CN104298296A - Fuel cell maximum power tracking control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell maximum power tracking control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104298296A CN104298296A CN201410493976.7A CN201410493976A CN104298296A CN 104298296 A CN104298296 A CN 104298296A CN 201410493976 A CN201410493976 A CN 201410493976A CN 104298296 A CN104298296 A CN 104298296A
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- fuel cell
- maximum power
- internal resistance
- ohmic polarization
- polarization district
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell maximum power tracking control method. An output current value and an output voltage value of a fuel cell are monitored in real time through a sensor; through measurement conducted at three measuring points, equivalent internal resistance of the fuel cell is compared, whether the fuel cell works in an ohmic polarization region or not is determined, and meanwhile a current I<ref> corresponding to a maximum power point can be acquired. A power correction control method is added to an algorithm, the maximum power of the fuel cell can be quickly tracked in real time, and the fuel cell can stably work at the maximum power point. The fuel cell maximum power tracking control method solves the problem existing in maximum power tracking of the fuel cell in different working states, the tracking speed of the maximum power of the fuel cell is increased, and the disturbance problem of the fuel cell in the working process is solved. Compared with the prior art, the maximum power tracking algorithm has the advantages of being simple, quick, accurate and high in environmental adaptability, the efficacy of a fuel cell power generation system can be fully exerted, and good practical value is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy conversion efficiency control technology, particularly a kind of fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method.
Background technology
Fuel cell is high because having energy conversion efficiency, and many advantages such as environmental friendliness, noiselessness are considered to 21 century the most promising " green energy resource ", are subject to the great attention of national governments in the last few years, is classified as first of the large science and technology of Future Ten.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is high because having burning efficiency, and energy density is large, and the advantages such as complete zero-emission have huge market potential to become the fastest fuel cell of development in recent years in space flight, navigation and electric motor car.
Although the output voltage of fuel cell is subject to the impact of many intermediate parameters, fuel cell U-I curve only exists a bit can make fuel cell produce peak power and the fuel cell equivalent internal resistance point equal with circuit external resistance (
u ref,
i ref).In order to improve the serviceable life of fuel cell, lengthen working hours, it is very necessary that control fuel cell makes it be operated in its maximum power point place.The focus becoming research gradually of the MPPT maximum power point tracking technology of new forms of energy in recent years, particularly in the Study and appliance of photovoltaic generating system and wind generator system, propose many MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) method, as short-circuit current method, open-circuit voltage method, disturbance observation, conductance increment method and artificial intelligence method etc.But each control method all has weak point.
Because the maximum power point of fuel cell is present in the ohmic polarization district of fuel cell under corresponding condition all the time.Therefore, the basis of the electric characteristic of fuel cell proposes a kind of novel maximum power tracking and controlling method being applicable to fuel cell.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to fuel cell and how to obtain peak power problem, propose a kind of fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method, realize the quick tracking to fuel cell maximum power point, reduce maximum power point output disturbance, under the condition of Maximum Power Output, realize the steady operation of fuel cell as far as possible.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method, specifically comprises the steps:
1) by output current and the output voltage values of sensor Real-Time Monitoring fuel cell;
2) at measurement point
i 1basis on wait increment △ successively
iaddition obtains
i 2,
i 3, namely
i 2=
i 1+ △
i, I 3=
i 2+ △
i, choose
i 1,
i 2,
i 3measure, obtain measurement data (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 2,
i 2), (
u 3,
i 3), data are substituted into the equivalent internal resistance computing formula of fuel cell, the equivalent internal resistance calculated is compared, to determine whether fuel cell is operated in ohmic polarization district;
3) if operation of fuel cells is in ohmic polarization district, utilize test data to calculate the output current reference value at fuel cell maximum power point place, control transducer and make it be operated in this reference current point, simultaneously, calculate the difference of the power of measurement point in real time, if power offset value △
pwhen being less than deviation set value of the power, keep the current reference value of the transducer exported constant;
4) as fuel cell is not operated in ohmic polarization district, then again choose measurement point and return step 2) calculate.
Described step 2) in the equivalent internal resistance computing formula of fuel cell be:
；
Described equivalent internal resistance contrasts, and correlative value gained difference is approximately 3 test points selected by null representation and is all operated in ohmic polarization district.
In described step 3), the output current reference value at fuel cell maximum power point place is:
，
Wherein
e r for ideally ohmic polarization district open-circuit voltage,
r eq for the equivalent internal resistance of operation of fuel cells fuel cell when ohmic polarization district.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method of the present invention, solve the maximal power tracing problem of fuel cell under different operating state, improve the speed that fuel cell maximum power is followed the tracks of, and battery disturbance rejection problem in the course of the work.Compared with prior art, the advantage that maximal power tracing algorithm of the present invention has simply, quick, accurate, adaptive capacity to environment is strong, can give full play to the usefulness of fuel cell generation, have good practical value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fuel cell energy management system structural drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is fuel cell output power curve map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the current curve diagram of fuel cell output terminal of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is fuel cell output end voltage curve map of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the current curve diagram of load end of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the voltage curve of load end of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that the present invention works as fuel cell output power curve map when fuel flow rate changes.
Embodiment
Fuel cell maximum power tracking specifically comprises step:
Due to the nonlinearity of fuel cell, therefore when changing the reference current value of the current type converter be connected with fuel cell, the output voltage of fuel cell is also changed.If the input current (that is, fuel cell output current) controlling transducer is
i 1 , corresponding fuel cell output voltage can be detected
u 1; When the input current of transducer is
i 2time, the output voltage of fuel cell can be detected
u 2.From the equivalent-circuit model of fuel cell, when the output current of fuel cell
i 1 ,
i 2when being all positioned at the ohmic polarization district of fuel cell, following expression can be obtained by the equivalent electrical circuit expression formula of fuel cell:
(1)
(2)
In formula,
r infor the equivalent internal resistance of fuel cell;
e r for ideally ohmic polarization district open-circuit voltage.The equivalent internal resistance that can calculate fuel cell by formula (1), (2) and ideally ohmic polarization district open-circuit voltage:
(3)
(4)
Therefore, according to the theoretical output current reference value that can obtain fuel cell maximum power point place of maximum power transfer be:
(5)
Wherein
r eq for the equivalent internal resistance of operation of fuel cells fuel cell when ohmic polarization district.
At measurement point
i 1basis on wait increment △ successively
iaddition obtains
i 2,
i 3namely
i 2=
i 1+ △
i, I 3=
i 2+ △
i.Choose
i 2,
i 3measure, obtain measurement data (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 2,
i 2), (
u 3,
i 3).Therefore, can by (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 2,
i 2) and (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 3,
i 3) substitute into respectively in formula (3), obtain respectively
r in,
r in1then, calculated by formula (6)
r in1with
r indifference
:
(6)
Due to, in the ohmic polarization district of fuel cell, the volt-ampere characteristic of fuel cell is linearly changed.Therefore, if △
rvalue be approximately zero and show that three selected points are all positioned at ohmic polarization district; If △
rvalue then illustrate that three selected points are not positioned at ohmic polarization district entirely comparatively greatly.If selected three points are all positioned at ohmic polarization district, choose measurement data (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 2,
i 2), the output current reference value at fuel cell maximum power point place is calculated according to formula (5).Otherwise, need again to choose measurement point and calculate.Therefore, can guarantee that fuel cell always works in the maximum power point place in ohmic polarization district.
In order to reduce the disturbing influence because the change of measurement point brings, the difference of the power at real-time computation and measurement point place, as the power difference △ of twice adjacent power measurement values
pwhen being less than setting value, keeping the current reference value of the transducer exported constant, otherwise export the current reference value of new transducer.
Given electric current is operated in by controlling transducer
i 1,
i 2with
i 3point, detects corresponding fuel cell output voltage
u 1,
u 2with
u 3; According to the internal resistance of formula (3) and (4) computing fuel battery
r in1with
r invalue and ohmic polarization district open-circuit voltage.Then the deviate of internal resistance is calculated according to formula (6), if △
rmeet the requirements, through type (5) can calculate at 2 and determine that operation of fuel cells is in the working current of ohm linear zone MPP
i ref, then control transducer and make it be operated in this reference current point, now operation of fuel cells is at maximum power point place; When circuit working exists
i refafter, again detect current resistance difference △
rif, △
rnot eligible, return and redefine initial current value
i 1, to guarantee that operation of fuel cells is in ohmic polarization district.At calculating △
rwhile, calculate (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 2,
i 2) the power difference △ of two measurement point
p.The reference current when the current type converter calculated is only had to meet
and
time calculate export this reference current value.
The method only just need can calculate by measuring three somes the internal resistance of fuel cell working in ohm linear zone
r eq with desirable ohmic polarization district open-circuit voltage
e r , thus the electric current that maximum power point is corresponding can be drawn
i ref, the method simultaneously aiding in capability correction just can realize the tracking real-time of power, and stable fuel cell operation finally can be made at maximum power point (mpp) place.
In order to verify the validity of proposed method, fuel cell energy system is as shown in Figure 1 adopted to carry out emulation experiment.In the fuel cell energy management system shown in Fig. 1, use only the control of Boost variator realization to fuel cell output current of a current-control type, boosting powering load is carried out to the output voltage of fuel cell simultaneously.Fuel cell module adopts the fuel cell of peak power output 2000W, and this battery maximum open circuit voltage is 42V.As fuel cell Maximum Power Output 2000W, its operating voltage is 100V, and working current is 20A.
Fuel cell energy system is emulated and
tthe load of transducer load end is made to change during=1.5s.The fuel cell output power simulation result of Fig. 1 for obtaining under proposed algorithm.As shown in Figure 2, the power stage that fuel cell can be operated in maximum power state and fuel cell does not in the short period of time fluctuate because of the change of load, has good stability.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 distinguishes electric current and the change in voltage of fuel cell output terminal in corresponding simulation process.As seen from the figure, the voltage of fuel cell output terminal and electric current can enter steady state (SS) in the short period of time and not change with the change of load.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 corresponds respectively to the electric current and voltage change of load end in simulation process.Due to emulation based on fuel cell energy system in the Current Control code converter that adopts only can ensure that therefore the current work of the input end of transducer does not exist accumulator homenergic memory storage at reference current place in system, can not charge-discharge electric power be provided fast to stabilize output pulsation.Therefore, to enter time of stable state longer and easily follow the change of load and change for the voltage of load end, electric current.Control of Voltage code converter and accumulator plant can be introduced with the voltage constant of proof load end at load end in existing fuel cell energy system.
In order to the validity of verification algorithm under different fuel cells and when external environment changes.Be that the fuel cell of 2000W is changed to the fuel cell that peak power is 8000W by peak power output.Fig. 7 is the fuel cell output power simulation result when peak power output is the fuel flow rate increasing fuel cell under the fuel cell of 8000W.As shown in Figure 7, the output power of fuel cell can increase along with the increase of fuel flow rate.
Known from experimental result: at extraneous environment facies to stable, the maximal power tracing of maximal power tracing method to fuel cell generation of proposition has good stability; When under external environment condition catastrophe, the method can accurately fast track fuel cell is new along with working environment change maximum power point, and stable is operated in maximum power point place.
Claims (3)
1. a fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
1) by output current and the output voltage values of sensor Real-Time Monitoring fuel cell;
2) at measurement point
i 1basis on wait increment △ successively
iaddition obtains
i 2,
i 3, namely
i 2=
i 1+ △
i, I 3=
i 2+ △
i, choose
i 1,
i 2,
i 3measure, obtain measurement data (
u 1,
i 1), (
u 2,
i 2), (
u 3,
i 3), data are substituted into the equivalent internal resistance computing formula of fuel cell, the equivalent internal resistance calculated is compared, to determine whether fuel cell is operated in ohmic polarization district;
3) if operation of fuel cells is in ohmic polarization district, utilize test data to calculate the output current reference value at fuel cell maximum power point place, control transducer and make it be operated in this reference current point, simultaneously, calculate the difference of the power of measurement point in real time, if power offset value △
pwhen being less than deviation set value of the power, keep the current reference value of the transducer exported constant;
4) as fuel cell is not operated in ohmic polarization district, then again choose measurement point and return step 2) calculate.
2. fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in the equivalent internal resistance computing formula of fuel cell be:
；
Described equivalent internal resistance contrasts, and correlative value gained difference is approximately 3 test points selected by null representation and is all operated in ohmic polarization district.
3. fuel cell maximum power tracking and controlling method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3), the output current reference value at fuel cell maximum power point place is:
，
Wherein
e r for ideally ohmic polarization district open-circuit voltage,
r eq for the equivalent internal resistance of operation of fuel cells fuel cell when ohmic polarization district.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105253139A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-20 | 上海电力学院 | Control method of fuel battery and storage battery hybrid power driving system |
| CN110008435A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-12 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of fuel cell optimal power point calculating method |
| CN110601344A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-20 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Fuel cell energy management system for base station standby power supply |
| CN110774942A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-11 | 上海电力大学 | Fuel cell output power control method in hybrid power driving system |
| CN113517458A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-10-19 | 上海申风投资管理有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell analog power control method based on disturbance and MPPT algorithm |
| CN115328263A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-11 | 南京理工大学 | MPPT method of fuel cell based on double-sliding-mode-surface adaptive equivalent sliding mode control |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105253139A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-20 | 上海电力学院 | Control method of fuel battery and storage battery hybrid power driving system |
| CN110008435A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-12 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of fuel cell optimal power point calculating method |
| CN110008435B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2023-03-31 | 中国计量大学 | Method for calculating optimal power point of fuel cell |
| CN110601344A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-20 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Fuel cell energy management system for base station standby power supply |
| CN110601344B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-11-09 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Fuel cell energy management system for base station standby power supply |
| CN110774942A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-11 | 上海电力大学 | Fuel cell output power control method in hybrid power driving system |
| CN113517458A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-10-19 | 上海申风投资管理有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell analog power control method based on disturbance and MPPT algorithm |
| CN115328263A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-11 | 南京理工大学 | MPPT method of fuel cell based on double-sliding-mode-surface adaptive equivalent sliding mode control |
| CN115328263B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2024-05-03 | 南京理工大学 | MPPT method of fuel cell based on double-sliding-mode-surface self-adaptive equivalent sliding mode control |
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