CN103684018A - Novel multi-level inverter capacitor voltage balanced circuit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Novel multi-level inverter capacitor voltage balanced circuit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103684018A CN103684018A CN201310685543.7A CN201310685543A CN103684018A CN 103684018 A CN103684018 A CN 103684018A CN 201310685543 A CN201310685543 A CN 201310685543A CN 103684018 A CN103684018 A CN 103684018A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-level inverter capacitor voltage balanced circuit based on an electric charge refreshing principle. The multi-level inverter capacitor voltage balanced circuit is an auxiliary circuit which is additionally arranged on a multi-level inverter and used for maintaining the balance of voltages on all direct current voltage-dividing capacitors in the multi-level inverter circuit. The multi-level inverter capacitor voltage balanced circuit comprises a balancing capacitor and a plurality of control switches. The balancing capacitor is in parallel connection with a plurality of direct current voltage-dividing capacitors respectively, the balancing capacitor and all accesses of the direct current voltage-dividing capacitors are respectively connected with one control switch in series, and the balancing capacitor is in parallel connection and in communication with all the direct current voltage-dividing capacitors in turn by controlling the control switches. By the adoption of the mode, the balanced circuit is simple in structure and high in reliability, the basic structure and principle of the circuit are applicable to any level, the dynamic equilibrium of electric charges of the diode clamping type multi-level inverter direct current voltage-dividing capacitors can be kept, and therefore the balance of the voltages is maintained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-electrical level inverter field, particularly a kind of capacitance voltage bascule and control method thereof that refreshes the multi-electrical level inverter of principle based on electric charge.
Background technology
The thought of multi-level converter is proposed the beginning of the eighties by A Nabae the earliest.Compare with two traditional level converters, multi-level converter, because output level number increases, makes output waveform have better harmonic spectrum and less
.And the voltage stress that each switching device bears is less.Be particularly suitable for high-power occasion, as high-voltage alternating speed governing, electric power system static reacance generator, active power filter, the flexible power transmission and distribution of interchange and VSC-HVDC etc.Multi-electrical level inverter mainly contains three basic structures: diode clamp formula, flying capacitor type, tandem type.Wherein diode clamp formula application is wider, and Fig. 1 illustrates the topological structure of the diode clamp formula three-level inverter of knowing clearly.In application, there is the imbalance problem of DC capacitor voltage in sort circuit; If it is not controlled, will make multi-level converter be converted into two level converters, and make part switching device bear too high voltage stress and damage.The imbalance of diode clamp formula multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage comprises two aspects: the fluctuation of capacitance voltage and the skew of capacitance voltage.The fluctuation of voltage refers to that the interior instantaneous voltage of one-period changes but mean value is constant; Variation refers to that average voltage changes.The two all results from discharging and recharging of DC bus capacitor, and generally, reactive current component fluctuates voltage, and active current is offset voltage, and Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show respectively both of these case.
At present, balancing capacitance voltage is mainly set about from hardware circuit and control algolithm two aspects.There is following several method hardware circuit aspect:
1) adopt a plurality of independent DC power supplies; This can adopt multitap transformer to obtain through diode rectification.The method has been saved dividing potential drop electric capacity, does not therefore have balance of voltage problem, but shortcoming is transformer device structure complexity, bulky, inefficiency.
2), according to the drift condition of each point current potential, change current path and carry out control capacitance voltage.This method, for inverters more than three level, because the branch road that needs detect is more, need to increase more equipment, controls complicated, very difficult practical.
Control algolithm method is by selecting suitable redundancy vector, makes to flow into or the average current that flows out certain electric capacity is zero within a sampling period.Comparative maturity is the method based on Virtual Space vector that is applicable to three-level inverter at present.The shortcoming of this method is: the algorithm that is almost difficult to find effective practicality for the inverter higher than three level.The more important thing is, the cumulative effect that control algolithm method causes for approximate hypothesis and the error of calculation cannot be eliminated, and long-time running still can differ from and produce capacitance voltage and be offset.The simple control algolithm that relies on is carried out balancing capacitance voltage, cannot guarantee system reliability of operation.
Present stage, industry has very multimode voltage with multiple levels balancing circuitry, adopts the transformer of many output windings to carry out balancing capacitance voltage, and volume is large, and cost is high; Or use series resistance dividing potential drop, its shortcoming is that power consumption is large, a little less than balanced capacity; Or use resonance equalizing circuit, shortcoming is to use inductance element, circuit is complicated, and the element of use is more, and reliability is low.And these voltage balancing circuits, the voltage with multiple levels progression of adaptation is very limited, generally limits to three level, four level finite progressions, and more multistage several multi-level circuit designs become increasingly complex, and reliability continues to reduce, cost sharply rises.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry and control method that refreshes principle based on electric charge, can keep the dynamic equilibrium of electric charge on diode clamp formula multi-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity, and then maintain the balance of its voltage.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry that refreshes principle based on electric charge is provided, it is an auxiliary circuit being added on multi-electrical level inverter, for keeping the balance of voltage on each DC partial voltage electric capacity of multi-electrical level inverter circuit, it is characterized in that, comprise: balanced electric capacity and a plurality of control switch, described balanced electric capacity is connected respectively side by side with a plurality of described DC partial voltage electric capacity, and be connected in series respectively described control switch on each path of described balanced electric capacity and a plurality of described DC partial voltage electric capacity, by controlling described control switch, described balanced electric capacity is connected with each DC partial voltage Capacitance parallel connection in turn.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described balanced electric capacity is identical with the specification of described DC partial voltage electric capacity.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circuit of described control switch is by adopting four diodes and the high-power isolated gate bipolar transistor that is connected in parallel on described full bridge rectifier centre that full bridge rectifier connects to connect and compose.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a kind of control method of capacitance voltage bascule of the multi-electrical level inverter that refreshes principle based on electric charge is provided, by switch-over control signal in turn, control the action of described control switch, described balanced electric capacity is connected with described DC partial voltage Capacitance parallel connection in turn within the sampling period.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1) simple in structure, without any parameter is detected and controlled, reliability is high; 2) control method is simple, and voltage balance control and voltage inversion control are separate, are independent of each other; 3) basic structure and principle are applicable to any level.The inverter of varying level all only needs an auxiliary capacitor, and diverter switch control waveform, as long as guarantee balanced electric capacity and the connection in parallel in turn of DC partial voltage electric capacity, does not need to change control method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the topological structure of diode clamp formula three-level inverter.
Fig. 2 is the voltage fluctuation situation of the DC partial voltage of circuit shown in Fig. 1 electric capacity under reactive load.
Fig. 3 is the variation situation of the DC partial voltage of circuit shown in Fig. 1 electric capacity under active load.
Fig. 4 is the diode clamp formula three-level inverter of balancer with voltage.
Fig. 5 is the circuit of the diverter switch in circuit shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the switch controlling signal waveform of circuit shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the voltage balancing device topological circuit of four electrical level inverters.
Fig. 8 is the control waveform of circuit changing switch shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is diode clamp formula five-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage equalizing circuit topological circuit.
Figure 10 is the control waveform of circuit changing switch shown in Fig. 9.
When Figure 11 is reactive load, do not add the voltage waveform on the five-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity of electric capacity voltage balancing circuit.
When Figure 12 is active load, do not add the voltage waveform on the five-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity of electric capacity voltage balancing circuit.
Figure 13 is the voltage waveform with the diode clamp formula five-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity of capacitance voltage balancing circuitry.
In figure, each assembly and Reference numeral are respectively: 1, power supply, 2, capacitance voltage equalizing circuit, 3, three-level inverter circuit, 4, four electrical level inverter circuit, 5, five-electrical level inverter circuit, 6, threephase load, 30, three-level inverters, 40, four level inverse conversion bridges, 50, five level inverse conversion bridges, C
b, balanced electric capacity, C
1, the first direct voltage electric capacity, C
2, the second direct voltage electric capacity, C
3, the 3rd direct voltage electric capacity, C
4, the 4th direct voltage electric capacity, S
1, the first control switch, S
2, the second control switch, S
3, the 3rd control switch, S
4, the 4th control switch, S
5, the 5th control switch, S
6, the 6th control switch, S
7, the 7th control switch, S
8, the 8th control switch, VT, insulated gate bipolar transistor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
Shown in Fig. 4 is the diode clamp formula three-level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry of balancer with voltage, it is an auxiliary circuit being added on multi-electrical level inverter, for keeping the voltage on each DC partial voltage electric capacity of multi-electrical level inverter circuit to equate, comprise power supply 1, capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2 and three-level inverter circuit 3, described capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2 and three-level inverter circuit 3 two ends that are connected to described power supply 1 parallel with one another.
Described capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2 comprises: balanced capacitor C
b, the first control switch S
1, the second control switch S
2, the 3rd control switch S
3with the 4th control switch S
4;
Described three-level inverter circuit 3 comprises: the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1, the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2, three-level inverters 30 and threephase load 6;
Described balanced capacitor C
bwith the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1with the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2connect side by side respectively, and on each path, be connected in series respectively control switch; Be specially: described the first control switch S
1be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1positive pole between path in; Described the second control switch S
2be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2positive pole between path in; Described the 3rd control switch S
3be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1negative pole between path in; Described the 4th control switch S
4be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2negative pole between path in.
The specific works process of described three-level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry is as follows: described the first control switch S
1with the 3rd control switch S
3share one group and control model, described the second control switch S
2with the 4th control switch S
4share one group of control signal, and these two groups of control signals are complementary, its control signal cycle as shown in Figure 6.In one-period T, first 1/2T, disconnects S
2, S
4, connect S
1, S
3, described balanced capacitor C now
bwith described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1carry out electric charge and refresh, and then balanced voltage.Be specially: when balanced capacitor C
bin voltage be greater than the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1voltage time, by balanced capacitor C
bto the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1iunjected charge; When balanced capacitor C
bin voltage be less than the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1voltage time, by the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1to balanced capacitor C
biunjected charge.Second 1/2T, disconnects S
1, S
3, connect S
2, S
4, described balanced capacitor C now
bwith described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2carrying out electric charge refreshes.Be specially: when balanced capacitor C
bin voltage be greater than the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2voltage time, by balanced capacitor C
bto the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2iunjected charge, when balanced capacitor C
bin voltage be less than the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2voltage time, by the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2to balanced capacitor C
biunjected charge.In this way, by C
bthe role who serves as electric charge porter, is transported to unnecessary electric charge on high-voltage direct-current dividing potential drop electric capacity on low-voltage direct-current dividing potential drop electric capacity, keeps the dynamic equilibrium of electric charge on DC partial voltage electric capacity, thereby maintains the equilibrium of voltage.When enough hour of sampling period, the fluctuation of capacitance voltage will be very little.
As shown in Figure 5, circuit diagram for described control switch, in figure, gate pole G is used for connecing switch controlling signal, described control switch circuit adopts full bridge rectifier to connect, and at the middle insulated gate bipolar transistor VT in parallel of described full bridge rectifier, can guarantee that electric current can two-way flow when insulated gate bipolar transistor VT conducting.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, voltage balancing device topological circuit for four electrical level inverters of balancer with voltage, comprise: power supply 1, capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2, four electrical level inverter circuit 4, described capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2, four electrical level inverter circuit 4 two ends that are connected to described power supply 1 parallel with one another.
Described capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2 comprises: balanced capacitor C
b, the first control switch S
1, the second control switch S
2, the 3rd control switch S
3, the 4th control switch S
4, the 5th control switch S
5with the 6th control switch S
6;
Described four electrical level inverter circuit 4 comprise: the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1, the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2, the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3, four level inverse conversion bridges 40 and threephase load 6;
Described balanced capacitor C
bwith the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1, the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2with the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3connect side by side respectively, and on each path, be connected in series respectively control switch; Be specially: described the first control switch S
1be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the first direct voltage capacitor C
1positive pole between path in; Described the second control switch S
2be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the first direct voltage capacitor C
1negative pole between path in; Described the 3rd control switch S
3be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the second direct voltage capacitor C
2positive pole between path in; Described the 4th control switch S
4be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the second direct voltage capacitor C
2negative pole between path in, described the 5th control switch S
5be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the 3rd direct voltage capacitor C
3positive pole between path in; Described the 6th control switch S
6be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the 3rd direct voltage capacitor C
3negative pole between path in.
The specific works process of described four electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitrys is as follows: the first control switch S
1with the second control switch S
2, the 3rd control switch S
3with the 4th control switch S
4, the 5th control switch S
5with the 6th control switch S
6share respectively one group of control signal, its control signal as shown in Figure 8, all takies 1/3T between these signals.Only connect S
1and S
2time, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1carrying out electric charge refreshes; Only connect S
3and S
4time, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2carry out electric charge brush; Only connect S
5and S
6, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto described the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3carrying out electric charge refreshes.It is identical with described tri-level circuit that electric charge refreshes principle.In this way, constantly the electric charge on the higher DC partial voltage electric capacity of voltage is transported on the DC partial voltage electric capacity that voltage is lower, keeps the dynamic equilibrium of electric charge, thus the voltage on balanced each DC partial voltage electric capacity.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9, voltage balancing device topological circuit for the five-electrical level inverter of balancer with voltage, comprise: power supply 1, capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2, five-electrical level inverter circuit 5, described capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2, five-electrical level inverter circuit 5 two ends that are connected to described power supply 1 parallel with one another.
Described capacitance voltage equalizing circuit 2 comprises: balanced capacitor C
b, the first control switch S
1, the second control switch S
2, the 3rd control switch S
3, the 4th control switch S
4, the 5th control switch S
5, the 6th control switch S
6, the 7th control switch S
7with the 8th control switch S
8;
Described five-electrical level inverter circuit 5 comprises: the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1, the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2, the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3, the 4th DC partial voltage capacitor C
4, five level inverse conversion bridges 50 and threephase load 6;
Described balanced capacitor C
bwith the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1, the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2, the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3with the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
4connect side by side respectively, and on each path, be connected in series respectively control switch; Be specially: described the first control switch S
1be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1positive pole between path in; Described the second control switch S
2be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1negative pole between path in; Described the 3rd control switch S
3be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2positive pole between path in; Described the 4th control switch S
4be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2negative pole between path in; Described the 5th control switch S
5be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3positive pole between path in; Described the 6th control switch S
6be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3negative pole between path in; Described the 7th control switch S
7be series at described balanced capacitor C
bpositive pole and described the 4th DC partial voltage capacitor C
4positive pole between path in; Described the 8th control switch S
8be series at described balanced capacitor C
bnegative pole and described the 4th DC partial voltage capacitor C
4negative pole between path in.
The specific works process of described five-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry is as follows: the first control switch S
1with the second control switch S
2, the 3rd control switch S
3with the 4th control switch S
4, the 5th control switch S
5with the 6th control switch S
6, the 7th control switch S
7with the 8th control switch S
8share respectively one group of control signal, its control signal as shown in figure 10, all takies 1/4T between these signals.Only connect S
1and S
2time, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto the first DC partial voltage capacitor C
1carrying out electric charge refreshes; Only connect S
3and S
4time, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto the second DC partial voltage capacitor C
2carrying out electric charge refreshes; Only connect S
5and S
6, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto described the 3rd DC partial voltage capacitor C
3carrying out electric charge refreshes; Only connect S
7and S
8, described balanced capacitor C
bwith described the 4th DC partial voltage capacitor C
4parallel connection, described balanced capacitor C
bto described the 4th DC partial voltage capacitor C
4carrying out electric charge refreshes.It is identical with described tri-level circuit that electric charge refreshes principle.In this way, constantly the electric charge on the higher DC partial voltage electric capacity of voltage is transported on the DC partial voltage electric capacity that voltage is lower, keeps the dynamic equilibrium of electric charge, thus the voltage on balanced each DC partial voltage electric capacity.
As shown in figure 11, during for reactive load, do not add the voltage waveform on the five-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity of electric capacity voltage balancing circuit; As shown in figure 12, during for active load, do not add the voltage waveform on the five-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity of electric capacity voltage balancing circuit.As seen from the figure, when not adding electric capacity voltage balance circuit, voltage on each DC partial voltage electric capacity is all upper and lower fluctuation tendency with irregular form, cannot maintain the balance of each voltage, as shown in figure 13, voltage waveform for the diode clamp formula five-electrical level inverter DC partial voltage electric capacity with capacitance voltage balancing circuitry, as seen from the figure, each voltage is mild fluctuation form, therefore on inverter circuit, add after capacitance voltage balancing circuitry, can effectively keep the electric voltage equalization on each DC partial voltage electric capacity.
By above-mentioned control method switch-over control signal in turn, control the action of described control switch, balanced electric capacity is connected with described DC partial voltage Capacitance parallel connection in turn within the sampling period, thereby realized electric voltage equalization.In summary, DC partial voltage electric capacity increases by one, and control switch need increase by 2, so the total quantity of switch equals 2 times of DC partial voltage electric capacity quantity, and the situation of other level numbers can be by that analogy.
Capacitance voltage portfolio effect proposed by the invention and the operating state of diverter switch are closely related.Within a sampling period, diverter switch at least should guarantee balanced electric capacity and all DC partial voltage Capacitance parallel connections once.The number of times of rotation is more, and the voltage fluctuation of DC partial voltage electric capacity is less, and portfolio effect is better.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes specification of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry that refreshes principle based on electric charge, it is an auxiliary circuit being added on multi-electrical level inverter, for keeping the balance of voltage on each DC partial voltage electric capacity of multi-electrical level inverter circuit, it is characterized in that, comprise: balanced electric capacity and a plurality of control switch, described balanced electric capacity is connected respectively side by side with a plurality of described DC partial voltage electric capacity, and be connected in series respectively described control switch on each path of described balanced electric capacity and a plurality of described DC partial voltage electric capacity, by controlling described control switch, described balanced electric capacity is connected with each DC partial voltage Capacitance parallel connection in turn.
2. the multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry that refreshes principle based on electric charge according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described balanced electric capacity is identical with the specification of described DC partial voltage electric capacity.
3. the multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry that refreshes principle based on electric charge according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the circuit of described control switch is by adopting four diodes and the high-power isolated gate bipolar transistor that is connected in parallel on described full bridge rectifier centre that full bridge rectifier connects to connect and compose.
4. one kind is refreshed the control method of the multi-electrical level inverter capacitance voltage balancing circuitry of principle based on electric charge as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: by switch-over control signal in turn, control the action of described control switch, described balanced electric capacity is connected with DC partial voltage Capacitance parallel connection described in each in turn within the sampling period.
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CN114640257A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-06-17 | 杭州禾迈电力电子股份有限公司 | Direct current conversion circuit, inverter and inverter midpoint balancing method |
CN114640257B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-09-23 | 杭州禾迈电力电子股份有限公司 | Direct current conversion circuit, inverter and inverter midpoint balancing method |
CN115912957A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-04 | 深圳市拓普泰克技术股份有限公司 | Operating method and device of micro inverter, micro inverter and storage medium |
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