CN104052049A - Direct-current smart power grid - Google Patents
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- CN104052049A CN104052049A CN201410256871.XA CN201410256871A CN104052049A CN 104052049 A CN104052049 A CN 104052049A CN 201410256871 A CN201410256871 A CN 201410256871A CN 104052049 A CN104052049 A CN 104052049A
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Abstract
Power grid revolution is caused by wind power generation. Due to randomness and fluctuation of wind power, the manufacturing cost of wind power equipment is high, and due to the fact that an alternating-current power grid is complex and load is uncontrollable, the wind power work is unprecedentedly difficult. Wind power needs to be diluted through thermal power, and obviously, wind power is like poison. There is no way out if problems are researched only from the aspect of wind power equipment, and the problems must be analyzed through a whole system comprising power grids and load. Wind power equipment needs to be as simple as possible, a plurality of wind power fields are connected in parallel to supplement one another to restrain fluctuation, wind power is converted and then input to power grids after energy collection (about 10% of the capacity of equipment connected in parallel), and manufacturing cost can be greatly lowered. If converted resources are not input to the alternating-current power grid and are transferred to a user frequency converter, two birds are killed with one stone, and at the moment, a direct-current power grid when enables direct current to be input to users is used. With the same resources, power obtained through direct current is two to four times that of alternating current, and the view point that alternating current power transformation cost is low is changed. The direct-current power grid can be connected with a plurality of asynchronous alternating-current power grids through multi-end control, through power supply can be achieved when direct current is adopted by an electrical locomotive traction power grid, and a locomotive current transformer is simpler. Input voltage is detected through load, and power obtaining is increased when voltage is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to direct current smart power grid and wind power generation field.
Background technology
Because the electrical network that wind power generation is drawn is changed.
Wind energy turbine set often in several minutes, tens of minutes, a few hours wind-force be not enough to produce the state of active power, when have wind when calm unpredictable.Wind Lai Liao thermal power plant subtracts to be sent out, and when subtracting while sending to 85%, will be difficult to stabilized frequency, by forced-stopping machine, is exited electrical network.Slightly hectare wind has not had again, and thermal power plant starts again, and the people who is familiar with thermal power plant operation knows, this is the thing of high cost.Because of without solution, have to stipulate: wind-powered electricity generation capacity will be lower than net capacity 15%.Or claim that wind-powered electricity generation needs thermoelectricity to dilute, obviously wind-powered electricity generation is like poison.For example land Three Gorges meet with bottleneck, and millions wind energy turbine set must be diluted by six, 70,000,000 thermoelectricitys.
Wind energy is the pulsation energy of several seconds to tens seconds, makes line voltage pulsation raise after networking.Cause power grid quality badly to decline.Destroy the insulation of electrical network and electrical appliance, cause and discharge and cause device damage.And have a strong impact on the operating state of electrical appliance.Must increase investment and carry out fluctuation improvement, because not fixing period of waves, control investment is very large.
The traditional difficult problem that idle, negative phase-sequence, these three electric network pollutions of harmonic wave are AC system, treatment cost is higher.
Because of randomness, fluctuation, season, round the clock, the many reasons such as grid-connected, wind power equipment effective run time is very short, only 20% left and right.Compared with 24 hours non-stop run equipment, differ 5 times.The building cost that only this item calculates according to electric weight just increases 5 times more than.
Because high voltage converter technical difficulty is high, wind-powered electricity generation adopts 690 volts of low-voltage frequency converters more.Be so limited, current of electric is larger, and large current inverter element used will carry out parallel connection.4184 amperes of 5MW inverter currents are challenging technical barriers.Motor cost is higher, loss is larger; Much higher times of frequency converter loss ratio high voltage converter; Idle under this state, negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave are more difficult.Wind-powered electricity generation single-machine capacity is limited to large current inverter technical merit.In addition, need connect step-up transformer, increase not Environmental Factors such as transformer copper loss and iron loss and insulating material etc.
Permanent magnet direct-drive mode: containing permanent magnet direct-drive generator, full power convertor, step-up transformer.Permanent magnet direct-drive generator foreign organization possesses intellectual property and expensive.
Double-fed scheme: containing speed increaser, double-fed generator, 1/3 power converter, step-up transformer.Speed increaser failure rate and cost are higher.
By wind energy turbine set to electrical network interface node, adopt alternating current circuit to carry cost higher; Circuit self coupling and earth potential coupling make voltage-drop larger.Exchange standard parallel connection, speed governing, synchronously, low-voltage crossing is difficult.Because will be consistent in the each point position of AC wave shape, and do not have a unilateral conduction, cause and control difficulty.Particularly the local fault of the indivedual units of whole wind energy turbine set, can be evolved to more and more serious full electric field fault.Because equipment is complicated and it is remote to be located in, originally think that wind-powered electricity generation does not need fuel cost, running cost is extremely low.In fact maintenance cost and accessory take very surprisingly endlessly, and maintenance personal bears spare part climbing pylon becomes wind energy turbine set Chang Jing.
Load is mismatched.Wind energy turbine set is in western part at present, and conveyance loss is large; Load center is coastal, coastal waters wind energy difficulty of transportation; Load utilizes the ability of random energies; Cannot form topological association simplified structure with wind power equipment and reduce cost; Energy storage device is expensive.
Huge wind energy resources is contained in China, and China has formed a large amount of wind-powered electricity generation investments and pylon, fan blade production capacity.People wish to see and can absorb new forms of energy more, can reduce again the loss of transmission, and load can fully draw utilization, the new electrical network to existing electric power system collaboration.
Summary of the invention
Direct current smart power grid of the present invention is by the innovation of power supply, power transmission line, converter, load, each link of power system controller, and generators and loads shared is stabilized the task of fluctuation, efficient operation.
To achieve these goals, direct current smart power grid of the present invention has adopted following technical scheme.
By power supply, power transmission line, converter, load, power system controller etc., formed.
Power supply is controllable resources and uncontrollable resource from power resource division.Controllable resources is firepower, nuclear energy, waterpower, tidal energy, biomass energy etc., also comprises from the electric power of other electrical network input in the present invention.Uncontrollable resource is wind-force, solar energy etc., also comprises the electric power because of the random input of economic, safe reason from other electrical network in the present invention.Power supply is divided into AC power and DC power supply from form, and except photovoltaic generation etc. is DC power supply, most power supplys are AC power.AC power will access direct current smart power grid through over commutation, and DC power supply can directly access direct current smart power grid, also can be in order to adapt to fluctuation through rectifier access direct current smart power grid.Direct current smart power grid is accepted power supply as much as possible, and both sides of supply and demand are optimized distribution controllable resources and uncontrollable resource under the game of electric weight transaction system.
Power transmission line adopts unipolarity or ambipolar direct current cables or direct current overhead transmission line.
Converter is DC/DC conversion device, straight/AC-AC converter and friendship/DC converter.From power supply, power transmission line, to load, to pass through several grades of converters, in direct current smart power grid, reduce as far as possible progression.
Load is divided into tradition load and intelligence load, and intelligent load can draw electric energy random and fluctuation part.Direct current smart power grid is accepted particularly intelligence load of load as much as possible.
Power system controller regulates execution communication interface, data logger etc. to form by main frame, meteorological data interface, electric weight transaction system data-interface, electrical network.
Described wind-driven generator is comprised of several alternator unit, and alternator unit is independently brushless excitation (including but not limited to that rotating rectifier, permanent magnetism or secondary stator direct current are through secondary rotor " resolver " induction) or multipole, heterogeneous, many windings, the multiplex phase shift alternating current generator that has brush excitation.Described multipole, heterogeneous, many winding, multiplex phase shift alternating current generator: " multipole " is for improving generator output frequency; " heterogeneous " improves equalising torque flexibility and increases redundant reliability for high-power generator scattered current pressure; " many windings " is for facilitating multiplex phase shift and dissolving the reverse cut-off of series connection high-voltage rectifier and all press a difficult problem and increase redundant reliability; " multiplex phase shift " for reducing current of electric harmonic wave and reducing DC voltage fluctuation, and provide the stable moment of resistance for generator.Described " multipole " can reduce number of poles when dynamic power machine is provided with speed increaser.Described " heterogeneous " can reduce the number of phases as three-phase when generator designs makes every effort to simple.Described " many windings " can reduce the number of windings or not divide into groups when generator designs makes every effort to simple.Described " multiplex " can not establish multiplex when generator windings locus can replace.Each alternator unit axially-aligned, is connected and fixed rotor and stator respectively through insulating flange plate or insulator, become each rotor mutually insulated and coaxial fixing, each stator mutually insulated is fixed and the generating set of the mechanical angle that staggers.Multiple unit is used for improving output voltage, improves aerodynamic characteristic, and each stator angle that staggers has been strengthened the effect that reduces current of electric harmonic wave and reduce DC voltage fluctuation.It is consistent that the resultant effect of multiple unit, multipole, heterogeneous, many windings, multiplex phase shift requires respectively to export winding interval electrical degree, and output amplitude equates, between adjacent winding withstand voltage consistent, arrange staggeredly, improve unit output voltage.Each rectifier bridge AC connects a plurality of unit of wind turbine generator and multipole, heterogeneous, many windings, the output of multiplex phase shift winding, and DC side same polarity is sequentially connected into high direct voltage and connects DC transmission line.Rectifier bridge DC side also can provide alternator unit excitation; Rectifier bridge nearby winding is installed, and coordinates with stator structure, and line is succinct.
Described its transform method of DC/DC conversion device is taked following steps:
A, the high-voltage direct-current electricity of input is transformed to M * N road, the interstage exchange being mutually independent electricity.Wherein M joins end to end in the converter unit number of high-voltage direct-current side for each input; N is each unit output way.
B, Dui Ge road interstage exchange electricity carry out rectification, form the intermediate dc electricity of identical way.
The corresponding intermediate dc of c, a M converter unit carries out parallel connection, forms negative feedback to keep all pressures of each converter unit input under load current effect; Also can adjust frequency and duty ratio according to detecting input voltage, keep all pressures of each converter unit input.
D, all pressures because keeping each converter unit to input, guaranteed the stable of converter unit work.
E, Dui Ge road intermediate dc electricity are gone here and there and are combined, and keep same polarity, realize DC/DC conversion.
The DC/DC conversion apparatus of carrying out DC/DC conversion device transform method is:
A, converter unit by Support Capacitor, can turn-off power electronic element, pulse transformer, rectifier, controller and form.Can turn-off power electronic element and form H bridge inverter, converter unit is inputted Support Capacitor in parallel and inverter input, inverter output connects the former limit of pulse transformer, pulse transformer secondary connects rectifier, rectifier output connects converter unit output, and controller detects the signal of telecommunication and triggers and can turn-off power electronic element.
B, M converter unit input series connection, is connected in high-voltage direct-current input.The value of M is " high-voltage direct-current voltage/converter unit is withstand voltage "
C, converter unit inverter frequency and duty ratio are fixed, each converter unit output-parallel.When input voltage disturbance raises, output voltage raises, and causes this electric current to exceed other branch in parallel, causes converter unit input impedance to decline, and causes the converter unit input voltage of series connection to decline, and produces all pressures effect of each converter unit input; In like manner, when input voltage disturbance reduces, output voltage reduces, and causes this electric current lower than other branch of parallel connection, causes converter unit input impedance to be increased, and causes the converter unit input voltage of series connection to rise, and produces all pressures effect of each converter unit input; Or the input of each converter unit connects transducer, according to voltage, adjust inverter frequency or duty ratio, produce all pressures effect of each converter unit input.
D, converter unit pulse transformer have N secondary, and rectification forms corresponding output respectively, and each correspondence output of each converter unit complete in parallel or part parallel connection or overlapping parallel connection, produce all pressures effect of each converter unit input.The value of N is withstand voltage with reference to rectifier.
E, each corresponding output through in parallel and series connection of each converter unit, and keep same polarity, produce required direct voltage, complete DC/DC conversion.
F, by adjusting inverter frequency or duty ratio, adjust output voltage.
Described straight/AC-AC converter including but not limited to by DC/DC conversion device, clamper rectifier group, can turn-off power electronic element and multilevel device forms.Each converter unit input of DC/DC conversion device provides equal piezoelectricity position, the output of DC/DC conversion device provides accessory power supply, the input of clamper rectifier group connects each converter unit input, the output of clamper rectifier group connects series connection and can turn-off on the node of power electronic element, makes to turn-off power electronic element and keeps all pressing.Can turn-off power electronic element and form single-phase or many level of three-phase brachium pontis, output single-phase or three-phase alternating current under multilevel device is controlled, and change frequency and voltage.This transform method builds transless structure high voltage frequency conversion device, when AC power is inputted, carries out directly/alternation again change through rectification.
Described clamper rectifier group is comprised of rectifier element, radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture.The present invention is combined into one by radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture three; The described power electronic element that turn-offs needs radiator heat-dissipation, needs line conductor row, structure fixture, and the present invention is combined into one by radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture three, and is interconnected to integral body with clamper rectifier group.Through bent angle design forming air channel tubular, be beneficial to ventilation.
Described straight/AC-AC converter comprises " direct current/many AC converter " (for electric locomotive and rolling mill) and is comprised of straight/_ _ DC converter, several low-voltage inverter device.Each converter unit input of DC/DC conversion device provides equal piezoelectricity position, and the output of DC/DC conversion device provides accessory power supply, and every section of current potential is settled a low pressure inverter, drags a motor.Can help to keep all pressing by regulating certain low pressure inverter frequency to change electric current, also the of short duration perforation of adjustable certain low pressure inverter leg be forced to keep all pressing.
Described friendship/DC converter connects rectifier bridge AC by many secondary, each output of multiplex phase shifting transformer, and each rectifier bridge DC side same polarity is sequentially connected into high voltage direct current.One of them rectifier bridge changes controllable rectifier bridge into, and all the other rectifier bridges switch on and off Transformer Winding can realize continuous regulation output voltage.
Described load is divided into four classes from accepting level angle: 1 class, only Acceptable criterion voltage; 2 classes, can accept to exceed normal voltage 15% left and right, but power are constant, as loads such as light fixture, printing machines; 3 classes, can accept to exceed normal voltage 15% left and right, and power can correspondingly improve, but without energy-storage function, as loads such as fan, water lift equipment; 4 classes, can accept to exceed normal voltage 15% left and right, and power can correspondingly improve, and has energy-storage function, as loads such as air-conditioning, refrigerator, energy storage electric heater, cooling and warming centers.From accepting time angle, be divided into two classes: A class, accept continuously system; B class, intermittently acceptance system.1A, 1B are tradition load; 3A, 4A, 2B, 3B, 4B are intelligence load.Intelligence load input increases voltage detector or voltage comparator, enters and increase load and storage energy operation when voltage is higher.
Described meteorological data is the time segment data that authoritative institution issue and wind-force direct current smart power grid relevant range, wind direction, temperature, humidity, rain, snow, frost, mist etc. concern direct current smart power grid power supply and load.
Described electric weight transaction system condenses upon electrical production person, user, relevant speciality personage, the investor of difference ownership on the platform of pursuing clean energy resource and service efficiency.By the electric power resource of rationally supply of aggregate auction and use day part.Wind-powered electricity generation delivery quality, by buying certain period electric energy futures, improves in wind-powered electricity generation enterprise; Also can controllable electric energy be shifted onto to the weak section of wind-force by powerful competitive strength.
Described electrical network adjustment actuating mechanism, according to the instruction of power system controller, regulates electrical network, completes the supply-demand relationship that electric weight transaction forms.
Described data logger is the various historical datas of long record, and it is perfect that ever-increasing sample helps to carry out Mathematical Modeling.
Power system controller main frame, according to historical data, continuous perfect system model, up-to-date meteorological data, the transaction system data of continuous renewal, up-to-date power supply and load condition, forms regulating command and mails to electrical network adjusting execution communication interface.Power system controller main frame will provide the electric energy of following a period of time to produce reference curve and power budget reference curve to electric weight transaction system, constantly updates.
At China's north latitude 40 degree to 42 degree, build direct current smart power grid high pressure corridor (+800KV/-800KV), and be connected with foreign direct current network, utilize longitude to change balanced load; In China along the coherent coastal waters direct-furnish direct current smart power grid of the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea, the East Sea, South Sea construction (+7,5KV/-7,5KV), build cooling and warming center nearby, by coastal depth upcountry, adopt direct current cables Accelerating The Construction city direct current net, adopt graticule mesh (two-dimensional mesh) to reduce line loss, improve reliability, reduce increase-volume operation.
The principle of the invention is clear, and structure improvement is cheap, safe and reliable, and the energy-saving and emission-reduction situation tool realistic meaning to severe, is improved effect to existing electric power system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main system figure of direct current smart power grid embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that each winding of alternator unit of the present invention connects rectifier series connection
Fig. 3 is five alternator unit rectifier series connection schematic diagrames of the present invention
Fig. 4 is single output transform cell schematics in DC/DC conversion device of the present invention
Fig. 5 is two converter unit input series and output parallel schematic diagrames of the present invention
Fig. 6 is dual output converter unit schematic diagram in DC/DC conversion device of the present invention
Fig. 7 is three overlapping schematic diagrames in parallel of converter unit input series connection output of the present invention
Fig. 8 be the present invention straight/AC-AC converter schematic diagram
Fig. 9 be the present invention straight/AC-AC converter clamper rectifier group schematic diagram
Figure 10 is radiator of the present invention, line conductor row, structure fixture combination schematic diagram
Figure 11 is the plate and air duct type schematic diagram of clamper rectifier group of the present invention
Figure 12 is direct current of the present invention/many AC converter cell schematics
Figure 13 is the present invention's six unit direct current/many AC converter schematic diagrames.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, illustrate the embodiment of direct current smart power grid of the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to following embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the main system figure of direct current smart power grid embodiment of the present invention.1 friendship/DC converter, 2 is wind turbine generator, and 3A is DC power supply, and 3B is DC load, and 4 is DC/DC conversion device, and 5 is straight/AC-AC converter, and 6 is DC transmission line.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that each winding of alternator unit of the present invention connects rectifier series connection.7 add rectifier group for alternator unit.
Fig. 3 is five alternator unit rectifier series connection schematic diagrames of the present invention.7 add rectifier group for alternator unit.
Fig. 4 is single output transform cell schematics in DC/DC conversion device of the present invention.8 is single output transform unit.
Fig. 5 is two converter unit input series and output parallel schematic diagrames in DC/DC conversion device of the present invention.8 is single output transform unit.
Fig. 6 is dual output converter unit schematic diagram in DC/DC conversion device of the present invention.9 is dual output converter unit.
Fig. 7 is three overlapping schematic diagrames in parallel of converter unit input series connection output in DC/DC conversion device of the present invention.9 is dual output converter unit.
Fig. 8 be the present invention straight/AC-AC converter schematic diagram.In this figure, only draw a clamper rectifier group, 8 is DC/DC conversion unit.
Fig. 9 be the present invention straight/AC-AC converter clamper rectifier group schematic diagram.Show clamper rectifier group input/output relation.
Figure 10 is radiator of the present invention, line conductor row, structure fixture combination schematic diagram.Figure middle short line is clamper rectifier current path.In figure, can turn-off power electronic element, rectifier, radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture and be connected to rigid unitary.
Figure 11 is the plate and air duct type schematic diagram of clamper rectifier group of the present invention.The section of observable element, radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture assembly.
Figure 12 is direct current of the present invention/many AC converter cell schematics.8 is DC/DC conversion unit, and 10 is direct current/many AC converter unit.
Figure 13 is that the present invention's six unit direct currents/many AC converter drag six motor schematic diagrames.10 is direct current/many AC converter unit, and 11 is traction electric machine.The course of work below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-13 explanation direct current smart power grid of the present invention.
Direct current smart power grid (referring to Fig. 1) DC transmission line 6 connects other AC network input electric energy by friendship/DC converter; Connect wind turbine generator and add rectifier group 2 input electric energy; By rectifier, connect DC power supply 3A input electric energy; By rectifier, connect DC load 3B output electric energy; By DC/DC conversion device 4, connect DC load and the DC bus output electric energy that electric pressure is different; By straight/AC-AC converter 5, connect AC load and other AC network output electric energy.
Wind turbine generator of the present invention (referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3) is by the isolation of winding, isolation unshakable in one's determination, improved output voltage, improved again aerodynamic characteristic.Because many secondary have alleviated the withstand voltage burden of rectifier bridge, again because space angle and multiplex phase shift design has reduced winding harmonic wave.
Because of direct current transmission, be applicable to coastal waters wind-powered electricity generation.Because of unilateral conduction, needn't consider low-voltage crossing, be suitable for many motor parallels and mend paddy with peak.Draught fan impeller tool larger diameter and quality, its moment of inertia has the effect that fluctuation is stabilized in of short duration energy storage.Wind turbine is not containing speed increasing gear, frequency converter, transformer, and rectifier is cheap, reliable and stable, maintenance workload is extremely low.
DC/DC conversion device of the present invention (referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7) output voltage when input voltage disturbance raises raises, cause this electric current to exceed other branch in parallel, cause converter unit input impedance to decline, cause the converter unit input voltage of series connection to decline, produce all pressures effect of each converter unit input; In like manner, when input voltage disturbance reduces, output voltage reduces, and causes this electric current lower than other branch of parallel connection, causes converter unit input impedance to be increased, and causes the converter unit input voltage of series connection to rise, and produces all pressures effect of each converter unit input.When converter unit pulse transformer has 2 secondary, rectification forms corresponding output respectively, and the overlapping parallel connection of each corresponding output of each converter unit, produces all pressures effect of each converter unit input.
DC/DC conversion device claims again commutator transformer, will compete with AC transformer.Along with maximum power consumption load---motor load extensively adopts frequency converter, maximum quantity load---household electrical appliance extensively adopt Switching Power Supply, and direct current system cost is well below AC system cost.And the maximum discharge thing preparation of AC transformer iron core, copper cash, insulating material, no-load loss, heat dissipation capacity are difficult for utilizing, cannot soft start, type complexity processed etc. more and more faces unfavorable situation; Commutator transformer because high pressure is realized, letter rule unit flexible combination, compared with low emission preparation, redundancy is lossless standby host, take leave of the AC system speciality such as idle, negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave, soft start operation, commutator transformer unit's manufacturing cost has a bright future lower than AC transformer etc.This disappears, and that is long, and AC transformer rate of withdraw is decided by the newly-built cost of direct current system and the depreciation economy of existing AC transformer.
The present invention is straight/AC-AC converter (referring to Fig. 8) by DC/DC conversion device 8, clamper rectifier group, can turn-off power electronic element and multilevel device forms (in multilevel device and line graph, omitting).Each converter unit of DC/DC conversion device is input as and can turn-offs power electronic element equal piezoelectricity position is provided, and after each converter unit output-parallel of DC/DC conversion device, provides accessory power supply.The input of clamper rectifier group connects each converter unit input, and the output of clamper rectifier group connects series connection and can turn-off on the node of power electronic element, makes to turn-off power electronic element and keeps all pressing.Can turn-off power electronic element and form single-phase or many level of three-phase brachium pontis, output single-phase or three-phase alternating current under multilevel device is controlled, and change frequency and voltage.
This transform method builds transless structure high voltage frequency conversion device, when AC power is inputted, carries out directly/alternation again change through rectification.Because of the maximum discharge thing preparation of transformer core, copper cash, insulating material, transless structure high voltage frequency conversion device can reduce cost 50%.
The difficulty of multi-level high-voltage frequency transformer is that each level voltage is unstable, and makes us forbidding with raise clamper rectifier, radiator, line conductor row, the structure fixture, particularly the latter's shape increase sharply of level number as the tangled skein of jute.In addition, because of complex structure, ventilation and heat is not known whether one is coming or going.The present invention is straight/and AC-AC converter clamper rectifier group (referring to Fig. 9) input connects each converter unit input, and the output of clamper rectifier group connects series connection and can turn-off on the node of power electronic element, makes to turn-off power electronic element and keeps all pressing.
The present invention can turn-off power electronic element, rectifier, radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture and be connected to rigid unitary (referring to Figure 10).The present invention connects into integral body (referring to Figure 11) by clamper rectifier group.Through bent angle design forming air channel tubular, be beneficial to ventilation.
Direct current of the present invention/many AC converter (referring to Figure 12, Figure 13), 8 is DC/DC conversion unit, and 10 is direct current/many AC converter unit, and 11 is traction electric machine.Each converter unit input of DC/DC conversion device provides equal piezoelectricity position, and the output of DC/DC conversion device provides accessory power supply, and every section of current potential is settled a low pressure inverter, drags a motor.Can help to keep all pressing by regulating certain low pressure inverter frequency to change electric current, also the of short duration perforation of adjustable certain low pressure inverter leg be forced to keep all pressing.
This transform method makes locomotive brake very simple, does not need feedback system, and can realize and connect power supply, transless and smoothing reactor, traction substation transformation is simple, can absorb new forms of energy, can be by the negative electric weight of AC system and utilize.Can hold a concurrent post traction power supply net by direct current smart power grid of the present invention, be applicable to high speed motor car and heavy traction.
We see, motor extensively adopts frequency converter; Household electrical appliance extensively adopt Switching Power Supply; DC converting cost is lower than exchange conversion; The relative alternating current equipment price of DC equipment declines to a great extent; AC system will lose place.The low cost of direct current wind-powered electricity generation (investment is lower than thermoelectricity), multiple " seizing on both sides by the arms " of without discharge and the world, reducing discharging immense pressure, thermoelectricity and AC system will speed up and exit.Relevant to AC system speciality idle, harmonic wave, negative phase-sequence etc. no longer perplex us, it is easy that overhead line deicing becomes, industry will be made some with household electrical appliance standard and change, and whole world wind energy turbine set couples together looped network or two-dimentional networking, intelligent grid concept by clear be direct current smart power grid.
Claims (10)
1. direct current smart power grid, is characterized in that: by power supply, power transmission line, converter, load, power system controller etc., formed,
Power supply is controllable resources and uncontrollable resource from power resource division, controllable resources is firepower, nuclear energy, waterpower, tidal energy, biomass energy etc., in the present invention, also comprise from the electric power of other electrical network input, uncontrollable resource is wind-force, solar energy etc., in the present invention, also comprise from other electrical network because of economy, the electric power of the random input of reason of safety, power supply is divided into AC power and DC power supply from form, except photovoltaic generation etc. is DC power supply, most power supplys are AC power, AC power will access direct current smart power grid through over commutation, DC power supply can directly access direct current smart power grid, also can be in order to adapt to fluctuation through rectifier access direct current smart power grid, direct current smart power grid is accepted power supply as much as possible, and both sides of supply and demand are optimized distribution controllable resources and uncontrollable resource under the game of electric weight transaction system, power transmission line adopts unipolarity or ambipolar direct current cables or direct current overhead transmission line, converter is DC/DC conversion device, directly/AC-AC converter and friendship/DC converter, from power supply, power transmission line will pass through several grades of converters to load, in direct current smart power grid, reduce as far as possible progression, load is divided into tradition load and intelligence load, intelligence load can draw electric energy random and fluctuation part, direct current smart power grid is accepted particularly intelligence load of load as much as possible, power system controller is by main frame, meteorological data interface, electric weight transaction system data-interface, electrical network regulates carries out communication interface, the compositions such as data logger.
2. according to the direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described wind-driven generator is comprised of several alternator unit, alternator unit is independently brushless excitation (including but not limited to that rotating rectifier, permanent magnetism or secondary stator direct current are through secondary rotor " resolver " induction) or multipole, heterogeneous, many windings, the multiplex phase shift alternating current generator that has brush excitation, described multipole, heterogeneous, many winding, multiplex phase shift alternating current generator: " multipole " is for improving generator output frequency, " heterogeneous " improves equalising torque flexibility and increases redundant reliability for high-power generator scattered current pressure, " many windings " is for facilitating multiplex phase shift and dissolving the reverse cut-off of series connection high-voltage rectifier and all press a difficult problem and increase redundant reliability, " multiplex phase shift " is for reducing current of electric harmonic wave and reducing DC voltage fluctuation, and for generator provides the stable moment of resistance, described " multipole " can reduce number of poles when dynamic power machine is provided with speed increaser, described " heterogeneous " can reduce the number of phases as three-phase when generator designs makes every effort to simple, described " many windings " can reduce the number of windings or not divide into groups when generator designs makes every effort to simple, described " multiplex " can not establish multiplex when generator windings locus can replace, each alternator unit axially-aligned, through insulating flange plate or insulator, respectively rotor and stator are connected and fixed, become each rotor mutually insulated and coaxially fixing, each stator mutually insulated is fixed and the generating set of the mechanical angle that staggers, multiple unit is used for improving output voltage, improve aerodynamic characteristic, each stator angle that staggers has been strengthened the effect that reduces current of electric harmonic wave and reduce DC voltage fluctuation, multiple unit, multipole, heterogeneous, many windings, it is consistent that the resultant effect of multiplex phase shift requires respectively to export winding interval electrical degree, output amplitude equates, withstand voltage consistent between adjacent winding, arrange not staggered, improve unit output voltage, each rectifier bridge AC connects a plurality of unit of wind turbine generator, and multipole, heterogeneous, many windings, the output of multiplex phase shift winding, DC side same polarity is sequentially connected into high direct voltage and connects DC transmission line, rectifier bridge DC side also can provide alternator unit excitation, rectifier bridge nearby winding is installed, and coordinates with stator structure, and line is succinct.
3. according to the direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described its transform method of DC/DC conversion device is taked following steps: a, the high-voltage direct-current electricity of input is transformed to M Essays road, the interstage exchange electricity being mutually independent, wherein M joins end to end in the converter unit number of high-voltage direct-current side for each input, N is each unit output way, b, Dui Ge road interstage exchange electricity carry out rectification, the intermediate dc electricity that forms identical way, the corresponding intermediate dc of c, a M converter unit carries out parallel connection, under load current effect, form negative feedback with keep each become _ _ change all pressures that unit is inputted, also can adjust frequency and duty ratio according to detecting input voltage, the all pressures that keep each converter unit input, d, because keeping all pressures of each converter unit input, guaranteed the stable of converter unit work, e, Dui Ge road intermediate dc electricity is gone here and there and is combined, and keep same polarity, realize DC/DC conversion, the DC/DC conversion apparatus of carrying out DC/DC conversion device transform method is: a, converter unit is by Support Capacitor, can turn-off power electronic element, pulse transformer, rectifier, controller forms, can turn-off power electronic element and form H bridge inverter, converter unit is inputted Support Capacitor in parallel and inverter input, inverter output connects the former limit of pulse transformer, pulse transformer secondary connects rectifier, rectifier output connects converter unit output, controller detects the signal of telecommunication and triggers and can turn-off power electronic element, b, M converter unit input series connection, be connected in high-voltage direct-current input, the value of M is " high-voltage direct-current voltage/converter unit is withstand voltage " c, converter unit inverter frequency and duty ratio are fixed, each converter unit output-parallel, when input voltage disturbance raises, output voltage raises, cause this electric current to exceed other branch in parallel, cause converter unit input impedance to decline, cause the converter unit input voltage of series connection to decline, produce all pressures effect of each converter unit input, in like manner, when input voltage disturbance reduces, output voltage reduces, and causes this electric current lower than other branch of parallel connection, causes converter unit input impedance to be increased, and causes the converter unit input voltage of series connection to rise, and produces all pressures effect of each converter unit input, or each converter unit input connects transducer, according to voltage, adjust inverter frequency or duty ratio, produce all pressures effect of each converter unit input, d, converter unit pulse transformer has N secondary, rectification forms corresponding output respectively, complete in parallel or the partly in parallel or overlapping parallel connection of each corresponding output of each converter unit, produce all pressures effect of each converter unit input, the value of N is withstand voltage with reference to rectifier, e, each the corresponding output of each converter unit is through in parallel and series connection, and keep same polarity, produce required direct voltage, complete DC/DC conversion, f, by adjusting inverter frequency or duty ratio, adjust output voltage.
4. according to the direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described straight/AC-AC converter is including but not limited to by DC/DC conversion device, clamper rectifier group, can turn-off power electronic element and multilevel device forms, each converter unit input of DC/DC conversion device provides equal piezoelectricity position, the output of DC/DC conversion device provides accessory power supply, the input of clamper rectifier group connects each converter unit input, the output of clamper rectifier group connects series connection and can turn-off on the node of power electronic element, making to turn-off power electronic element keeps all pressing, can turn-off power electronic element and form single-phase or many level of three-phase brachium pontis, output single-phase or three-phase alternating current under multilevel device is controlled, and change frequency and voltage, this transform method builds transless structure high voltage frequency conversion device, when AC power is inputted, through rectification, carrying out directly/alternation changes again.
5. according to direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, claim 4, it is characterized in that: described clamper rectifier group is comprised of rectifier element, radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture, and the present invention is combined into one by radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture three; The described power electronic element that turn-offs needs radiator heat-dissipation, need line conductor row, structure fixture, the present invention is combined into one by radiator, line conductor row, structure fixture three, and is interconnected to integral body with clamper rectifier group, through bent angle design forming air channel tubular, be beneficial to ventilation.
6. according to claim 1, direct current smart power grid described in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described straight/AC-AC converter comprises " direct current/many AC converter " (for electric locomotive and rolling mill) by DC/DC conversion device, several low-voltage inverter devices form, each converter unit input of DC/DC conversion device provides equal piezoelectricity position, the output of DC/DC conversion device provides accessory power supply, every section of current potential is settled a low pressure inverter, drag a motor, can help to keep all pressing by regulating certain low pressure inverter frequency to change electric current, also the of short duration perforation of adjustable certain low pressure inverter leg is forced to keep all pressing.
7. according to direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described friendship/DC converter connects rectifier bridge AC by many secondary, each output of multiplex phase shifting transformer, each rectifier bridge DC side same polarity is sequentially connected into high voltage direct current, one of them rectifier bridge changes controllable rectifier bridge into, all the other rectifier bridges switch on and off Transformer Winding, can realize continuous regulation output voltage.
8. according to direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described load is divided into four classes from accepting level angle: 1 class, only Acceptable criterion voltage; 2 classes, can accept to exceed normal voltage 15% left and right, but power are constant, as loads such as light fixture, printing machines; 3 classes, can accept to exceed normal voltage 15% left and right, and power can correspondingly improve, but without energy-storage function, as loads such as fan, water lift equipment; 4 classes, can accept to exceed normal voltage 15% left and right, and power can correspondingly improve, and has energy-storage function, as loads such as air-conditioning, refrigerator, energy storage electric heater, cooling and warming centers, from accepting time angle, are divided into two classes: A class, accept continuously system; B class, acceptance system intermittently, 1A, 1B be that tradition is loaded; 3A, 4A, 2B, 3B, 4B are intelligence load, and intelligence load input increases voltage detector or voltage comparator, enters and increase load and storage energy operation when voltage is higher.
9. according to direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described meteorological data is authoritative institution issue and wind-force direct current smart power grid relevant range, wind direction, temperature, humidity, rain, snow, frost, mists etc. concern the time segment data of direct current smart power grid power supply and load, described electric weight transaction system is by the electrical production person of difference ownership, user, relevant speciality personage, investor condenses upon on the platform of pursuing clean energy resource and service efficiency, by the electric power resource of rationally supply of aggregate auction and use day part, wind-powered electricity generation enterprise is by buying certain period electric energy futures, improve wind-powered electricity generation delivery quality, also can controllable electric energy be shifted onto to the weak section of wind-force by powerful competitive strength, described electrical network adjustment actuating mechanism is according to the instruction of power system controller, electrical network is regulated, complete the supply-demand relationship that electric weight transaction forms, described data logger is by the various historical datas of long record, it is perfect that ever-increasing sample helps to carry out Mathematical Modeling, power system controller main frame is according to historical data, continuous perfect system model, up-to-date meteorological data, the transaction system data of constantly updating, up-to-date power supply and load condition, form regulating command and mail to electrical network adjusting execution communication interface, power system controller main frame will provide the electric energy of following a period of time to produce reference curve and power budget reference curve to electric weight transaction system, constantly update.
10. according to direct current smart power grid described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: at China's north latitude 40 degree to 42 degree, build direct current smart power grid high pressure corridor (+800KV/-800KV), and be connected with foreign direct current network, utilize longitude to change balanced load; In China along the coherent coastal waters direct-furnish direct current smart power grid of the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea, the East Sea, South Sea construction (+7,5KV/-7,5KV), build cooling and warming center nearby, by coastal depth upcountry, adopt direct current cables Accelerating The Construction city direct current net, adopt graticule mesh (two-dimensional mesh) to reduce line loss, improve reliability, reduce increase-volume operation.
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| CN201410256871.XA CN104052049A (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-06-11 | Direct-current smart power grid |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105305404A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | Method for compensating voltage loss of direct current power grid |
| CN107070257A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 西南交通大学 | Converter device and converter system |
| CN108336727A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-27 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of new energy supply system and control method for through traction power supply |
| CN110277808A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-24 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | A kind of energy internet system for energy storage train charging station |
| CN110635469A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-31 | 深圳市爱兰博功率电子有限公司 | Parallel power expansion circuit and method |
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- 2014-06-11 CN CN201410256871.XA patent/CN104052049A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105305404A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | Method for compensating voltage loss of direct current power grid |
| CN107070257A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 西南交通大学 | Converter device and converter system |
| CN108336727A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-27 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of new energy supply system and control method for through traction power supply |
| CN108336727B (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2023-11-24 | 西南交通大学 | New energy supply system for through traction power supply and control method |
| CN110277808A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-24 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | A kind of energy internet system for energy storage train charging station |
| CN110635469A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-31 | 深圳市爱兰博功率电子有限公司 | Parallel power expansion circuit and method |
| CN110635469B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-11-09 | 深圳市爱兰博功率电子有限公司 | Parallel power expansion circuit and method |
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