CN104158220A - Method for controlling virtual reactance of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents

Method for controlling virtual reactance of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDF

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CN104158220A
CN104158220A CN201410431801.3A CN201410431801A CN104158220A CN 104158220 A CN104158220 A CN 104158220A CN 201410431801 A CN201410431801 A CN 201410431801A CN 104158220 A CN104158220 A CN 104158220A
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virtual
pwm
transfer function
equivalent
combining inverter
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CN104158220B (en
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王卫
刘桂花
刘鸿鹏
曹小娇
王盼宝
吴辉
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Harbin Institute of Technology
Delta Electronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling the virtual reactance of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control. The problem that an existing photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is poor in stability is solved. The method includes the following steps: obtaining the virtual inductance value, the equivalent internal resistance of the virtual inductance value and the virtual capacitance according to the actual power grid resistance, the inverter output impedance and the inverter output impedance stability criterion; obtaining the equivalent feedforward passage transfer function of a virtual inductor in cooperation with full-bridge gains according to the virtual inductance value and the equivalent internal resistance of the virtual inductance value; obtaining the equivalent feedforward passage transfer function of a virtual capacitor in cooperation with the full-bridge gains, the actual filter capacitance, the filter inductor, the parasitic resistance of the filter inductor, the electric current loop transfer function and the feedback filter loop transfer function according to the virtual capacitance of the virtual capacitor; conducting discretization on the equivalent feedforward passage transfer functions of the virtual inductor and the virtual capacitor to obtain a difference equation; overlaying the difference equation and the electric current loop output value. The method is suitable for controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.

Description

The virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic combining inverter control technology field.
Background technology
The electrical network of the electrical network ends such as remote districts, island is generally relatively little load design, its supply of electric power mostly is mesolow grade, longer for meeting the most of transmission line of loading demand of dispersion user, line reactance is larger, thereby electrical network presents high-impedance behavior, this electrical network is commonly called light current net (weak grid).For normal electrical network photovoltaic combining inverter reasonable in design, the bad stability of system in the time that electric network impedance becomes large, grid-connected current harmonic wave increases.Therefore, in the time being designed for the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of electrical network end or remote districts, not only to consider the operating state of normal electrical network, need to consider that electric network impedance increases the stability of system while being light current net simultaneously.
Concerning current source type photovoltiac parallel inverter, wish that the output impedance of inverter is the bigger the better.Can find the impact of inverter output impedance by analyzing LC type single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter output impedance characteristic and different parameters: increase filter inductance increase and can make output impedance increase at high band, be conducive to improve the stability of a system; Tend to cause system bulk increase, cost rising but increase filter inductance, further studying and finding to reduce inverter output filter capacitor is also one of effective measures of raising inverter output impedance and then the enhancing stability of a system; Tend to cause inverter output ripple to become large but reduce electric capacity, and network electric energy quality reduction, and then system is produced to harmful effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to solve the problem of existing photovoltaic combining inverter poor stability, has proposed the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter.
The virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter comprises the following steps:
Step 1, according to actual electric network impedance Z g, photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria and phase-frequency characteristic obtain virtual inductor amount L v, virtual inductor amount equivalent internal resistance r vwith simulated capacitance amount C v;
Step 2, according to virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r with virtual inductor amount v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function G of acquisition virtual inductor lV(s);
Step 3, according to the capacitance C of simulated capacitance v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, actual filter capacitor C ac, filter inductance L acand dead resistance r ac, electric current loop transfer function G iand feedback filtering ring transfer function G (s) a(s) the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of acquisition simulated capacitance G CV ( s ) = ( C ac - C v s ) ( r ac + L ac s + K PWM G i G a ) K PWM ;
Step 4, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of virtual inductor and simulated capacitance is carried out to discretization, obtains difference equation:
y ( n ) = r V T s + L V K PWM T s i L ( n ) - L V K PWM T s i L ( n - 1 ) ,
z(n)＝K 1v O(n)+K 2v O(n-1)-K 3v O(n-2)，
Wherein, T sfor the sampling period, K 1, K 2, K 3be coefficient;
Step 5, the output variable x (n) of y (n), z (n) and electric current loop is superposeed.
Beneficial effect: the control method that the present invention proposes is by adding virtual reactance control method, instead of the method that increases filter inductance actual capacity improves the output impedance of current mode photovoltaic combining inverter, connect with original filter inductance by increase a simulated capacitance in control loop simultaneously, the equivalent filter electric capacity of inverter will reduce, the output impedance of inverter is increased, and then reach the enhancing stability of a system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the equivalent structure figure that adds the photovoltaic combining inverter after virtual inductor, V dcfor DC bus-bar voltage, S 1, S 2, S 3and S 4be full bridge power switching tube;
Fig. 2 is the system linear model adding after virtual inductor;
Fig. 3 is the equivalent structure figure that adds the photovoltaic combining inverter after simulated capacitance;
Fig. 4 is the system linear model adding after simulated capacitance;
Fig. 5 is the equivalent structure figure that adds the photovoltaic combining inverter after virtual reactance;
Fig. 6 is the system linear model adding after virtual reactance;
Fig. 7 is the linear model of virtual inductor feedforward path;
Fig. 8 is for adding virtual reactance front and back inverter output impedance comparison diagram, and adding the inverter output impedance before virtual reactance is Z o1curve, adding the inverter output impedance after virtual reactance is Z o2curve, Z gcurve is actual electric network impedance;
Fig. 9 is for adding virtual reactance control method front and back system open-loop transfer function pole distribution figure;
Figure 10 is for adding the front system Nai Shi curve chart of virtual reactance;
Figure 11 is for adding system Nai Shi curve chart after virtual reactance.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 6, this embodiment is described, the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step 1, according to actual electric network impedance Z g, photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria and phase-frequency characteristic obtain virtual inductor amount L v, virtual inductor amount equivalent internal resistance r vwith simulated capacitance amount C v;
Step 2, according to virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r with virtual inductor amount v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function G of acquisition virtual inductor lV(s);
Step 3, according to the capacitance C of simulated capacitance v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, actual filter capacitor C ac, filter inductance L acand dead resistance r ac, electric current loop transfer function G iand feedback filtering ring transfer function G (s) a(s) the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of acquisition simulated capacitance G CV ( s ) = ( C ac - C v s ) ( r ac + L ac s + K PWM G i G a ) K PWM ;
Step 4, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of virtual inductor and simulated capacitance is carried out to discretization, obtains difference equation:
y ( n ) = r V T s + L V K PWM T s i L ( n ) - L V K PWM T s i L ( n - 1 ) ,
z(n)＝K 1v O(n)+K 2v O(n-1)-K 3v O(n-2)，
Wherein, T sfor the sampling period, K 1, K 2, K 3be coefficient;
Step 5, the output variable x (n) of y (n), z (n) and electric current loop is superposeed.
The present invention, taking LC type single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as example, Figure 1 shows that the combining inverter equivalent structure figure adding after virtual inductor, the inductance L in figure in dotted line frame vbe the filter inductance composition newly increasing, this inductance and original filter inductance L acseries connection, the general principle increasing according to inductance series inductance value, increases inductance L vthe filter inductance total amount of rear inverter becomes L ac'=L ac+ L v; In order not increase the volume and weight of original photovoltaic combining inverter, inductance L vit is not an actual inductance, but in control system, increase a through path, add system linear model after virtual inductor as shown in Figure 2, in Fig. 2, dotted line frame part is the controlling unit newly increasing, this part can be regarded a proportion differential link as, from the angle of controlling, be equal to filter inductance from L after increasing this through path acincrease to L ac+ L v;
Reducing inverter output capacitance is also to improve one of effective measures of the stability of a system in light current net situation, but reducing electric capacity tends to cause system output ripple to become large, and network electric energy quality reduces, can produce harmful effect to system in actual applications, for this reason, the present invention connects with original filter inductance by increase a simulated capacitance in control loop, the equivalent filter electric capacity of inverter will reduce, the output impedance of inverter is increased, and then reaching the object that strengthens the stability of a system, in this system, equivalent filter capacitor becomes C ac ′ = C ac · C V C ac + C V ;
Above-mentioned virtual inductor and simulated capacitance control method are merged and be virtual reactance control method proposed by the invention, can find out as shown in Figure 6, the method that the present invention proposes is equivalent on original system current loop control basis, two control loops are added, obtain exporting control signal y (n) and z (n), and the output signal x of this control signal and electric current loop (n) is superposeed, finally export synthetic control signal through SPWM modulation rear drive power switch pipe, realize the closed-loop control to system.
The difference of the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in embodiment two, this embodiment and embodiment one is, the actual electric network impedance Z described in step 1 gto obtain by testing impedance equipment or electric network impedance online test method.
The difference of the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in embodiment three, this embodiment and embodiment two is, the photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z described in step 1 o(s) expression formula is:
Z o ( s ) = - v o i o | i L * = 0 = L ac QS 4 + ( L ac ω C + r ac Q ) S 3 + ( L ac Q ω C 2 + r ac ω C ) S 2 + ( r ac Q ω C 2 + K p K PWM Q ω C 2 ) S + K I K PWM Q ω C 2 L ac C ac QS 5 + ( L ac C ac ω C + r ac C ac Q ) S 4 + ( L ac C ac Q ω C 2 + r ac C ac ω C + Q ) S 3 + ( r ac C ac Q ω C 2 + K P K PWM Qω C 2 C ac + ω C ) S 2 + ( K I K PWM Qω C 2 C ac + Q ω C 2 ) S ,
Wherein, ω cfor the cut-off angular frequency of second-order low-pass filter, Q is quality factor, C acfor actual filter capacitor, L acfor actual filter inductance, r acfor L acdead resistance, K pWMfor full-bridge gain, v ofor photovoltaic combining inverter output voltage, i ofor photovoltaic grid connection inverter output current, for inductive current set-point, K pfor electric current loop proportionality coefficient, K ifor electric current changes integral coefficient.
The difference of the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in embodiment four, this embodiment and embodiment three is, the expression formula of the photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria described in step 1 is:
Wherein, GM is gain margin, and PM is Phase margin, when actual electric network impedance Z gwhen constant, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance meets | Z g|+GM<|Z o|, its phase-frequency characteristic does not need to meet-180 °+PM< ∠ Z g-∠ Z o<180 °-PM can ensure that network system is stable; When the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance does not meet | Z g|+GM<|Z o|, its phase-frequency characteristic must meet-180 °+PM< ∠ Z g-∠ Z o<180 °-PM, to ensure system stability.
The difference of the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in embodiment five, this embodiment and embodiment four is, described in step 1 according to actual electric network impedance Z g, photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria and phase-frequency characteristic obtain virtual inductor amount L v, virtual inductor amount equivalent internal resistance r vwith simulated capacitance amount C vprocess be: ensure actual electric network impedance Z gconstant, according to gain margin GM, Phase margin PM and photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) expression formula obtains virtual inductor amount L vwith simulated capacitance amount C v, virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r vto obtain according to the equivalent internal resistance equal proportion of actual inductance.
Embodiment six, in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 7, this embodiment is described, this embodiment is with the difference of the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in embodiment five, described in step 2 according to virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r with virtual inductor amount v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function G of acquisition virtual inductor lV(s) process is:
Step 2 one, will feed back output current information i lequivalent feedforward path transfer function G with virtual inductor lV(s), after multiplying each other, superpose with electric current loop output, to determine the position of equivalent feedforward path in whole control loop, and by the linear model of this position acquisition virtual inductor feedforward path;
Step 2 two, definite final control target increasing after feedforward path, equivalent target transfer function is 1 ( r ac + r V ) + ( L ac + L V ) s ;
Step 2 three, according to the structure chart simplifying method of Automatic Control Theory, the linear model of virtual inductor feedforward path is carried out to abbreviation, obtain transfer function this transfer function equates with equivalent target transfer function, thus the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of acquisition virtual inductor
Simulated capacitance equivalence feedforward path transfer function G cV(s) procurement process and G lV(s) procurement process principle is similar.
The difference of the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter described in embodiment seven, this embodiment and embodiment six is, described in step 4 K 1 = 1 K PWM T s &CenterDot; ( C ac r ac T s + L ac C ac + C ac K PWM G i G a T s - C V r ac + L ac C V T s + C V K PWM G i G a ) , K 2 = 1 K PWM T s &CenterDot; ( C V r ac + L ac C V T s + C V K PWM G i G a - L ac C ac ) , K 3 = 1 K PWM T s 2 &CenterDot; L ac C V .
Be illustrated in figure 8 and add virtual reactance front and back inverter output impedance comparison diagram, as can be seen from the figure after adding virtual reactance, inverter output impedance amplitude-frequency characteristic improves, and can ensure that in medium and low frequency section inverter output impedance amplitude-versus-frequency curve meets impedance stability criterion; Figure 9 shows that and add open-loop transfer function pole distribution figure before and after virtual reactance control method, increase the limit of system open-loop transfer function after virtual reactance further from the imaginary axis, the stability of a system improves; Figure 10 shows that and add the front system Nai Shi curve chart of virtual reactance, system open loop passes letter Nai Shi curve and surrounds (1, j0) point, and open loop passes letter and do not have RHP limit, and now system does not meet Nai Shi stability criterion, therefore system is unstable; Figure 11 shows that and add system Nai Shi curve chart after virtual reactance, system open loop passes letter Nai Shi curve and does not surround (1, j0) point, and open loop passes letter and does not have equally RHP limit, so time can judge system stability, thereby further proved that virtual reactance control method proposed by the invention can improve the stability of system.

Claims (7)

1. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter, is characterized in that, described control method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, according to actual electric network impedance Z g, photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria and phase-frequency characteristic obtain virtual inductor amount L v, virtual inductor amount equivalent internal resistance r vwith simulated capacitance amount C v;
Step 2, according to virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r with virtual inductor amount v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function G of acquisition virtual inductor lV(s);
Step 3, according to the capacitance C of simulated capacitance v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, actual filter capacitor C ac, filter inductance L acand dead resistance r ac, electric current loop transfer function G iand feedback filtering ring transfer function G (s) a(s) the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of acquisition simulated capacitance G CV ( s ) = ( C ac - C v s ) ( r ac + L ac s + K PWM G i G a ) K PWM ;
Step 4, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of virtual inductor and simulated capacitance is carried out to discretization, obtains difference equation:
y ( n ) = r V T s + L V K PWM T s i L ( n ) - L V K PWM T s i L ( n - 1 ) ,
z(n)＝K 1v O(n)+K 2v O(n-1)-K 3v O(n-2)，
Wherein, T sfor the sampling period, K 1, K 2, K 3be coefficient;
Step 5, the output variable x (n) of y (n), z (n) and electric current loop is superposeed.
2. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the actual electric network impedance Z described in step 1 gto obtain by testing impedance equipment or electric network impedance online test method.
3. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z described in step 1 o(s) expression formula is:
Z o ( s ) = - v o i o | i L * = 0 = L ac QS 4 + ( L ac &omega; C + r ac Q ) S 3 + ( L ac Q &omega; C 2 + r ac &omega; C ) S 2 + ( r ac Q &omega; C 2 + K p K PWM Q &omega; C 2 ) S + K I K PWM Q &omega; C 2 L ac C ac QS 5 + ( L ac C ac &omega; C + r ac C ac Q ) S 4 + ( L ac C ac Q &omega; C 2 + r ac C ac &omega; C + Q ) S 3 + ( r ac C ac Q &omega; C 2 + K P K PWM Q&omega; C 2 C ac + &omega; C ) S 2 + ( K I K PWM Q&omega; C 2 C ac + Q &omega; C 2 ) S ,
Wherein, ω cfor the cut-off angular frequency of second-order low-pass filter, Q is quality factor, C acfor actual filter capacitor, L acfor actual filter inductance, r acfor L acdead resistance, K pWMfor full-bridge gain, v ofor photovoltaic combining inverter output voltage, i ofor photovoltaic grid connection inverter output current, for inductive current set-point, K pfor electric current loop proportionality coefficient, K ifor electric current changes integral coefficient.
4. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the expression formula of the photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria described in step 1 is:
Wherein, GM is gain margin, and PM is Phase margin, when actual electric network impedance Z gwhen constant, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance meets | Z g|+GM<|Z o|, its phase-frequency characteristic does not need to meet-180 °+PM< ∠ Z g-∠ Z o<180 °-PM can ensure that network system is stable; When the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance does not meet | Z g|+GM<|Z o|, its phase-frequency characteristic must meet-180 °+PM< ∠ Z g-∠ Z o<180 °-PM, to ensure system stability.
5. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described in step 1 according to actual electric network impedance Z g, photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance stability criteria and phase-frequency characteristic obtain virtual inductor amount L v, virtual inductor amount equivalent internal resistance r vwith simulated capacitance amount C vprocess be: ensure actual electric network impedance Z gconstant, according to gain margin GM, Phase margin PM and photovoltaic combining inverter output impedance Z o(s) expression formula obtains virtual inductor amount L vwith simulated capacitance amount C v, virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r vto obtain according to the equivalent internal resistance equal proportion of actual inductance.
6. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described in step 2 according to virtual inductor amount L vequivalent internal resistance r with virtual inductor amount v, and in conjunction with full-bridge gain K pWM, the equivalent feedforward path transfer function G of acquisition virtual inductor lV(s) process is:
Step 2 one, will feed back output current information i lequivalent feedforward path transfer function G with virtual inductor lV(s), after multiplying each other, superpose with electric current loop output, to determine the position of equivalent feedforward path in whole control loop, and by the linear model of this position acquisition virtual inductor feedforward path;
Step 2 two, definite final control target increasing after feedforward path, equivalent target transfer function is 1 ( r ac + r V ) + ( L ac + L V ) s ;
Step 2 three, according to the structure chart simplifying method of Automatic Control Theory, the linear model of virtual inductor feedforward path is carried out to abbreviation, obtain transfer function this transfer function equates with equivalent target transfer function, thus the equivalent feedforward path transfer function of acquisition virtual inductor
7. the virtual reactance control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 4 K 1 = 1 K PWM T s &CenterDot; ( C ac r ac T s + L ac C ac + C ac K PWM G i G a T s - C V r ac + L ac C V T s + C V K PWM G i G a ) , K 2 = 1 K PWM T s &CenterDot; ( C V r ac + L ac C V T s + C V K PWM G i G a - L ac C ac ) , K 3 = 1 K PWM T s 2 &CenterDot; L ac C V .
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