CN103548257A - Method for testing the quality of a photovoltaic solar cell, solar cell module and method for producing a photovoltaic solar cell - Google Patents
Method for testing the quality of a photovoltaic solar cell, solar cell module and method for producing a photovoltaic solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548257A CN103548257A CN201280011409.2A CN201280011409A CN103548257A CN 103548257 A CN103548257 A CN 103548257A CN 201280011409 A CN201280011409 A CN 201280011409A CN 103548257 A CN103548257 A CN 103548257A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006727 cell loss Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- WSGCGMGMFSSTNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1-propan-2-ylpiperidin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1C[N+](C(C)C)(C)CCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 WSGCGMGMFSSTNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing the quality of a photovoltaic solar cell, comprising the method steps of: carrying out a power test in a method step a by applying light to the solar cell and testing, according to a test criterion A, whether at least a predefined electrical minimum power P Min can be tapped off and carrying out a heat generation test in a method step b by applying a predefined heat generation voltage V HE to the solar cell in the reverse direction, or applying voltage to the solar cell in the reverse direction in such a manner that a predefined heat generation current I HE flows, and testing, according to a test criterion B, whether the solar cell surface does not exceed a predefined limit temperature T GR . The important factor is that a breakdown test is additionally carried out in a method step c by applying a predefined breakdown voltage V DB to the solar cell in the reverse direction and testing, according to a test criterion C, whether at least a current greater than or equal to a predefined minimum breakdown current I DB flows when the predefined breakdown voltage is applied. The invention also relates to a use of a photovoltaic solar cell, to a solar cell module and to a method for producing a photovoltaic solar cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of as described in the preamble for photovoltaic solar cell being carried out to the method, a kind of according to the application of the photovoltaic solar cell as described in the preamble of claim 6, a kind of according to the solar module as described in the preamble of claim 7 and a kind of according to the method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell as described in the preamble of claim 10 of quality examination according to claim 1.
Background technology
Photovoltaic solar cell is the semiconductor component of a kind of formula, wherein the electromagnetic radiation by incident produce charge carrier to and then make its separation, thereby between the contact structures of at least two metals of solar cell, form electromotive force and can obtain electrical power from solar cell by being connected external circuit with described contact structures.Charge carrier is separated in pn knot and/or pin and ties and carry out, and described pn knot and/or pin knot for example can be achieved like this, and, carry out the doping of doping type in contrast to this, to form emitter in the silicon substrate of the first basic doping type that is.Be known that equally emitter forms by apply one or more layers on base stage matrix.
In order to convert the electromagnetic radiation of incident to electric energy, use a plurality of modules, these modules comprise a plurality of photovoltaic cells.When packing photovoltaic module into, these solar cells are in series assembled into so-called string conventionally.A module generally includes a plurality of strings.Such module operation, be possible occur following problem:
Definite in the situation that, in service in module, a part of crested of the solar cell comprising, the leaf or other objects that are for example positioned between light source (the normally sun) and solar cell cover.Equally because the operation of the sun also can be due to fixing object, as trees, chimney or analog or temporarily due to clean or attendant, cover because part occurs for the excreta of accumulated snow or dirt, for example bird.
The electric current being produced by solar cell depends primarily on the illumination that corresponding solar cell is loaded.If partially or even wholly crested of a part for the solar cell of a string middle series connection, may there is the reversion of polarity of the solar cell of described crested, because the current strength that these batteries produce is less than the current strength of the solar cell being irradiated completely.As long as the short-circuit current density J of the solar cell of crested in string
sCbe less than the short-circuit current density of the solar cell of not crested, conventionally this reversion will occur.
The solar cell of crested is in this case along oppositely/cut-off direction (Sperrrichtung) operation, in other words, on these solar cells along oppositely applying voltage in the contacting structure at metal, described voltage with at the uncovered structural voltage of contacting that is applied to metal in too can battery, compare and there is contrary polarity.The solar cell of whole all or part of crested is positioned at the current strength of string wherein and also has thus the electrical power that this string produces conventionally can obviously reduce owing to covering; when adopting common, be at least like this when thering is having of standard solar cells and manufacturing the solar module of common modular structure for industry, the string of described solar energy module be series connection and there is respectively a bypass diode.Therefore the whole power of the solar energy module that the electromotive power output of module can reduce crested conventionally in the situation that part is covered in the standard module with bypass diode in string wherein.
Here and in the back conventionally such state is called to negative voltage or along the voltage oppositely applying, in the contacting structure of the metal of solar cell with normal operating voltage reversal apply voltage.Normally (particularly uncovered) operating voltage is commonly referred to positive voltage or along the voltage of forward.
Therefore, according to the structure of module and the type of covering, the voltage on the solar cell of the crested applying can be born, and in solar cell, can consume electric energy (converting heat to mainly due to electric energy) thus.In the solar cell along inverted running, electric energy may cause module damage to the conversion of heat.If conventionally along the electric current of reverse flow be not face formula on whole of solar cell or at least, on the larger face of solar cell, flow, but only on the regional area correspondingly with high current density and strong heat up (so-called " focus ") of solar cell, flow, may occur damaging.Particularly on described focus because large heating solar cell and/or module can be destroyed.
Therefore when manufacturing solar module, bypass diode is set conventionally, described bypass diode is in parallel with crosstalk.Bypass diode adds by the total voltage of the battery of all not cresteds in string of the maximum voltage limit along reverse the voltage being applied on bypass diode.The quantity of the solar cell in string is less, can be just less along the maximum voltage being oppositely applied on the solar cell of crested, thus when covering, part particularly reduced the risk puncturing and the risk that has also reduced power loss.Before connecting the bypass diode pack into, the power loss when part is covered is directly relevant with the quantity of solar cell in string, " is not punctured ", in other words along reverse generation conducting if be applied with the solar cell of the crested of negative voltage.
Conventionally the electric output power of module at least reduces the gross power of the string covering with part when part is covered.In addition, also can occur due to the voltage drop on bypass diode in some cases reducing.The solar cell that string has is fewer, and when string part is covered, the power of module loss is fewer.But always when covering, part there is in principle power loss.
Therefore, even in order also to realize high module efficiency in the situation that module is partly covered, advantageously, and each solar cell electricity bypass diode in parallel, thus in module, there is in theory the string size of a solar cell.Due to high manufacture expend with corresponding high manufacturing cost this and impracticable.
Therefore known, diode forms and correspondingly by this bypass diode, connects the positive pole of metal and the contact of negative pole of solar cell inherently as electronic component independently in solar cell.This solar cell is documented in US5, and 616,185, in WO2010/029180A1 and DE102008043206A1.Here disadvantageously, when manufacturing, solar cell needs more additional method step, especially for form the diffusing step of bypass diode in the semiconductor substrate of solar cell.Correspondingly for this solar cell, caused the manufacturing cost of obvious raising.
Therefore, in the solar module of current industrial manufacture, by standard, form a plurality of bypass diodes, described bypass diode and a plurality of solar cells of connecting (string) parallel connection.On industrial standard, each solar module has three bypass diodes; This means, gang up the solar cell often respectively with the series connection between 20 to 24 for one.Thus, if only have the solar cell of a string partly to be covered at the part approximately 1/3(that power loss is limited in modular power while covering).In addition, along being oppositely applied to the voltage V on solar cell
revbe limited in being to the maximum following and value:
V
rev=Σ V
do not cover solar cell/string+ V
by-pass diode(1)
In other words, be correspondingly the solar array voltage V of the not crested of corresponding string
do not cover solar cell/stringand together with the bypass diode voltage V that is equipped in some cases this string
bypass diodesummation.
In order to sort out solar cell by its possible focus risk, the input setting that module makers is partly used as the current standard under reverse voltage.In other words, solar cell to be installed should not surpass certain current value under definite reverse voltage.Reverse voltage is determined and conventionally by equation (1), is determined according to adopted module frame.Grade scale when therefore the electric current under determining reverse voltage is also the outgoing inspection of a lot of solar cell manufacturing lines.
For the solar cell of being made by polysilicon, when reverse voltage is less than the puncture voltage of the original expection of silicon, there is puncturing of space charge region.In the literature for example, to causing the possible reason of the puncture voltage of this reduction to have detailed discussion (Breitenstein, O., J.Bauer; J. – M.Wagner, N.D.Zakharov, H.Blumtritt; A.Lotnyk, M.Kasemann, W.Kwapil and W.Warta; Defect-induced breakdown in multicrystalline silicon solar cells; IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices*57* (9), p2227-2234 (2010)).If punctured under the voltage that is less than definite negative testing voltage, these solar cells have the electric current of rising and are picked.Prior art is that the puncture voltage in the solar cell that raising is comprised of polysilicon can not puncture solar cell when part is covered in the industrial module that is provided with bypass diode by standard.Here supposition, punctures the focus that can cause in module, the damage risk that described focus improves for module composition.
For example in DE102008043458A1, proposed to improve puncture voltage in solar cell.In this external DE102009034317A1, proposed, in the solar cell of (umg) silicon manufacture of being purified by metallurgy method, improved puncture voltage.
Summary of the invention
Set out thus, the object of the invention is to, widen the scope of the solar cell that can reasonably use economically in solar module, the quality standard of such solar cell is particularly provided, make to reduce solar cell industrial production line percent defective and/or be reduced in the risk that forms focus in solar module, and/or based on a kind of manufacture method for solar cell of the known method for the manufacture of solar cell proposition itself, described method makes the simplification that can avoid occurring focus in module and/or realize modular structure.
Described object by according to claim 1 for photovoltaic solar cell is carried out quality examination method, by according to the photovoltaic solar cell of claim 6 in the application of solar module, by according to the solar module of claim 7 and by realizing according to the manufacture method of the photovoltaic solar module of claim 10.The preferred implementing form that is used for the method for quality examination provides in claim 2 to 5, the preferred implementing form of solar module provides in claim 8 to 9, and the preferred implementing form of the manufacture method of photovoltaic solar cell provides in claim 11 to 14.The original text of each claim is included in this specification by clear and definite quoting thus.
The present invention is based on such cognition of applicant,, be reasonably on the contrary unexpectedly and with existing viewpoint, on purpose select such solar cell, these solar cells have the puncture voltage of reduction, therefore,, before connecting bypass diode by standard, under the condition that these solar cells cover in part, in module, " puncture " (along locking direction conduction).Different from the mode of puncture voltage that improves as far as possible solar cell according to standard, should on purpose reduce puncture voltage.
The described solar cell of on purpose selecting preferably has following characteristic:
Before the bypass diode connection being arranged on by standard in identical string, these solar cells puncture under reverse voltage, in other words, preferably puncture voltage is lower than the value limiting in equation (1), and under the voltage limiting in the summation of the voltage at the best operating point place of the solar cell along not crested that oppositely apply, by string, solar cell electric current of conducting in shade be greater than string not crested solar cell series circuit at the moving electric current of recommended current.
If the common use occasion of solar cell keeps the regular of a plurality of solar cells to cover, advantageously, foregoing puncture voltage is selected littlely, preferably foregoing puncture voltage is multiplied by coefficient 1/n
ab, n wherein
abprovide a string in typical application scenario and when occurring covering the quantity of the solar cell of common crested, when it is masked, in use should avoid power loss according to the rules.Preferably in this case, and in following situation, in use also to the quantity n of major general's such solar cell in string
abas quantity n
ab.
Below all the time with such implication coefficient of utilization n
ab, in other words according to definition above and according at least n that meets described standard in string
abthe advantageous applications of individual solar cell.
Solar cell does not have obvious shunt or other impacts on positive tropism's energy.When solar cell provides the minimum electrical power of regulation under standard test condition, this standard is met conventionally.
Described solar cell can not cause focus, because puncture, is temperature that face formula distributes and that can not cause serious part to raise.
If only use this solar cell for module, at a solar cell, partly covered whole power of Shi Buhui loss string, but only loss provides the power of the required solar cell of the puncture voltage of solar cell of crested.Therefore when indivedual solar cells are partly covered, power loss is less.Because generally originally just cannot reach the activation voltage of the bypass diode of installing according to standard, therefore also can save bypass diode.
By puncturing the distribution of the face formula on whole battery face, the part of the solar cell of selecting is not covered and can be caused the focus in module.Therefore the present invention has also overcome such prejudice, that is, the solar cell under the reverse voltage in the scope of the activation voltage at bypass diode of determining with the reverse current of raising must be sorted out.Particularly overcome such prejudice, in polysilicon solar cell, will avoid puncturing, but puncture on the contrary in part the power output while covering play a part favourable, and can be because focus damages module.
In a first aspect of the present invention, propose a kind of for photovoltaic solar cell being carried out to the method for quality examination.Described method comprises following methods step:
A. carry out power test, its mode is that the light of using up, preferably have the spectrum of predetermining and/or the intensity of predetermining loads solar cell, and according to check criteria A checks whether can at least obtain the minimum electrical power P of predetermining
min,
B. carry out heating test, its mode is, with the heating voltage V of regulation
hEalong oppositely solar cell being loaded or the reverse on-load voltage in the such edge of solar cell, make the heating current I of regulation
hEflow through, and check according to check criteria B, whether solar cell surface does not surpass the limiting temperature T of regulation
gR, or according to theoretical forecast model, when adjusting heat balance, do not surpass the limiting temperature of regulation.
These method steps or check criteria A and B are known by the selection of solar cell in industrialization is manufactured.Particularly check criteria A is commonly referred to " classification again " or the graduation when solar cell manufacture finishes.Common inspection standard STC(25 ℃/1 solar illumination) under, carry out.
Here by known mode own, select minimum electrical power P
min.Particularly within the scope of the invention, be defined in the average power of current solar cell types under reference condition or utilize manufacture average power that such processing line realizes 50%, preferably 75%, more preferably 90% as P
min.
Importantly, additionally in method step c, carry out and puncture test, its mode is to utilize the puncture voltage V predetermining
dBalong in the other direction solar cell being loaded, and check according to check criteria C, when the puncture voltage with predetermining loads, whether have at least one to be more than or equal to the minimum breakdown current I predetermining
dBelectric current flow through.Puncture voltage V
dBconventionally according to value definite in equation (1), determine and the definite value in equation (1) of explanation below divided by n
ab.Puncture voltage V
dBcommon value is during for 24 batteries of the situation of standard silicon solar cell (AL-BSF manufacturing for the standard technology of commercial Application) each string of be approximately-15V(), during 20 batteries of each string of be approximately-12V() or-10V
For puncture voltage V
dBthe described check criteria of preferred selection based on a kind of so common occasion, wherein, in multiple situation, only have a solar cell crested.If situation that on the contrary must be based on such, conventionally by two or more solar cell cresteds, preferably selects to have numerically the puncture voltage V of the little value of comparing with specified value before
dB.In a preferred form of implementation, foregoing value is divided by the quantity of the solar cell of common crested.If the therefore quantity n of the solar cell of common crested when occurring covering
ab, or based in a string the quantity of obvious under powered solar cell, puncture voltage V not occurring according to the rules when its crested
dBconventionally according to the value of definition in equation (1), determine.Described value is divided by n
ab: V
rEV/ n
ab.Correspondingly in standard silicon solar cell, obtaining common value is-15V/n
ab(when each string has 24 solar cells), approximately-12V/n
ab(when each string has 20 solar cells) or-10V/n
ab.
Here also having within the scope of the invention, adopts equivalent standard puncturing aspect test, for example, when asking the puncture voltage of predetermining, obtains, and solar cell has reached current limitation under less voltage.Owing to will guaranteeing equally, the actual puncture voltage of solar cell is less than the puncture voltage of predetermining.Check criteria C ' is equivalent thus, and whether its mode is to check and when to the reverse on-load voltage in solar cell edge, at voltage, be less than and be defined as maximum puncture voltage V
dB, maxtime had a minimum breakdown current I predetermining
dBflow through.This electric current preferably depends on the IMPP of module.
Therefore, the method for quality examination according to the present invention is different from existing viewpoint has such check criteria,, has low puncture voltage that is, in other words, and the puncture voltage V predetermining
dBunder, the minimum breakdown current I that has at least one to predetermine
dBflow through or exist therewith the standard of equivalence.
Therefore the quality examination of carrying out according to the method for quality examination according to the present invention particularly relates to such solar cell, and this solar cell is all picked and is not particularly used in the photovoltaic module with standard compliant bypass diode circuit as " waste product " so far.But the cognition based on applicant, unexpectedly particularly this solar cell can advantageously be used in solar module, as previously described, by the method according to this invention, provide a kind of quality examination, described quality examination obviously reduced manufacture of solar cells line percent defective and/or part while covering with the manufacture of the risk realize solar module of the formation focus that obviously reduces and/or realized the production of more economic photovoltaic module and/or realized new modular design owing to having saved bypass diode, this design is not limited by the largest battery quantity of each string.
In addition, according to the method for quality examination of the present invention, also relate to such solar cell, described solar cell is so far because lower puncture voltage is considered to unhelpful.The solar cell that this is particularly related to the solar cell made by umg silicon materials and/or particularly has the basic doping higher than current standard when the polycrystalline silicon wafer using for the manufacture of solar cell.
Therefore,, preferably in the method for quality examination according to the present invention, in the situation that at least check criteria A and B and C set up, to solar cell, set quality standard I.
Therefore and noted earlierly equally saved bypass diode, realized the power stage improving in solar module and/or realized novel modular design when partly covering the solar cell that this quality standard I newly providing is provided, described design is not limited by the largest battery quantity of each string, and/or make to use and be counted as so far disabled material, umg silicon for example, or be counted as so far high wastefully basic doping, particularly when solar cell is made by polysilicon.
If mainly should improve the productivity ratio for the manufacture of the production line of solar cell, advantageously, according to so far effectively standard operable solar cell additionally can for according to quality standard I, for the manufacture of the solar cell of solar module.
Preferably in the method for quality examination according to the present invention, during at least one in two conditions below meeting, to solar cell, set quality standard II:
At least check criteria A and B and C(quality standard I) set up,
At least check criteria A and B set up and check criteria D establishment, wherein in method step d, carry out and do not puncture test, and its mode is, along the reverse not puncture voltage V with predetermining
nDBsolar cell is loaded, and according to check criteria D, check the not puncture voltage V predetermining described in use
nDBduring loading, whether have and be less than or equal to the maximum current I predetermining
nDBcurrent flowing.
Therefore quality standard II comprises such solar cell, and described solar cell also has allowed to be used to solar module according to the foregoing standard for quality examination.Standard D is commonly called " reverse current standard " in industry manufacture.This concept is in daily use, but misleading, because be not to flow along " oppositely " according to inspection condition electric current in standard D, but flows along the direction identical with photoelectric current.
But quality standard II additionally also comprises as mentioned above according to the solar cell of quality standard I, thereby compare with the quality examination of carrying out so far, be used as the solar cell that waste product sorts out less, and therefore when manufacturing solar cell, improved the productivity ratio of production line.If when manufacture has the solar module of solar cell of quality standard II, in a string, at least one solar cell meets second condition, it is exactly reasonably that bypass diode is set in the known manner on this string, to avoid when described solar cell crested occurring that focus emerges and the power loss of the raising of module.
Preferably, in the method for quality examination according to the present invention, solar cell is set for for being arranged on a solar module, and in described solar module, each solar cell in string is respectively with the quantity n of solar cell
starrange.Here each solar cell is preferably selected like this, makes minimum breakdown current I in method step c
dBbe chosen to be more than or equal to, preferably equal solar module at the electric current at the best operating point place of solar module, and/or puncture voltage V
dBon numerical value (absolute value), be chosen to be less than or equal to, preferably equal the voltage V at the solar cell of the not crested of the best operating point place of solar module string
mppand, preferably select foregoing value divided by n
ab.Optimized thus boundary/border of check criteria C.Particularly solar cell is preferably selected like this, makes oppositely on solar cell, to apply when edge the voltage V that is formed in the best operating point place that remains solar cell in string
mppand voltage V
dB'time, preferably on edge, oppositely on a solar cell, apply voltage V
dB'/ n
abtime, have at least such electric current to flow through, described electric current equals to state in best operating point place the electric current I of string
mpp.The standard of an optional equivalence is, foregoing electric current I
mppwhile oppositely loading such voltage to solar cell on edge, flow through, described voltage is less than or equal to foregoing voltage V
mppand, described voltage is preferably less than or equal to foregoing voltage V
mppand divided by n
ab.
In addition advantageously, in method step b by limiting temperature T
gRbe chosen to be less than 300 ℃, preferably in the scope of 100 ℃ to 250 ℃, more preferably the scope of 130 ℃ to 180 ℃.The damage of the solar module causing due to temperature action of avoiding in common solar module thus.
Applicant's foregoing cognition has also overcome the prejudice existing so far, and the solar cell that puncture voltage is lower should be picked as waste product.Therefore another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of application of photovoltaic solar cell in solar module, and described solar cell at least meets according to the check criteria C of claim 1, preferably meets according to the check criteria A of claim 1 and C, more preferably meets according to the quality standard I of claim 2.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of solar module, the photovoltaic solar cell that comprises a plurality of mutual electrical connections, described solar module only includes such solar cell, and described solar cell meets according to the quality standard I of claim 2 and/or according to the quality standard II of claim 3.Such solar cell has advantages of such, at least when according to the solar cell crested of quality standard I, compares the less power of generation with formerly known solar module and declines.
Each solar cell is preferably arranged in string and at least one string of solar module only includes such solar cell, and described solar cell meets according to the quality standard I of claim 2.In described string, when part is covered, compare thus the less power of generation with formerly known solar module and decline, and at least for described string, can abandon using bypass diode.Therefore particularly advantageously, set bypass diode to described string.Thus, in module manufacture, provide cost savings.
In this application, " string " of conceptual module is the same with normal conditions to be defined, and in other words, conventionally sets each solar cell to a bypass diode at the conceptive string that is referred to as.If the solar cell of a subset of the solar cell of module is connected mutually, and this subset do not set bypass diode, like this Subset, can be called string yet.If all solar cells of module are connected mutually and this module does not comprise bypass diode, this module only has a string, and this string is equipped with whole (series connection) solar cell of this module.
According in another preferred form of implementation of solar module of the present invention, all solar cells of this module meet according to the quality standard I of claim 2.Therefore,, in this favourable form of implementation, whole solar module all has foregoing advantage.Therefore particularly advantageously, described solar module does not have the bypass diode being electrically connected to each solar cell or meets as mentioned above the standard of equivalence therewith.Here particularly advantageously, there is not the necessity that the solar cell of module is arranged by traditional string.All solar cells of preferred described module are electricity series connection, thereby for the not restriction of novel modular design.
Therefore, the present invention allows to set up such solar module, wherein with respect to formerly known modular structure form, can save bypass diode, arranges and can abandon using bypass diode completely.Due to less puncture voltage, according in the solar energy module of instruction of the present invention, avoided all the time due to high local current and correspondingly high local pyrexia (so-called focus) there is the damage of module.In addition, avoided under normal conditions occurring power loss when part is covered.Therefore belong to scope of the present invention, according to the solar cell of instruction of the present invention and bypass diode set resultant string, to realize as far as possible little power loss for the common predetermined occasion of covering.But particularly advantageously, a plurality of solar cells or preferred all solar cells of string form according to instruction of the present invention, even if to also realized as far as possible little power loss in the situation that not using bypass diode when part is covered a plurality of solar cell.
As previously described, applicant's the cognition as basis of the present invention has overcome such prejudice, that is, have compared with the solar cell of low breakdown voltage and should be picked as waste product.On the contrary even advantageously, in solar module, use particularly according to the solar cell of quality standard I, because improved power income and reduced the risk that forms focus when part is covered.Therefore, in another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell has been proposed, comprise: at least one base region with basic doping content and at least one emitter region are provided, make to form pn knot and/or pin knot between base region and emitter region.Importantly, select at least so basic doping content, solar cell is met according to the quality standard I of claim 2.
Therefore by adaptive and by suitably selecting at least described basic doping content, can in common formerly known solar battery structure, change the electrical characteristics of solar cell, make solar cell meet quality standard I.This is achieved like this conventionally, by a kind of known solar battery structure own, is set out, and improves so basic doping content, makes to meet quality standard I.This, at silicon solar cell and here particularly at so-called " bulk " solar cell, is particularly favourable in the solar cell based on silicon substrate manufacture.
Applicant's research shows, particularly based on take polycrystalline silicon wafer in the solar cell of basic semiconductor substrate, method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell according to the present invention is favourable, because particularly can select like this raising amount of basic doping content in polysilicon and common formerly known solar battery structure, make solar cell meet quality standard I.
In addition applicant's research also shows, particularly for the application of the method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell according to the present invention, it is suitable using umg silicon, even if because meet quality standard I for this material by suitably selecting basic doping content also can realize.
Therefore, according to the manufacture method of photovoltaic solar cell of the present invention, preferably according to a kind of known method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell own, design, wherein at least base stage is compared and is configured with higher basic doping content with described formerly known method, makes solar cell meet quality standard I.
Preferably select so basic doping, make base stage described in claim 14, there is the basic resistance of <0.8Ohmcm, preferred <0.7Ohmcm, more preferred <0.5Ohmcm.
Foregoing value is particularly favourable when solar cell forms based on polycrystalline silicon wafer.
Claims (14)
1. for photovoltaic solar cell being carried out to a method for quality examination, comprise following methods step:
A. carry out power test, its mode is to use up solar cell is loaded, and according to check criteria A check whether at least to extract the minimum electrical power P of predetermining
min,
B. carry out heating test, its mode is, with the heating voltage V predetermining
hEalong oppositely solar cell being loaded or along oppositely like this solar cell being loaded with voltage, making by the heating current I predetermining
hEflow through, and check according to check criteria B, whether solar cell surface does not have to surpass the limiting temperature T predetermining
gRor according to theoretical forecast model, when being set, heat balance do not surpass described limiting temperature,
It is characterized in that,
Additionally in method step c, carry out and puncture test, its mode is to utilize the puncture voltage V of regulation
dBalong in the other direction solar cell being loaded, and check according to check criteria C, when the puncture voltage by regulation loads, whether have at least one to be more than or equal to the minimum breakdown current I predetermining
dBelectric current flow through, and/or whether check and at voltage, to be less than and to be defined as maximum puncture voltage V during along reverse on-load voltage to solar cell
dB, maxtime had a minimum breakdown current I predetermining
dBflow through.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the situation that at least check criteria A and B and C set up, to solar cell, sets quality standard I.
3. according to the method one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, during at least one in two conditions below meeting, to solar cell, set quality standard II:
At least check criteria A and B and C set up,
At least check criteria A and B set up and check criteria D establishment, wherein in method step d, carry out and do not puncture test, and its mode is, along the reverse not puncture voltage V with predetermining
nDBsolar cell is loaded, and according to check criteria D, check the not puncture voltage V predetermining described in use
nDBduring loading, have and be less than or equal to the maximum current I predetermining
nDBcurrent flowing.
4. according to the method one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, solar cell is set for for being arranged on solar module, and in described solar module, each solar cell in string is respectively with the quantity n of solar cell
starrange, and in method step c minimum breakdown current I
dBbe chosen to be more than or equal to, preferably equal solar module at the electric current at the best operating point place of solar module,
And/or
Puncture voltage V
dBnumerically be chosen to be less than or equal to, preferably equal the voltage V at the solar cell of the not crested of solar cell best operating point place string separately
mppand, preferably, puncture voltage V
dBnumerically be chosen to be less than or equal to, preferably equal the voltage V at the solar cell of the not crested of solar cell best operating point place string separately
mppand be multiplied by coefficient 1/n
ab, n wherein
abbe given in the quantity of the solar cell of the common crested of string in common application and when occurring covering or provide quantity in string, should avoid emergent power solar cell loss, crested when its crested when using in accordance with regulations.
5. according to the method one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in method step b by limiting temperature T
gRbe chosen to be less than 300 ℃, preferably in the scope of 100 ℃ to 250 ℃, more preferably the scope of 130 ℃ to 180 ℃.
6. the application of photovoltaic solar cell in solar module, described solar cell at least meets according to the check criteria C of claim 1, preferably meets according to the check criteria A of claim 1 and C, more preferably meets according to the quality standard I of claim 2.
7. a solar module, the photovoltaic solar cell that comprises a plurality of mutual electrical connections, it is characterized in that, described solar module only includes such solar cell, and described solar cell meets according to the quality standard I of claim 2 and/or according to the quality standard II of claim 3.
8. solar module according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, each solar cell is preferably arranged in string and at least one string of solar module only includes such solar cell, described solar cell meets according to the quality standard I of claim 2, and described string does not preferably set bypass diode.
9. according to the solar module described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, all solar cells of module meet according to the quality standard I of claim 2, and preferred described solar module does not have the bypass diode being electrically connected to each solar cell.
10. the method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell, comprise: at least one base region with basic doping content and at least one emitter region are provided, make to form pn knot and/or pin knot between base region and emitter region, it is characterized in that, select so basic doping content, solar cell is met according to the quality standard I of claim 2.
11. methods according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, in described manufacture method principle, according to a kind of known method for the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cell design itself, wherein at least base stage is compared and is configured with higher basic doping content with described formerly known method.
12. according to the method described in claim 10 or 11, it is characterized in that, at least base stage forms in silicon substrate, and preferably base stage and emitter form in silicon substrate.
13. methods according to claim 12, is characterized in that, described silicon substrate is polycrystalline silicon wafer.
14. methods according to claim 13, is characterized in that, basic doping is configured to be less than 0.8Ohmcm, is preferably less than 0.7Ohmcm, is more preferably less than 0.5Ohmcm.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011012868.9 | 2011-03-02 | ||
| DE102011012868 | 2011-03-02 | ||
| DE102011112100.9 | 2011-09-02 | ||
| DE102011112100A DE102011112100A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2011-09-02 | Method for testing the quality of a photovoltaic solar cell, solar cell module and method for producing a photovoltaic solar cell |
| PCT/EP2012/053671 WO2012117105A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-03-02 | Method for testing the quality of a photovoltaic solar cell, solar cell module and method for producing a photovoltaic solar cell |
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| CN103548257A true CN103548257A (en) | 2014-01-29 |
| CN103548257B CN103548257B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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| CN201280011409.2A Active CN103548257B (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-03-02 | For photovoltaic solar cell being carried out the method for quality examination, solar module and for the method manufacturing photovoltaic solar cell |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2681573B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103548257B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102011112100A1 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20160961T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012117105A1 (en) |
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| CN105406819A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-16 | 常州天合光能有限公司 | Reverse breakdown performance testing method for solar cell |
| CN107846193A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of performance test methods of solar cell reverse breakdown three phases |
| CN108333495A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-27 | 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 | A kind of bypass diode working state detecting method of photovoltaic component terminal box |
| RU2803315C1 (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Удмуртский государственный университет" | Method of compiling solar module from photovoltaic converters |
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| CN102508143A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-06-20 | 常州天合光能有限公司 | Reliability test method for photovoltaic component |
| CN105141256B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-10-27 | 浙江艾能聚光伏科技股份有限公司 | A kind of solar battery sheet tests apparatus test device |
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| EP3182582B1 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2019-02-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and device for testing solar cells or solar modules for ageing resistance |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105406819A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-16 | 常州天合光能有限公司 | Reverse breakdown performance testing method for solar cell |
| CN105406819B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-03-20 | 天合光能股份有限公司 | The performance test methods of solar cell reverse breakdown |
| CN107846193A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of performance test methods of solar cell reverse breakdown three phases |
| CN108333495A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-27 | 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 | A kind of bypass diode working state detecting method of photovoltaic component terminal box |
| CN108333495B (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2020-11-03 | 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 | Method for detecting working state of bypass diode of photovoltaic module junction box |
| RU2803315C1 (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Удмуртский государственный университет" | Method of compiling solar module from photovoltaic converters |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012117105A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 |
| EP2681573A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
| HRP20160961T1 (en) | 2016-10-07 |
| EP2681573B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| CN103548257B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
| DE102011112100A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
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