CN104149404B - The heat insulation vibration damping laminate of a kind of fiber enhanced foam gradient - Google Patents
The heat insulation vibration damping laminate of a kind of fiber enhanced foam gradient Download PDFInfo
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- CN104149404B CN104149404B CN201410334007.7A CN201410334007A CN104149404B CN 104149404 B CN104149404 B CN 104149404B CN 201410334007 A CN201410334007 A CN 201410334007A CN 104149404 B CN104149404 B CN 104149404B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of a kind of fiber enhanced foam gradient, its high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer are all be made up of foam matrix fiberfill fibers; Glass microsphere mass fraction incremental variations in 10% ~ 30% in high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer, fiber volume fraction successively decreases change in 30% ~ 10%; At least one group of metal surface, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer stack setting from top to bottom successively.The present invention forms heat insulation vibrationproof sandwich layer by fiber enhanced foam functionally gradient material (FGM), the setting of fiber improves the mechanical property of overall or certain specific direction of matrix material greatly, and the heat insulation vibration damping layer being conducive to overcoming foamed material composition in use produces warpage issues due to the reason of stress gradient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laminate, particularly relate to a kind of laminate with heat insulation vibration-damping function.
Background technology
Porous material, comprises the material such as metal foam and foam of polymers, has that specific strength is high, specific stiffness is high, and compressive strength is large and absorb the advantages such as energy characteristics is good, is widely used in building, boats and ships, wind energy and aerospace field.Porous material is a large amount of pore cell structure because inside has, and can greatly reduce solid heat transfer area, increase heat transfer distances, be therefore particularly suitable for doing heat-barrier material relative to solid material.Relative to solid construction, pore cell structure easily produces plastic deformation when being hit, and the absorption of energy when being conducive to impacting, therefore porous material is also through being usually used in vibration-proof structure.But hot strength is low, fragility makes greatly porous material application be restricted.Single porous material, especially hard foamed porous drawing abillity is poor.The appearance of fibre reinforced composites solves this problem very well.A small amount of fiber reinforcement just can make porous material hot strength and toughness be greatly enhanced.
In order to improve the performance of porous material further, occur again that some become the foamed material of gradient in recent years.Basis by the force analysis to structure is designed some have certain gradient material along certain direction, architecture quality can be reduced further, improve the utilization ratio of material.But the graded of core material can cause plate to produce graded at the thermal coefficient of expansion of gradient direction and moisture absorption, finally makes plate produce warpage and distortion, affects the normal use of plate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the buckling deformation in order to avoid foam functionally gradient material (FGM) laminate in use produces because of thermal expansion or moisture absorption expansion; propose the laminate that a kind of sandwich layer by fiber enhanced foam functionally gradient material (FGM) and metal coating top layer form, to reduce the distortion warpage causing laminate in use procedure because of environmental change.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The heat insulation vibration damping laminate of a kind of fiber enhanced foam gradient, primarily of coating metal plate, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer composition; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer are all be made up of foam matrix fiberfill fibers; Foam matrix is the porous material that hollow glass micro-ball filling epoxy resin is prepared from, glass microsphere mass fraction incremental variations in 10% ~ 30% scope in high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer; The fiber filled is natural fiber or staple fibre; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, the fiber volume fraction in medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer successively decreases change in 30% ~ 10% scope; At least one group of metal surface, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer stack setting from top to bottom successively.
For realizing the object of the invention further, preferably, described high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer form sandwich layer, and the actual layer number of sandwich layer is 3 ~ 10 layers.
Preferably, metal surface, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer is set gradually respectively toward centre from upper and lower two ends.
Preferably, described coating metal plate, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, bondd by adhesive between medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and each layer of low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer.
Preferably, described coating metal plate is the aluminium alloy plate or steel alloy laminate that 0.2 ~ 0.5mm is thick, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, and the thickness of medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer is all 0.4 ~ 1mm.
Preferably, described glass microsphere diameter is 20 ~ 120 μm, and wall thickness is 1 ~ 2 micron.
Preferably, glass microsphere mass fraction difference 3% ~ 10% in described high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer.
Preferably, described high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, the fiber volume fraction difference 3% ~ 10% in medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer.
Preferably, described fiber is glass fibre or plant vasular bundle natural plant fibre; Fiber be filled to orderly or unordered filling; Glass fiber diameter between 8 ~ 35um, vascular bundle diameter between 20 ~ 800 μm, the length 20 ~ 100mm of fiber.
Preferably, described plymetal is aluminium alloy plate or steel alloy laminate.The described laminate with heat-insulating and shock-absorbing function, adopts adhesive to be connected between sandwich layer with metal surface.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has following features:
1) a kind of laminate with heat insulation vibration-damping function of the present invention's proposition; by the composite construction that the sandwich layer and metal coating top layer that use a kind of fiber enhanced foam functionally gradient material (FGM) form; effectively can be prevented warpage and the distortion of foam gradient layer plywood by fibrous material to the constraint of foam gradient matrix, improve the environmental suitability of foam gradient layer plywood.
2) the present invention proposes a kind of laminate with heat insulation vibration-damping function, the composite construction consisted of the sandwich layer and metal coating top layer using a kind of fiber enhanced foam functionally gradient material (FGM), can effectively improve material use efficiency, alleviate construction weight.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fiber enhanced foam gradient heat insulation vibration damping laminated plate structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the fiber enhanced foam gradient heat insulation vibration damping laminated plate structure schematic diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the load schematic diagram of embodiment 1 sandwich layer FEM model.
Fig. 4 is the deformation contrast figure of fiber reinforcement gradient foam sandwich layer and common gradient foamed core.
Detailed description of the invention
For understanding the present invention better, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of a kind of fiber enhanced foam gradient, primarily of coating metal plate 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 form; Wherein, coating metal plate is the aluminium alloy plate or steel alloy laminate that 0.2 ~ 0.5mm is thick, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, and the thickness of medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 is all 0.4 ~ 1mm; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 are all be made up of foam matrix fiberfill fibers 5; Foam matrix is the porous material that hollow glass micro-ball filling epoxy resin is prepared from, and wherein glass microsphere diameter is 20 ~ 120 μm, and wall thickness is 1 ~ 2 micron; Glass microsphere mass fraction incremental variations in 10% ~ 30% scope in high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4; Mass fraction difference between each layer is 3% ~ 10%, and the fiber 5 of filling is glass fibre or plant vasular bundle natural plant fibre; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, fiber 5 volume content in medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 successively decreases change in 30% ~ 10% scope, and the volume content difference between each layer is 10% ~ 3%; Glass fiber diameter is between 8-35um, and vascular bundle diameter is between 20 ~ 800 μm, and length 20 ~ 100mm, it can be orderly for filling direction, also can be unordered.
It is as follows that it stacks order: metal surface 1 is placed on bottom, and metal surface 1 stacks high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 from top to bottom successively.The present embodiment also can arrange metal surface 1 on low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4, is convenient to prevent protected object.
High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 form sandwich layer, and the actual layer number of sandwich layer can change within the scope of 3 ~ 10 layers by concrete instructions for use.
Coating metal plate 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, bondd by adhesive between medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and each layer of low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4.
High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, the preparation process of medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 is as follows: spray releasing agent to mould, put into oven heat 15-20 minute; According to mass fraction 10 parts of E44-6101 type epoxy resin after epoxy resin and curing agent preheating, 0.3 ~ 2 part of curing agent, 0.001 part of defoamer, be laid on by different level in mould with the glass fibre of different proportion or plant vasular bundle after 0.1-0.3 part hollow glass micro-ball mixing and stirring, put into oven heat after pressing 2 hours, after cure and demold, fiber enhanced foam laminate can be obtained.Curing agent can use vinyl triamine (DETA), diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, TEPA (TEPA) or dipropylenetriamine (DPTA); By mass percentage, defoamer is made up of 0.5% stearic acid, 99% polyoxyethyl propyl polyoxyethanyl glycerin ether and 0.5% dimethicone.
During work, protected object is placed on sandwich layer 4 side, and foreign impacts load or hot load import into from coating metal plate 1, and because the hole born of the same parents of sandwich layer porous material act on, load is dissipated to quickly, thus protects object.When the environment of laminate long-term work in high-temperature or high humility, graded due to core material can cause plate to produce graded at the thermal coefficient of expansion of gradient direction and moisture absorption, plate is finally made to produce warpage and distortion, and the percentage elongation of fiber is less than matrix, and the existence of fiber produces constraint to the distortion of matrix, thus reduce the warpage of sandwich layer, improve the environmental suitability of gradient layer plywood.
Simulation calculation verification the verifying results.
Below by way of to fiber reinforcement gradient foam sandwich layer simulation calculation, to verify that the present invention is reducing the effect in core substrate deformation.As shown in Figure 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, fiber reinforcement gradient foam sandwich layer exists, and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 has set up metal surface 1; From top to bottom, coating metal plate 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3, low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 and metal surface 1 set gradually, the hot load of T1=80 DEG C is loaded in high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2 side, low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 side arranges T2=20 DEG C of boundary condition, side is set to symmetrical boundary condition, and the distortion of common gradient foamed core under load identical with same size compares.
The deformation contrast of fiber reinforcement gradient foam sandwich layer and common gradient foamed core as shown in Figure 4, can find out in figure, existence due to fiber makes all little than the distortion of common gradient foamed core of fiber reinforcement gradient foam sandwich layer average deformation on each layer, and average deformation amount decreases 12.4%.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2, the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of a kind of fiber enhanced foam gradient, forms primarily of coating metal plate 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4; Wherein, coating metal plate is the aluminium alloy plate or steel alloy laminate that 0.2 ~ 0.5mm is thick, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, and the thickness of medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 is all 0.4 ~ 1mm; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 are all be made up of foam matrix fiberfill fibers 5; Foam matrix is the porous material that hollow glass micro-ball filling epoxy resin is prepared from, and wherein glass microsphere diameter is 20 ~ 120 μm, and wall thickness is 1 ~ 2 micron; Glass microsphere mass fraction incremental variations in 10% ~ 30% scope in high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4; Mass fraction difference between each layer is 3% ~ 10%, and the fiber 5 of filling is glass fibre or plant vasular bundle natural plant fibre; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, fiber 5 volume content in medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 successively decreases change within the scope of 30%-10%, and the volume content difference between each layer is 10% ~ 3%; Glass fiber diameter is between 8-35um, and vascular bundle diameter is between 20 ~ 800 μm, and length 20 ~ 100mm, it can be orderly for filling direction, also can be unordered.
Stacking between each layer is sequentially as follows: set gradually metal surface 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 respectively toward centre from upper and lower two ends; Low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 is one deck, and metal surface 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2 and medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 are symmetrical arranged two-layer respectively; Low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 is positioned at intermediate layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2 and metal surface 1 respectively with low-density fibre fiber enhanced foam sandwich layer 4 for symmetry axis is symmetric.Other is identical with detailed description of the invention 1.Coating metal plate 1, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, bondd by adhesive between medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and each layer of low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4.
High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, the preparation process of medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3 and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4 is with embodiment 1.
Metal coating top layer contacts with external world's heat or impact load, and fiber enhanced foam functionally gradient material (FGM) forms heat insulation vibrationproof sandwich layer; During work, protected object is placed on coating metal plate side, foreign impacts load or hot load import into from coating metal plate 1, successively through high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3, low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer 4, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 3, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer 2, then be passed on another coating metal plate 1; Because the hole born of the same parents of sandwich layer porous material act on, load is dissipated to quickly, thus protects object.The heat insulation vibration damping layer of conventional foamed material composition in use easily produces warpage due to the reason of stress gradient.When the environment of laminate long-term work in high-temperature or high humility, graded due to material can cause plate to produce graded at the thermal coefficient of expansion of gradient direction and moisture absorption, plate is finally made to produce warpage and distortion, and the present invention due to the percentage elongation of fiber less than matrix, therefore the existence of fiber produces constraint by the distortion of matrix, thus reduce the buckling deformation of sandwich layer, prevent sandwich layer and coating metal plate from departing from, improve the environmental suitability of gradient layer plywood.
Claims (10)
1. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient, is characterized in that, primarily of coating metal plate, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, and medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer composition; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer are all be made up of foam matrix fiberfill fibers; Foam matrix is the porous material that hollow glass micro-ball filling epoxy resin is prepared from, glass microsphere mass fraction incremental variations in 10% ~ 30% scope in high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer; The fiber filled is natural fiber or staple fibre; High-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, the fiber volume fraction in medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer successively decreases change in 30% ~ 10% scope; At least one group of metal surface, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer stack setting from top to bottom successively.
2. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer form sandwich layer, and the actual layer number of sandwich layer is 3 ~ 10 layers.
3. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, set gradually metal surface, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer respectively toward centre from upper and lower two ends.
4. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of the fiber enhanced foam gradient according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described coating metal plate, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, bondd by adhesive between medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and each layer of low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer.
5. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of the fiber enhanced foam gradient according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described coating metal plate is the aluminium alloy plate or steel alloy laminate that 0.2 ~ 0.5mm is thick, high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, the thickness of medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer is all 0.4 ~ 1mm.
6. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described glass microsphere diameter is 20 ~ 120 μm, and wall thickness is 1 ~ 2 micron.
7. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, glass microsphere mass fraction difference 3% ~ 10% in described high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer.
8. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high-density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer, the fiber volume fraction difference 3% ~ 10% in medium density fiber reinforced foam sandwich layer and low-density fibre reinforced foam sandwich layer.
9. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fiber is glass fibre or plant vasular bundle natural plant fibre; Fiber be filled to orderly or unordered filling; Glass fiber diameter between 8 ~ 35um, vascular bundle diameter between 20 ~ 800 μm, the length 20 ~ 100mm of fiber.
10. the heat insulation vibration damping laminate of fiber enhanced foam gradient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plymetal is aluminium alloy plate or steel alloy laminate.
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