected
Electronic switch.
5. a kind of switch module, it is characterised in that：The switch module includes：
At least two electronic switches being connected in series with；
At least two overvoltage crowbars, respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with；Each overvoltage
Protection circuit include：
Clamping unit, it is right to this for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The electronic switch answered；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic cutting to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
It closes, which further includes electric current increasing unit, which is somebody's turn to do for increasing to flow into from the clamping unit
The electric current of the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch, the electric current increasing unit include the first Zener diode, triode, first resistor and
Second resistance, the clamping unit are electrically coupled between the first conducting end of base stage electronic switch corresponding with this of the triode,
The collector of the triode receives the second DC voltage, the first end of the first resistor and first Zener by the second resistance
The cathode of diode with the base stage electrical couplings of the triode, the second end of the first resistor, first Zener diode
The control terminal electrical couplings of the emitter of anode and triode electronic switch corresponding with this.
6. switch module as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The electric current increasing unit further includes two pole of the second Zener
Pipe, 3rd resistor, the 4th resistance and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor；The 3rd resistor is electrically coupled to the base stage and the clamper of the triode
Between unit, the cathode of second Zener diode is electrically coupled between the clamping unit and the 3rd resistor, this is second neat
Receive the anode of diode and the base stage electrical couplings of the triode；The grid of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor and second Zener diode
Cathode electrical couplings；The drain electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor receives third DC voltage, the MOS field-effects by the 4th resistance
The control terminal electrical couplings of the source electrode of pipe electronic switch corresponding with this.
7. a kind of switch module, it is characterised in that：The switch module includes：
At least two electronic switches being connected in series with；
At least two overvoltage crowbars, respectively at least two electronic switch electrical couplings being connected in series with；Each overvoltage
Protection circuit include：
Clamping unit, it is right to this for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The electronic switch answered；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic cutting to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
It closes, which further includes electric current increasing unit, which is somebody's turn to do for increasing to flow into from the clamping unit
The electric current of the control terminal of corresponding electronic switch, the electric current increasing unit include Zener diode, first resistor, second resistance and
Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, the first resistor are electrically coupled between the control terminal of clamping unit electronic switch corresponding with this, the Zener
The control terminal electrical couplings of the anode of diode electronic switch corresponding with this；The cathode of the Zener diode is electrically coupled to the pincers
Between bit location and the first resistor, the grid of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor and the cathode electrical couplings of Zener diode, the MOS
The drain electrode of effect pipe receives DC voltage by the second resistance, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor electronic switch corresponding with this
Control terminal electrical couplings.
8. a kind of converter, it is characterised in that：The converter is used for by converting direct-current voltage into alternating-current voltage or by alternating current
Pressure is converted into DC voltage, which includes multiple switch module, and each module that switchs includes at least two being connected in series with
Electronic switch and at least two overvoltage crowbars, at least two overvoltage crowbar at least two are connected in series with this respectively
Electronic switch electrical couplings, each overvoltage crowbar includes：
Clamping unit, it is right to this for providing clamp voltage when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the first predetermined voltage
The electronic switch answered；
Protection location, for the corresponding electronic cutting to be connected when the both end voltage of corresponding electronic switch is more than the second predetermined voltage
It closes, which is used to control the corresponding electricity when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage
A predetermined time is connected in sub switch；The protection location includes：
Detector, for generating over-voltage fault letter when the both end voltage of the correspondence electronic switch is more than second predetermined voltage
Number；
Protection switch has the control terminal of the first conducting terminal, electronic switch corresponding with this that are used to receive the first DC voltage
Second conducting terminal of electrical couplings and for receive control signal control terminal；
Pulse generator, for generating the control signal according to the over-voltage fault signal, the control signal is for controlling this
Protect the predetermined time described in switch conduction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310666305.1A CN104702252B (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2013-12-10 | Switch module, converter and electrical energy changer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310666305.1A CN104702252B (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2013-12-10 | Switch module, converter and electrical energy changer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104702252A CN104702252A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| CN104702252B true CN104702252B (en) | 2018-10-12 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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| CN201310666305.1A Expired - Fee Related CN104702252B (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2013-12-10 | Switch module, converter and electrical energy changer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6825223B2 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2021-02-03 | 富士電機株式会社 | Drive and inductive load drive |
| CN106026621B (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-09-18 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of band avoids the IGBT drive circuit and detection method of short-circuit protection blind area |
| FR3083392B1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-08-28 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | AVALANCHE DETECTION PROCESS IN A POWER BRIDGE |
| FR3083393B1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-08-28 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | AVALANCHE DETECTION PROCESS OF A POWER BRIDGE |
| CN112087222A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-15 | 上海京硅智能技术有限公司 | Solid state electronic switch and hybrid switch with clamped voltage reduction |
| US20240128966A1 (en) * | 2021-02-17 | 2024-04-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Drive circuit for semiconductor switching device |
| CN113630111B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-02-18 | 广东赛微微电子股份有限公司 | Switch circuit and connector |
Citations (4)
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| CN1077825A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-10-27 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Be used for direct voltage is converted to the power converter of ac phase voltage |
| US6127746A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 2000-10-03 | International Rectifier Corp. | Method of controlling the switching DI/DT and DV/DT of a MOS-gated power transistor |
| CN101478143A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-07-08 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Active protective circuit for protecting series operation of semi-conductor device |
| CN102694531A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社电装 | Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1077825A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-10-27 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Be used for direct voltage is converted to the power converter of ac phase voltage |
| US6127746A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 2000-10-03 | International Rectifier Corp. | Method of controlling the switching DI/DT and DV/DT of a MOS-gated power transistor |
| CN101478143A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-07-08 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Active protective circuit for protecting series operation of semi-conductor device |
| CN102694531A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社电装 | Load drive apparatus and semiconductor switching device drive apparatus |
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| CN104702252A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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