CN104102178A - Intelligent household microgrid system based on technology of internet of things - Google Patents
Intelligent household microgrid system based on technology of internet of things Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent household microgrid system based on a technology of internet of things. The intelligent household microgrid system includes an energy system and a control platform thereof. The energy system includes a photovoltaic cell, a chopper module, an energy storage device, a rectifying module and a PCC (point of common connection) switch. The control platform includes a CPU, a storage module, a ZigBee wireless networking device (full-function ZigBee (FFD) main coordinator, a local ZigBee universal remote controller, and a reduced-function (RFD) ZigBee terminal node) and a peripheral interface. The control platform of the intelligent household microgrid system also includes a cloud computation background service system in the broad sense. The intelligent household microgrid combines intelligent grid, microgrid and internet of things technologies and one of great characteristics of the intelligent household microgrid is that a ZigBee wireless technology is introduced to the household microgrid so that the system is capable of networking flexibly. The intelligent household microgrid system is combined with a peak-valley electrovalency system to realize functions such as reliable power supplying through combination of self generation and grid power, intelligent scheduling of distributed photovoltaic power generation, intelligent charging and discharging of the storage device under different states, power bidirectional flowing between the system and the grid, real-time visualization of electricity quantity information and automatic switching of grid connection and grid isolation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intelligent domestic micro-grid system based on technology of Internet of things, particularly a kind of intelligent domestic micro-grid system based on intelligent grid, microgrid and technology of Internet of things.
Background technology
Distributed photovoltaic power generation because its reserves are huge, have a very wide distribution, clean, the feature such as safety, be considered to gradually to meet growing electricity needs, reduce greenhouse gas emission and improve a kind of effective way of comprehensive utilization of energy rate.Although photovoltaic generation advantages, it is typical intermittent energy source, has the advantages that energy undulatory property is large.Value and the benefit brought for electrical network and user for fully excavating distributed energy, scholars have proposed the concept of microgrid (Microgrid).
Microgrid combines close region one group of energy, energy storage device and load to coordinate to control, power distribution network is shown as to single controlled set, can carry out energy exchange with large electrical network, can independent operating in the time that large electrical network breaks down, can meet the demand of user to cold-peace heat by the waste heat of recycling generator unit again simultaneously.Microgrid contributes to the large-scale promotion application of distributed generation technology, also contributes to reduce the harm that grid power blackout brings, and improves the safety and reliability of electric system, strengthens the ability that electrical network is withstood natural calamities, and has Great significance for power grid security.
Through development and research in recent years, microgrid has had tremendous development.Research institution of various countries has obtained many innovations and breakthroughs in microgrid research, and the developed countries (area) such as the U.S., Japan, European Union, Canada have set up a collection of microgrid demonstration project and laboratory.Microgrid research has also obtained great attention with construction in China, and Ministry of Science and Technology's 863 Program, 973 plans etc. has been listed microgrid development project in emphasis and subsidized scope.
According to the difference of access point, photovoltaic microgrid can be divided into photovoltaic plant microgrid and user's sidelight volt microgrid, and the former is generally applied to power transmission network, and the latter can be applicable to 380V enterprise or residential quarters.Relate at present the research of user's side microgrid still less, domestic solar utilization is mainly solar-heating, and domestic family expenses photovoltaic generation is also in the starting stage.
Close friend's interaction between traditional family expenses photovoltaic generating system shortage and intelligent domestic system, Utilities Electric Co., user, can not provide high standard real-time power information, cannot adapt to peak valley electricity price regulation; Also cannot realize the two-way flow of electric energy between electrical network, lack necessary custom power login technique basis, cause the wasting of resources; In addition, in traditional microgrid, use wire communication, very flexible; There is no friendly User Interface; Automaticity is low; Cannot adapt to the requirement of the aspects such as interactive type communication, dsm and Spot Price under intelligent grid background.Self-generating system in Smart Home also lacks practical achievement in research at present, cannot in grid power blackout or fault, ensure the normal operation of intelligent domestic system, and reliability is poor, does not also propose the practical strategy that discharges and recharges for energy storage device.
Microgrid, photovoltaic power generation technology are combined and can effectively be displayed one's respective advantages with Smart Home technology, make full use of the solar energy resources of extensive distribution, self-generating system using family expenses microgrid as Smart Home, can provide efficient, energy-conservation, flexible, reliable power utilization environment for user, assist electrical network peak load shifting, utilize Smart Home technology to monitor in real time intelligent domestic micro-grid system simultaneously.Therefore, designing a kind of intelligent domestic micro-grid system realizes and family expenses photovoltaic generation and electrical power storage are carried out to intelligent management tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to merge advanced electric power, communication, control technology a kind of intelligent domestic micro-grid system is provided, be used for solving above-mentioned deficiency and defect, make full use of solar energy resources, in conjunction with time-of-use tariffs system, realize the electric weight two-way flow between household and electrical network, improve self power generation part in Smart Home extensibility, dirigibility, reliability and ease for use.
For achieving the above object, family expenses micro-grid system comprises energy resource system and controls platform.Energy resource system comprises photovoltaic cell, copped wave module, energy-storage battery, rectification module and points of common connection (PCC) switch.Control platform and comprise CPU, memory module, ZigBee wireless networking device and peripheral interface.
The present invention adopts ZigBee wireless technology flexible networking, can flexible topology, there is good compatibility and extendability, and be convenient to safeguard.ZigBee equipment for control between platform and energy resource system and user interface and control platform between data transmission, mainly comprise full function ZigBee (FFD) master coordinator, simple type (RFD) ZigBee terminal node, local ZigBee universal remote control, be used between control system and equipment and send and to accept data message and control information.System utilization is distributed in simple type ZigBee (RFD) terminal node of each important node and collects visual plant information, as real-time generated output, the energy storage device state of charge etc. of photovoltaic cell, send control information simultaneously, as photovoltaic cell MPPT steering order, energy storage device discharges and recharges instruction etc.
Described points of common connection (PCC) switch is for intelligent domestic microgrid and large being connected and switch control of electrical network.Under normal condition, described intelligent domestic micro-grid system can carry out two-way electricity exchange with electrical network, and intelligent electric meter carries out smart charge according to electric energy exchange situation; In the time that electrical network breaks down or have a power failure, points of common connection (PCC) switch disconnects where necessary, described system enters from Running State, rely on self generating and energy storage device power supply, maintaining Smart Home normally moves, in the time of power system restoration normal power supply, system, by auto-parallel, returns to the state of being incorporated into the power networks.
Described peripheral interface comprises the RS485 interface for same intelligent electric meter communication; For the ZigBee wireless communication interface with terminal device wireless telecommunications; The ethernet communication interface of communicating by letter with other-end in same family network for accessing Internet internet; For receiving the mobile communication interface of mobile phone remote control.
Described RS485 interface is with intelligent electric meter communication, and intelligent electric meter provides necessary data message for intelligent domestic microgrid, thus the two-way interaction between the system of realization and electrical network.Grid side and user's side information can be accepted and send to intelligent electric meter.Intelligent electric meter receives the grid side information that Utilities Electric Co. sends, and comprises adjustment of electricity charges (supporting Spot Price, step price) and the interested electrical network information on services of user (as power failure plan information) etc.User's side information comprises as the microgrid energy of falling power transmission statistics, power flow etc.For the control of points of common connection (PCC) switch, energy-storage battery etc. provides necessary foundation.Intelligent electric meter can calculate and settle accounts the electricity charge information between user and electrical network, is the user's power transmission online basis that provides the necessary technical.
Described control platform, can be accepted and be sent data by peripheral interface.Judge formation control instruction, the operation control of completion system according to data and the program of self memory module storage.Major control program has photovoltaic generation control, the control of energy storage control battery, the control of points of common connection (PCC) switch etc.
Described photovoltaic generation control comprises photovoltaic generation prediction, maximal power tracing (MPPT) etc., can add up photovoltaic battery panel generating data.Photovoltaic generation prediction statistics has comprised the photovoltaic generation model based on neural network, can carry out generated energy prediction based on high in the clouds weather information and photovoltaic cell characteristic, for calculating the energy storage device duration of charging and arranging load electricity consumption; Maximal power tracing is for carrying out maximal power tracing control to photovoltaic generation.
Described energy storage control can discharge and recharge control according to system operation situation and self residual electric weight.System can be in conjunction with the result of calculation on local decision-making system and cloud backstage, discharging and recharging threshold information (threshold information comprises threshold value for subsequent use, storage threshold value) according to storage battery used in the control of battery service condition dynamic adjustments adjusts in time, make energy-storage battery be operated in optimum condition, prevent battery over-discharge can or overcharge.For preventing energy storage device frequent saltus step between different conditions, it discharges and recharges to control and has adopted relay characteristics.
Further, according to the connection of the data of electricity price at times of intelligent electric meter and system and electrical network, intelligent domestic micro-grid system running status is divided into three states: peak electricity price state (grid-connected), paddy electricity price state (grid-connected), from net state, for different running statuses, energy storage device is taked to different control strategies.
Described memory module, adopt Real-Time Databases System Technique, the control information of the state of charge of the real time execution situation of various device and the real-time generated output of control information and historical data thereof, particularly photovoltaic cell, gross generation, energy-storage battery, electricity price information, points of common connection (PCC) on off state and each equipment in stored energy origin system.Information will be bound with timing parameter, thus target information when band is provided.Institute's canned data is except for intelligent domestic micro-grid system, also can combined with intelligent home control platform, and the foundation instructing as electricity consumption.The information storing in memory module will communicate by network interface and cloud computing background service system, do necessary cloud storage and cloud backup.
Described intelligent domestic microgrid combined with intelligent electrical network, microgrid and technology of Internet of things, consider time-of-use tariffs mechanism, adopts ZigBee wireless technology flexible networking.The present invention has realized the electric power two-way flow between the intelligent scheduling of distributed power generation and energy storage, described system and electrical network, the real-time visual interaction friendly to intelligent domestic micro-grid system user of information about power.
Adopt above technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) system adopts photovoltaic, energy storage device and civil power to combine power supply, and can in the time that electrical network breaks down or have a power failure, be operated in from net state, accomplishes that electric energy self-supporting is self-sustaining, in making full use of solar energy resources, has ensured power supply reliability, safe.
(2) can with Utilities Electric Co.'s interaction, in conjunction with time-of-use tariffs policy, support electric energy to deliver to electrical network, meet the development trend of intelligent grid, can experience for user provide more efficient, economic electricity consumption, assist electrical network peak load shifting simultaneously.
(3) system adopts ZigBee Wireless Network, and networking mode is flexible, is convenient to expansion.
(4) system provides abundant interface, and user can carry out interaction with system by PC, mobile phone and telepilot etc., friendly interface, and system operation situation is intuitively visible, and power utilization environment is comfortable.
(5) under different running statuses, energy storage device is taked to the different strategies that discharges and recharges, ensured the continued power of system and the safe and highly efficient operation of energy storage device.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is energy resource system structured flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is control platform structure block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is energy storage device control flow chart under peak value electricity price state.
Fig. 4 auto-parallel is from net switching flow.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Intelligent domestic micro-grid system combined with intelligent electrical network, microgrid and technology of Internet of things are for user provides safely, reliable, economic, efficient electric power system.System adopts photovoltaic, energy storage device and civil power to combine power supply, the preferential electric energy that uses photovoltaic generation to provide, and can in the time that electrical network breaks down or have a power failure, be operated in from net state, can accomplish that electric energy self-supporting is self-sustaining, in making full use of solar energy resources, ensure power supply reliability, safe, in the time of power system restoration normal power supply, system, by auto-parallel, returns to the state of being incorporated into the power networks.
The present invention adopts ZigBee wireless technology flexible networking, and ZigBee-network has wireless self-networking feature, adopts technology of Internet of things to couple together each equipment in intelligent domestic microgrid.Specifically, the equipment of ZigBee-network comprise there is Full Featured full-function device (FFD) and there is partial function simplify function device (RFD).Full-function device can be used as master coordinator, is responsible for the function such as initiation, setting, information management and the maintenance of parameter of network.Internet of things equipment is all as ZigBee simple type (RFD) terminal node, and intelligent terminal configures ZigBee full function (FFD) master coordinator.Being used in conjunction with of FFD device and RFD device, has reduced hardware cost.Control between the devices such as platform and photovoltaic cell, energy storage device, points of common connection (PCC) switch, telepilot interface and all adopt communication transmission data, be convenient to layout, use and expansion from now on.
The intelligent domestic microgrid energy resource system that is respectively as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 the present embodiment with and control platform.Control platform peripheral interface and comprise the RS485 interface for same intelligent electric meter communication; For the ZigBee wireless communication interface with terminal device wireless telecommunications; The ethernet communication interface of communicating by letter with other-end in same family network for accessing Internet internet; For receiving the mobile communication interface of mobile phone remote control.
Specifically, RS485 interface is with intelligent electric meter communication, and intelligent electric meter is that system is submitted necessary information, thereby realizes the two-way interaction between Smart Home and electrical network.Target information about power when band can be measured and provide to intelligent electric meter in real time, accepts and sends grid side and user's side information.Intelligent electric meter receives the grid side information that Utilities Electric Co. sends, and comprises adjustment of electricity charges (supporting Spot Price, step price) and the interested electrical network information on services of user (as power failure plan information) etc.User's side information comprises as the microgrid energy of falling power transmission statistics, power flow etc.For the control of points of common connection (PCC) switch, energy-storage battery etc. provides necessary foundation.Intelligent electric meter can calculate and settle accounts the generating cost information between user and electrical network, is the user's power transmission online basis that provides the necessary technical.
According to the connection of the data of electricity price at times of intelligent electric meter and system and electrical network, intelligent domestic micro-grid system running status is divided into three states: peak electricity price state (grid-connected), paddy electricity price state (grid-connected), from net state, for different running statuses, the self-generating system in intelligent micro-grid system and accumulator system are taked to different control strategies.
Energy storage control discharges and recharges control according to system operation situation and self residual electric weight (SOC).Energy storage device discharges and recharges to be controlled threshold value and can be divided into storage SOC and SOC for subsequent use, and storage SOC is mainly used in electricity price charging when lower, and the control of electricity price electric discharge when higher, and ensureing has sufficient electric energy storage in energy storage device; SOC for subsequent use is for ensureing that system has enough electric energy, to tackle the emergency case such as electric network fault and power failure.Where necessary, controlling platform can be in conjunction with the result of calculation on local decision-making system and cloud backstage, regulate in time and determine that in control, storage battery used discharges and recharges threshold information according to battery service condition, making energy-storage battery be operated in optimum condition, prevent battery over-discharge can or overcharge.For preventing energy storage device frequent saltus step between different conditions, it discharges and recharges to control and has adopted relay characteristics.
When intelligent domestic micro-grid system operates in peak electricity price state, only use where necessary civil power, should use local electric power as far as possible, and can send unnecessary electric energy back to electrical network, electrical network Voltage force alleviate peak in helping user to obtain profit time.For guarantee intelligent domestic microgrid can be tackled burst power-off event, more than now energy storage device electric weight should remain on threshold value for subsequent use.When intelligent domestic micro-grid system operates in paddy electricity price state, more than preferentially energy storage device being charged to storage electric weight, use on this basis local electric power as far as possible, store power while accomplishing paddy electricity price, in electricity price loopback during in peak value, can help user to make full use of existing device, make a profit and maximize, electrical network electricity consumption breach while simultaneously filling up paddy.As Fig. 3 be and net state under energy storage device control flow chart.
Control platform and first read intelligent electric meter electricity price information, judge electricity price state.Electricity price when electricity price and paddy when electricity price is divided into peak.
In the time that electricity price is paddy, when electricity price, controls platform and read battery electric quantity information, when energy storage device SOC is during lower than storage SOC, control system is charged to energy storage device, when energy storage device SOC when SOC, is configured to holding state by energy storage device higher than storage, stop the operation that discharges and recharges to energy storage device.
In the time that electricity price is peak when electricity price, control platform and first read points of common connection (PCC) power flow, intelligence micro-grid system can accomplish that electric energy self-supporting is self-sustaining and without when residue just, do not need to produce electric energy exchange with electrical network, now intelligent electric meter electric energy flow is zero (exchanging without electric energy between electrical network and user), keeps energy storage device previous status.
When intelligence micro-grid system cannot accomplish that electric energy self-supporting is self-sustaining, need electrical network that electric energy is provided, now intelligent electric meter power flow for just (flowing to user by electrical network), then control platform and read battery electric quantity information, when energy storage device SOC is during lower than SOC for subsequent use, system is charged to it, to ensure that it stores enough electric power in order to tackle the emergency case such as electric network fault and power failure.In the time that energy storage device SOC is not less than SOC for subsequent use, it is discharged, for Smart Home, to fill up self-generating system power shortage, reduce the use of civil power as far as possible.
Beyond intelligent micro-grid system can accomplish that electric energy self-supporting is self-sustaining, still have electric weight residue, now power flow is for negative, control platform and read battery electric quantity information, in the time that energy storage device SOC is not less than storage SOC, energy storage device is configured to holding state, stop the operation that discharges and recharges to energy storage device, unnecessary electric energy can be fallen to pushing electric network, to make full use of unnecessary electric energy, electrical network Voltage force while alleviating peak when helping user to obtain profit.When energy storage device SOC, preferentially charges to energy storage device, to ensure that system has sufficient local electric power storing when SOC lower than storage.
Break down or when power outage at electrical network, points of common connection (PCC) disconnects automatically, system enters from network operation, coordinate with energy storage device at photovoltaic cell, in the time that having residue, generating deposits unnecessary electric energy in energy storage device, when generation deficiency, discharge electric energy by energy storage device, to ensure that whole Smart Home can normally move.Meanwhile, system will detect the information such as voltage, frequency of points of common connection (PCC), and Utilities Electric Co.'s power supply information that combined with intelligent ammeter is accepted, makes incoming call judgement, and in the time that power system restoration is powered, system will return to the state of being incorporated into the power networks automatically.The detection information and control information of points of common connection (PCC) all adopts Zigbee wireless mode and controller to carry out message exchange.Described grid-connected from net automatic switching procedure as shown in Figure 4.
For one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the intelligent domestic micro-grid system based on technology of Internet of things, is characterized in that, comprises energy resource system and controls platform.Energy resource system comprises photovoltaic cell, copped wave module, energy storage device, rectification module and points of common connection (PCC) switch.Control platform and comprise CPU, memory module, ZigBee wireless networking device (Almightiness type ZigBee (FFD) master coordinator, simple type (RFD) ZigBee terminal node, local ZigBee universal remote control) and peripheral interface, intelligent domestic micro-grid system control platform of the present invention also broadly comprises cloud computing background service system.
2. intelligent domestic micro-grid system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts ZigBee technology wireless networking, and layout is flexible, has good compatibility and extendability, is convenient to safeguard.ZigBee equipment mainly comprises full function ZigBee (FFD) master coordinator, simple type (RFD) ZigBee terminal node, local ZigBee universal remote control, is used in to control between platform and equipment, send and accept data message and control information.System utilization is distributed in simple type (RFD) the ZigBee terminal node of each important node and collects visual plant numerical information, as real-time generated output, the state of charge of energy-storage battery etc. of photovoltaic cell, send control information, as points of common connection (PCC) switching control instruction, energy storage device discharge and recharge instruction etc. simultaneously.
3. intelligent domestic micro-grid system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is connected with large electrical network by points of common connection (PCC).Under normal condition, described intelligent domestic micro-grid system can carry out bidirectional electric energy exchange with electrical network, and intelligent electric meter carries out smart charge according to electric energy exchange situation; In the time that electrical network breaks down or have a power failure, points of common connection (PCC) switch disconnects where necessary, described system enters from Running State, rely on self generating and accumulator system power supply, maintaining Smart Home normally moves, in the time of power system restoration normal power supply, system, by auto-parallel, returns to the state of being incorporated into the power networks.
4. intelligent domestic micro-grid system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described peripheral interface comprises the RS485 interface for same intelligent electric meter communication; For the ZigBee wireless communication interface with terminal device wireless telecommunications; The ethernet communication interface of communicating by letter with other-end in same family network for accessing Internet internet; For receiving the mobile communication interface of mobile phone remote control.
5. according to claim 1 and intelligent domestic micro-grid system claimed in claim 4, be that system is submitted necessary information by intelligent electric meter, thereby realize the two-way interaction between Smart Home and electrical network.Grid side and user's side information can be accepted and send to intelligent electric meter.Intelligent electric meter receives the grid side information that Utilities Electric Co. sends, and comprises the interested electrical network information on services of time-of-use tariffs information and user (as power failure plan information) etc.User's side information comprises as the microgrid energy of falling power transmission statistics, power flow etc.For the control of points of common connection (PCC) switch, energy-storage battery etc. provides necessary foundation.Intelligent electric meter can calculate and settle accounts the generating cost information between user and electrical network, is the user's power transmission online basis that provides the necessary technical.
6. intelligent domestic micro-grid system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described control platform can be accepted and be sent data by peripheral interface.Judge formation control instruction, the operation control of completion system according to data and the program of self memory module storage.Major control program has photovoltaic generation control, energy storage device control, the control of points of common connection (PCC) switch etc.
7. according to claim 1 and intelligent domestic micro-grid system claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the photovoltaic generation control of described control platform comprises photovoltaic generation prediction, maximal power tracing (MPPT) etc., can add up photovoltaic cell capable of generating power data.Photovoltaic generation prediction statistics has comprised the photovoltaic generation model based on neural network, can select the prediction of row generated energy based on high in the clouds weather information and photovoltaic cell characteristic, for calculating the energy storage device duration of charging and arranging load electricity consumption.
8. according to claim 1 and intelligent domestic micro-grid system claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described energy storage control can discharge and recharge control according to system operation situation and self residual electric weight (SOC).System in grid-connected, from net state, electricity price is in peak value electricity price, valley electricity price, when energy storage device SOC is different, control system will be carried out the corresponding with it scheme that discharges and recharges, prevent battery over-discharge can or overcharge, and adapt to the demand of different conditions to electric weight, can tackle the emergency situations such as electric network fault or power failure.System can be in conjunction with the result of calculation on local decision-making system and cloud backstage, discharge and recharge threshold information (threshold information comprises SOC for subsequent use, storage SOC) according to storage battery used in battery service condition adjustment control, make energy-storage battery be operated in optimum condition.For preventing energy storage device frequent saltus step between different conditions, it discharges and recharges to control and has adopted relay characteristics.
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| CN104483838A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-01 | 成都纽赛思科技有限公司 | Cloud computing-based intelligent household appliance energy-saving control system |
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Application publication date: 20141015 |