CN104467443B - Ultra-wide output voltage range charger and control method based on LLC topologys - Google Patents
Ultra-wide output voltage range charger and control method based on LLC topologys Download PDFInfo
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- CN104467443B CN104467443B CN201510004904.6A CN201510004904A CN104467443B CN 104467443 B CN104467443 B CN 104467443B CN 201510004904 A CN201510004904 A CN 201510004904A CN 104467443 B CN104467443 B CN 104467443B
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- H02J7/0027—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
Abstract
The invention discloses ultra-wide output voltage range charger and control method based on LLC topologys, including LLC resonant converter and control circuit, LLC resonant converter includes the switching network being made up of MOSFET full-bridge circuits, the input of switching network is connected with power input, output end is connected with the input of resonant network, the output end of resonant network is connected with the leakage inductance of transformer, and the secondary coil of transformer is connected with rectifying and wave-filtering network；Control circuit includes control unit, switch of the control unit according to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of the signal control MOSFET full-bridge circuits of the input and output end of the LLC resonant converter for receiving, LLC resonant converter is set to realize that the no-voltage of primary side switch pipe is turned in full voltage range, the zero-current switching of secondary commutation diode.Output voltage of the present invention is wide, is not limited by charging object input voltage range, can be charged for various New-energy electric vehicles.
Description
Technical field
Electricity is exported the present invention relates to a kind of full-bridge LLC resonant transform circuits, more particularly to a kind of ultra-wide based on LLC topologys
Pressure scope charger and control method.
Background technology
To solve the problem of environmental pollution that brings of vehicle exhaust, it is necessary to accelerate propulsion New-energy electric vehicle industrialization and
The Facilities Construction of charging station, the construction of charging pile must is fulfilled for the requirements such as small volume, power density are big, efficiency is high, to shorten electricity
Pond charging interval and reduces cost.And LLC resonant converter technology has the advantage such as high frequency, efficient, integrated, modularization, enter
And the research that is applied in New-energy electric vehicle charger.
LLC full-bridges controlled resonant converter can realize Sofe Switch in full-load range, and at present, charger is mostly using shifting
Phase full-bridge topology, LLC resonant converter can not only make primary side switch pipe realize ZVS compared with phase-shifted full-bridge converter, and
Secondary commutation diode can be made to realize ZCS, greatly reduce switching loss, improve the charge efficiency of charger.
But for the research application of current New-energy electric vehicle charger, also many problems for needing to solve are special
It is not the output voltage range of charger and the technical problem such as switching loss of charger, is in particular in two aspects：
1st, the limitation of charger output voltage.Charger output voltage range is narrow, is only particular automobile charging.For example
The input voltage range of electric bus is 400V -750V, and the charging voltage scope of electric passenger vehicle is 200V -450V, both
Charger can not be general.
2nd, commutation diode can not realize ZCS in gamut.The reverse-recovery problems that secondary commutation diode is deposited, make whole
Stream voltage oscillation, the loss for thus causing can seriously limit the efficiency of charger.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiency that prior art is present, the invention discloses a kind of ultra-wide output voltage model based on LLC topologys
Enclose charger and control method, based on LLC topology ultra-wide output voltage range charger, output voltage range be 200-
700V, the charger can realize the conducting of primary side switch pipe no-voltage, secondary using DSP controls in full output voltage range
Commutation diode zero-current switching, so as to substantially increase charge efficiency, output voltage range is wide, can not only be to electric bus
Charging, can also be charged for electric passenger vehicle.
To achieve the above object, concrete scheme of the invention is as follows：
Based on the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, including LLC resonant converter and control circuit, LLC is humorous
The converter that shakes includes the switching network being made up of MOSFET full-bridge circuits, input and the power input phase of switching network
Even, output end is connected with the input of resonant network, and the output end of resonant network is connected with the leakage inductance of transformer, the pair of transformer
Sideline circle is connected with rectifying and wave-filtering network；
The control circuit includes control unit, the input and output end of sampling module collection LLC resonant converter
Voltage and current signal are sent to control unit after being changed through A/D modules, control unit is according to the LLC resonant converter for receiving
The switch of the metal-oxide-semiconductor of the signal control MOSFET full-bridge circuits of input and output end, enables LLC resonant converter complete
The no-voltage conducting of primary side switch pipe, the zero-current switching of secondary commutation diode are realized in voltage range.
The rectifying and wave-filtering network includes the full bridge rectifier being constituted by a diode and is in parallel with full bridge rectifier
Filter capacitor.
The resonant network includes the resonant capacitance and resonant inductance and magnetizing inductance that are in series, magnetizing inductance and transformer
Leakage inductance be in parallel.
The full-bridge circuit includes tetra- metal-oxide-semiconductors of Q1-Q4, and D1-D4 is respectively the body two of corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor to C1-C4
Pole pipe and parasitic capacitance.
Described control unit is DSP control unit, using TMS320F2808 as control chip.
The control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger based on LLC topologys, including：
LLC resonant converter output voltage follows reference voltage through outer voltage control；When load becomes big, output current
When reaching limit value, the control of LLC resonant converter is changed into current inner loop control；When load reduces, output current is less than limit
Definite value, control is automatically converted to outer voltage control, the sampled signal of input and output end to LLC resonant converter pass through every
From rear, the A/D entrances of DSP are sent into, compared by the reference value with the output voltage of setting, control unit is controlled to adjust by PI
MOS switch drive waveforms frequency；
After LLC resonant converter circuit parameter is selected, the transformer voltage ratio of LLC resonant converter is a constant, output electricity
Pressure is in ratio with input voltage, in Uo_min—Uo1_maxIn the range of, switching frequency is fixed, and by adjusting input voltage, makes output electricity
Pressure linear change；, when output voltage is in Uo1_max—Uo_maxBetween when changing, using Two-pulse triggering mode, between two pulse signals
There is Dead Time, by adjusting the frequency of pulse signal, regulated output voltage.
Before metal-oxide-semiconductor is triggered, resonance current irMake parasitic capacitance discharge, body diode conducting, resonance current is lagged behind
Controlled resonant converter input voltage Vin, Q1, Q4 of full-bridge circuit use same trigger pulse, Q2, Q3 to use same triggering arteries and veins
Punching, and the complementary conductings of Q1 and Q2；There is the Dead Time of setting between two trigger signals.
The output voltage of LLC resonant converter uses Discrete control, including input voltage control and VFC；
Input voltage control refer to LLC resonant converter input voltage in the range of 380-400V linear change
When, make LLC resonant converter output voltage linear change therewith；
The VFC refers to：When LLC resonant converter input voltage reaches nominal input voltage, control mode turns
It is changed into frequency modulation control, the output voltage gain for making LLC resonant converter by control unit increases with the reduction of switching frequency
Plus, at resonant frequency point, the efficiency highest of LLC resonant converter, in LLC resonant converter output voltage Uo=Uo1-maxWhen,
LLC resonant converter is set to be operated in resonant frequency point frPlace, when LLC resonant converter output voltage needs to raise, by drop
Low switching frequency comes regulated output voltage, Uo1-maxIt is output voltage maximum.
The input voltage control, output voltage maximum is calculated by following relational expression：
In formula (6), Vin_nomIt is input rated voltage, Vin_minIt is input minimum voltage, Uo_minIt is minimum output voltage.
There are two resonant frequencies, resonant frequency f in the LLC resonant converterrAnd resonant frequency fm：
Resonant inductance LrWith resonant capacitance CrThe resonant frequency f of compositionr：
Resonant inductance Lr, magnetizing inductance LmWith resonant capacitance CrThe resonant frequency f of compositionm：
When the operation interval of LLC resonant converter is that switching frequency is less than resonant frequency frZVS areas when, primary side switch pipe
Before conducting, both end voltage has been reduced to zero, realizes no-voltage open-minded.
LLC resonant converter is operated in perceptual area, the metal-oxide-semiconductor that the peak value of exciting current will will be opened in Dead Time
Junction capacity electric discharge, voltage is reduced to zero；The switch junction capacitance having been turned off is charged simultaneously, so, it should meet following encouraging
The relation of magnetoelectricity stream and Dead Time
In formula (5), CjIt is metal-oxide-semiconductor junction capacity, tdeadIt is Dead Time.
The no-voltage conducting of primary side switch pipe can be realized in full voltage range, the zero current of secondary commutation diode is closed
Break and without reverse-recovery problems.Charger is main by switch mosfet circuit, resonance circuit, transformer, rectification circuit, control electricity
Road constitutes.Before conducting, its junction capacity voltage is excited current discharge to no-voltage to switch mosfet pipe in Dead Time, from
And realize that the no-voltage of switching tube is turned on, and greatly reduces turn-on consumption.
Resonance circuit is made up of resonant capacitance, resonant inductance, magnetizing inductance, and the magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance of transformer are abundant
Utilize, effectively reduce the volume of controlled resonant converter.There are two resonant frequencies in described resonance circuit：Resonant capacitance with it is humorous
The resonant frequency f that the inductance that shakes is constitutedmThe resonant frequency f constituted with resonant capacitance, resonant inductance and magnetizing inductancer。
Rectification circuit is full bridge rectifier, compared with full-wave rectifying circuit, secondary side only one of which winding, in the absence of around
Matching problem between group, control circuit employs two kinds of different control strategies using TMS320F2808 as control chip：Input
Voltage is controlled and frequency modulation control.Input voltage control is that switching frequency immobilizes, and proportionate relationship is exported and be entered as, by line
Property regulation input voltage, so as to adjust output voltage.When input voltage reaches rated value, control mode is changed into frequency modulation control
System, the sampled signal that sample circuit is obtained is input into DSP respective pins after isolation and carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, and DSP is carried out to digital quantity
PI computings, the then frequency of controlled output driving pulse.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the present invention can make primary side switch pipe realize ZVS, secondary commutation diode reality in super wide voltage output area
Existing ZCS, without reverse-recovery problems, effectively reduce switching loss, it is to avoid phase-shifting full-bridge can not be in whole output area
Realize the problem of diode ZCS.
2nd, the present invention uses full bridge rectifier, and compared with full-wave rectification, transformer secondary only needs to a winding, does not have
Matching problem between winding.
3rd, output voltage of the present invention is wide, is not limited by charging object input voltage range, can be various new energy electricity
Electrical automobile charges.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger based on LLC topologys of the invention；
Fig. 2 is input impedance equivalent circuit diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is voltage gain characteristic figure of the invention；
Fig. 4 is working waveform figure of the invention；
Fig. 5 is system block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 6 is loop control theory figure of the invention；
Fig. 7 is DSP program functions block diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in figure 1, being the ultra-wide output voltage range controlled resonant converter schematic diagram based on LLC topologys of the invention, MOS
Pipe Q1-Q4 constitutes full bridge inverter, and D1-D4 is respectively the body diode and parasitic capacitance of corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor to C1-C4；Resonance electricity
Hold Cr, resonant inductance Lr (leakage inductance comprising transformer), magnetizing inductance Lm and constitute resonant network, transformer secondary diode D5-
D8 constitutes full-bridge rectification, and Cf is filter capacitor, and RL is load.Q1, Q4 use same trigger pulse, Q2, Q3 to use same triggering
Pulse, and the complementary conductings of Q1 and Q2；There is certain Dead Time between two trigger signals, one is to prevent the upper and lower switching tube of each bridge arm
Straight-through, two is to realize that the ZVS of metal-oxide-semiconductor provides condition.The ultra-wide output voltage range controlled resonant converter of LLC topologys has two
Resonant frequency：
Resonant inductance LrWith resonant capacitance CrThe resonant frequency of composition
Resonant inductance Lr, magnetizing inductance LmWith resonant capacitance CrThe resonant frequency of composition
In order that the efficiency of converter reaches highest, it is necessary to assure converter realizes ZVS in full-load range.For
The no-voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor is open-minded, and resonance current must lag behind input voltage, and before corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor is triggered, resonance current makes to post
Raw electric capacity electric discharge, body diode conducting, to realize that ZVS is ready.Therefore, input impedance is necessary for perception.
As shown in Fig. 2 being the equivalent circuit of input impedance of the invention, input impedance
Work as fs＞ frWhen, impedance is in perception between 2 points of a, b；Magnetizing inductance LmAfter in parallel with load, impedance is between b, c
Perception, so, the property of a, c two ends input impedance is perception；Work as fs=frWhen, resonant inductance LrWith resonant capacitance CrSeries connection is humorous
Shake, impedance is zero, and impedance is constant between b, c, be still perception, so, the property of a, c two ends input impedance is also perception；Work as fs＜ fr
When, impedance property is changed into capacitive between 2 points of a, b；Magnetizing inductance LmAfter in parallel with load, impedance is in perception between b, c, now,
The property of input impedance is determined by switching frequency and the size of load between a, c.Load it is constant, switching frequency closer to resonance frequently
Rate, input impedance more easily shows as perception；During switching frequency off-resonance frequency, input impedance easily shows as capacitive.Frequency
When certain and load changes, load is lighter, and input impedance is easier in perception, and load is heavier, and input impedance more easily shows as capacitive.
The property of input impedance can be determined by input impedance imaginary part.
In formula (3), secondary equivalent resistance
In formula (4), n is transformer turn ratio.
Converter is operated in perceptual area switching tube can not be completely secured realizes ZVS, and the peak value of exciting current must be dead
The junction capacity electric discharge of the metal-oxide-semiconductor that will will be opened in area's time, voltage is reduced to zero；The switch junction capacitance having been turned off is filled simultaneously
Electricity.So, it should meet the relation of following exciting current and Dead Time
In formula (5), CjIt is metal-oxide-semiconductor junction capacity, tdeadIt is Dead Time
As shown in figure 3, being voltage gain characteristic figure of the invention.As seen from the figure, when resonant frequency is equal to switch frequency
During rate, voltage gain is always 1, does not change because of the change for loading；Gain interval can be divided into ZCS areas and ZVS areas, but open
Close frequency and be more than resonant frequency frWhen, primary side switch pipe cut-off current is larger, and turn-off power loss is serious, and the pole of secondary side rectification two
There are reverse-recovery problems in pipe.
When the operation interval of LLC resonant converter is less than the ZVS areas of resonant frequency for switching frequency, its work wave is such as
Shown in Fig. 4, in work is interval herein, before the conducting of primary side switch pipe, both end voltage has been reduced to zero, and it is open-minded to realize no-voltage,
Secondary commutation diode does not exist reverse-recovery problems.
As shown in figure 5, being circuit system block diagram of the invention, control unit uses TMS320F2808 as control chip,
In order to realize good output characteristics, output voltage uses the strategy of stepwise control：Input voltage is controlled and VFC.
Input voltage is controlled：Input voltage during linear change, makes output voltage linearly become therewith in the range of 380-400V
Change, this stage output voltage maximum can be calculated by following relational expression
In formula (6), Vin_nomIt is input rated voltage, Vin_minIt is input minimum voltage, Uo_minIt is minimum output voltage.
VFC：When input voltage reaches nominal input voltage, control mode is changed into frequency modulation control, according to work
Principle understands that the output voltage gain of controlled resonant converter increases with the reduction of switching frequency, at resonant frequency point, resonance
The efficiency highest of converter.In output voltage Uo=Uo1-maxWhen, converter is operated in resonant frequency point frPlace, works as output voltage
It is required that when raising, switching frequency can be reduced and carry out regulated output voltage.
As shown in fig. 6, be double-closed-loop control block diagram of the invention, using outer voltage, current inner loop control.Output voltage is passed through
Outer voltage is controlled, and follows reference voltage；When load becomes big, when output current reaches limit value, control is changed into current inner loop
Control；When load reduces, output current is less than output current limiting, and control is automatically converted to outer voltage control.Sampled signal pass through every
From rear, the A/D entrances of the DSP that makes a gift to someone, compare by with reference value, PI control, adjust drive waveforms frequency.
As shown in fig. 7, being DSP program functions block diagram of the invention, system controls main program first to system-level each work(
Can unit initialization, enable after interrupting, it is to be interrupted that main program is started the cycle over etc..
Claims (8)
1. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger based on LLC topologys, the ultra-wide output based on LLC topologys
Voltage range charger, including LLC resonant converter and control circuit, LLC resonant converter include being converted by MOSFET full-bridges
The switching network of circuit composition, the input of switching network is connected with power input, the input of output end and resonant network
It is connected, the output end of resonant network is connected with the leakage inductance of transformer, and the secondary coil of transformer is connected with rectifying and wave-filtering network；
The control circuit includes control unit, the input of sampling module collection LLC resonant converter and the voltage of output end
And current signal is sent to control unit after the conversion of A/D modules；Described control unit is DSP control unit；
It is characterized in that, the control method includes：
LLC resonant converter output voltage follows reference voltage through outer voltage control；When load becomes big, output current reaches
During limit value, the control of LLC resonant converter is changed into current inner loop control；When load reduces, output current is less than limit value,
Control is automatically converted to outer voltage control, after the sampled signal of input and output end to LLC resonant converter is through isolation,
The A/D entrances of DSP are sent into, is compared by the reference value with setting output voltage, control unit controls to adjust MOS switch by PI
Drive waveforms frequency；
After LLC resonant converter circuit parameter is selected, the transformer voltage ratio of LLC resonant converter is a constant, output voltage with
Input voltage is in ratio, in Uo_min—Uo1_maxIn the range of, switching frequency is fixed, and by adjusting input voltage, makes output voltage wire
Property change；When output voltage is in Uo1_max—Uo_maxBetween when changing, using Two-pulse triggering mode, exist between two pulse signals
Dead Time, by adjusting the frequency of pulse signal, regulated output voltage.
2. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 1
It is that the rectifying and wave-filtering network includes the full bridge rectifier being constituted by a diode and the filtering being in parallel with full bridge rectifier
Electric capacity.
3. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 1
It is that the resonant network includes the resonant capacitance and resonant inductance and magnetizing inductance that are in series, the leakage of magnetizing inductance and transformer
Sense is in parallel.
4. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 1
That the full-bridge circuit includes tetra- metal-oxide-semiconductors of Q1-Q4, D1-D4 and C1-C4 be respectively corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor body diode and
Parasitic capacitance.
5. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 1
It is, before metal-oxide-semiconductor is triggered, resonance current irMake parasitic capacitance discharge, body diode conducting, resonance current lags behind resonance change
Parallel operation input voltage Vin, Q1, Q4 of full-bridge circuit use same trigger pulse, Q2, Q3 to use same trigger pulse, and Q1
It is complementary with Q2 to turn on；There is the Dead Time of setting between two trigger signals.
6. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 1
It is that the output voltage of LLC resonant converter uses Discrete control, including input voltage control and VFC；
The input voltage control refers to that the input voltage of LLC resonant converter during linear change, makes in the range of 380-400V
LLC resonant converter output voltage linear change therewith；
The VFC refers to：When LLC resonant converter input voltage reaches nominal input voltage, control mode is changed into
Frequency modulation control, the output voltage gain for making LLC resonant converter by control unit increases with the reduction of switching frequency,
At resonant frequency point, the efficiency highest of LLC resonant converter, in LLC resonant converter output voltage Uo=Uo1-maxWhen, make LLC
Controlled resonant converter is operated in resonant frequency point frPlace, when LLC resonant converter output voltage needs to raise, is switched by reducing
Frequency comes regulated output voltage, Uo1-maxIt is output voltage maximum.
7. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 6
It is that the input voltage control, output voltage maximum is calculated by following relational expression：
In formula (6), Vin_nomIt is input rated voltage, Vin_minIt is input minimum voltage, Uo_minIt is minimum output voltage.
8. the control method of the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topologys, its feature are based on as claimed in claim 1
It is that LLC resonant converter is operated in perceptual area, the knot of the metal-oxide-semiconductor that the peak value of exciting current will will be opened in Dead Time
Electric capacity discharges, and voltage is reduced to zero；The switch junction capacitance having been turned off is charged simultaneously, so, it should meet following excitation electricity
The relation of stream and Dead Time
In formula (5), CjIt is metal-oxide-semiconductor junction capacity, tdeadIt is Dead Time.
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| CN201510004904.6A CN104467443B (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | Ultra-wide output voltage range charger and control method based on LLC topologys |
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