CN104681844A - Microbial fuel cell for in-situ remediation of nitrate pollution of underground water - Google Patents
Microbial fuel cell for in-situ remediation of nitrate pollution of underground water Download PDFInfo
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- CN104681844A CN104681844A CN201510080184.1A CN201510080184A CN104681844A CN 104681844 A CN104681844 A CN 104681844A CN 201510080184 A CN201510080184 A CN 201510080184A CN 104681844 A CN104681844 A CN 104681844A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell for in-situ remediation of nitrate pollution of underground water. The microbial fuel cell is in an integral cylindrical structure and comprises an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, an anion-exchange membrane assembly and an external circuit system, wherein the anode chamber is externally arranged at the outer side of the cathode chamber in a sleeving manner, a water inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe are arranged on the top of the anode chamber, a biological anode is arranged in the anode chamber, anaerobic electricity-generating microorganisms are attached to the biological anode, the anode chamber is filled with an anode liquid and the anode liquid is organic wastewater; a water outlet pipe is arranged on the top of the cathode chamber, a biological cathode is arranged in the cathode chamber, electric active denitrification microorganisms are attached to the biological cathode, the cathode chamber is filled with a cathode liquid, and the cathode chamber is inoculated with efficient anaerobic denitrification microorganisms; the anion-exchange membrane assembly comprises an anion-exchange membrane and a carrying layer; the external circuit system comprises an external circuit, a lead and an electric signal collecting recorder. The microbial fuel cell disclosed by the invention has triple functions of removing organic wastes, generating electricity by the microorganisms and carrying out the in-situ remediation on the nitrate pollution of the underground water, is simple and compact in structure, is economic and efficient, and can continuously and stably operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to groundwater azotate pollution Treatment process field, relate to microbiological fuel cell, the interior gravity flow particularly relating to a kind of in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution is nested the biological fuel cell that declines.
Background technology
China's surface water pollution is contained comprehensively, and Drinking Water in China water source is affected, because underground water institute is contaminated relatively light, and its rich reserves, become one of topmost drinking water source of China.In recent years, due to discharge and the seepage of industrial wastewater and sanitary sewage, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals in agricultural production, ooze under the leaching of solid waste, groundwater azotate pollution is caused to be on the rise, the underground water drinking azotate pollution can constitute a threat to health, and cause the blue mass formed by blood stasis of baby and methemoglobinemia, the cancer that adult also can be caused related to this occurs.Therefore, groundwater azotate pollution is administered extremely urgent.
The treatment technology of nitrate in groundwater can be divided into dystopy removal, in-situ immobilization and monitoring Natural Attenuation technology.Groundwater azotate biology in situ recovery technique is stablized because of it, is disturbed little, simple to operate, capital construction and operating cost is lower etc. that advantage enjoys researcher to pay close attention to.But because in underground water, content of organics is few, heterotrophic denitrification is removed in nitrate process and is needed additionally to add organic substance as electron donor, and remaining organic substance will cause organic secondary pollution to underground water; In process, the growth of denitrifying microorganism can cause water-bearing layer to block simultaneously, causes microbe secondary pollution.Add H
2or S
0also there is some problems, 1. H in the groundwater azotate original position autotrophic denitrification bioremediation technology as electron donor
2in water, solubility is low, and utilance is low; 2. microbe or SO are caused to underground water
4 2-pollute; 3. H is added
2or S
0by the restriction of on-the-spot place and rock stratum, implement that difficulty is large, cost is high.Therefore carry out biological non-invasive type, economical and efficient, easily to implement and the groundwater azotate biology in situ recovery technique of non-secondary pollution is very necessary.
Microbiological fuel cell (Microbial Fuel Cell, MFC) for solution energy regeneration and refuse reclamation problem provide a kind of new way, it is a kind of using microbe as catalyst, the chemical energy in fuel (organic substance) is converted into the bioreactor of electric energy.Microbiological fuel cell reaction condition gentleness, economical and efficient, can collect pollution control and energy production is born in one.Utilize MFC process organic wastewater, decontamination production capacity can be realized simultaneously, become the study hotspot of environment, energy field.Utilize MFC process organic wastewater to achieve major progress, and it is less MFC to be used for biological denitrificaion research, at present also not used for the research of groundwater azotate in-situ immobilization; Use it for groundwater azotate pollution in-situ immobilization and there is good development potentiality and application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency overcoming existing groundwater azotate pollution based technique for in-situ remediation, solve the technology barrier that traditional MFC cannot be used in groundwater azotate pollution in-situ immobilization, provide a kind of interior gravity flow of in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution to be nested the biological fuel cell that declines.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of microbiological fuel cell of in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution, this microbiological fuel cell overall structure is cylindric, and the in situ environment be placed in residing for underground water, it comprises anode chamber, cathode chamber, anion exchange membrane module and external circuit system, it is the form of being nested between anode chamber and cathode chamber, anolyte is from flowing into cathode chamber
Described anode chamber is coated at outside cathode chamber, and its top is provided with water inlet pipe, blast pipe, is provided with biological anode in anode chamber, biological anode adheres to anaerobism electrogenesis microbe, anode chamber is full of anolyte, and anolyte is organic wastewater, anode chamber's inoculation efficient anaerobic digestion microbe;
Described cathode chamber is embedded in inside anode chamber, itself and anode chamber are by being separated baffle for separating, its top is provided with outlet pipe, biological-cathode is provided with in cathode chamber, biological-cathode adheres to electroactive denitrifying microorganism, cathode chamber is full of catholyte, and catholyte is the anode chamber's water outlet from flowing into cathode chamber, cathode chamber inoculation efficient anaerobic denitrifying microorganism;
Described anion exchange membrane module is positioned at periphery, anode chamber, it comprises anion-exchange membrane and supporting layer, anion exchange film close is fixed on supporting layer, supporting layer is netted cylinder, can support anion-exchange membrane, microbial fuel cells system is directly contacted with underground water in situ environment by anion exchange membrane module.
Described external circuit system comprises external resistance, wire and electrical signal collection recorder, and external resistance two ends connect biological anode and biological-cathode respectively by wire, and electrical signal collection recorder is parallel to external resistance two ends real time record voltage.
Further, described anolyte is organic wastewater, and pH is 6.5 ~ 7.5, and catholyte is anolyte water outlet, namely automatically flows into the liquid of cathode chamber from anode chamber
Further, the electric conducting material of described biological anode and biological-cathode is the one in carbon cloth, carbon-point, carbon felt or carbon fiber brush.
Further, described cathode chamber is embedded in anode chamber, and it is separated baffle for separating with anode chamber by cylindrical, and anolyte flows into cathode chamber certainly by the gap at dividing plate and top, anode chamber.
Diameter ratio between described anode chamber and cathode chamber is 2 ~ 4:1, and anode chamber's diameter is 1:1 ~ 3 with the ratio of height, and anode chamber and cathode chamber height difference are 1 ~ 5cm, and being separated chinky altitude gap length between dividing plate top and top, anode chamber is 1 ~ 5cm.
Described biological anode, the distance between biological-cathode and cylindrical separator are 0.5 ~ 2cm, and biological anode surface area and anode chamber's volume ratio are 1.5 ~ 3 m
2: 1m
3, the volume ratio of biological-cathode surface area and cathode chamber is 1.5 ~ 3 m
2: 1m
3.
Microorganism fuel cell original position removes the operation principle of nitrate pollution:
The biological fuel cell that declines of interior gravity flow being nested is placed in underground water in situ environment, and nitrate in groundwater can enter anode chamber by anion-exchange membrane under electric attraction effect.Be continuously pumped into organic wastewater by peristaltic pump in anode chamber under the catalytic action of anaerobism electrogenesis microbe, to be oxidized to carbon dioxide to discharge electronics simultaneously, carbon dioxide is discharged by anode chamber's blast pipe, and electronics arrives biological anode and reaches biological-cathode via external circuit; Anode chamber's water outlet containing nitrate, proton flows into cathode chamber certainly by the gap between cylindrical separator and top, anode chamber, in the cathodic compartment, under the catalytic action of electroactive denitrifying microorganism, nitrate accepts the electronics that biological-cathode provides, thus be reduced to nitrogen, nitrogen is discharged by blast pipe, thus makes the nitrate in underground water obtain original position removal.
This microbial fuel cell unit has organic wastewater improvement, microorganism electricity generation and groundwater azotate pollution in-situ immobilization triple functions, the technical barrier of microbiological fuel cell for in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution can be captured, the continuous operation of groundwater azotate in-situ immobilization process can be realized, can avoid in biology in situ repair process the problem such as organic substance secondary pollution and water-bearing layer microorganism clogging that underground water causes, and this apparatus structure is simply compact, economical and efficient.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
(1) in-situ immobilization is by the underground water of azotate pollution, and avoid underground water rock stratum to be damaged, have simple to operation, efficiency is high, low cost and other advantages.
(2) do not need additionally to add electron donor, reduce and implement difficulty, improve utilance, solve the problems such as mass transfer difficulty, avoid the secondary pollution of debirs to underground water.
(3), while repairing the underground water by azotate pollution in position, achieve the function of organic pollutant removal and biological electrogenesis, reduce the treatment cost of nitrate pollution.
(4) this microbiological fuel cell can continuous and steady operation, economical and efficient, is easy to safeguard, is convenient to Long-Time Service.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the microbiological fuel cell specific embodiment of in-situ remediation of underground water nitrate of the present invention overlook sectional structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the front section view of microbiological fuel cell;
Wherein: anode chamber 1, anion-exchange membrane 2, anion-exchange membrane supporting layer 3, anolyte 4, biological anode 5, be separated dividing plate 6, anode water inlet pipe 7, blast pipe 8, external circuit system 9, electrical signal collection recorder 10, external resistance 11, wire 12, negative electrode outlet pipe 13, cathode chamber 14, biological-cathode 15, catholyte 16.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The present invention utilizes interior gravity flow to be nested to decline biological fuel cell in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution.Enter the passage of MFC anode chamber using anion-exchange membrane as nitrate in groundwater, stop microbe in MFC to enter groundwater environment simultaneously, effectively can avoid the secondary pollution that microbe and organic substance cause underground water; With anaerobic denitrifying bacterium in cathode chamber for catalyst, the nitrate entering cathode chamber accepts the electronics on biological-cathode, is reduced to nitrogen and is removed.The concrete structure of this microbiological fuel cell is as follows:
With reference to shown in Fig. 1-2, in a kind of in-situ remediation of underground water, the interior gravity flow of nitrate is nested the biological fuel cell that declines, and comprises anode chamber 1, cathode chamber 14, anion exchange membrane module (2 and 3) and external circuit system 9;
Anode chamber 1 is placed on outside cathode chamber 14, and its top is provided with water inlet pipe 7, blast pipe 8, be provided with biological anode 5 in anode chamber 1, biological anode 5 adhere to anaerobism electrogenesis microbe, in anode chamber 1, be full of anolyte 4, anolyte is organic wastewater, and anode chamber 1 inoculates efficient anaerobic digestion microbe;
Cathode chamber 14 is embedded in inside anode chamber 1, it is separated by being separated dividing plate 6 with anode chamber, its top is provided with outlet pipe 13, biological-cathode 15 is provided with in cathode chamber 14, biological-cathode 15 adheres to electroactive denitrifying microorganism, be full of catholyte 16 in cathode chamber 14, catholyte 16 is the water outlet from the anode chamber 1 flowing into cathode chamber, and cathode chamber 14 inoculates efficient anaerobic denitrifying microorganism.
Anion exchange membrane module is positioned at periphery, anode chamber, it comprises anion-exchange membrane 2 and supporting layer 3, anion-exchange membrane 2 is closely fixed on supporting layer 3, supporting layer 3 is netted cylinder, can support anion-exchange membrane 2, microbial fuel cells system is directly contacted with underground water in situ environment by anion exchange membrane module.
The material of biological anode 5 and biological-cathode 15 is carbon cloth, carbon-point, the one in carbon felt or carbon fiber brush.
External circuit system 9 is provided with wire 12, external resistance 11 and electrical signal collection recorder 10, and external resistance 11 is connected with biological-cathode 15 with biological anode 5 respectively by wire 12, and electrical signal collection recorder 10 is connected in parallel on external resistance 11 two ends real time record magnitude of voltage.
Wherein, anolyte 4 is organic wastewater, and pH is 6.5 ~ 7.5, and catholyte 16 is anolyte water outlet.
Wherein, the diameter ratio between anode chamber 1 and cathode chamber 14 is 2 ~ 4:1, and anode chamber 1 diameter is 1:1 ~ 3 with the ratio of height, and being separated gap length between dividing plate 6 top and top, anode chamber 1 is 1 ~ 5cm.
Wherein, biological anode 5, biological-cathode 15 are 0.5 ~ 2cm with the distance be separated between dividing plate 6, and biological anode 5 surface area and anode chamber 1 volume ratio are 1.5 ~ 3 m
2: 1m
3, the volume ratio of biological-cathode 15 surface area and cathode chamber 14 is 1.5 ~ 3 m
2: 1m
3.
Specific works principle:
In anode chamber's inoculation efficient anaerobic digestion microbe, via peristaltic pump, organic wastewater is pumped into anode chamber, as the electron donor of microbiological fuel cell, cathode chamber inoculation efficient anaerobic denitrifying microorganism, using enter anode chamber by anion-exchange membrane and final with anolyte water outlet from flowing into the nitrate of cathode chamber as electron acceptor.Anaerobism electrogenesis microbial degradation organic wastewater discharges electronics simultaneously, electronics arrives biological-cathode through biological anode, external circuit, accepted thus generation current by nitrate under the catalytic action of electroactive anaerobic denitrifying microbe, in this process, nitrate is reduced into nitrogen, thus makes nitrate in groundwater be able to original position removal.
Test proves, interior gravity flow cover embedded Biocathode microbial fuel cell of the present invention can realize in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution, simultaneously can electrogenesis, device volume is little, economical and efficient, can continuous and steady operation, the secondary pollution avoiding in-situ immobilization China and foreign countries to add organic substance and functional microorganism causing underground water.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and be not restriction the present invention being made to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and remodeling, still belong to the protection range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the microbiological fuel cell of an in-situ remediation of underground water azotate pollution, it is characterized in that: described microbiological fuel cell overall structure is cylindric, and the in situ environment be placed in residing for underground water, it comprises anode chamber, cathode chamber, anion exchange membrane module and external circuit system, it is the form of being nested between anode chamber and cathode chamber, anolyte is from flowing into cathode chamber
Described anode chamber is coated at outside cathode chamber, and its top is provided with water inlet pipe, blast pipe, is provided with biological anode in anode chamber, biological anode adheres to anaerobism electrogenesis microbe, anode chamber is full of anolyte, and anolyte is organic wastewater, anode chamber's inoculation efficient anaerobic digestion microbe;
Described cathode chamber is embedded in inside anode chamber, it is separated baffle for separating with anode chamber by cylindrical, its top is provided with outlet pipe, biological-cathode is provided with in cathode chamber, biological-cathode adheres to electroactive denitrifying microorganism, cathode chamber is full of catholyte, and catholyte is the anode chamber's water outlet from flowing into cathode chamber, cathode chamber inoculation efficient anaerobic denitrifying microorganism;
Described anion exchange membrane module is positioned at periphery, anode chamber, it comprises anion-exchange membrane and supporting layer, anion-exchange membrane is fixed on supporting layer, supporting layer is netted cylinder, for supporting anion-exchange membrane, microbial fuel cells system is directly contacted with underground water in situ environment by anion exchange membrane module;
Described external circuit system comprises external resistance, wire and electrical signal collection recorder, and external resistance two ends connect biological anode and biological-cathode respectively by wire, and electrical signal collection recorder is parallel to external resistance two ends real time record voltage.
2. microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described anolyte is organic wastewater, pH is 6.5 ~ 7.5, and described catholyte is anode chamber's water outlet.
3. microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described biological anode and biological-cathode adopt carbon cloth, carbon-point, the one in carbon felt or carbon fiber brush.
4. microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the gap length between described cylindrical separation dividing plate top and top, anode chamber is 1 ~ 5cm.
5. microbiological fuel cell according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described anolyte by be separated dividing plate and top, anode chamber gap oneself flow into cathode chamber.
6. microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter ratio between described anode chamber and cathode chamber is 2 ~ 4:1, and anode chamber's diameter is 1:1 ~ 3 with the ratio of height, and the difference of anode chamber and cathode chamber height is 1 ~ 5cm.
7. microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described biological anode, biological-cathode are 0.5 ~ 2cm with the cylindrical distance be separated between dividing plate, and biological anode surface area and anode chamber's volume ratio are 1.5 ~ 3 m
2: 1m
3, the volume ratio of biological-cathode surface area and cathode chamber is 1.5 ~ 3 m
2: 1m
3.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN106186302A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of device repairing subsoil water based on electrode biomembrane and microbiological fuel cell |
| CN107576706A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-12 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of nitrate concentration sensor based on biological fuel cell and electricity production bacterium |
| CN110563158A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Zero-valent iron-based coil spring type microbial fuel cell capable of synchronously removing nitrogen and phosphorus and working method thereof |
| CN114804509A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-29 | 河北大学 | System and method for repairing high nitrate nitrogen underground water by using secondary effluent |
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