CN104508834A - Photovoltaic power generation system free of bypass diodes - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation system free of bypass diodes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104508834A CN104508834A CN201380035972.8A CN201380035972A CN104508834A CN 104508834 A CN104508834 A CN 104508834A CN 201380035972 A CN201380035972 A CN 201380035972A CN 104508834 A CN104508834 A CN 104508834A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000321453 Paranthias colonus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A photovoltaic power generation system that includes a solar panel that is free of bypass diodes is described herein. The solar panel includes a plurality of photovoltaic sub-modules, wherein at least two of photovoltaic sub-modules in the plurality of photovoltaic sub-modules are electrically connected in parallel. A photovoltaic sub-module includes a plurality of groups of electrically connected photovoltaic cells, wherein at least two of the groups are electrically connected in series. A photovoltaic group includes a plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells, wherein a string of photovoltaic cells comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected in series. The strings of photovoltaic cells are electrically connected in parallel, and the photovoltaic cells are microsystem-enabled photovoltaic cells.
Description
the cross reference of related application
This application claims on July 6th, 2012 submit to and be entitled as " PHOTOVOLTAICPOWER GENERATION SYSTEM FREE OF BYPASS DIODES " the 13/543rd, the priority of No. 297 U.S. Patent applications.The entirety of this application is incorporated into this by reference.
statement of government interest
The present invention develops according to the DE-AC04-94AL85000 contract between Sandia Corporation (Sandia Corporation) and USDOE.U.S. government has certain right for the present invention.
Background technology
Demand to alternative energy source is added together with the non-renewable character of these fossil fuels with the environmental problem utilizing fossil fuel power relevant.The exemplary power system of regenerative resource is utilized to comprise solar power system, wind generator system, water power electricity generation system, system for geothermal production of electricity etc.
Conventional solar power system---especially those are used to provide the system of electric power to house---comprises solar panels, and solar panels comprise multiple relatively large Silicon photrouics (such as, about six inches are multiplied by six inches).Such as, single solar panels can comprise about 72 batteries.Solar cell is manufactured to and exports certain voltage (such as, 0.6 volt of silion cell), the amount of the solar radiation of the specific wavelength no matter received at solar cell place, this voltage approximately constant, and solar cell is electrically connected in series in solar panels, therefore solar panels produce about 40 volts.Typical house solar energy system comprises some (such as, 5 to 10) solar panels, and plate is electrically connected in series, thus causes hundreds of serial battery electrical connections, and common output is approximately equal to the voltage of the voltage summation of individual battery.It is, however, to be noted that when solar cell and plate electricity arranged in series, the electric current across battery each in each solar panels must be equal.
Because the electric current of photovoltaic cell is proportional with the light incided on battery, if the light level that a battery receptacle in being connected in series is low, whole being connected in series has low electric current.Therefore, when a part for a battery or battery has low light level (such as, owing to covering), the typical solar power system configuration comprising some solar panels has serious electric current and reduces (reducing with power stage).Usually, when solar power system is arranged on house or other buildings, therefore trees or other barriers, and, may cover the frequent generation of part meeting of at least assembly nearby.
When there is the covering of certain pattern across solar power system, except non-protected electric device is gone up in position, otherwise solar cell can be seriously damaged.Such as, if single solar cell is covered by barrier, and every other battery in solar power system is all illuminated, and so this single battery can be driven into reverse breakdown, to support the current flowing generated by other batteries.In current solar power generation is installed, battery current is about 5 amperes, and the puncture voltage of silion cell is about 60 volts or higher, and this depends on battery design for the production of battery and manufacturing technology.Not homogeneity process owing to puncturing across large battery, relatively large electric current (5 amperes) can cause device to break down in short circuit or open-circuit condition with relative large power (more than 100 watts), thus cause misoperation and to battery, plate and/or install permanent damages.
For prevent solar power generation install in photovoltaic cell be driven into reverse breakdown, bypass diode is located across battery selectively, thus never photoelectric current battery transfer current and prevent these batteries from entering breakdown area.But the use of bypass diode consumes the space in solar power generation installation, relatively costly, and adds the installation time of solar panels.And, use bypass diode that too much power can be caused to produce loss, because 1/3rd (such as, usually having three bypass diodes in plate) of battery in the general baffle of each bypass diode.Therefore, if a battery crested, produce will be lost from the power being bypassed all batteries that diode covers.
Summary of the invention
It is below the brief outline to theme in greater detail herein.This summary is not intended to the scope limiting claim.
Described herein is the various technology relevant with photovoltaic generating system.More specifically, there is described herein not containing the photovoltaic generating system of any bypass diode.In the exemplary embodiment, photovoltaic generating system can comprise at least one solar panels (being also called assembly), and solar panels are made up of multiple photovoltaic sub-component.Each photovoltaic sub-component can have the operating voltage between 50 volts and 2000 volts, and therefore, multiple plate can be arranged in parallel by electricity.In the rated operational voltage of the solar panels scope generally between 200 volts and 500 volts, this is best substantially for customary commercial inverter, because the current supervision of the U.S. is restricted to 600 volts, although appended claim is by such supervision restriction so restriction.In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, the width of photovoltaic sub-component can be less than 30 centimetres and length is less than 30 centimetres, although consider the sub-component of other size.In solar panels, being arranged in parallel of photovoltaic sub-component is convenient to prevent when particular child assembly or one group of sub-component are subject to covering, across the power that the dissipation of one of these sub-components is relatively a large amount of.
In another exemplary embodiment, each photovoltaic sub-component can comprise the group of multiple connection battery, and wherein each group is configured to export between 2 volts and 3 volts, and the subset wherein at least organized is electrically connected in series.Often group in photovoltaic module connects battery can comprise multiple photovoltaic cell string, wherein photovoltaic cell connection in series-parallel electrical connection.Each photovoltaic cell string can comprise multiple photovoltaic cell be electrically connected in series.In solar panels, the layout of this series/parallel/series/parallel of photovoltaic cell is convenient to prevent relatively a large amount of electric currents to be driven through any single photovoltaic cell, as the accidental crested of this battery (and other batteries illuminated) in solar panels.
According to example, can be the photovoltaic cell making micro-system become possible for constructing the photovoltaic cell of solar panels, it be configured to have the operating voltage between 0.3 volt and 2.0 volts.Due to relatively a large amount of batteries can be comprised (such as in given solar panels, more than 30,000 battery), possible pattern is covered for almost any on solar panels, the quantity of power that can dissipate across single battery will not cause damage to any given battery, even if this is battery operated at reverse breakdown.Therefore, solar panels described herein do not need to comprise bypass diode, and bypass diode is used to guarantee that the battery in solar panels is not damaged when these batteries one or more are operated in reverse breakdown usually.This is because in solar panels described in this article, the power dissipation across single battery can not exceed the threshold value damaging battery, even if such battery is breakdown.That is, battery can continue infinitely work at reverse breakdown and do not suffer damage, because the magnitude of current that can import to any battery in solar panels is relatively little.
As the above mentioned, the photovoltaic cell in solar panels can be the battery of micro-system enable (microsystem-enabled).According to example, such battery can be III-V battery, such as gallium arsenide cells, InGaP battery or InGaAsP battery.In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, photovoltaic cell can comprise silion cell.Again in other embodiments, photovoltaic cell can comprise germanium photovoltaic cell.According to another exemplary embodiment, solar panels can comprise multi-junction photovoltaic battery, and wherein, each multi-junction photovoltaic battery can comprise the photovoltaic cell of multiple different band gap.According to example, each photovoltaic cell in multi-junction photovoltaic battery can be electrically connected in series integratedly, makes the operating voltage of multi-junction photovoltaic battery equal the summation of the enable photovoltaic cell operating voltage of wherein corresponding micro-system.In another exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic cell of independent type can be arranged by series and parallel connections selectively, and wherein the number of the photovoltaic cell of electric arranged in series can depend on desired output or intermediate voltage.
Other side will be understood by reading and understanding accompanying drawing and describe.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the exemplary solar panels comprising multiple photovoltaic sub-component.
Fig. 2 illustrates the exemplary photovoltaic sub-component of the photovoltaic group comprising multiple electrical connection photovoltaic cell.
Fig. 3 illustrates the exemplary photovoltaic battery pack comprising multiple photovoltaic cell string.
Fig. 4 illustrates another the exemplary solar panels comprising multiple photovoltaic sub-component, and photovoltaic sub-component itself comprises corresponding multiple electrical connection photovoltaic cell group.
Fig. 5 illustrates the photovoltaic cell that exemplary many knot micro-systems are enable.
Fig. 6 illustrates the illustrative methods for constructing the solar panels not comprising bypass diode.
Fig. 7 illustrates the illustrative methods for constructing the solar panels failing to comprise bypass diode.
Embodiment
The various technology relevant with photovoltaic generating system describe now with reference to accompanying drawing, and wherein identical Reference numeral represents identical element all the time.In addition, as used herein, term " exemplary " is intended to mean the explanation as something or example, and is not intended to instruction preferably.
With reference to Fig. 1, exemplary solar panels 100 are illustrated, and it is not containing any bypass diode.In the exemplary embodiment, the length of solar panels 100 can between 1 meter and 2 meters, and width is between 0.5 meter and 1.5 meters.In addition, solar panels 100 can be configured to export between 200 volts and 300 volts, although in other embodiments, solar panels 100 can be configured to export up to 2000 volts.According to particular example, solar panels 100 can be configured to output 240 volts.As will by understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, but the voltage that solar panels 100 can export can depend on the application wherein adopting solar panels 100, and can higher or lower than 200 to 300 volt range.
Solar panels 100 comprise multiple photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148.Although solar panels 100 are shown as comprise 24 photovoltaic sub-components, but should be understood that, solar panels 100 can comprise more or less photovoltaic sub-component, this depends on the application wherein adopted in solar panels 100, for by amount of available space mounted thereto for solar panels 100, and the layout of photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 in solar panels 100.
In the exemplary embodiment, photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 can be connected in parallel to each other electrical connection.Therefore, the exportable approximately identical voltage of each photovoltaic sub-component (such as, between 200 volts and 600 volts).In another exemplary embodiment, not that each photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 is all electrically connected in parallel, but the subset at least in photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 can be connected to power management integrated circuits, wherein such integrated circuit can be configured to the voltage and/or the electric current that export expectation, and the voltage expected and/or electric current come from the power produced from the subset of the photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 being electrically connected to integrated circuit.Such as, solar panels 100 can comprise the single integrated circuit being directly connected to each photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148.So power management integrated circuits can make the final quantity of solar panels 100 power output be in level (voltage and current) that is predefined, that expect.In another exemplary arrangement, the subset of photovoltaic sub-component can parallel coupled, and such subset can be connected to power management integrated circuits.Such as, can comprise can the photovoltaic sub-component 102,104,106 and 108 of electrical connection in parallel for the first subset of photovoltaic sub-component.Similarly, can comprise can the photovoltaic sub-component 110,112,114 and 116 of electrical connection in parallel for the second subset of photovoltaic sub-component.Then second subset of the first subset sums photovoltaic sub-component of photovoltaic sub-component can be connected to integrated circuit, and integrated circuit performs power management and expects quantity of power to make solar panels 100 export.Other layout is also considered, and be intended to be included into invest in the scope of this claim.
In solar panels 100, in photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148, being arranged in parallel of at least some is effectively reduced when the one or more photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic sub-component are operated in reverse breakdown, any photovoltaic sub-component (or battery wherein) impaired possibility.Because at least some electricity in photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 is arranged in parallel, when at least one crested in photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148, the currents match between assembly does not need to occur.This effectively reduces the quantity of power that may dissipate across any one photovoltaic sub-component, thus when reducing the crested at least partially when photovoltaic sub-component in solar panels 100, damage the risk of this sub-component.Therefore, solar panels 100 do not have bypass diode.
Referring now to Fig. 2, the exemplary photovoltaic sub-component 200 that can be included in solar panels 100 is illustrated.According to example, the length of the size of photovoltaic sub-component 200 can between 10 centimetres and 30 centimetres, and width is between 10 centimetres and 30 centimetres.Photovoltaic sub-component 200 comprises the photovoltaic cell group 202 to 240 of multiple electrical connection, wherein organizes 202 to 240 and is electrically connected in series.Although photovoltaic sub-component 200 is shown as comprise 20 groups, it being understood that the quantity of the group in photovoltaic sub-component 200 and arrange the expectation voltage that can be depending on photovoltaic sub-component 200 and export.In addition, although photovoltaic sub-component 200 is shown as the sub-element of definable, the physics being solar panels, it being understood that photovoltaic sub-component can be defined by the circuit be used in solar panels for connecting battery; Two kinds arrange all be intended to be included into invest in the scope of this claim.
According to example, photovoltaic sub-component 200 can comprise about 100 groups, and wherein each group is configured to export consistent voltage; Such as, about 2.4 volts.In such an example, the desired output of photovoltaic sub-component 200 is about 240 volts.In addition, as by shown in exemplified here, some groups can be connected in parallel.Such as, photovoltaic sub-component 200 can comprise more than first group be connected in series and more than second groups be connected in series, and wherein more than first group and more than second group are connected in parallel.
In example as above, each group in group 202 to 240 is configured to export about 2.4 volts.Even if the subset crested of the group 202 to 240 in photovoltaic sub-component 200, because voltage exports thus relatively low and by the electric current relatively low (magnitude at milliampere) of group 202 to 240, even if the individual battery in group is operated in reverse breakdown, the underpower dissipated across group 202 to 240 suffers damage to make these group 202 to 240 (or batteries wherein).Therefore, photovoltaic sub-component 200 does not need any bypass diode comprising any group of being connected in group 202 to 240.
Referring now to Fig. 3, exemplary group 300 is illustrated, and it can be included as one of group 202 to 240 in photovoltaic sub-component 200.Group 300 comprises multiple photovoltaic cell 302 to 332.Follow according to example, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can be the enable photovoltaic cell of micro-system, and the enable photovoltaic cell of micro-system is the photovoltaic cell of the relative thin (1.0 to 50 micron thickness) using micro Process concept to build, little (laterally 50 microns to 10 millimeters).In another example, photovoltaic cell can be not more than length 2 centimetres and is multiplied by width 2 centimetres.Such as, the micro-processing technology that uses below with reference to document description being incorporated into this by reference builds the photovoltaic module comprising numerous photovoltaic cell: " Microscale C-SI (C) the PVCells for Low-Cost Power " of the people such as Nielson, 34
thiEEE Photovoltaic SpecialistConference, June 7-102009, Philadelphia, PA, 978-1-4244-2950/90, and " the Microscale PV Cells for Concentrated PVApplications, " 24 of the people such as Nielson
theuropean Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, September 21-25,2009, Hamburg, Germany 3-936338-25-6.In a word, these references describe a sun and the condenser system with integrated micro-optical lens, and further describe the battery using the extension in silicon (Si) and GaAs (GaAs) to peel off relative thin that make, that have the efficiency more than 10%.
Accordingly, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can be or comprise Si battery, GaAs battery and/or indium gallium phosphorus (InGaP) (InGaP) battery.Therefore, it being understood that in photovoltaic cell 302 to 332, at least one can be iii-v photovoltaic cell.Additionally or alternati, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can comprise at least one germanium (Ge) photovoltaic cell.Further, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can be, maybe can be included in multijunction cell, and multijunction cell comprises the layer of the dissimilar photovoltaic cell with different band gap.For dielectric layer therebetween, heterogeneous integrated (such as, vertical stacking) different battery types can produce high performance multijunction cell, wherein the designer of the photovoltaic panel Lattice Matching that avoids monolithic battery and the constraint that is connected in series.
In the exemplary embodiment, each battery of photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can be multijunction cell, and wherein, for each multijunction cell, layer is connected integratedly.This effectively creates the photovoltaic cell string be electrically connected in series in relatively little amount of space.In another exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in this article, the battery in multijunction cell can not be connected integratedly.In another exemplary embodiment, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can be identical type (silicon).Also consider other layout of photovoltaic cell.
In the exemplary embodiment, sub-component 300 can comprise the first photovoltaic cell string 334, second photovoltaic cell string 336, the 3rd photovoltaic cell string 338 and the 4th photovoltaic cell string 340.First photovoltaic cell string 334 comprises the photovoltaic cell 302 to 308 be electrically connected in series.Similarly, the second photovoltaic cell string 336 comprises the photovoltaic cell 310 to 316 be electrically connected in series.3rd photovoltaic cell string 338 comprises the photovoltaic cell 318 to 324 be electrically connected in series, and the 4th photovoltaic cell string 340 comprises the photovoltaic cell 326 to 332 be electrically connected in series.First photovoltaic cell string 334, second photovoltaic cell string 336, the 3rd photovoltaic cell string 338 and the 4th photovoltaic cell string 340 parallel connection electrical connection.
As will by understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, dissimilar photovoltaic cell has different operating voltages.Such as, if photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 is Ge batteries, operating voltage can be about 0.3 volt.If photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 is Si battery, so operating voltage can be about 0.6 volt.If photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 is GaAs batteries, so operating voltage can be about 0.9 volt, and if photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 is InGaP batteries, so operating voltage can be about 1.3 volts.According to example, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 can be Si battery.In such an example, each photovoltaic cell string of photovoltaic cell string 334 to 340 exports about 2.4 volts (common electric voltage), and the output therefore organizing 300 is about 2.4 volts.In this case, string 334,336,338 and 340 has the battery of different number for different battery types, thus close to common electric voltage.Such as, in the exemplary embodiment, first photovoltaic cell string 334 can comprise 8 germanium batteries (8 × 0.3=2.4), second photovoltaic cell string 336 can comprise 4 silion cells (4 × 0.6=2.4), 3rd photovoltaic cell string 338 can comprise 3 GaAs batteries (3 × 0.9=2.7), and the 4th photovoltaic cell string 340 can comprise 2 InGaP batteries (2 × 1.3=2.6).Slight voltage mismatch can be tolerated, and if expect, can use the more battery of big figure and the voltage of Geng Gao, to provide more accurate voltage matches.In another embodiment previously described, management circuit may be used for making the voltage being connected in series generation by different battery types rise to common electric voltage independently.If the desired output of solar panels 100 is about 240 volts, then photovoltaic sub-component 200 can comprise 100 groups be electrically connected in series 300.Therefore, each sub-component 102 to 148 in solar panels 100 exports about 240 volts, and the output of solar panels 100 because of but about 240 volts.
By using this example, solar panels 100 comprise 38,400 batteries.When solar panels 100 overall illuminated time, photovoltaic cell 302 to 332 in each group generates the electrical power of 4 milliwatts.For the photovoltaic cell that micro-system is enable, even if this is battery operated at reverse breakdown, the electrical power across single battery does not have destructiveness in the magnitude of 100 milliwatts yet.Because the selectivity of the series/parallel/series/parallel of the photovoltaic cell in solar panels as described in this article, sub-component and assembly is arranged, the electrical power more than 100 milliwatts across single battery can not be there is very much.Given such exemplary arrangement, and by the photovoltaic cell utilizing micro-system enable, it is evident that very much, the solar panels be made up of above-mentioned photovoltaic cell can not contain any bypass diode, even if this is due to when a part for solar panels is subject to covering, independent battery also can not be damaged.
Referring now to Fig. 4, the exemplary photovoltaic sub-component 400 that can be included as one of the photovoltaic sub-component 102 to 148 in solar panels 100 is illustrated.According to example, photovoltaic sub-component 400 can comprise multiple multi-junction photovoltaic battery, makes each multi-junction photovoltaic battery comprise multiple photovoltaic cell.As discussed above, each multi-junction photovoltaic battery can comprise Si photovoltaic cell and iii-v photovoltaic cell.In example more specifically, each multi-junction photovoltaic battery can comprise Ge photovoltaic cell, Si photovoltaic cell, GaAs photovoltaic cell and InGaP photovoltaic cell.
Exemplary photovoltaic sub-component 400 comprises 72 multi-junction photovoltaic batteries, and wherein each multi-junction photovoltaic battery comprises Ge battery, Si battery, GaAs battery and InGaP battery.These different batteries are shown as layout adjacent one another are; But such layout is the object in order to explain.As noted above, the battery in multijunction cell is stacked on top of each other.In another exemplary embodiment, battery can with and row arrangement places (such as, if use spectrum expansion optical).
Photovoltaic module 400 comprises each battery types (to create string) of the different numbers be connected in series, to reach similar centre (higher) voltage.These strings can be connected in parallel effectively to increase electric current.In this example, the expectation intermediate voltage exported by photovoltaic module 400 can be about 10 volts.As discussed above, Ge battery can have the operating voltage of about 0.3 volt, and Si battery can have the operating voltage of about 0.6 volt, and GaAs battery can have the operating voltage of about 0.9 volt, and InGaP battery can have the operating voltage of about 1.3V.Therefore, photovoltaic sub-component 400 can comprise a Ge battery strings 402 and the 2nd Ge battery strings 404, and often string includes 36 batteries be electrically connected in series.Therefore, a Ge battery strings 402 and the 2nd Ge battery strings 404 export about 10.8V separately.
Exemplary photovoltaic sub-component 400 comprises a Si battery strings 406, the 2nd Si battery strings 408, Three S's i battery strings 410 and the 4th Si battery strings 412 further.Each string in Si battery strings 406 to 412 can comprise 18 batteries be electrically connected in series, thus causes often going here and there about 10.8 volts of output.
Sub-component 400 can comprise a GaAs battery strings 414, the 2nd GaAs battery strings 416, the 3rd GaAs battery strings 418, the 4th GaAs battery strings 420, the 5th GaAs battery strings 422 and the 6th GaAs battery strings 424 in addition.Each string of GaAs battery strings 414 to 424 can comprise 12 batteries be electrically connected in series, thus causes each GaAs battery strings to export about 10.8 volts.
Further, sub-component 400 can also comprise an InGaP battery strings 426, the 2nd InGaP battery strings 428, the 3rd InGaP battery strings 430, the 4th InGaP battery strings 432, the 5th InGaP battery strings 434, the 6th InGaP battery strings 436, the 7th InGaP battery strings 438, the 8th InGaP battery strings 440 and the 9th InGaP battery strings 442.Each string of InGaP battery strings 426 to 442 can comprise 8 batteries be electrically connected in series, thus causes each InGaP battery strings to export about 10.4 volts.
According to the above, can determine that the middle operating voltage of each battery strings can be about 10 volts.Can determine further, the voltage exported by the string of different battery types is incomplete same, and the voltage therefore exported by sub-component 400 will be the minimum voltage that battery strings exports.
Owing to only having the battery of a type to be initially connected in series, the power that other batteries export from sub-component 400 is not relatively by the impact of spectral shift, and this spectral shift causes the battery of a type to reduce relative to the output of another kind of battery.Such as, from a kind of 10% the reducing of electric current of battery types, can produce the reduction of array current from 1% to 4.3%, which kind of battery this depends on and reduces solar energy input.Therefore, when compared with the photovoltaic module of routine, sub-component 400 is more difficult is subject to the impact of spectral shift and power output reduces, and spectral shift affects the response of battery types in the mode such as not.
Referring again to Fig. 1, solar panels 100 (although not illustrating) can associate with inverter, the AC the phase place that the consumer that the voltage that solar panels 100 export by inverter is transformed to from DC the electrical power produced by these solar panels 100 expects.Further, although do not illustrate, solar panels 100 can comprise the micro-light-gathering optics part (optics) being configured to be gathered by the light from the sun on photovoltaic cell wherein.In another exemplary embodiment, be not the precise voltage coupling of carrying out between battery types, microelectronics part (microelectronics) can be used for making intermediate voltage be in the level (voltage exported by each in assembly 102 to 148) of expectation.Therefore, photovoltaic sub-component or group can comprise one or more DC to DC transducer (have micropower follow the tracks of of electronics part), to make intermediate voltage output roughly equal and dynamically adjustable.In addition, photovoltaic group can comprise micro-inverter, and the DC voltage that battery or battery arrangement export is transformed into AC voltage by it.Because the individual battery size in solar panels 100 is relatively little, between battery, sub-component or group, there are enough spaces, for the various microelectronic devices added for boost conversion and power tracking.
Referring now to Fig. 5, the cutaway view of exemplary hetero (non-monolithic) integrated multi-junction photovoltaic battery 500 is illustrated.Multi-junction photovoltaic battery 500 comprises multiple photovoltaic cell: first InGaP battery 508 receives the light from the sun; GaAs battery 506 is close to InGaP battery 508; Si battery 504 is close to GaAs battery 506; And Ge battery 502 is close to Si battery 504.It being understood that other layout is considered by the present inventor, and be intended to be included into invest in the scope of this claim
Wherein solar panels 100 are comprised by the exemplary embodiment of favourable employing that wherein to cover at least partly be possible any installation.Such as, the roof of neighbouring timbered building; There is the region of interval cloud cover, near the region etc. of air traffic.In addition, feature described herein is useful in following installation: wherein solar panels 100, its part or whole installation are flexible, bending, conformal (conformed) or other is nonplanar, by this way, always being covered at least partially of solar panels 100 is made.In such installation, solar panels can export when solar panels 100 do not comprise bypass diode expects voltage.
Referring now to Fig. 6 to Fig. 7, various illustrative methods is shown and described.Although method is described to a series of action performed by sequence, it being understood that method not by the restriction of the order of sequence.Such as, some actions can by from different occurring in sequence described herein.In addition, action can occur with another action simultaneously.In addition, in some instances, can not every action all need to realize method described herein.
Referring now to Fig. 6, illustrative methods 600 is illustrated, and it is convenient to the solar panels creating none-disk terminal diode.Method 600 starts from 602, and at 604 places, and the enable photovoltaic cell of multiple micro-system is received.In the exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic cell that micro-system is enable can have on the back side just contact and negative contact both.
At 606 places, the enable photovoltaic cell of multiple micro-system can be electrically connected to create photovoltaic sub-component, and wherein photovoltaic sub-component is not containing bypass diode.As discussed above, the electric current of the relative a small amount of of being advanced by the photovoltaic cell that micro-system is enable guarantee when such battery covered, when being operated in reverse breakdown, any individual photovoltaic cell is not damaged.
At 608 places, multiple photovoltaic sub-component electrical connection is to create solar panels.Because photovoltaic sub-component is made up of the photovoltaic cell that micro-system is enable, solar panels can not contain bypass diode.But, in the exemplary embodiment, solar panels can comprise power management integrated circuits, power management integrated circuits is electrically connected to the photovoltaic sub-component in solar panels, makes power management integrated circuits can carry out electromotive power output based on the voltage exported by corresponding photovoltaic sub-component at least in part.In another embodiment, power management integrated circuits can be placed with and be connected with organizing, and makes photovoltaic cell string be electrically connected to power management integrated circuits, and the output of sub-component is the voltage exported based on the respective sets being connected to integrated circuit.Method 600 completes in 610.
Referring now to Fig. 7, be illustrated for another illustrative methods 700 creating the solar panels of none-disk terminal diode.Method 700 starts from 702, and is received at the 704 multiple photovoltaic sub-components in place.
At 706 places, photovoltaic sub-component is electrically connected, and to generate solar panels, wherein at least the subset parallel connection of photovoltaic sub-component is electrically connected, and wherein solar panels do not contain bypass diode.Method 700 completes in 708.
Note, the object of some examples for explaining is provided.These examples be not interpreted as limiting invest this claim.In addition, it is to be appreciated that the example provided herein can be changed, but still be included in the scope of claim.
Claims (20)
1. a photovoltaic sub-component, comprising:
The photovoltaic cell that multiple micro-system is enable, described photovoltaic cell is electrically connected to each other, the enable photovoltaic cell of each micro-system in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said multiple micro-system is enable is of a size of and is not more than two centimetres high and be not more than two centimetres wide, and wherein said photovoltaic sub-component is not containing any bypass diode.
2. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, comprise first group further, wherein said first group comprises the enable photovoltaic cell of the first string micro-system and the enable photovoltaic cell of the second string micro-system, serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said first string micro-system is enable, serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said second string micro-system is enable, and wherein said first string and the second connection in series-parallel electrical connection.
3. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 2, comprise second group further, wherein said second group comprises the 3rd enable photovoltaic cell of string micro-system and the enable photovoltaic cell of the 4th string micro-system, serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said 3rd string micro-system is enable, serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said 4th string micro-system is enable, wherein said 3rd string and described 4th connection in series-parallel electrical connection, and wherein said first group and described second group of coupled in series electrical.
4. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, exports between 500 volts and 2000 volts.
5. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, comprises further:
First group, wherein said first group comprises:
The photovoltaic cell that first string micro-system is enable;
The photovoltaic cell that second string micro-system is enable, the serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said first string micro-system is enable, the serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said second string micro-system is enable; And
Power management integrated circuits, it is electrically connected to the described first enable photovoltaic cell of string micro-system and the enable photovoltaic cell of described second string micro-system, wherein said power management integrated circuits exports the electrical power of predefined amount at least partly based on the voltage exported by the described first enable photovoltaic cell of string micro-system and the enable photovoltaic cell of described second string micro-system, and based on external operating conditions or Dynamic System order dynamically adjustable.
6. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, length is less than 30 centimetres, and width is less than 30 centimetres.
7. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, at least one photovoltaic cell wherein in described multiple photovoltaic cell has both electrical contacts of positive and negative on the back side of at least one photovoltaic cell described.
8. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, at least one in the battery InGaP battery that wherein said multiple micro-system is enable or InGaAs battery.
9. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, the battery GaAs battery that wherein said multiple micro-system is enable.
10. photovoltaic sub-component as claimed in claim 1, at least one in the battery Ge battery that wherein said multiple micro-system is enable and Si battery.
11. photovoltaic sub-components as claimed in claim 1, wherein multiple multijunction cell comprises described multiple photovoltaic cell respectively.
12. photovoltaic sub-components as claimed in claim 1, are included in solar panels.
13. photovoltaic sub-components as claimed in claim 12, wherein said solar panels are not containing any bypass diode.
14. photovoltaic sub-components as claimed in claim 13, wherein said solar panels are nonplanar.
15. 1 kinds of solar panels, comprising:
First photovoltaic sub-component, described first photovoltaic sub-component comprises more than first photovoltaic cell; And
Second photovoltaic sub-component, described second photovoltaic sub-component comprises more than second photovoltaic cell, wherein said first photovoltaic sub-component and described second photovoltaic sub-component parallel connection electrical connection, and wherein said solar panels are not containing any bypass diode.
16. solar panels as claimed in claim 15, are configured to export between 200 volts and 600 volts.
17. solar panels as claimed in claim 15, the length of wherein said first photovoltaic sub-component is less than 30 centimetres and is highly less than 30 centimetres.
18. solar panels as claimed in claim 15, wherein said first photovoltaic sub-component comprises:
First group of photovoltaic cell, wherein said first group of photovoltaic cell comprises:
The photovoltaic cell that first string micro-system is enable; And
The photovoltaic cell that second string micro-system is enable, serial battery electrical connection in the photovoltaic cell that wherein said first string micro-system is enable, serial battery electrical connection in the enable photovoltaic cell of wherein said second string micro-system, and the enable photovoltaic cell of wherein said first string micro-system and the enable photovoltaic cell parallel connection electrical connection of described second string micro-system.
19. solar panels as claimed in claim 18, wherein multiple multi-junction photovoltaic battery comprises the described first enable photovoltaic cell of string micro-system and the enable photovoltaic cell of described second string micro-system.
20. 1 kinds of solar panels, comprising:
Multiple photovoltaic sub-component, wherein said multiple photovoltaic sub-component is connected in parallel to each other electrical connection, wherein each photovoltaic sub-component comprises at least one in the multiple III-V photovoltaic cell being one another in series and being electrically connected or the multiple silion cells being one another in series electrical connection, and wherein said solar panels are not containing any bypass diode.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/543,297 US9093586B2 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2012-07-06 | Photovoltaic power generation system free of bypass diodes |
| US13/543,297 | 2012-07-06 | ||
| PCT/US2013/049165 WO2014008313A2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2013-07-02 | Photovoltaic power generation system free of bypass diodes |
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| CN104508834A true CN104508834A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104508834B CN104508834B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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| CN201380035972.8A Active CN104508834B (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2013-07-02 | The photovoltaic generating system of none-disk terminal diode |
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| EP (1) | EP2870636A4 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP6010694B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101638753B1 (en) |
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| KR102000062B1 (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-10-01 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Photovoltaic module |
| AU2018215812B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2022-06-30 | Solarwat Ltd. | Solar modules having solar sub cells with matrix connections between the solar sub cells |
| CN108281499B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2023-10-13 | 天合光能股份有限公司 | Novel photovoltaic cell assembly with circuit design |
| WO2021014449A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Solarwat Ltd. | High voltage photovoltaic systems using mini/micro solar cells |
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| US20090217965A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2009-09-03 | Dougal Roger A | Apparatus and method for enhanced solar power generation and maximum power point tracking |
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| PT1930954E (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2009-09-01 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Photovoltaic module and its application |
| KR20100014920A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2010-02-11 | 디 오스트레일리언 내셔널 유니버시티 | A substrate assembly, an assembly process, and an assembly apparatus |
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| WO2010081746A2 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | Hubert Berger | Power control of serially connected cells |
| KR101055616B1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2011-08-09 | 김혁 | Solar panel with bypass unit |
| US8263920B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-09-11 | The Boeing Company | Diodeless terrestrial photovoltaic solar power array |
| WO2011089607A1 (en) * | 2010-01-23 | 2011-07-28 | Boris Watelmacher | Solar system for generating electric power |
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- 2013-07-02 JP JP2015520666A patent/JP6010694B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-02 CN CN201380035972.8A patent/CN104508834B/en active Active
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- 2013-07-02 WO PCT/US2013/049165 patent/WO2014008313A2/en active Application Filing
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| US20040187912A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multijunction solar cell and current-matching method |
| US20090217965A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2009-09-03 | Dougal Roger A | Apparatus and method for enhanced solar power generation and maximum power point tracking |
| US20080099063A1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-01 | Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. | Flexible High-Voltage Adaptable Current Photovoltaic Modules And Associated Methods |
Also Published As
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| WO2014008313A2 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
| JP6010694B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| KR20150036356A (en) | 2015-04-07 |
| KR101638753B1 (en) | 2016-07-11 |
| WO2014008313A3 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
| JP2016149582A (en) | 2016-08-18 |
| EP2870636A2 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
| EP2870636A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| JP2015522215A (en) | 2015-08-03 |
| CN104508834B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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