CN104362651A - Three-phase imbalance downward cascade type H-bridge static synchronous reactive compensation device and compensation method - Google Patents

Three-phase imbalance downward cascade type H-bridge static synchronous reactive compensation device and compensation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104362651A
CN104362651A CN201410696116.3A CN201410696116A CN104362651A CN 104362651 A CN104362651 A CN 104362651A CN 201410696116 A CN201410696116 A CN 201410696116A CN 104362651 A CN104362651 A CN 104362651A
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voltage
phase
current
circuit
reactive
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高晗璎
魏巍
孟春城
王海瑞
朱博
刘端增
李伟力
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-phase imbalance downward cascade type H-bridge static synchronous reactive compensation device and a compensation method. The situation that imbalanced and nonlinear loads are increased continuously in a power distribution grid, so that the quality of electric energy is influenced severely must be changed. The three-phase imbalance downward cascade type H-bridge static synchronous reactive compensation device comprises a shell (1). A signal collecting circuit is installed in the shell and comprises two groups of current Hall sensors (3) and one group of voltage Hall sensors (10). A three-phase alternating-current power supply (2) and an asymmetric load (4) are connected with the current Hall sensors. The three-phase alternating-current power supply is connected with a main circuit (9). The main circuit is connected with an inverter circuit (8). The inverter circuit of an inverter is connected with the voltage Hall sensors. The main circuit is connected with a drive circuit (7). The drive circuit is connected with a system control processor (6). The system control processor is connected with a signal collecting circuit (5).

Description

Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator and compensation method under three-phase imbalance
technical field:
the present invention relates to Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator and compensation method under a kind of three-phase imbalance.
background technology:
electric energy to be lived the necessary energy as people, its coverage and level of application represent china's overall national strength, along with development that is economic and science and technology, particularly power electronic technology fast development, be used in power domain on a large scale, because uneven and nonlinear load constantly increase in power distribution network, the quality of power supply receives and has a strong impact on, its harm is more and more serious, must be changed.
in the application of high-power converter, people wish that power electronic equipment can have larger operate power, but existing device for power switching is when having high switching frequency, are often difficult to bear higher voltage; Otherwise, when switching device has larger power holding capacity, its switching frequency that can reach is usually not high, the reactive power compensation apparatus be made up of three-phase commutation bridge, due to the restriction of the withstand voltage and switching frequency thereof that are subject to power switch pipe, usually cannot reach very large capacity, not meet the requirement of electric power system.Wanting to carry out reactive power compensation in high pressure field just must utilize the mode of cascade to improve operating voltage and the power output of system, Cascade H bridge reactive-load compensator with it without the need to multiplex transformer, floor space is little, efficiency is high and governing speed is fast, range of operation is wide etc., and advantage is widely studied.
summary of the invention:
the object of this invention is to provide Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator and compensation method under a kind of three-phase imbalance.
above-mentioned object is realized by following technical scheme:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under a kind of three-phase imbalance, its composition comprises: housing, described enclosure interior is provided with signal acquisition circuit, described signal acquisition circuit comprises 2 groups of current Hall transducers, 1 group of voltage hall sensor, three-phase alternating-current supply and asymmetric load are connected with described current Hall transducer respectively, described three-phase alternating-current supply and main circuit be connected, described main circuit connects inverter circuit, the described voltage hall sensor described in inverter circuit connection of inverter, described main circuit connects drive circuit, described drive circuit connected system control processor, described system control processor connection signal Acquisition Circuit.
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under described three-phase imbalance; described main circuit comprises the inductor and three-phase H bridge cascaded inverter that connect electrical network; described system control processor is for core with TMS320F2812 and FPGA of TI company; realize load-side current sample, offset current sampling, DC voltage sampling, the generation of current/voltage double-closed-loop control, CPS-SPWM ripple, auxiliary circuit comprises Switching Power Supply, protective circuit.
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under described three-phase imbalance, described inverter circuit adopts star connection, and such power device voltage withstand class is little, and the power tube that described inverter circuit adopts is IGBT, and DC voltage Udc is wherein 1000V.The capacity of IGBT is not only relevant with the capacity of reactive-load compensator, also relevant with the size of load neutral electric current, suitably can improve the current class of switching tube.
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under described three-phase imbalance, described current Hall transducer adopts current Hall module CHB-25NP to realize three-phase current detection, if during A phase current sampling, described current Hall transducer secondary current carries out sampling by resistance RM and obtains UM, is input in AD conversion chip after isolation, biased, low-pass filtering and clamped process.
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under described three-phase imbalance, described system control processor adopts FPGA+TMS320F2812 mode, wherein DSP2812 highest frequency can reach 150MHz, this chip peripheral hardware comprises 12,16 tunnel Precision A/D C, 2 road SCI and two event manager module EVA, EVB, and each event manager module comprises 6 tunnels and entirely compares PWM/CMP, 2 road QEP and 3 road CAP.
utilize a compensation method for Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under described three-phase imbalance, the method comprises the steps:
first in high pressure occasion, Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator, every is utilize 6 H bridge inverters to be together in series mutually, not only increase system voltage grade like this, also current harmonics is reduced, Cascade H bridge type reactive-load compensator is on the basis of instantaneous reactive power theory, adopt positive-negative sequence partition method, solve the reactive power compensation problem under unbalanced load, utilize feed forward decoupling control and Double closed-loop of voltage and current, required reactive current can be sent well, wherein on each H bridge inverter DC bus capacitor, voltage adopts three class control method, the voltage on each electric capacity can be balanced preferably, independent control is adopted between each phase, this cascade system is conducive to the alternate imbalance problem of resolution system, voltage support is provided better when system is disturbed, and all link units structures of system each change of current chain are identical, realize modularized design, be convenient to dilatation and maintenance,
when system is uneven, compensate idle to finally reach, make the object of system balancing, what adopt is control positive sequence, negative phase-sequence 2 electric current loops respectively, like this System Reactive Power, negative phase-sequence are compensated simultaneously, its operation principle mainly utilizes positive-negative sequence partition method and the positive-negative sequence current detection method converted based on dq, control strategy again when system balancing is before combined, owing to being wye connection in literary composition and without center line, without the need to considering zero-sequence component, the detection of negative sequence component after negative phase-sequence is separated, as long as the ω in positive sequence dq conversion is changed into-ω;
dC voltage adopts three class control method, according to DC voltage three class control block diagram, first will control DC voltage and maintain set-point Uref, now obtaining modulating wave phase angle is α, and then the balance of voltage controlled between three-phase, obtain each phase phase angle deviation delta alpha 1 , Δ α 2 , Δ α 3 , finally carry out capacitor voltage balance mutually again and control, this part realizes by carrying out fine setting to each phase sinusoidal modulation wave, and Udca is average voltage on A phase 6 electric capacity, and Uref is the given voltage of DC side, and finally calculating A phase m H bridge modulating wave is u am ;
in order to carry out coordinate transform, need the phase place knowing any time A phase voltage, therefore need synchronized testing circuit, adopt herein voltage Hall module CHV-25P A phase voltage reduce to amplitude be 5V with the low pressure sinusoidal signal of electrical network with homophase frequently, this signal finally obtains the square-wave signal of 0 ~ 3.3V through treatment circuit, to meet the requirement of DSP2812 to input voltage, the trailing edge of catching this square-wave signal by DSP capturing unit CAP3, can obtain the zero crossing of line voltage;
then sample load current, feedback current and 18 DC capacitor voltages are needed, in order to improve sampling precision and sampling channel number, adopt outside AD conversion chip ADC7656, its peripheral circuit, this chip is 16 6 passage high-precise synchronization sampling analog-digital chips, by the configuration to each pin, realize data sampling accurately and rapidly;
inverter respectively adopts star connection mutually, and such power device voltage withstand class can be smaller, and the power tube that each inverter section adopts is IGBT, and DC voltage Udc is wherein 1000V.The capacity of IGBT is not only relevant with the capacity of SVG, also relevant with the size of load neutral electric current, so, suitably can improve the current class of switching tube;
iGBT in isolated drive circuit is the switching tube of voltage driven type; its driving pulse has strict requirement in amplitude, rising and decrease speed etc.; otherwise the normal work of device can be affected; in order to improve the antijamming capability of system; the pwm signal sent by FPGA is after 74HC06 carries out level conversion; give chip PC929; this driving chip is built-in with IGBT short-circuit protection circuit and direct driving circuit; there is very high reaction speed; isolation voltage is very high reaches 4kV, and short-circuit protection function realizes the malfunction monitoring to module.
beneficial effect:
1. the present invention mainly provides a kind of stable, energy-conservation, reliable reactive power compensator; advantage is that this system has very high capacity; under higher voltage can be operated in; can also solve the three-phase imbalance problem caused by unbalanced power supply and nonlinear-load by compensating reactive power well; in addition; system also has overvoltage, under-voltage, overheat protector function, ensure that system safety, reliability service.
the present invention has obvious advantage relative to common reacance generator, mostly traditional reactive-load compensator is low capacity equipment, low pressure occasion can only be used in, its application is comparatively limited to, for high pressure occasion, Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator, every is utilize 6 H bridge inverters to be together in series mutually, not only increase system voltage grade like this, also current harmonics can be reduced, H bridge tandem type reactive-load compensator is the basis at instantaneous reactive power theory, adopt positive-negative sequence partition method, solve the reactive power compensation problem under unbalanced load, utilize feed forward decoupling control and Double closed-loop of voltage and current, required reactive current can be sent well, wherein on each H bridge inverter DC bus capacitor, voltage adopts three class control method, voltage on each electric capacity can be balanced preferably, also can independently control between each phase.This cascade system is conducive to the alternate imbalance problem of resolution system, can provide voltage support better when system is disturbed, and all link units structures of system each change of current chain are identical, can realize modularized design, be convenient to dilatation and maintenance.
the present invention adopts Cascade H bridge type inverter as the main circuit of reactive-load compensator, the positive-negative sequence current detection method based on dq conversion based on instantaneous reactive power theory, makes Cascade H bridge type reactive-load compensator detection of grid reactive current can suppress unbalanced load well for high-pressure reactive compensation well.
the present invention adopts Cascade H bridge type inverter as the main circuit of reactive-load compensator, substantially increase operating voltage and the capacity of system, and harmonic wave of output voltage is little, and waveform quality well also can compensate the zero-sequence current in center line.
dC voltage of the present invention adopts three class control method, can balance each phase and unit DC capacitor voltage preferably.
the present invention adopts the control mode of DSP+FPGA, and DSP is as computing and control section, and FPGA is used for producing PWM ripple, substantially increases arithmetic speed like this, improves the response time of whole device.
the present invention adopts a kind of novel high-pressure reactive compensation device, for in 6kV electric power system, not only can compensation network idle, resolution system three-phase imbalance problem, and also have effects such as supporting line voltage, main circuit adopts star connection, reactive current detection method is based on instantaneous reactive power theory, adopt voltage, current double closed-loop controls and feed forward decoupling control method, the modulation technique adopted is the phase-shifting carrier wave control method of bipolar frequency multiplication, three class control mode is adopted for DC side voltage of converter, first control overall DC voltage, control voltage between phases balance again, finally control the balance of voltage mutually.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
accompanying drawing 1 is entire system block diagram of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 2 is that positive-negative sequence of the present invention divides schematic diagram.
accompanying drawing 3 is positive-negative sequence current detection figure of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 4 is DC voltage three class control block diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 5 is voltage zero-crossing detection circuit schematic diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 6 is current detection circuit schematic diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 7 is AD7656 chip of the present invention and peripheral circuit diagram.
accompanying drawing 8 is connection layouts of H bridge cascade module of the present invention and electrical network.
accompanying drawing 9 is isolated drive circuit figure of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 10 is meritorious, reactive current control block diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 11 is Feedforward Decoupling equivalent control block diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 12 is H bridge cascade reactive-load compensator control system block diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 13 is one pole multiple-frequency modulation schematic diagrams of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 14 is system main program flow charts of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 15 is capture interrupt subroutine flow charts of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 16 is that timer 1 of the present invention interrupts flow chart.
accompanying drawing 17 is error protection interruption subroutine flow charts of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 18 is reactive-load compensator control algolithm flow charts of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 19 is A phase voltage map of current before compensation of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 20 is A phase voltage map of current after compensation of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 21 is compensation three-phase map of current of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 22 is three-phase electricity flow graphs after compensation of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 23 is that cascaded H-bridges three-phase of the present invention exports total voltage oscillogram.
accompanying drawing 24 is three-phase dc side of the present invention voltage oscillograms.
accompanying drawing 25 is A phase DC side of the present invention six capacitance voltage oscillograms.
accompanying drawing 26 is structural representations of the present invention.
embodiment:
embodiment 1:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under a kind of three-phase imbalance, its composition comprises: housing 1, described enclosure interior is provided with three-phase alternating-current supply 2, main circuit 9, drive circuit 7, system control processor 6, signal acquisition circuit 5, asymmetric load 4, enclosure interior is provided with signal acquisition circuit, signal acquisition circuit comprises 2 groups of current Hall transducers 3, 1 group of voltage hall sensor 10, three-phase alternating-current supply 2 is connected with current Hall transducer respectively with asymmetric load 4, three-phase alternating-current supply and main circuit 9 be connected, main circuit connects inverter circuit 8, the inverter circuit of inverter connects voltage hall sensor, main circuit connects drive circuit 7, drive circuit connected system control processor 6, system control processor connection signal Acquisition Circuit 5.As shown in figure 26.
embodiment 2:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to embodiment 1; described main circuit comprises the inductor and three-phase H bridge cascaded inverter that connect electrical network; described system control processor is for core with TMS320F2812 and FPGA of TI company; realize the functions such as load-side current sample, offset current sampling, DC voltage sampling, current/voltage double-closed-loop control, the generation of CPS-SPWM ripple, auxiliary circuit comprises Switching Power Supply, protective circuit.
embodiment 3:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to embodiment 1 or 2, described inverter circuit adopts star connection, such power device voltage withstand class can be smaller, the power tube that described inverter circuit adopts is IGBT, and DC voltage Udc is wherein 1000V.The capacity of IGBT is not only relevant with the capacity of reactive-load compensator, also relevant with the size of load neutral electric current, suitably can improve the current class of switching tube.
embodiment 4:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to embodiment 1 or 2 or 3, described current Hall transducer adopts current Hall module CHB-25NP to realize three-phase current detection, for A phase current sampling, described current Hall transducer secondary current carries out sampling by resistance RM and obtains UM, is input in AD conversion chip after isolation, biased, low-pass filtering and clamped process.
embodiment 5:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, described system control processor adopts FPGA+TMS320F2812 mode, wherein DSP2812 highest frequency can reach 150MHz, this chip peripheral hardware comprises 12,16 tunnel Precision A/D C, 2 road SCI and two event manager module EVA, EVB, and each event manager module comprises 6 tunnels and entirely compares PWM/CMP, 2 road QEP and 3 road CAP.
embodiment 6:
the compensation method of Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under a kind of three-phase imbalance, this method is first in high pressure occasion, Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator, every is utilize 6 H bridge inverters to be together in series mutually, not only increase system voltage grade like this, also current harmonics can be reduced, Cascade H bridge type reactive-load compensator is on the basis of instantaneous reactive power theory, adopt positive-negative sequence partition method, solve the reactive power compensation problem under unbalanced load, utilize feed forward decoupling control and Double closed-loop of voltage and current, required reactive current can be sent well, wherein on each H bridge inverter DC bus capacitor, voltage adopts three class control method, the voltage on each electric capacity can be balanced preferably, also can independently control between each phase, this cascade system is conducive to the alternate imbalance problem of resolution system, voltage support can be provided better when system is disturbed, and all link units structures of system each change of current chain are identical, modularized design can be realized, be convenient to dilatation and maintenance,
when system is uneven, compensate idle to finally reach, make the object of system balancing, what adopt is control positive sequence, negative phase-sequence 2 electric current loops respectively, can compensate System Reactive Power, negative phase-sequence so simultaneously, its operation principle mainly utilizes positive-negative sequence partition method and the positive-negative sequence current detection method converted based on dq, control strategy again when system balancing is before combined, owing to being wye connection in literary composition and without center line, without the need to considering zero-sequence component, the detection of negative sequence component after negative phase-sequence is separated, as long as the ω in positive sequence dq conversion is changed into-ω;
dC voltage adopts three class control method, according to DC voltage three class control block diagram, first will control DC voltage and maintain set-point Uref, now obtaining modulating wave phase angle is α, and then the balance of voltage controlled between three-phase, obtain each phase phase angle deviation delta alpha 1 , Δ α 2 , Δ α 3 , finally carry out capacitor voltage balance mutually again and control, this part realizes by carrying out fine setting to each phase sinusoidal modulation wave, and in Fig. 4, Udca is average voltage on A phase 6 electric capacity, and Uref is the given voltage of DC side, and finally calculating A phase m H bridge modulating wave is u am ;
in order to carry out coordinate transform, need the phase place knowing any time A phase voltage, therefore need synchronized testing circuit, adopt herein voltage Hall module CHV-25P A phase voltage reduce to amplitude be about 5V with the low pressure sinusoidal signal of electrical network with homophase frequently, this signal finally obtains the square-wave signal of 0 ~ 3.3V through treatment circuit, to meet the requirement of DSP2812 to input voltage, is caught the trailing edge of this square-wave signal by DSP capturing unit CAP3, the zero crossing of line voltage can be obtained
then sample load current, feedback current and 18 DC capacitor voltages are needed, in order to improve sampling precision and sampling channel number, adopt outside AD conversion chip ADC7656, its peripheral circuit, this chip is 16 6 passage high-precise synchronization sampling analog-digital chips, by the configuration to each pin, data sampling accurately and rapidly can be realized;
inverter respectively adopts star connection mutually, and such power device voltage withstand class can be smaller, and the power tube that each inverter section adopts is IGBT, and DC voltage Udc is wherein 1000V.The capacity of IGBT is not only relevant with the capacity of SVG, also relevant with the size of load neutral electric current, so, suitably can improve the current class of switching tube;
iGBT in isolated drive circuit is the switching tube of voltage driven type; its driving pulse has strict requirement in amplitude, rising and decrease speed etc.; otherwise the normal work of device can be affected; in order to improve the antijamming capability of system; the pwm signal sent by FPGA is after 74HC06 carries out level conversion; give chip PC929; this driving chip is built-in with IGBT short-circuit protection circuit and direct driving circuit; there is very high reaction speed; isolation voltage is very high reaches 4kV, and short-circuit protection function can realize the malfunction monitoring to module.
embodiment 7:
cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, under described three-phase imbalance, Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator is formed primarily of three parts, i.e. positive-negative sequence separative element, control unit, H bridge cascade module unit.
(1) positive-negative sequence is separated
when three phase network is uneven, its expression formula is:
(1)
in formula (1), U as , U bs , U cs a, b, c three-phase voltage effective value, θ e a , θ e b , θ e c be the start-phase of a, b, c phase voltage, three-phase voltage size is different with phase place but frequency is identical, is power frequency 50Hz.By symmetrical component method, these voltages can be decomposed into 3 groups of symmetrical vectors, can be expressed as formula (2), u in formula x + (t), u x - (t), u x 0 t () is the positive sequence of voltage, negative phase-sequence and zero-sequence component respectively, x represents a, b, c three-phase.
(2)
adopt Y to connect without center line connected mode herein, without the need to considering zero-sequence component, only need consider positive and negative sequence component, then formula (2) can be rewritten as:
(3)
continue conversion, dq conversion carried out to above formula:
in formula (4), C 23 matrix be voltage by 2 phase static coordinate in 3 phase static coordinate, R (θ), R (-θ) are the transformation matrix of positive and negative sequence respectively, and so the formula of 3 mutually unbalanced system voltages under 2 cordic phase rotator systems is:
(5)
wherein:
from formula (5): in dq coordinate, the positive sequence voltage component originally in three phase static abc coordinate system becomes DC quantity, and negative sequence component has become 2 order harmonic components, in like manner, inside negative phase-sequence synchronously rotating reference frame, negative sequence voltage will be DC quantity on the contrary, and positive sequence voltage becomes 2 subharmonic amounts.
because low pass filter filtering method median filter can cause response excessively slow, slow in reacting by frequency band is wide not; In trapper filter method, its filter effect and quality factor are associated, when frequency factor is very little, filter effect is just obvious, and the bandwidth of control can be reduced like this, therefore there is employed herein delay method, delay method principle relies on three-phase positive-negative sequence and their self mathematical characteristics of symmetrical component to derive, and makes a concrete analysis of below.
can be obtained by (3):
(6)
(7)
(8)
in formula (8), negative phase-sequence pressure full symmetric, then their sums are 0, then can abbreviation be:
(9)
can be obtained by sinusoidal wave function characteristic again:
(10)
obviously find out that delay can carry out equivalence by delay, then can be obtained by (9), (10):
(11)
in like manner can obtain:
(12)
(13)
(14)
because three-phase positive sequence, negative phase-sequence are symmetrical, then phase voltage positive-negative sequence can be added negate by a, b two-phase positive sequence, and negative phase-sequence is added negate and tries to achieve, shown in delay method positive-negative sequence separation principle Fig. 2.
(2) control unit
by the Analysis of Equivalent Circuit to reactive-load compensator, the loss of whole current transformer is equivalent to fixed resistance R, and linked reactor and line inductance are equivalent to inductance L, and cascade reactive-load compensator output voltage is many level staircase waveform, harmonic content is little, therefore can ignore harmonic wave and only consider its fundametal compoment; Think system three-phase symmetrical, ac output voltage and capacitance voltage linear.So, for star connection, under abc coordinate system, can be obtained by Kirchoff s voltage current law:
(15)
introduce dq transform (15) to become under rotating coordinate system:
(16)
in formula, Vsd, Vsq, Vcd, Vcq are respectively the dq component of line voltage and reactive-load compensator output voltage, and id, iq are the dq component of reactive-load compensator output current.Because Us and d axle overlaps, following formula is therefore had to set up:
(17)
wherein: be the phase difference of reactive-load compensator output voltage and line voltage, M is modulation ratio.If selection controlled quentity controlled variable is dq axle component Vcd and Vcq of the output voltage of reactive-load compensator, due to, by will change the Power Exchange of reactive-load compensator and electrical network to the control of M and α, thus bucking-out system is idle.The expression formula of reactive-load compensator output voltage Vcd, Vcq can be obtained according to formula (16):
(18)
gained merit according to formula (18), reactive current control block diagram as shown in Figure 10.Can obviously find out, reactive-load compensator system is a typical coupled system, and id, iq are coupled by reactor, and the change of reactive-load compensator output voltage can have influence on the change of output current, and dq axle influences each other, and is unfavorable for controlling.By taking certain measure to dq decoupler shaft, control can be made more simple, and current transformation becomes DC quantity after dq axle, is regulated can realize floating adjustment by conventional linear PI.
feed forward decoupling control strategy is as follows, introduces variable X 1 , X 2 :
(19)
can be obtained by (18) and (19):
(20)
(21)
then can obtain Feedforward Decoupling equivalent control block diagram as shown in figure 11.
by this conversion, dq shaft current is designed to two PI controllers, its output is exactly intermediate variable x 1 , x 2 , so just can realize the uneoupled control of dq shaft current.As shown in figure 12, the double closed-loop control system that Figure 12 middle controller is made up of outer voltage and current inner loop, first load current positive-negative sequence is separated H bridge cascade reactive-load compensator control system control block diagram.Outer voltage controls DC side global voltage, its given voltage compared with actual measurement voltage after PI regulates and the positive sequence active current id calculated + sum as positive sequence active current command signal, using the positive sequence reactive current calculated as positive sequence referenced reactive current signal iq + ; The gaining merit and referenced reactive current signal id as negative phase-sequence using the negative phase-sequence active current calculated and reactive current - with iq - , the dq of reactive-load compensator output current converts the inner loop feedback as electric current, and command signal and feedback signal compare, then carry out PI adjustment, finally obtains the output voltage Vcd that reactive-load compensator is expected + , Vcd - with Vcq + and Vcq - , by Vcd + , Vcd - with Vcq + and Vcq - , calculate scheduling M and the phase shifting angle α of sinusoidal modulation wave respectively, be again transformed into the modulating wave of three-phase difference 120 degree, i.e. the modulating wave u of positive sequence three-phase a1 , u b1 , u c1 with the modulating wave u of negative phase-sequence three-phase a2 , u b2 , u c2 , addition corresponding for the three-phase modulations ripple of positive sequence and negative phase-sequence is obtained the modulating wave u of total three-phase a , u b , u c , we are referred to as one-level modulating wave.
(3) cascaded H-bridges module
when reactive-load compensator normally runs, DC capacitor voltage can fluctuate because of the existence of harmonic wave and switching device loss, for making voltage be constantly equal to set point, must control the busbar voltage of DC side.
first the method adopting PI to regulate herein carries out one-level control to the voltage of DC side.Because the present invention is applicable to 6kV network system, adopt the cascade of 6H bridge, select DC capacitor voltage to control as 1000V at this.
the magnitude of voltage Uref of a given DC side, the DC voltage Udc that Uref and actual feedback are returned compares, its difference after pi regulator, the command signal Idref of adjusted DC voltage.Using Idref as active current Setting signal, the DC side and the AC that carry out reacance generator carry out energy exchange, thus Udc is adjusted to set-point Uref.
the H bridge cascade reactive power compensation apparatus of this product is often composed in series by 6 H-bridge unit, and each unit DC capacitor voltage is separate, and this structure makes it be widely applied in large-power occasions.Ideally, if the parameter of each current transforming unit is identical with triggering signal, the voltage of each electric capacity of DC side will keep balance always.And in real system, between unit, all there is differential loss, although and trigger impulse instruction is identical, and need the grid that could arrive IGBT through multiple gate circuit and amplifying element, owing to there is certain time delay in signal now, and not quite identical.
according to the formula of deriving before, change size and phase place, i.e. the modulation ratio M and phase shifting angle δ of unit output voltage, the meritorious of this element absorption can be changed.The electric current that electric capacity is flow through in control break can balance the capacitance voltage of each unit, and this can be realized by the minor adjustments of offset of sinusoidal modulating wave phase angle, and concrete control strategy as shown in Figure 4.First calculating three-phase dc side average voltage Udc is reference voltage, A, B, C each phase DC voltage mean value respectively at works difference compare, regulate through PI, respectively output Δ α 1 , Δ α 2 , Δ α 3 , then be added to respectively and be added to that original angle just obtains phase angle is α 1 , α 2 , α 3 secondary modulation ripple.
except carrying out except balance adjustment to the capacitance voltage between three-phase, also need to carry out balance to each phase internal capacitance voltage to control, on the final each electric capacity of such guarantee voltage equal because mutually each unit also there is deviation in phase global voltage mean value is therewith Δ Udcam=Udca-Udcan, in formula, Udcam is the capacitance voltage of A phase m unit, the present invention realizes by carrying out fine setting to each sinusoidal modulation wave the control of these capacitance voltages, required bucking voltage conditioning signal is sent by system or absorbs idle decision, if absorb idle, then institute's bucking voltage conditioning signal just should be, otherwise be negative.Fig. 4 is A phase m unit DC voltage control structure chart.
through above three steps, final three-phase voltage modulating wave is u am , u bm , u cm , be illustrated in figure 4 the schematic diagram that three class control method controls DC voltage.
embodiment 8:
the compensation method of Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to embodiment 1-7, the generation of the control section PWM of described system control processor adopts phase-shifting carrier wave modulation (CPS-SPWM) technology, different according to modulator approach, CPS-SPWM technology can be divided into bipolarity and unipolarity frequency multiplication SPWM two kinds.One pole multiple-frequency modulation method, being exactly specifically make phase place be that one group of sinusoidal modulation wave of 180 ° is compared with triangular wave and produced PWM ripple, with the action of control switch pipe, is a certain phase modulating wave, by modulating wave Vr and triangular carrier V as shown in figure 13 t compare, if Vr is large, then T1 exports high level, switching tube S1 conducting, and S2 turns off; Otherwise S2 is open-minded, S1 turns off; In like manner ,-Vr and V is made t relatively control S3, S4 state, like this in switching tube action situation, total output voltage has twice pulsation, and namely output voltage waveforms ripple frequency is the twice of devices switch frequency.Which improves equivalent switching frequency, reduce the wastage, but also improve output waveform quality, basic modulation principle as shown in figure 13.
the integrated planning of reactive-load compensator systems soft ware has been come by program design, it is mainly configured the operational environment of dsp system, in system correlated variables initialization, each interrupt initialization, judge whether opens interrupters subprogram etc., then enter and receive and send in the circulation of data, wait for the generation of interrupt event simultaneously.When interruption is unlocked, temporarily stop major cycle, enter into corresponding interrupt service subroutine and carry out various computing and configuration pwm control signal.After having interrupted, return major cycle, continued to wait for the generation next time interrupted.Main program flow chart as shown in figure 14.
the main detection of grid frequency of capture interrupt subprogram, complete digital phase-locked loop, zero cross detection circuit opens capture interrupt subprogram by the zero crossing detecting phase voltage signal, when capture interrupt subprogram is unlocked, start timer T1 in subprogram of breaking hereinto the while of reading the value of nonce counter, and preset sine table pointer is reset.Capture interrupt as shown in figure 15.
the all control algolithm of cascade high voltage reactive-load compensator system all completes in timer 1 interruption subroutine, extract, compare the calculating realization etc. of controls, modulating wave comprising sampled voltage and current signal, idle instruction current, for timer 1 interruption subroutine flow chart, because the switching frequency of system is set to 18kHz, so, performing timer 1 break period can not more than 55 μ s, otherwise also do not execute last interruption subroutine, just enter into and interrupted next time, can system disorders have been caused.
error protection interruption subroutine flow chart as shown in figure 17.When over-current phenomenon avoidance appears in system, in time fault-signal can be fed back to core controller DSP, block all pulse signals by current foldback circuit and carry out protection system hardware circuit.
be main control algorithm flow chart as shown in figure 18.The calculating and the current inner loop that mainly comprise instruction current control, wherein instruction current calculates and comprises idle instruction and meritorious instruction, referenced reactive current is converted by abc/dq more directly obtain by by detecting load current, and active current instruction to be regulated through PI by the difference of given voltage and DC voltage to obtain.Current inner loop controls to be that the reactive current of reactive-load compensator and active current compare with Setting signal respectively and regulate through PI.By calculating Vcd and Vcq, finally calculate modulation degree M and phase shift angle α.For next step calculating is ready.
for verification system reactive power compensation effect, carry out simulating, verifying, A phase voltage, current waveform before being compensation as shown in figure 19.As can be seen from the figure, before compensating, electric current obviously lags behind voltage, and A phase voltage and current waveform after being compensation as shown in figure 20, after can finding out compensation, electric current and voltage becomes homophase, by finding out that the present invention has good compensation effect to idle shown in such as Figure 19,20.
for verification system imbalance compensation effect, carry out simulating, verifying, three-phase current waveform before being power network compensation as shown in figure 21.As can be seen from the figure, compensate three-phase current amplitude different, three-phase current waveform after being compensation as shown in figure 22, after can compensation being found out, three-phase current amplitude is substantially identical, by to such as finding out that the present invention has good compensation effect to system imbalance shown in Figure 21,22, inhibit unbalanced load.
24 is three-phase dc side voltage waveforms as shown in the figure, namely every mutually in the mean value of voltage on DC bus capacitor, after the closed-loop control to DC side busbar voltage, DC side busbar voltage is stabilized in set-point 1000V substantially.
be A phase DC side six capacitance voltage waveforms as shown in figure 25, as can be seen from Figure, the balance of capacitance voltage controls within mutually, and six capacitance voltages being are in a basic balance.

Claims (6)

1. Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under a three-phase imbalance, its composition comprises: housing, it is characterized in that: described enclosure interior is provided with signal acquisition circuit, described signal acquisition circuit comprises 2 groups of current Hall transducers, 1 group of voltage hall sensor, three-phase alternating-current supply and asymmetric load are connected with described current Hall transducer respectively, described three-phase alternating-current supply and main circuit be connected, described main circuit connects inverter circuit, the described voltage hall sensor described in inverter circuit connection of inverter, described main circuit connects drive circuit, described drive circuit connected system control processor, described system control processor connection signal Acquisition Circuit.
2. Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described main circuit comprises the inductor and three-phase H bridge cascaded inverter that connect electrical network; described system control processor is for core with TMS320F2812 and FPGA of TI company; realize load-side current sample, offset current sampling, DC voltage sampling, the generation of current/voltage double-closed-loop control, CPS-SPWM ripple, auxiliary circuit comprises Switching Power Supply, protective circuit.
3. Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under three-phase imbalance according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described inverter circuit adopts star connection, such power device voltage withstand class is little, the power tube that described inverter circuit adopts is IGBT, DC voltage Udc is wherein 1000V, the capacity of IGBT is not only relevant with the capacity of reactive-load compensator, also relevant with the size of load neutral electric current, suitably can improve the current class of switching tube.
4. Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under the three-phase imbalance according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described current Hall transducer adopts current Hall module CHB-25NP to realize three-phase current detection, if during A phase current sampling, described current Hall transducer secondary current carries out sampling by resistance RM and obtains UM, is input in AD conversion chip after isolation, biased, low-pass filtering and clamped process.
5. Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under the three-phase imbalance according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described system control processor adopts FPGA+TMS320F2812 mode, wherein DSP2812 highest frequency can reach 150MHz, this chip peripheral hardware comprises 12,16 tunnel Precision A/D C, 2 road SCI and two event manager module EVA, EVB, and each event manager module comprises 6 tunnels and entirely compares PWM/CMP, 2 road QEP and 3 road CAP.
6. utilize a compensation method for Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator under the three-phase imbalance described in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
First in high pressure occasion, Cascade H bridge Static Synchronous reactive-load compensator, every is utilize 6 H bridge inverters to be together in series mutually, not only increase system voltage grade like this, also current harmonics is reduced, Cascade H bridge type reactive-load compensator is on the basis of instantaneous reactive power theory, adopt positive-negative sequence partition method, solve the reactive power compensation problem under unbalanced load, utilize feed forward decoupling control and Double closed-loop of voltage and current, required reactive current can be sent well, wherein on each H bridge inverter DC bus capacitor, voltage adopts three class control method, the voltage on each electric capacity can be balanced preferably, independent control is adopted between each phase, this cascade system is conducive to the alternate imbalance problem of resolution system, voltage support is provided better when system is disturbed, and all link units structures of system each change of current chain are identical, realize modularized design, be convenient to dilatation and maintenance, when system is uneven, compensate idle to finally reach, make the object of system balancing, what adopt is control positive sequence, negative phase-sequence 2 electric current loops respectively, like this System Reactive Power, negative phase-sequence are compensated simultaneously, its operation principle mainly utilizes positive-negative sequence partition method and the positive-negative sequence current detection method converted based on dq, control strategy again when system balancing is before combined, owing to being wye connection in literary composition and without center line, without the need to considering zero-sequence component, the detection of negative sequence component after negative phase-sequence is separated, as long as the ω in positive sequence dq conversion is changed into-ω, DC voltage adopts three class control method, according to DC voltage three class control block diagram, first will control DC voltage and maintain set-point Uref, now obtaining modulating wave phase angle is α, and then the balance of voltage controlled between three-phase, obtain each phase phase angle deviation delta alpha 1, Δ α 2, Δ α 3, finally carry out capacitor voltage balance mutually again and control, this part realizes by carrying out fine setting to each phase sinusoidal modulation wave, and Udca is average voltage on A phase 6 electric capacity, and Uref is the given voltage of DC side, and finally calculating A phase m H bridge modulating wave is u am, in order to carry out coordinate transform, need the phase place knowing any time A phase voltage, therefore need synchronized testing circuit, adopt herein voltage Hall module CHV-25P A phase voltage reduce to amplitude be 5V with the low pressure sinusoidal signal of electrical network with homophase frequently, this signal finally obtains the square-wave signal of 0 ~ 3.3V through treatment circuit, to meet the requirement of DSP2812 to input voltage, the trailing edge of catching this square-wave signal by DSP capturing unit CAP3, can obtain the zero crossing of line voltage, then sample load current, feedback current and 18 DC capacitor voltages are needed, in order to improve sampling precision and sampling channel number, adopt outside AD conversion chip ADC7656, its peripheral circuit, this chip is 16 6 passage high-precise synchronization sampling analog-digital chips, by the configuration to each pin, realize data sampling accurately and rapidly, inverter respectively adopts star connection mutually, such power device voltage withstand class can be smaller, the power tube that each inverter section adopts is IGBT, DC voltage Udc is wherein 1000V, the capacity of IGBT is not only relevant with the capacity of SVG, also relevant with the size of load neutral electric current, so, suitably can improve the current class of switching tube, IGBT in isolated drive circuit is the switching tube of voltage driven type, its driving pulse has strict requirement in amplitude, rising and decrease speed etc., otherwise the normal work of device can be affected, in order to improve the antijamming capability of system, the pwm signal sent by FPGA is after 74HC06 carries out level conversion, give chip PC929, this driving chip is built-in with IGBT short-circuit protection circuit and direct driving circuit, there is very high reaction speed, isolation voltage is very high reaches 4kV, and short-circuit protection function realizes the malfunction monitoring to module.
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