CN104333037A - Cooperative control method for participating in frequency modulation and pressure regulation of power system by wind storage cluster - Google Patents
Cooperative control method for participating in frequency modulation and pressure regulation of power system by wind storage cluster Download PDFInfo
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- H02J3/386—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooperative control method for participating in the frequency modulation and pressure regulation of a power system by a wind storage cluster. The method comprises the following steps: using the over-speed control and pitch angle control of a wind turbine generator to preserve a part of active power and reactive power for the wind storage cluster as the frequency modulation and pressure regulation standby power of the power system in accordance with the active power and reactive power capacity standby requirements given by the operation condition of a wind power plant, wind speed and the scheduling of the power system; determining the size of the active power and reactive power given by the wind storage cluster in accordance with the state of the wind storage cluster when the frequency or voltage of the power system is fluctuated; and finally, by reference to the capacity limitation of a wind turbine generator and stored energy, determining the final output condition of the wind turbine generator and the stored energy. According to the cooperative control method provided by the invention, the condition that the wind storage cluster participates in the system frequency and voltage regulation, and the stability and electric energy quality of the power system can be effectively improved by less energy storage capacity allocation in the power system with higher wind power permeability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control method of a kind of wind energy turbine set close friend access electric power system, particularly a kind of wind accumulation participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation.
Background technology
Along with the low carbonization adjustment of China's energy resource structure, the proportion that the regenerative resources such as wind energy are occupied in China's energy resource structure increases gradually, and the interactional degree between regenerative resource and electric power system is progressively strengthened.
Although the regenerative resources such as wind-powered electricity generation can solve the energy and environmental problem to a certain extent, when wind-powered electricity generation permeability is higher, the access of wind-powered electricity generation can bring certain impact to the safe and stable operation of electric power system.
The motive power of Wind turbines is wind energy, and wind energy makes the power sent of Wind turbines be interval due to the intermittence of wind and stochastic volatility and fluctuates, and the wind energy connecting system of these fluctuations can bring impact to electric power system.Meanwhile, because Wind turbines is asynchronous machine, if do not controlled, while sending active power, need to absorb certain reactive power, do not utilize the voltage stabilization of system.When wind-powered electricity generation permeability is lower, these impacts are not obvious, and along with the raising of wind-powered electricity generation permeability, the impact of wind energy on electric power system increases gradually, cause certain difficulty also to while bringing economic benefit to electric power system the operation of electrical network.In the electric power system that wind-electricity integration proportion is larger, because Power Output for Wind Power Field has incomplete controllability and expection property, the inertia of the distribution of original electric power system tide, circuit transmission power and whole system can be changed to a certain extent, thus impact is created on meritorious, reactive power equilibrium, frequency and the voltage stabilization of electrical network.When wind-electricity integration runs, the particularly minor scale power net of independent operating, power grid construction is relatively weak, and network re-active power regulating power is less, and the stabilization of power grids sex chromosome mosaicism that wind-electricity integration brings is more obvious.Therefore, increasing Utilities Electric Co. requires that wind power generation at least can provide backup service as conventional power plant.
But wind power generation, due to the restriction such as capacity and exciting current, when system provides power demand, only utilizes Wind turbines cannot obtain regulating effect preferably.Energy storage device, due to its flexible controllability, coordinates Wind turbines to carry out electric power quality improvement and can play good effect.Therefore, for ensureing, when wind-powered electricity generation permeability progressively increases, to meet electric power quality requirement, be badly in need of finding out the control method that a kind of wind accumulation participates in system frequency, voltage-regulation, to improve power system economy and reliability.
Chinese patent 201210477712.3 discloses a kind of wind accumulation control method, the rotor inertia of Wind turbines is responded, hypervelocity controls and becomes oar to control to coordinate to get up to produce certain reserve, the change of active response system frequency, simultaneously, from the angle of reserve capacity confidence level, configure deficiency and change that certain energy storage makes up Wind turbines self reserve capacity, but this patent is mainly for the response of wind accumulation to system frequency, do not consider the problem of voltage response, and voltage response needs to carry out larger adjustment to the control system of Wind turbines and energy storage, and the relation with frequency response control system will be coordinated.Chinese patent CN101931241A discloses wind farm grid-connected coordination control method, Wind turbines rotor is utilized to participate in system frequency modulation, energy-storage system and change oar carry out the control method for frequency coordinated by one order inertia filter, and assign the voltage control method of specifying idle index of exerting oneself by scheduling directly to wind energy turbine set, its weak point is coordination when not taking into full account active power of wind power field and reactive power output, meanwhile, the feature that energy storage device is controlled is not flexibly given full play to.In the electric power system that wind-powered electricity generation permeability is higher, when the electric power system frequency of occurrences and change in voltage, require that the real-time of wind accumulation to stability of power system and the quality of power supply is stronger, must according to the real-time status of electric power system, fully take into account the regulating power of wind accumulation, the reliable and economical operation of guarantee electric power system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome in prior art and only consider that wind energy turbine set only participates in the active power output control of frequency adjustment, and between active power output and reactive power output, lack the problem of coordination, for the stability of power system under wind energy turbine set high permeability and power quality problem, the control method for coordinating that a kind of wind accumulation participates in power system frequency voltage-regulation is proposed.The present invention can realize the adjustment of Wind turbines and energy storage device active participate power system frequency and voltage, improves access and the digestion capability of wind-powered electricity generation further.
The present invention is by detecting frequency and voltage deviation and rate of change, the wind speed of the electric power system of wind power integration side, and according to dispatch command, control according to Wind turbines inertial response, exceed the speed limit the modes such as control, award setting and energy storage device control, make Wind turbines and energy storage device export specific active power, the available capability according to wind speed and each control mode coordinates the control modes such as the control of Wind turbines inertial response, hypervelocity control, award setting and energy storage device control; Meanwhile, realize reactive power export by regulating wind power set grid-connection side converter and the mode such as rotor excitation current, energy storage device, the available capability according to wind speed and each control mode coordinates reactive power output; The output of active power and reactive power is coordinated according to wind speed, wind accumulation state, POWER SYSTEM STATE and dispatch command etc.
The present invention in wind-powered electricity generation Thief zone situation, can make Wind turbines close friend access electrical network, improves stability and the quality of power supply of electric power system; When the electric power system frequency of occurrences or change in voltage, make wind accumulation initiatively provide certain and meritoriously to support with reactive power, active participate is to the adjustment of mains frequency and voltage.
For achieving the above object, the coordination control strategy step of wind accumulation participation electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation of the present invention is as follows:
(1) gather power system frequency, information of voltage and wind farm wind velocity information, simultaneously according to power system dispatching instruction, form wind energy turbine set frequency modulation, pressure regulation spare capacity needs;
(2) according to wind speed and wind energy turbine set frequency modulation, pressure regulation spare capacity needs, the hypervelocity of Wind turbines is utilized to control and award setting, determine the initial active power of each typhoon group of motors, reactive power is exerted oneself and initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle, and the state-of-charge of energy storage device;
(3) according to the real-time frequency departure of electric power system and rate of change information thereof, the frequency modulation demand that electric power system is current is determined; The voltage deviation real-time according to electric power system and rate of change information thereof, determine the pressure regulation demand that electric power system is current;
(4) to exert oneself situation according to Wind turbines, determine the active power that Wind turbines and energy storage device need to send and reactive power size;
(5) in conjunction with Wind turbines capacity, exciting current restriction and the real-time electric state of electric power system, determine that Wind turbines active power and reactive power are exerted oneself reference value;
(6) in conjunction with capacity of energy storing device restriction and the real-time electric state of electric power system, determine that the active power of energy storage device and reactive power are exerted oneself reference value;
(7) reference value of Wind turbines active power and reactive power being exerted oneself is converted to the parameters input such as Wind turbines rotating speed, propeller pitch angle, exciting current to Wind turbines, makes Wind turbines complete adjustment to power system frequency and voltage;
(8) reference value of the active power of energy storage device and reactive power being exerted oneself inputs to energy storage device, makes energy storage device complete adjustment to power system frequency and voltage;
(9), after completing the adjustment to power system frequency and voltage, Wind turbines and energy storage device frequency modulation and voltage modulation reserve capacity is recovered according to step (1), step (2).
Further, in described step (1), power system dispatching instruction refers to that power system dispatching root reserves the active power of d% as frequency modulation spare capacity needs according to electric power system frequency modulation demand and each typhoon group of motors of the determined wind energy turbine set of wind speed information, and d is 5%-10%.This frequency modulation spare capacity needs is exceeded the speed limit by Wind turbines and controls to provide with award setting.
Further, in described step (2), the determination of the initial speed of each typhoon group of motors is relevant with wind speed, according to Wind turbines active power fan-out capability and the stand-by requirement of electric power system frequency modulation, wind speed is divided into threshold wind velocity section, low wind speed section, middle wind speed section and high wind speed section 4 part.Wherein, threshold wind velocity section is for incision wind speed is to threshold wind speed, and threshold wind velocity section Wind turbines active power fan-out capability is less, and it is little that rotation speed change exports impact to Wind turbines active power; The wind speed of the low wind speed section upper limit for utilizing hypervelocity to control to provide the stand-by requirement of whole electric power system frequency modulation; When high wind speed section lower limit is for employing MPPT maximum power point tracking, Wind turbines rotating speed reaches wind speed during maximum (top) speed; Corresponding different wind speed, the initial speed of Wind turbines is different, and initial speed ω and wind speed relation meet:
In formula, R
wfor Wind turbines radius, λ is the tip speed ratio that Wind turbines obtains when controlling according to MPPT maximum power point tracking, λ ' for Wind turbines according to the active power of reserved d% as the tip speed ratio obtained during frequency modulation spare capacity needs, v
wind speedfor the Wind turbines wind speed detected, v
threshold wind speedfor the maximum wind velocity of threshold wind velocity section, v
mid.infor the minimum windspeed of middle wind speed section.
Further, in described step (2), according to wind speed and wind energy turbine set frequency modulation, pressure regulation spare capacity needs, the hypervelocity of Wind turbines is utilized to control and award setting, determine that initial active power, the reactive power of each typhoon group of motors are exerted oneself, initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle, and the state-of-charge of energy storage device; Wherein the frequency modulation spare capacity needs of wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself with the initial active power of each typhoon group of motors, initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle and energy storage device state-of-charge be relevant, and the pressure regulation spare capacity needs of wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself relevant with the initial reactive power of each typhoon group of motors.
Wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs is controlled jointly to provide with award setting by the hypervelocity of each typhoon group of motors.After how many wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs is born in the hypervelocity control and award setting of determining Wind turbines respectively, can obtain corresponding to the initial speed of this wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs and initial propeller pitch angle, and send initial active power by initial speed and initial award setting Wind turbines.When wind speed is in threshold wind velocity section, Wind turbines adopts MPPT maximum power point tracking to control, and ignores wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs; When low wind speed section, the wind energy turbine set frequency modulation non-firm power that power system dispatching requires Wind turbines to reserve all is controlled to provide by the hypervelocity of Wind turbines; In middle wind speed section, frequency modulation non-firm power is preferentially controlled to provide by the hypervelocity of Wind turbines, and insufficient section utilizes the award setting of Wind turbines to provide; In high wind speed section, Wind turbines adopts constant speed control, and frequency modulation non-firm power provides by the award setting of Wind turbines.
Wind energy turbine set pressure regulation spare capacity needs is relevant with each typhoon group of motors adjustable reactive power nargin, and each typhoon group of motors adjustable reactive power nargin is exerted oneself by each typhoon group of motors active power and jointly to be determined with each typhoon group of motors apparent power, meets:
In formula, Q
maxfor the adjustable reactive power nargin of each typhoon group of motors, S is each typhoon group of motors apparent power, and P is that each typhoon group of motors active power is exerted oneself.
After exerting oneself according to the initial active power of wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs determination wind energy turbine set, the initial reactive power of wind energy turbine set that can obtain exerting oneself corresponding to this active power is exerted oneself; Energy storage device state-of-charge is relevant with wind speed, when wind speed is in threshold wind velocity section and low wind speed section, energy storage device state-of-charge should be made to be in higher level, when wind speed is in middle wind speed section and high wind speed section, suitably can reduce energy storage device state-of-charge level.
Further, described step (3) determines that the mode of electric power system frequency modulation demand is: when determining electric power system frequency modulation demand, according to power system frequency deviation and rate of change thereof, is controlled and droop control method realization by inertia:
In formula, Δ P is the active power that electric power system frequency modulation needs, and Δ f is the difference of electric power system real-time frequency and rated frequency, K
pffor frequency modulation droop control coefficient, K
dffor frequency modulation inertial control system.
Further, determine in described step (3) that the mode of electric power system pressure regulation demand is for foundation power system voltage deviation, is realized by droop control method:
ΔQ＝KΔU。
In formula, Δ Q is the reactive power that electric power system pressure regulation needs, and Δ U is the difference of electric power system real-time voltage and rated voltage, and K is pressure regulation droop control coefficient.
Further, in described step (4), Wind turbines and energy storage device need the active power that sends and reactive power to depend on real-time status and the Power Systems demand of Wind turbines.The active power that Wind turbines needs to send, reactive power are added by the initial active power of Wind turbines, reactive power and the active power requiring Wind turbines to issue additional according to electric power system active power, reactive power demand and Wind turbines real-time status, reactive power and are formed; Active power, reactive power that the active power that energy storage device needs to send, reactive power are issued additional by electric power system active power, reactive power demand and Wind turbines are subtracted each other and are obtained.
Further, the real-time electric state of electric power system in described step (5) and step (6) divides according to the power system frequency deviation detected and voltage deviation;
The frequency departure of electric power system is divided into F1-F4 tetra-kinds of situations, is respectively:
F1:f≥50.5Hz，F2:50Hz≤f＜50.5Hz，F3:48.5Hz≤f＜50Hz，F4:f＜48.5Hz
In formula, variable f refers to the electric power system real-time frequency detected;
The voltage deviation of electric power system is divided into U1-U4 tetra-kinds of situations, is respectively:
U1:U≥1.3U
ref，U2:1.0U
ref≤U＜1.3U
ref,U3:0.8U
ref≤U＜1.0U
ref,U4:U＜0.8U
ref
In formula, variable U
refrefer to electric power system rated voltage, U refers to the electric power system real-time voltage detected.
According to frequency departure and the voltage deviation of described electric power system, the real-time electric state of electric power system is divided into following 16 kinds:
F4∩U3＝T1 F3∩U3＝T5 F4∩U4＝T9 F3∩U1＝T13
F4∩U2＝T2 F3∩U2＝T6 F4∩U1＝T10 F3∩U4＝T14
F1∩U3＝T3 F2∩U3＝T7 F1∩U4＝T11 F2∩U1＝T15
F1∩U2＝T4 F2∩U2＝T8 F1∩U1＝T12 F2∩U4＝T16
To the real-time electric state of above-mentioned various electric power system, determined Wind turbines active power and method for controlling reactive power as follows:
For electric state T1-T4, wind accumulation is preferentially utilized to carry out electric power system active power regulation; For electric state T5-T12, meeting in wind accumulation capacity limit situation, according to the demand of electric power system to active power and reactive power, completing electric power system active power in proportion and reactive power regulates; For electric state T13-T16, wind accumulation is preferentially utilized to carry out Power System Reactive Power adjustment.
For the distribution of wind accumulation active power, preferentially utilize the active reserve capacity of Wind turbines self, when the active reserve capacity of Wind turbines self is not enough, recycling energy storage device makes up the deficiency that active power is exerted oneself; For the distribution of wind accumulation reactive power, preferentially utilize the reactive power reserve of Wind turbines self, when the reactive power reserve of Wind turbines self is not enough, recycling energy storage device makes up the deficiency that reactive power is exerted oneself.
The present invention is in conjunction with dispatching requirement, from macroscopic perspective, wind energy turbine set is regulated and controled, coordinate energy storage device controlled flexibly simultaneously, wind accumulation is made effectively to participate in the quality of power supply adjustment process of system, decrease wind field access to the impact of electric power system and impact, provide the stability of wind-powered electricity generation Thief zone electric power system simultaneously.Beneficial effect of the present invention is, makes wind accumulation can participate in system frequency and voltage-regulation, ensure that, in the electric power system of wind-powered electricity generation Thief zone, Wind turbines can effectively participate in system power quality optimization, has reliable, the safety and economical operation that utilize system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is control method block schematic illustration of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that in the present invention, hypervelocity controls power backup curve;
Fig. 3 becomes oar to control power backup block schematic illustration in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that in the present invention, initial speed and initial propeller pitch angle obtain schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 5 is frequency modulation power division schematic flow sheet in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is pressure regulation power division schematic flow sheet in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that in the present invention, electric state divides and selects schematic flow sheet, and wherein Fig. 7 a is the division flow process of electric state, and Fig. 7 b is the selection flow process of electric operating mode;
Fig. 8 is active power, the reactive power reference qref determination mode schematic flow sheet of Wind turbines in the present invention;
Fig. 9 is active power, the reactive power reference qref defining method schematic flow sheet of energy storage device in the present invention;
Figure 10 is the electric power system schematic diagram that in the present invention, detection control strategy practicality adopts;
Figure 11 is that wind accumulation of the present invention participation system frequency voltage coordination control strategy is being determined under wind conditions, adjustment situation during the change of system generation active power, frequency adjustment situation when wherein Figure 11 a is low wind speed, Figure 11 b is that middle wind speed time-frequency rate regulates situation, frequency adjustment situation when Figure 11 c is high wind speed;
Figure 12 is that the present invention is determining under wind conditions, the adjustment situation during change of electric power system generation reactive power; Voltage-regulation situation when wherein Figure 12 a is low wind speed, voltage-regulation situation when Figure 12 b is middle wind speed, voltage-regulation situation when Figure 12 c is high wind speed;
Figure 13 is that the present invention is determining under wind conditions, adjustment situation during system generation bus place three-phase metallicity fault; Voltage-regulation situation when wherein Figure 13 a is low wind speed, voltage-regulation situation when Figure 13 b is middle wind speed, voltage-regulation situation when Figure 13 c is high wind speed;
Figure 14 is that the present invention is determining under wind conditions, and the adjustment situation during three-phase metallicity fault of line side occurs in electric power system; Voltage-regulation situation when wherein Figure 14 a is low wind speed, voltage-regulation situation when Figure 14 b is middle wind speed, voltage-regulation situation when Figure 14 c is high wind speed;
Figure 15 be the present invention in actual wind speed situation, electric power system generation active power change time adjustment situation; Wherein Figure 15 a is wind speed situation of change, and Figure 15 b is frequency change situation, and Figure 15 c is that Wind turbines is exerted oneself situation, and Figure 15 d is that energy storage device is exerted oneself situation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the system framework schematic diagram that application wind accumulation of the present invention participates in system frequency voltage-regulation cooperative control method.V in Fig. 1
wind speedfor wind farm wind velocity; D% is the Wind turbines reserve capacity percentage that power system dispatching provides, and reserved frequency modulation spare capacity needs d is generally 5%-10%; Δ f is the power system frequency difference detected; Δ U is the power system voltage difference detected; Δ P, Δ Q are respectively when POWER SYSTEM STATE changes meritorious and idle demand; P
wind.deload, ω
wind.deload, β
wind.deloadbe respectively rotor speed, the propeller pitch angle of Wind turbines sends after off-load spare module active power and correspondence; Q
initialfor corresponding to the Wind turbines reactive power initial value of wind speed at that time.
As shown in Figure 1, wind accumulation participates in power system frequency voltage-regulation cooperative control method and relates generally to three control modules, i.e. FM module, voltage regulating module and Collaborative Control module.FM module comprises Wind turbines power backup module, frequency modulation demand power judging section and frequency modulation power division module; Voltage regulating module comprises pressure regulation demand power judging section and pressure regulation power division module; Collaborative Control module comprises Wind turbines active power, reactive power exports reference value determination module and energy storage device active power, reactive power output reference value determination module.Described FM module and voltage regulating module are respectively used to frequency and the voltage requirements of determining electric power system, judge that wind accumulation carries out active power and the reactive power numerical value of demand when electric power quality regulates, consider wind accumulation capacity limit and the restriction of Wind turbines excitation, according to actual condition, finally determine the active power of Wind turbines and energy storage device and the actual output of reactive power by Collaborative Control module.
Wind accumulation of the present invention participates in power system frequency voltage-regulation cooperative control method and comprises the following steps:
(1) obtain wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs and wind field wind speed information according to from power system dispatching, utilize Wind turbines to exceed the speed limit and control and award setting, make Wind turbines reserve a part of power as frequency modulation non-firm power.When considering that wind speed is different, the active power that Wind turbines rotating speed and Wind turbines can send is different, consider the active power size that Wind turbines can send and the restriction of Wind turbines rotating speed, according to Wind turbines active power fan-out capability and the stand-by requirement of electric power system frequency modulation, wind speed is divided into threshold wind velocity section, low wind speed section, middle wind speed section, high wind speed section 4 part.Wherein, threshold wind velocity section is for incision wind speed is to threshold wind speed, and threshold wind velocity section Wind turbines active power fan-out capability is less, and it is little that rotation speed change exports impact to Wind turbines active power; The wind speed of the low wind speed section upper limit for utilizing hypervelocity to control to provide the stand-by requirement of whole electric power system frequency modulation; When high wind speed section lower limit is for employing MPPT maximum power point tracking, Wind turbines rotating speed reaches wind speed during maximum (top) speed.When wind speed is in threshold wind velocity section, Wind turbines adopts MPPT maximum power point tracking to control; When low wind speed section, the wind energy turbine set frequency modulation non-firm power that power system dispatching requires Wind turbines to reserve all is controlled to provide by the hypervelocity of Wind turbines; In middle wind speed section, frequency modulation non-firm power is preferentially provided by hypervelocity control, and insufficient section utilizes award setting to provide; In high wind speed section, Wind turbines adopts constant speed control, and frequency modulation non-firm power provides by award setting.Hypervelocity controlling curve is as shown in power off-load backup curve in Fig. 2, off-load backup curve is made up of three parts, Part I is MPPT maximum power point tracking part, this section of curve and MPPT maximum power point tracking curve co-insides, now wind speed is in threshold wind velocity section, and rotating speed adopts rotating speed during MPPT maximum power point tracking; Part II is complete off-load spare part, and now wind speed is in low wind speed section, and rotating speed is the rotating speed that Wind turbines is corresponding when utilizing hypervelocity control realization d% Power Systems for subsequent use; Part III is permanent rotating speed part, and wind speed is in middle and high wind speed section, and rotating speed adopts the permanent rotating speed of maximum (top) speed to run.
(2) when low wind speed section, only adopt the control of Wind turbines hypervelocity can ensure frequency modulation non-firm power, need the award setting of Wind turbines to coordinate when middle and high wind speed section, propeller pitch angle is relevant with power coefficient:
In formula, C
1-C
6for definite value, relevant with Wind turbines type, λ is tip speed ratio, and β is propeller pitch angle, λ
1for the parameter being variable with λ and β, meet
In middle high wind speed section, when Wind turbines rotating speed is maximum (top) speed, under the wind speed determined, tip speed ratio is a definite value, meets
in formula, R
wfor Wind turbines radius, ω
maxfor Wind turbines maximum (top) speed, v
wind speedfor the Wind turbines wind speed detected.Now, propeller pitch angle is the function about power coefficient, award setting strategy for subsequent use as shown in Figure 3, wherein, P
oSP.ULfor the power that hypervelocity control rear Wind turbines for subsequent use sends, C
p.Pich.ULfor the power coefficient by needing after change oar.
(3) Figure 4 shows that the flow process obtaining initial speed and initial propeller pitch angle.Detect real-time wind speed, if wind speed is less than threshold wind speed in real time, then determine according to MPPT maximum power point tracking part in Fig. 2 power off-load backup curve the Wind turbines rotating speed corresponding to this real-time wind speed, and using this rotating speed as initial speed; If in real time wind speed is lower than the minimum wind speed entering middle wind speed section, then determine should the Wind turbines rotating speed of wind speed in real time according to off-load spare part complete in Fig. 2 power off-load backup curve, and using this rotating speed as initial speed; If wind speed is middle and high wind speed in real time, then initial speed is Wind turbines maximum (top) speed.After determining initial speed, judge the active power size needing award setting for subsequent use, in high wind speed section, by award setting, determine initial propeller pitch angle, realize active power for subsequent use.
(4) Figure 5 shows that active power needed for electric power system frequency modulation distributes idiographic flow.According to initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle and Wind turbines maximum (top) speed, maximum propeller pitch angle situation, determine under real-time working condition, the adjustable extent of Wind turbines rotating speed and propeller pitch angle, using this Wind turbines rotating speed and propeller pitch angle adjustable extent as input variable, determines frequency modulation power division.In frequency modulation power allocation procedure, if detect that frequency is higher than electric power system rated frequency, now need wind accumulation to reduce active power to export, when frequency modulation power division, if Wind turbines rotating speed does not reach maximum (top) speed, judgement can utilize the active power value increasing Wind turbines rotor speed and reduce, if power system frequency regulates required active power requirements to be greater than this active power value, both differences absorb active power by the output of award setting minimizing active power with energy storage device and realize frequency adjustment.Consider that award setting toggle speed is comparatively slow, between the award setting starting period, control the certain active power of the many absorptions of energy storage device, to coordinate award setting start-up course.When detecting that power system frequency declines, now need wind accumulation multiple go out certain active power participate in power system frequency and regulate, first Wind turbines active power for subsequent use should be discharged, insufficient section is provided by energy storage device, consider that Wind turbines award setting adjustment process is slower, between the award setting starting period, participate in power system frequency by the multiple a part of active power of energy storage device and regulate.
(5) Figure 6 shows that reactive power needed for electric power system pressure regulation distributes idiographic flow.According to wind power generation set system capacity and initial active power size, deducibility goes out the maximum adjustable extent of Wind turbines reactive power.When detecting that power system voltage changes, first judging the maximum reactive power adjustable range of Wind turbines, while guaranteeing that Wind turbines capacity and exciting current are no more than limit value, preferentially utilizing the Reactive-power control ability of Wind turbines to carry out reactive power adjustment.Insufficient section uses energy storage device to carry out cooperation and regulates.
(6) consider that Wind turbines itself can be subject to Wind turbines capacity and exciting current restriction, therefore, can not unlimited adjustment be carried out when voltage or frequency change appear in electric power system.If when detecting that system electrical state changes, should according to electric state, reasonable distribution Wind turbines capacity, to realize optimum regulating effect.According to different operating mode, 16 kinds of electric states can be divided into, as shown in Figure 7a.Give different electric state in Fig. 7 a to divide, wherein, in electric state T1-T4, system frequency fluctuation is comparatively large, and voltage fluctuation is not obvious, now, when regulating, based on regulating system frequency, namely preferentially ensures electric power system active power demand; Electric state T5-T12, system all has certain demand to frequency and voltage, now, ensures active power and the reactive power demand of system in proportion simultaneously; Electric state T13-T16, obviously, frequency fluctuation is little in system voltage fluctuation, now, when regulating, based on regulating system voltage, namely preferentially ensures Power System Reactive Power demand.Consider capacity limit, these 16 kinds of electric states can be divided into 3 kinds of situations, as shown in Figure 7b.In Fig. 7 b, give 3 kinds of electric operating modes, for the 1st kind of electric operating mode, system frequency difference is comparatively large, and preecedence requirement carries out frequency adjustment, and now, the distribution of Wind turbines capacity mainly meets active power demand.For the 3rd kind of operating mode, system voltage difference is comparatively large, and preecedence requirement carries out voltage-regulation, and now, the distribution of Wind turbines capacity mainly meets reactive power demand.In other situations, system all has demand there is no for active reactive too to stress.Now, when meeting capacity requirement when carrying out capacity and distributing, according to system vacancy pro-rata active power and reactive power;
(7) according to 3 kinds of electric operating modes that Fig. 7 b divides, under the electric operating mode of difference, consider Wind turbines capacity and exciting current restriction, the reference value of Wind turbines and energy storage active power and reactive power can be determined.With regard to Wind turbines, for the 1st kind of electric operating mode, system frequency difference is comparatively large, and preecedence requirement carries out frequency adjustment, and now, the distribution of Wind turbines capacity mainly meets active power demand.For the 3rd kind of operating mode, system voltage difference is comparatively large, and preecedence requirement carries out voltage-regulation, and now, the distribution of Wind turbines capacity mainly meets reactive power demand.In other situations, system all has demand for active reactive, and there is no and too stress.Now, when carrying out capacity and distributing, when meeting capacity requirement, the meritorious and reactive power according to the pro-rata of system vacancy, defining method is as shown in Figure 8;
(8) when utilizing energy storage device to carry out electrical characteristic optimization to electric power system, equally also need the capacity limit considering energy storage device, the volumetric power of energy storage device is selected to select identical with the operating mode of Wind turbines, be divided into 3 kinds of mode of operations equally, for the 1st kind of electric operating mode, power system frequency difference is comparatively large, and preecedence requirement carries out frequency adjustment, now, the capacity distribution of energy storage device mainly meets active power demand.For the 3rd kind of operating mode, power system voltage difference is comparatively large, and preecedence requirement carries out voltage-regulation, and now, the capacity distribution of energy storage device mainly meets reactive power demand.In other situations, electric power system all has demand for active power, reactive power, and there is no and too stress.Now, when the capacity carrying out energy storage device distributes, when meeting capacity requirement, according to electric power system vacancy pro-rata active power and reactive power.Capacity of energy storing device restriction protection module as shown in Figure 9;
(9) Wind turbines active power, reactive power reference qref are converted to rotating speed, propeller pitch angle, exciting current and net side transformer current reference value and input to Wind turbines, make Wind turbines send active power and the reactive power of needs;
(10) energy storage device active power, reactive power reference qref are inputed to energy storage device, make energy storage device send active power and the reactive power of needs;
Utilize RTDS to build the electric power system model shown in Figure 10 and carry out digital-to-analogue emulation.Adopt US West three machine nine node topology structure to verify control method of the present invention, Wind turbines and energy storage device are installed in bus 8 place, as shown in Figure 10.Wherein, three machine power system capacities are: G1:247.5MVA; G2:192MVA; G3:128MVA.The capacity of separate unit Wind turbines and energy storage is 2.2MVA, and Wind turbines number of units is 70, and energy storage number of units is 30, and the simulated effect under system model different situations is as shown in Figure 11-Figure 15.
Claims (9)
1. wind accumulation participates in a cooperative control method for electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, and it is characterized in that, this cooperative control method step is as follows:
(1) gather power system frequency, information of voltage and wind farm wind velocity information, simultaneously according to power system dispatching instruction, form wind energy turbine set frequency modulation, pressure regulation spare capacity needs;
(2) according to wind speed and wind energy turbine set frequency modulation, pressure regulation spare capacity needs, the hypervelocity of Wind turbines is utilized to control and award setting, determine that initial active power, the reactive power of each typhoon group of motors are exerted oneself, initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle, and the state-of-charge of energy storage device;
(3) according to the real-time frequency departure of electric power system and rate of change information thereof, the frequency modulation demand that electric power system is current is determined; The voltage deviation real-time according to electric power system and rate of change information thereof, determine the pressure regulation demand that electric power system is current;
(4) to exert oneself situation according to Wind turbines, determine the active power that Wind turbines and energy storage device need to send and reactive power size;
(5) in conjunction with Wind turbines capacity, exciting current restriction and the real-time electric state of system, determine that Wind turbines active power and reactive power are exerted oneself reference value;
(6) in conjunction with stored energy capacitance restriction and the real-time electric state of electric power system, determine that the active power of energy storage device and reactive power are exerted oneself reference value;
(7) Wind turbines active power of output and reactive power reference qref are converted to the parameters input such as Wind turbines rotating speed, propeller pitch angle, exciting current to Wind turbines, make Wind turbines complete adjustment to power system frequency and voltage;
(8) reference value of the active power of energy storage device and reactive power being exerted oneself inputs to energy storage device, makes energy storage device complete adjustment to power system frequency and voltage;
(9), after completing the adjustment to power system frequency and voltage, Wind turbines and energy storage device frequency modulation and voltage modulation reserve capacity is recovered according to step (1) and step (2).
2. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), power system dispatching instruction refers to that power system dispatching root reserves the active power of d% as frequency modulation spare capacity needs according to electric power system frequency modulation demand and each typhoon group of motors of the determined wind energy turbine set of wind speed information, and d is 5%-10%; This frequency modulation spare capacity needs is exceeded the speed limit by Wind turbines and controls to provide with award setting.
3. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, the determination of the initial speed of described step (2) each typhoon group of motors is relevant with wind speed, according to Wind turbines active power fan-out capability and the stand-by requirement of electric power system frequency modulation, wind speed is divided into threshold wind velocity section, low wind speed section, middle wind speed section and high wind speed section 4 part; Wherein, threshold wind velocity section is for incision wind speed is to threshold wind speed, and threshold wind velocity section Wind turbines active power fan-out capability is less, and it is little that rotation speed change exports impact to Wind turbines active power; The wind speed of the low wind speed section upper limit for utilizing hypervelocity to control to provide the stand-by requirement of whole electric power system frequency modulation; When high wind speed section lower limit is for employing MPPT maximum power point tracking, Wind turbines rotating speed reaches wind speed during maximum (top) speed; Corresponding different wind speed, the initial speed of Wind turbines is different, and initial speed ω and wind speed relation meet:
In formula, R
wfor Wind turbines radius, λ is the tip speed ratio that Wind turbines obtains when controlling according to MPPT maximum power point tracking, λ ' for Wind turbines according to the active power of reserved d% as the tip speed ratio obtained during frequency modulation spare capacity needs, v
wind speedfor the Wind turbines wind speed detected, v
threshold wind speedfor the maximum wind velocity of threshold wind velocity section, v
mid.infor the minimum windspeed of middle wind speed section.
4. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, described step (2) is according to wind speed and wind energy turbine set frequency modulation, pressure regulation spare capacity needs, the hypervelocity of Wind turbines is utilized to control and award setting, determine that initial active power, the reactive power of each typhoon group of motors are exerted oneself, initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle, and the state-of-charge of energy storage device; Wherein the frequency modulation spare capacity needs of wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself with the initial active power of each typhoon group of motors, initial speed, initial propeller pitch angle and energy storage device state-of-charge be relevant, and the pressure regulation spare capacity needs of wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself relevant with the initial reactive power of each typhoon group of motors;
Wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs is controlled jointly to provide with award setting by the hypervelocity of each typhoon group of motors, after determining the wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs that hypervelocity controls and award setting is born respectively, can obtain corresponding to the initial speed of Wind turbines of this wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs and initial propeller pitch angle, and send initial active power by the initial speed of Wind turbines and initial award setting Wind turbines; When wind speed is in threshold wind velocity section, Wind turbines adopts MPPT maximum power point tracking to control, and ignores wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs; When low wind speed section, the wind energy turbine set frequency modulation non-firm power that power system dispatching requires Wind turbines to reserve all is controlled to provide by the hypervelocity of Wind turbines; In middle wind speed section, frequency modulation non-firm power is preferentially controlled to provide by the hypervelocity of Wind turbines, and insufficient section utilizes the award setting of Wind turbines to provide; In high wind speed section, Wind turbines adopts constant speed control, and frequency modulation non-firm power provides by the award setting of Wind turbines;
Wind energy turbine set pressure regulation spare capacity needs is relevant with each typhoon group of motors adjustable reactive power nargin, and each typhoon group of motors adjustable reactive power nargin is exerted oneself by each typhoon group of motors active power and jointly to be determined with each typhoon group of motors apparent power, meets:
In formula, Q
maxfor the adjustable reactive power nargin of each typhoon group of motors, S is each typhoon group of motors apparent power, and P is that each typhoon group of motors active power is exerted oneself;
After exerting oneself according to the initial active power of wind energy turbine set frequency modulation spare capacity needs determination wind energy turbine set, the initial reactive power of wind energy turbine set that can obtain exerting oneself corresponding to this active power is exerted oneself; Energy storage device state-of-charge is relevant with wind speed, when wind speed is in threshold wind velocity section and low wind speed section, energy storage device state-of-charge should be made to be in higher level, when wind speed is in middle wind speed section and high wind speed section, suitably reduces energy storage device state-of-charge level.
5. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, determine in described step (3) that the mode of electric power system frequency modulation demand is: when determining electric power system frequency modulation demand, according to power system frequency deviation and rate of change thereof, controlled by inertia and droop control method realization:
In formula, Δ P is the active power that electric power system frequency modulation needs, and Δ f is the difference of electric power system real-time frequency and rated frequency, K
pffor frequency modulation droop control coefficient, K
dffor frequency modulation inertial control system;
Determine that the mode of electric power system pressure regulation demand is for foundation power system voltage deviation, is realized by droop control method:
ΔQ＝KΔU
In formula, Δ Q is the reactive power that electric power system pressure regulation needs, and Δ U is the difference of electric power system real-time voltage and rated voltage, and K is pressure regulation droop control coefficient.
6. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, Wind turbines and energy storage device need the active power that sends and reactive power to be determined by the real-time status of Wind turbines and system power demand in described step (4); The active power that Wind turbines needs to send, reactive power are added by the initial active power of Wind turbines, reactive power and the active power requiring Wind turbines to issue additional according to electric power system active power, reactive power demand and Wind turbines real-time status, reactive power and are formed; Active power, reactive power that the active power that energy storage device needs to send, reactive power are issued additional by electric power system active power, reactive power demand and Wind turbines are subtracted each other and are obtained.
7. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, in described step (5) and step (6), the real-time electric state of electric power system is according to detecting the power system frequency deviation that obtains in real time and voltage deviation divides;
The frequency departure of electric power system is divided into F1-F4 tetra-kinds of situations, is respectively:
F1:f≥50.5Hz，F2:50Hz≤f＜50.5Hz，F3:48.5Hz≤f＜50Hz，F4:f＜48.5Hz
In formula, variable f refers to the electric power system real-time frequency detected;
The voltage deviation of electric power system is divided into U1-U4 tetra-kinds of situations, is respectively:
U1:U≥1.3U
ref，U2:1.0U
ref≤U＜1.3U
ref,U3:0.8U
ref≤U＜1.0U
ref,U4:U＜0.8U
ref
In formula, variable U
refrefer to electric power system rated voltage, U refers to the electric power system real-time voltage detected;
According to frequency departure and the voltage deviation of described electric power system, the real-time electric state of electric power system is divided into following 16 kinds:
F4∩U3＝T1 F3∩U3＝T5 F4∩U4＝T9 F3∩U1＝T13
F4∩U2＝T2 F3∩U2＝T6 F4∩U1＝T10 F3∩U4＝T14
F1∩U3＝T3 F2∩U3＝T7 F1∩U4＝T11 F2∩U1＝T15
F1∩U2＝T4 F2∩U2＝T8 F1∩U1＝T12 F2∩U4＝T16
To the real-time electric state of above-mentioned various electric power system, determined Wind turbines active power and method for controlling reactive power as follows:
For electric state T1-T4, wind accumulation is preferentially utilized to carry out electric power system active power regulation; For electric state T5-T12, meeting in wind accumulation capacity limit situation, according to the demand of electric power system to active power and reactive power, completing electric power system active power in proportion and reactive power regulates; For electric state T13-T16, wind accumulation is preferentially utilized to carry out Power System Reactive Power adjustment.
8. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, in described step (7), active power and reactive power reference qref are converted to the information conveyance such as propeller pitch angle, rotating speed, exciting current to Wind turbines, utilize the control such as Wind turbines self and net side converter, make Wind turbines send active power and the reactive power of needs.
9. wind accumulation according to claim 1 participates in the cooperative control method of electric power system frequency modulation and voltage modulation, it is characterized in that, for the distribution of wind accumulation active power, preferentially utilize the active reserve capacity of Wind turbines self, when the active reserve capacity of Wind turbines self is not enough, recycling energy storage device makes up the deficiency that active power is exerted oneself; For the distribution of wind accumulation reactive power, preferentially utilize the reactive power reserve of Wind turbines self, when the reactive power reserve of Wind turbines self is not enough, recycling energy storage device makes up the deficiency that reactive power is exerted oneself.
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