CN103477544B - Common-mode filter device - Google Patents

Common-mode filter device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103477544B
CN103477544B CN201280017633.2A CN201280017633A CN103477544B CN 103477544 B CN103477544 B CN 103477544B CN 201280017633 A CN201280017633 A CN 201280017633A CN 103477544 B CN103477544 B CN 103477544B
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China
Prior art keywords
common
mode
filter device
current
mode filter
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Active
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CN201280017633.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103477544A (en
Inventor
西蒙·罗伯特·沃尔
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Kerry J Investments Pty Ltd
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Kerry J Investments Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2011900474A external-priority patent/AU2011900474A0/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/06—Broad-band transformers, e.g. suitable for handling frequencies well down into the audio range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F2017/0093—Common mode choke coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/42—Balance/unbalance networks
    • H03H7/425—Balance-balance networks
    • H03H7/427—Common-mode filters

Abstract

The common-mode filter device that a kind of many aspects for being used for the electrical power conversion to the external source from such as solar panels carried out by electric power converter to another external circuit are adjusted, wherein, the common-mode filter device significantly decayed electric power converter switching frequency plus the common-mode voltage at harmonic wave, and wherein, common-mode filter device has is connected in series to support the common mode voltage difference between electric power converter port and common mode current is controlled into the common-mode filter in acceptable level with electric power converter.Electric power converter can be to be single-phase, but preferably multiphase.

Description

Common-mode filter device
Technical field
It is used for the device of electric power converter and inverter system the present invention relates to a kind of use active common mode filter.Tool Body, it is used for the present invention relates to a kind of to many aspects from electrical power conversion of the external source of such as solar panels to utility network The common-mode filter device being adjusted, but the invention is not restricted to this.
Background technology
Electric power converter is used to the transfer electrical power between circuit.Each circuit is connected to the different electric power of electric power converter Port.Each electricity port has at least two power conductors.Power port voltage is by differential mode (DM) voltage and common mode (CM) electricity Pressure is characterized.DM voltages are the electrical potential differences between paired power conductor.CM voltages are all power conductors and such as (the earth) Average potential difference between reference potential.Similarly, power port current is characterized by DM electric currents and CM electric currents.DM electric currents are paired The difference between electric current in power conductor.CM electric currents are the electric current sums on all power conductors.
In whole following initialism used in this document：
CM common modes
DM differential modes
EMI electromagnetic interferences
PWM pulse width modulations
The uninterrupted supplies of electric power of UPS
VSI voltage source inverters
In good electric power converter is designed, flow of power is mainly via specified power conductor.Therefore, CM electric currents are small , and flow of power at electricity port mainly determines by DM voltages and DM electric currents.When selecting power converter topologies, DM electricity Pressure and DM current characteristics are main considerations.CM voltages and CM current characteristics are typically secondary.For electric power converter, close Key performance measurement includes work DM voltage ranges, power conversion efficiency, installation cost, size and quality.
The electric power converter of many optimum performances has systematic CM voltages between electricity port.For example, three-phase voltage Source inventer (VSI) be between DC and AC electricity ports the DC with notable CM voltage differences to AC switch-mode-type electrical power conversions Device.Referring to the exemplary VSI circuits in Fig. 1.CM voltages include DC components, the harmonic wave of AC port frequencies and VSI switching frequencies Harmonic wave.Referring to the exemplary VSI CM voltage waveforms in Fig. 2.(switched flat referring to the low frequency of the VSI CM voltage waveforms in Fig. 3 ) the typical graphics of component.
Efficient inverter is desired but cost must be reasonable.Current VSI has high efficiency and low cost, but when itself and light Volt power supply CM voltages related when being used together produce unacceptable high earth-current.Therefore it provides low cost and and photovoltaic electric With the efficient electrical power converter of low land current work it is beneficial when source is used together.
In many applications using VSI, the external circuit impedance between electricity port is high, thus CM voltage differences are only Produce small CM electric currents.For example, most of variable speed electric motors, particularly drivings use three-phase VSI.It is exhausted that CM voltage differences are applied in machine winding In edge layer, this typically falls in specific type.Insulating barrier is characterized by the small capacitances of (the earth) over the ground.The AC components of CM voltages are exhausted Small CM electric currents are produced in edge electric capacity, this is typically permissible.
In some applications, the electric capacity to ground is significant, for example, being connected to the solar energy power generating of AC utility networks System.Electric power converter with the CM voltage differences at switching frequency harmonic typically produces the CM electricity of unacceptable level Stream.For big photovoltaic system, the electric power converter with the CM voltage differences at utility network frequency harmonic is also possible to production The CM electric currents of raw unacceptable level.For such as double conversions can not uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system other application, defeated Enter the Low ESR external circuit existed between output power port for CM electric currents.In the case, it is any significant CM voltages will cause the CM electric currents of unacceptable level.
Include for the prior art with the application of CM circuits outside highland impedance or Low ESR：
● the power converter topologies with low CM voltages or zero CM voltages.This is generally with the performance example of other critical aspects If DM voltage ranges, power conversion efficiency, installation cost, size and quality are cost.
● the power converter topologies with notable CM voltages being used in combination with isolating transformer.Transformer reduces electric power Conversion efficiency simultaneously increases installation cost, size and quality.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to a kind of improved common-mode filter device is provided, the improved common-mode filter dress Put and overcome or at least significantly improve one or more problems of the prior art.
The content of the invention
Therefore, in one form, the invention provides it is a kind of be used for by electric power converter carry out from such as sun The common-mode filter device that the external source of energy plate is adjusted to many aspects of the electrical power conversion of another external circuit, wherein, Common-mode filter device significantly decayed electric power converter switching frequency plus the common-mode voltage at harmonic wave, and wherein, Common-mode filter device has to be connected in series to support the common mode voltage difference between electric power converter port simultaneously with electric power converter And common mode current is controlled into the common-mode filter in acceptable level.Electric power converter can be single-phase.
Preferably, electric power converter is multiphase.Therefore, it is used for according to the present invention there is provided one kind to from such as solar energy The common-mode filter device that the external source of plate is adjusted to many aspects of the electrical power conversion of the AC systems of such as utility network, Wherein, common mode (CM) filter apparatus has significantly decayed AC systems fundamental frequency plus electricity at harmonic wave and associated The switching frequency of force transducer is plus the CM voltages at harmonic wave.
CM filter apparatus may include that active filter is configured.
CM filter apparatus may include that passive filter is configured.
The active filter or passive filter of CM filter apparatus can have the CM transformations containing multiple armature windings Device.Armature winding is all with the equal number of turn.Armature winding and each power terminal of electricity port are connected in series.
Active C M wave filters may also include secondary windings.
In one form, active C M wave filters may include that the control of controlled voltage source can be connected to via inductive impedance Power supply.
CM filter apparatus may include at secondary windings and in the switching frequency of associated electric power converter Inductive impedance in the range of the 25% to 200% of the CM static exciter inductance that place is measured.
It is used in series to support electric power converter end with electric power converter there is provided treating according to a kind of form of the present invention Mouthful between CM voltage differences and by CM current controls acceptable level active filter.
Active filter can be using the CM electric currents measured in real time, and are provided with CM current return paths and impedance to CM The real-time control of electric current.
Active filter can be active electrical source, and the active electrical source is the string with the secondary windings for being coupled to CM transformers Join the controllable voltage source of impedance.
Series impedance can be mainly inductive impedance.
What inductive impedance was at secondary windings and measured at the switching frequency of associated electric power converter In the range of the 25% to 200% of CM static exciter inductance.
In a kind of preferred form, controllable voltage source is the full-bridge with pulse width modulation (PWM).However, controllable electric Potential source can be the half-bridge with PWM.
Controllable voltage source PWM cycle can be synchronous with the switch transformation of associated electric power converter.
Preferably, CM transformers are with the 0.1H measured at armature winding and at utility network frequency to 10H models Enclose interior magnetizing inductance.This can be realized with the CM transformers with the core being made up of amorphous metal (glassy metal).
In a kind of form of the present invention, common-mode filter device is used for the electric power for being used to the transfer electrical power between circuit Converter, wherein different electricity ports and each electricity port that each circuit is connected to electric power converter have at least two Power conductor, wherein power port voltage are characterized by differential mode (DM) voltage and common mode (CM) voltage, wherein, DM voltages are paired electricity Electrical potential difference between power conductor, and CM voltages are the average electricity between all power conductors and such as the reference potential of (the earth) Potential difference, and power port current characterizes by DM electric currents and CM electric currents, wherein DM electric currents be electric current in paired power conductor it Between difference, and CM electric currents are to flow back into electric power via the another external circuit comprising reference potential conductor on all power conductors Electric current sum in one or more of the other electricity port of converter；
Wherein, common-mode filter device includes used in series to limit and control electricity with the electricity port of electric power converter The active filter of the AC components of the common mode current of power port.
And wherein, the common mode current at measurement electricity port, and limit using feedback controller and control common mode electric The AC components of stream are to adjust controlled voltage source.
A kind of method of solution CM inductor saturation problems decays using to switching frequency and low frequency CM voltages CM wave filters.This also contributes to limit low frequency CM electric currents.Have the disadvantage the passive CM wave filters increase for low frequency CM voltages of decaying Notable cost, size and the quality of electric power converter.Also it is difficult to set and prevents the effective damping of resonance and CM voltage overshoot.This A little limitations can use active C M wave filters to overcome.
Most of prior art application for active C M wave filters has been restricted to the performance increased in electromagnetic interface filter. Electromagnetic interface filter application in, CM voltages it is smaller relative to DM voltages and only in high frequency (typically>By significantly under 100kHZ) Decay.It is low that the design limitations of these systems prevent it from being scaled up to such as capacitive couplings and/or based on the control of voltage Frequency CM voltages or the CM voltages with being in the level of signifiance compared with DM voltages.
Had been provided for pair and DM voltages for other prior art applications of the active C M wave filters in variable speed electric motors, particularly driving The decay carried out compared to the switching frequency CM voltages in the level of signifiance.Due to the design limitations such as control based on voltage, These systems can not be scaled up to low frequency CM voltages.
The active filter of common-mode filter device can have the transformer containing secondary windings and multiple armature windings. Armature winding is all with the equal number of turn.Armature winding and each power terminal of electricity port are connected in series.Secondary windings Controlled voltage source is connected to via impedance.
Can be in the case of no isolating transformer the invention enables the electric power converter of optimum performance such as standard VSI Outside with highland electric capacity or Low ESR in the application of CM circuits.For example, photovoltaic is applied and double conversions are uninterrupted Supply of electric power.
The present invention is implemented even when switching frequency and low frequency CM voltages notable compared with differential mode voltage also to switching frequency The active filter decayed with low frequency CM voltages.
Active C M wave filters can have the transformer containing secondary windings and multiple armature windings.Armature winding all has There is the equal number of turn.Armature winding and each power supply terminal of the electricity port attached by CM wave filters are connected in series.It is secondary Winding is connected to Active control voltage source.
In one embodiment, Active control voltage source is the controlled voltage source with series electrical emotional resistance.
In one form, the CM electric currents at electricity port can be measured.CM electricity is limited and controlled using feedback controller The AC components of stream are to adjust Active control power supply.
In other embodiments, the estimation or measurement of the CM voltages at electric power converter electricity port are also used to To the feedforward control of Active control power supply.This can reduce the CM electricity at the frequency on the bandwidth of closed loop CM current controllers The AC components of stream.For example, at electric power converter switching frequency harmonic.
In other embodiments, CM filters are obtained by the suitable closed-loop dynamic characteristic in CM Current Feedback Control devices The active damping of ripple device response.
The CM electric currents of the output from CM transformers are returned into electrical power conversion there is provided circuit in some embodiments One or more of the other electricity port of device.
In a typical case, the circuit will include at least one series capacitive impedance.
In other embodiments, the CM electric currents of the output from CM transformers via such as insulate electric capacity external circuit Return to other electricity ports of electric power converter.
Except Active control force most of CM transformer magnetizing currents in secondary controling winding rather than primary around Beyond being flowed in group, disclosed active filter is operated in the work for being conceptually similar to passive CM wave filters.This method Make the effective impedance of passive CM transformer of the effective impedance far above equal size, choke coil or the inductor of CM transformers.Phase Than in passive CM wave filters, this reduce cost, size and the quality of disclosed active C M wave filters.
Conceptually, CM wave filters can also be added in series with electric power converter to support between electric power converter port CM voltage differences and by CM current controls in acceptable level.Using this method, high-performance electric force transducer such as VSI can be with Outside with highland electric capacity or Low ESR in the application of CM circuits.CM wave filters can be passive or active type.
In the prior art, usually using the passive CM filtering connected with one or more electricity ports of electric power converter Device reduces the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of conduction.In this application, CM voltages are smaller compared with DM voltages and only in high frequency (typical case Ground>It is significantly attenuated under 100kHZ).
Also exist and be designed to even when the switching frequency component of CM voltages is notable compared with DM voltages to CM voltages Some passive CM wave filters that switching frequency component is decayed.The main application of these wave filters is in variable speed electric motors, particularly driving In, but they are not widely used.It is difficult to extend to the use of switching frequency CM wave filters with highland electric capacity or low-resistance The application of anti-outside CM circuits.Particular problem is as the CM filter inductor saturations caused by low frequency CM electric currents.One kind is solved The method of CM inductor saturation problems is using the CM wave filters decayed to switching frequency and low frequency CM voltages.
It is used for present invention also offers a kind of outside with highland electric capacity or Low ESR in the application of CM circuits to from all The method that external source such as solar panels is adjusted to many aspects of the electrical power conversion of utility network, comprises the following steps：
Active C M filter apparatus is connected in series between external source power circuit and electric power converter；
Measure the CM electric currents at the input of CM wave filters or output；
Active CM electric currents are provided based on measured CM electric currents to return,
Thus, electric power converter the CM voltage differences between electric power converter port is adjusted and by CM current controls In acceptable level.
Active filter can be using the CM electric currents measured in real time, and are provided with CM current return paths and impedance to CM The real-time control of electric current.The function of active filter is used for the AC components for limiting and controlling the CM electric currents at electricity port.
Active filter may include the transformer with secondary windings and multiple armature windings.Each armature winding has phase Deng the number of turn.Armature winding and each power terminal of electricity port are connected in series.Secondary windings is connected to active electrical source.
Active filter utilizes the measurement related to the CM electric currents at electricity port.Active filter is surveyed including the use of described The feedback of amount is to control active electrical source to cause controlling organization that the CM electric currents of port are controlled or limited.
Active filter can utilize the extra measurement or estimation of the CM voltages to the armature winding support by CM transformers.
Controlling organization can use the feedforward of CM voltage measurements or estimation to control active electrical source to cause the CM of port Electric current reduces.
In another form, controlling organization is using CM voltage measurements or estimates to control active electrical source to provide CM filtering The active damping of device.
In the still yet another form of the present invention, the active filter connected with electric power converter may include and AC electricity port strings The DC blocking condensers of connection so that limited by series capacitor and controlled the flowing of DC CM electric currents and by active C M wave filters Limitation and the flowing of control AC CM electric currents.
Brief description of the drawings
The preferred embodiment of the present invention only is described as explanation now with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of exemplary voltages source inventer (VSI) circuit；
Fig. 2 is the common-mode voltage figure in DC electric power port of exemplary voltages source inventer (VSI) circuit；
Fig. 3 is the common-mode voltage figure in DC electric power port of exemplary voltages source inventer (VSI) circuit, the common mode electricity Pressing element has in each switch periods TsThe value being inside averaged；
Fig. 4 is the schematic work block diagram of common-mode filter device according to the first embodiment of the invention and system；
Fig. 5 using common mode active filter, common-mode filter device second embodiment of the invention and The circuit diagram of exemplary voltages source inventer (VSI) circuit of system；
Fig. 6 be common-mode filter device with active common mode filter, according to third embodiment of the present invention and The schematic circuit of the controller of system；
Fig. 7 is with common-mode voltage feedforward control, according to the common-mode filter device of the 4th embodiment of the invention With the schematic circuit of the controller of system；
Fig. 8 is with active damping and common-mode voltage feedforward control, the common mode according to the 5th embodiment of the invention The schematic circuit of filter apparatus and the controller of system；
Fig. 9 be with Active control power supply, according to the present invention the 6th embodiment common-mode filter device and be The circuit diagram of the controller of system；
Figure 10 is with the combined type active common mode filter for being used for the AC components for controlling common mode current and for obstructing altogether The common-mode filter device and system of the 7th embodiment series capacitor, according to the present invention of the DC components of mould electric current The schematic circuit of controller；
Figure 11 is with the common-mode voltage feedforward having for common mode control electric current for output common mode electric current and voltage With inner ring it is controller, according to the present invention the 8th embodiment common-mode filter device and system controller signal Property circuit diagram；
Figure 12 is the 9th embodiment controller, according to the present invention with the function measured using CM electric currents The schematic circuit of the controller of common-mode filter device and system；
Figure 13 is with passive low ventilating filter, the root for mains frequency harmonic wave and switching frequency harmonic wave common-mode voltage According to the present invention the tenth embodiment common-mode filter device and system controller schematic circuit；
Figure 14 is filtered with high and low frequency ground voltage of having decayed, according to the common mode of the 11st embodiment of the present invention The schematic circuit of the power inverter with the ground voltage reduced of ripple device device and system；
Figure 15 is having for the active common mode filter device and system with the 12nd embodiment according to the present invention The schematic circuit of the power inverter of the ground voltage of reduction, the active circuit is encouraged with the effective filter inductance delivery increased Magnetoelectricity stream；
Figure 16 is the figure shows of low common-mode voltage inverter CM voltage waveforms as a result；
Figure 17 is the CM inductors used in the common-mode filter device and the embodiment of system according to the present invention The figure shows of Magnetized Material characteristic；
Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of active common mode filter device according to the embodiment of the present invention, and it illustrates CM transformations The relative size of device and CM wave filters relative to electric power converter；
Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of the core, bobbin and supporting construction toroidal transformer that show CM transformers, wherein, it is actual around Group is not shown but positioned at the CM used in common-mode filter device and the embodiment of system according to the embodiment of the present invention In the groove of the bobbin of inductor；
Figure 20 A to Figure 20 D are the toroidal transformers of the core, bobbin and supporting construction for the CM transformers for showing Figure 19 Various topology views.
Figure 21 A to Figure 21 D are to show that actual winding is located at the recessed of the bobbin of the CM inductors of Figure 19 CM transformers Each bell structure view of actual coil toroidal transformer in groove.
Figure 22 is the schematic circuit of the VSI with series active CM wave filters.Active C M wave filters are by CM transformers (LCM) constituted with CM current return paths (Cdn, Rdn, Cdna).Figure 22 is also illustrated for being connected to active C M control bridge electric power The CM transformer secondary outputs control electric current input IDC_CTRL_IN and output IDC_CTRL_OUT and CM current measurements IDC_ of circuit CM。
Figure 23 is the schematic circuit of CM control bridge power circuits.
Embodiment
Block diagram and partial circuit diagram shown in reference picture 4, its shown in exemplary circuit common-mode filter device and System.Active common mode filter or passive common mode filters can be used in the device.Electric power converter, which is shown having, is connected to AC The AC electricity ports of utility network and the DC electric power port for the input port for being connected to active C M wave filters.Active C M wave filters Output port is connected to external circuit, such as power supply or load.
In the form, common-mode filter device and system have used in series to support electric power to turn with electric power converter Common mode voltage difference between parallel operation port and common mode current is controlled into the common-mode filter in acceptable level.Electric power converter Can be VSI.Common-mode filter is provided using the common mode current measured in real time with common mode current return path and impedance Real-time control to common mode current.
According to of the invention and reference picture 5 to the common-mode filter device shown in Figure 10 and system 21, the common-mode filter Device and system 21 include being connected on the external circuits such as photovoltaic array 11 with by feeding power to utility network 13 Electric power converter 12 between the active filter that uses.CM filter apparatus 12 is by the power conductor 35 with armature winding 33 The electricity port 25 of electric power converter is connected respectively to the power conductor 36 with armature winding 34, and by power conductor Electric power converter end on CM filter input ends mouthful 35 at common mode current measurement apparatus 41A or power conductor 31, The current measuring device 41B at CM filter outputs mouthful 37 at 32 external electrical terminal measures the common mode at electricity port Electric current is limited and controlled using feedback controller 51 to limit and control the AC components of the common mode current at electricity port 25 The AC components of common mode current are to adjust controlled voltage source.
CM wave filters 21 include CM transformers and one or more CM electric currents return circuits 53,54 and 55, one Or multiple CM electric currents return circuits 53,54 and 55 are connected to electric power converter and external circuit 11, exported with CM wave filters The first power conductor 31 at port 37 or between the second power conductor 32 at CM filter outputs mouthful 37.From DC electricity The CM electric currents of power port 25 flow through the armature winding 33,34 of CM transformers, and are returned via CM electric currents return circuit 53,54 and 55 To electric power converter.CM electric current return circuits may include the filter part with the impedance limited.They are shown in Figure 4 for Zcm-p and Zcm-n.Alternatively, during CM electric currents return circuit 53,54 and 55 can be parasitic element, such as external circuit Insulate electric capacity.This is shown in Figure 4 for Zcm-ext.
CM transformers have secondary windings 58 and multiple armature windings 33,34.Armature winding is all with the equal number of turn. Armature winding and each power terminal of the electric power converter port attached by CM wave filters are connected in series.Secondary windings is connected To the Active control power supply 52 directly controlled by CM current controllers 51.Fig. 4 is shown to be embodied as having by Active control power supply Typical case's implementation of the controlled voltage source 56 of series electrical emotional resistance 57.
CM electric currents by CM wave filters 21 input port 35 current sensor 41A or output port 37 at electric current Sensor 41B is measured.Sensor at the input port of CM wave filters measures total CM of the DC ports from electric power converter Electric current.Sensor measurement at CM filter outputs mouthful is delivered to total CM electric currents of external circuit, and this is eliminated via filtering Any CM electric currents that CM current return paths in device are returned.CM filter apparatus also includes CM current controllers 51, CM electric currents Controller 51 adjusts Active control power supply 56 using the feedback of CM current measurements so that CM electric currents are controlled and limited.
It can be seen that common-mode filter device and system 21 provide a kind of be used for outside with highland electric capacity or Low ESR To being adjusted from many aspects of electrical power conversion of the external source of such as solar panels to utility network in the application of portion's CM circuits The method of section, the described method comprises the following steps：Active C M filter apparatus is connected on outside source circuit and electric power converter Between；Measure the CM electric currents of CM filter input ends or output；Active CM electric currents are provided based on measured CM electric currents Return, thus electric power converter adjusts the CM voltage differences between electrical power conversion port and controls CM electric currents to acceptable level.
Extensive CM current control structures can be used.Recognize that CM current controllers can be implemented with hardware completely, or Implemented with the combination of the firmware and hardware associated with programmable hardware device.
In order to prevent the saturation of CM transformers, active C M wave filters can only decay to the AC components of CM voltages.Therefore, CM current measurements are by high pass filter, processes to extract AC components.In typical application, the cut-off frequency of high-pass filter exists Between the 50% to 300% of AC utility network frequencies.In fact, also there is bandwidth limitation to CM current sensors.Therefore, CM electricity Signal is flowed typically by bandpass filtering to produce measurement Idc_cm.The filtering can may be together with by CM current sensors characteristic External circuit is implemented.
CM current controllers are act as towards null value or smaller with reference to controlling and limit CM electric currents.Therefore, recognize Gratifying work is provided in the case of will there is notable precision and linearity error in CM current measurements to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of exemplary CM current controllers.Measured CM electric currents are by high pass filter, processes and in summation To produce CM current error signals compared with null value CM current references in frame.Idc_cm controller actions are believed in CM current errors Number refer to Icm_s_ctrl* to produce secondary control electric current, the secondary control electric current with reference to Icm_s_ctrl* in summation frame with Measured secondary control electric current Icm_s_ctrl compares to produce secondary control electric current error signal.Icm_s_ctrl is controlled Device acts on secondary control electric current error signal to produce the control voltage Vcm_s_ctrl for Active control power supply.
In Fig. 6 examples, controller has nested ring structure, wherein with the internal controller device for Icm_s_ctrl. This contributes to the level that Icm_s_ctrl is limited according to the specification of Active control power supply.It is recognized, however, that Idc_cm controllers It can be used directly to control Active control power supply.Both Idc_cm controllers and Icm_s_ctrl controllers are shown as linearly PI controllers are without limiting.Recognize that many different linearly or nonlinearly control structures are applied to this application, and permitted Many intermediate variables may be limited by such as Icm_s_ctrl* and Vcm_s_ctrl etc..
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of alternative exemplary CM current controllers, wherein the CM voltages with measurement or estimation are to having Source controls the feedforward of supply voltage.The not shown interior ring controller for Icm_s_ctrl of the example, but it may be embodied in In the dynamic characteristic of Idc_cm controllers.Electric power converter is measured or estimated according to the understanding to electric power converter working condition CM voltages Vdc_cm at electricity port.CM voltages Vdc_cm is multiplied by feedforward controller gain to produce feed-forward voltage, should Feed-forward voltage is combined to produce Active control supply voltage Vcm_s_ctrl in summation frame with the output of Idc_cm controllers.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of alternative exemplary CM current controllers, wherein active damping and CM with CM wave filters The feedforward of voltage.The not shown interior ring controller for Icm_s_ctrl of the example, but it may be embodied in Idc_cm controllers Characteristic in.According to electric power converter working condition understanding come measure or estimate at electric power converter electricity port CM electricity Press Vdc_cm.CM voltages Vdc_cm is multiplied by feedforward controller gain to produce feed-forward voltage, and the feed-forward voltage is in summation frame Output with Idc_cm controllers is combined to produce Active control supply voltage Vcm_s_ctrl.In this example, active damping Controller action is in Vdc_cm to produce the non-zero CM current references for Idc_cm.Typically, active damping controller is in CM There is resistive behavior in the region of filter resonance, there is the increasing being substantially reduced at the frequency on or below the region Benefit.
Fig. 9 is to show that exemplary active controls the block diagram and partial circuit diagram of power supply.DC electric power source is carried to full-bridge circuit For D/C voltage Vpsu_ctrl.Active control power-supply controller of electric provides pwm control signal with towards from DC CM electric currents to full-bridge The reference value of controller controls output voltage Vcm_s_ctrl or output current Icm_s_ctrl.
Figure 10 is shown with the combined type active C M wave filters for being used for the AC components for controlling CM electric currents and for obstructing CM The configuration of the series capacitor of the DC components of electric current.Series capacitor Cac_s_series and electric power converter AC electricity ports It is used in series.Active C M wave filters are shown as connecting with the DC ports of electric power converter.Series capacitor is supported from electricity The DC components of the CM voltages of force transducer.Active C M wave filters support the AC components of the CM voltages from electric power converter.This shows Example property configuration is suitable for the application that there is CM circuits outside Low ESR.For example, being connected to the photovoltaic hair of AC utility networks Electric system, wherein positive or negative solar array conductor be connected to (the earth).
Reference picture 11 and Figure 12, show that common-mode filter device and system can so work：Wherein active filter with Various modes using the common mode current measured in real time function, and across common mode current return path and impedance and provide to common mode The real-time control of electric current.
This includes measurement common mode current and applies feedback to reduce being total at filter input end mouthful or at output port The concept of mould electric current.The function for covering wherein common mode current is used as any scheme of feedback variable by this.In one form, may be used To measure two variables, one is voltage (common mode output voltage of wave filter) across common mode return path, and another is transmission To the common mode current of external circuit.Feedback is put on the two variables to control the voltage source of controlled source and reduce common mode Electric current.Using the Proportional Feedback to voltage, reason be this be actually common mode current integrated value.The product to electric current can be used Divide feedback.Clearly, different correlated variables can be used to realize many modes of identical effect, but all sides by existing Formula all employ the function measured of common mode current concept or wave filter input or output port at common mode current or The concept of the function measured of voltage.
Figure 11 shows the active filter of the function using the common mode current measured in real time.It should be noted that IDC_CM_OUTWith VDC_CM_OUTIt is IDC_CMFunction.Specifically：
IDC_CM_OUT=(ZCM_TOTAL/ZCM_EXT)·IDC-CM.
VDC_CM_OUT=ZCM_TOTAL·IDC_CM.
ZCM_TOTAL=(1/ (1/ZCM_P+1/ZCM_N+1/ZCM_EXT))
Figure 12 shows that the function of the common mode current measured in real time includes the survey to the voltage across common mode current return path Amount and feedback control.Common-mode filter device and system and provide common mode output electricity using the function measured of common mode current The feedback applied in pressure and common mode output circuit.
Block diagram and partial circuit diagram shown in reference picture 13, its shown in exemplary circuit common-mode filter device and System.The device is passive common mode filters.Electric power converter is shown as with the AC power ends for being connected to AC utility networks The DC electric power port of mouth and the output port for being connected to passive CM wave filters.
In the form, common-mode filter device and system have used in series to support electric power to turn with electric power converter Common mode voltage difference between parallel operation port and common mode current is controlled into the common-mode filter in acceptable level.Electric power converter It is VSI.Passive common mode filters include common mode transformer and in parallel with electric capacity again and constitute by capacitor and resistor in series Common mode current return path, to produce the AC systems fundamental frequency that significantly decayed plus at harmonic wave and associated Electric power converter switching frequency plus the CM voltages at harmonic wave damp type low pass filter.
Figure 14 shows passive embodiment, and this is equivalent with Figure 13, but somewhat simplified CM wave filters and represent and show in more detail Electric power converter is gone out.Figure 15 is active implementation, although simplifying accompanying drawing and not shown CM current measurements and controller chassis.This It is equivalent with Fig. 5, but simplify CM wave filters and represent and electric power converter is illustrated in greater detail.Figure 16 is to show to be filtered by active C M Actual measured waveform that CM voltages that device is provided improve (VSI in the case of compared to reactive filter shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 CM voltages-it is theoretical waveform).Figure 17 is the magnetization curve of inductor core.Inductor core shows the low exciting current institute of holding The very high magnetic conductivity needed.
Reference picture 18 and Figure 19, wherein Figure 19 show the common mode filtering for being formed with and being embedded in representative power converter 12 Figure 18 of device 21 toroidal transformer.The main visible part of CM wave filters is CM transformers, its Figure 20 A into 20D with Structural form is illustrated.
Relative size of the CM wave filters compared to electric power converter has been shown in particular in Figure 18, and this is one of the system basic Advantage.Figure 19 and Figure 20 A to 20D show the core, bobbin and supporting construction of CM transformers.In the groove of Figure 19 center line coil Inside show actual winding.This is toroidal transformer structure, but other types can also be used to form common-mode inductor.
Common mode inductance is to be arranged with the inductive element of multiple windings so that the change of magnetic flux is in each winding in core Generate the voltage of identical polar.Typical common mode inductance has very strong coupling, and typical common mode inductance between winding Similar to the less voltage transformer of exciting current wherein compared with the rated current of winding.Use to common mode transformer shows The equipment works mainly as voltage transformer.CM transformers must be designed to support switching frequency and low frequency CM voltages without Saturation or overheat occurs.Similarly, the magnetizing inductance of CM transformers must be wide enough so that peak excitation electric current in active In the capacity for controlling power supply.
Exemplary CM transformers specification
50kVA solar energy power network connects the DC sides common mode main inductance of inverter.
DC sides common mode main inductance is located between GCI boosters and inverter stage.It is supported as being total to produced by inverter stage The AC components of mode voltage.Common-mode voltage includes the significant component at the triple-frequency harmonics of line frequency.Also there is inverter switching device frequency Significant component at rate harmonic.
The major function of DC sides CM main inductances is：When DC lateral loads be refer to or with significant direct-to-ground capacitance such as During the situation of large-sized solar array, the AC components of ground loop current are prevented.(by controlling inverter translation type to prevent ground The DC components of loop current.) design enables inverter to be referred in both AC sides and DC sides.(join to DC sides Examine and must be close to DC bus voltage midpoint, unless DC barrier electric capacity is also mounted at the AC sides of inverter.)
DC sides CM main inductors include 3 windings.In the presence of two main windings just born for DC with DC.Also exist control around Group, it is driven by external control circuit so that most of inductor exciting current flows in controling winding.This method allows DC Side CM wave filters use less inductance value and capacitance compared with the required inductance value of script and capacitance.In this design, Controling winding is driven by low voltage circuit, therefore there is significant turn ratio n between main winding and controling windingdc_cm。
Inductor magnetic field is dominated by line frequency triple-frequency harmonics, but there is also at other line frequency triple-frequency harmonics and Significant component at fundamental wave harmonic switching frequency.Inductor core design needs to solve significant switching frequency component.This for Inductor losses are limited to realize that higher power conversion efficiency is also important.
Electrical code includes：
Configuration：1 coupling inductor, 2 main windings with the equal number of turn in being configured in common mode and in common mode configuration Controling winding.Turn ratio between main winding and controling winding is ndc_cm:ndc_cm:1。
Main winding and controling winding turn ratio, ndc_cm：≥ceil((3.Vdc_max)/(4.Vctrl_min))=28
Main winding self-induction, Ldc_cm：≥Δψmax/(2.√2.1ctrl_max/ndc_cm)=0.00826.ndc_cm
In the case, inductance is defined as Ψmax_peak,/Icm_max, to provide " integrated value " rather than inductance of inductance Increment size.Key is the lower bound of inductance by maximum can be limited with control electric current and maximum application weber.Assuming that peak value magnetic linkage AC change in magnetic flux density with balance is corresponding.
Inductor has to comply with all manufacturing tolerances of this specification.
Main winding leakage inductance, Ldc_cm_lk:≤0.02*Ldc_cm
Inductor has to comply with all manufacturing tolerances of this specification.
Controling winding leakage inductance, Ldc_cm_ctrl_lk:≤0.02*/ndc_cm 2Ldc_cm
Main winding rated current：80ADC
(without notable line frequency or switching frequency harmonic current)
Controling winding rated current：8Arms (line frequency triple-frequency harmonics)
This includes small amount of other line frequency triple harmonic currents and switching frequency current.Can be from defined inductance Derived in device voltage, self-induction and turn ratio and be accurately controlled winding current.
Nominal switching frequency：15kHZ
(work on 20kHZ will be limited in the switching frequency that design should allow in the range of 10kHZ to 30kHZ< The fundamental current level of rated current 25%).
Inductor voltage：≤ 300Vrms (summation)
Inductor voltage has at the triple-frequency harmonics of line frequency and switching frequency and showing at associated harmonic wave Write component.Exact value depends on including a number of factors of AC sides and DC sides voltage.In general, total line frequency voltage with AC sides voltage increases and increased.Total root mean square switching frequency voltage increases with the increase of DC sides voltage and with AC sides electricity Pressure reduces and reduced.The selection of result is given in Tables 1 and 2.These are 800V DC sides voltage in worst case.Knot Fruit shows the root-mean-square value and each line frequency harmonics times N of total line frequency voltageFLThe root-mean-square value at place.Give The root-mean-square value of total switching frequency voltage and each switching frequency overtone order NFsThe root-mean-square value at place.
VAC_PN Summation NFl=3 NFl=9 NFl=15
200(50HZ) 43 42 4.7 2.0
231(50HZ) 49 48 5.2 2.1
305(60HZ) 64 63 6.2 2.7
Line frequency voltage at some AC sides operating voltages of table 1
The maximum magnetic linkage change of generation is Δ Ψmax=0.187Vs.
This is line frequency values and the superposition both switching-frequency value.Common-mode inductor voltage is set up with controllable rate, made It must can be assumed and Δ ΨmaxThe corresponding core magnetic flux amplitude of oscillation is balanced near zero.Common-mode inductor should be designed to support from zero Core at magnetic flux density starts until 0.1Vs magnetic linkage changes without entering zone of saturation.For example, the 0.1Vs magnetic linkage amplitude of oscillation is not The longitudinal annealed glass metal 2605SA1 initial core without magnetic flux should be made to exceed 1.4T magnetic flux density.
Maximum power is lost：125@75ADC, 25C cooling airs
Stray magnetic field problem：It should minimize the stray flux from inductor to prevent stray magnetic field to be lost and dry Disturb.Inductor substrate can be directly mounted to steel plate.Inductor should be designed to make the stray magnetic field in the plate to be lost most Smallization.(note：In addition to this steel plate, no ferrous material will be used within the 20mm of inductor core.)
Insulated between winding：1000VDC is continuous, 2500V (DC, 50HZ or 60HZ) 1 minute
Insulation against ground：1000VDC is continuous, 2500 (DC, 50HZ or 60HZ) 1 minute
It is continuous that controling winding insulation against ground should be defined as 600V
Cooling air temperature：- 20C to 50C
Cooling air delivery：>0.005m3s-1
Cooling velocity：>0.005ms-1
There is provided exemplary design for reference.This is high-level design, not the full details including installing and terminating.Should Exemplary design is not using magnetometric analysis software and/or experiment to verify entering for the key parameters such as inductance, leakage inductance and loss One step should not be used in the case of working by potential supplier.In the case of no extra work, exemplary design Specification may not be met.
Exemplary CM transformers are implemented
Reference picture 17, Figure 18 and Figure 19, a kind of form of such common-mode inductor have the property that：
Inductance：According to L under peak flux density 1.2T, 150HZcm(B)=N.B.A ,/Icm(B) when defining, Lcm= 0.61H ± 25%
Inductance：According to L under peak flux density 50mT, 10kHZcm(B)=N.B.A ,/Icm(B) when defining, Lcm= 0.034H ± 25%
Core：Customize glassy metal part
Shape：Toroidal cores in plastic housing
In-core footpath：90.0mm
Core external diameter：185mm
Core depth：60.0mm
Shell internal diameter：Inner side 85.5mm, outside 81.5mm
Shell external diameter：Inner side 192.omm, outside 197.0mm
Shell depth：Inner side 62mm, outside 72mm (the radius 5.5mm at OD and ID edges)
Core material：The glassy metal 2605SA1 of longitudinal magnetic field annealing
Shell material：Plastics with operating temperature >=180C
Air gap：Nothing
Winding 1：30 circles on the side of about+10 ° to+170 ° of the angle of coverage of core
Coil has 4 layers being connected in parallel.Each layer have 30 circle 10AWG repaint copper-clad circle electromagnetic wire (180 grades of UL, Such as MW30).(exemplary conductors diameter=2.59mm.Typical overall diameter≤2.69mm.)
Wire is equally spaced on each layer.In order to keep conductor spacing, pass through the groove in the plastic housing end face of core First layer is alignd with the second layer.
Winding is fixed to the point on the plastic housing of core by frenulum.
4 10AWG wires then form hanging lead.
Winding 2：As winding 1, except on the opposite side of -10 ° to -170 ° of the angle of coverage of core.Set around prescription To produce common-mode inductor.
Winding 3：1 circle 16AWG insulated copper wires.With the hanging leads of 500mm.
Insulation rating=600V in 180C.The UL1213 lines for example, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) insulate.
Insulation：UL grades 180C
Winding：Wire coating is sufficient for turn-to-turn insulation and layer insulation.
Outside (packaging)：Winding 1 and winding 2 bring last processing by least 2 layers glass fibre.
The lead of termination：Fiberglass pipe.
Between winding.Two winding internals are integrated into plastics core shell from thing.These are extended to from 25mm internal diameter Head face hump the part high 9mm of 106mm external diameter.Each sept covers 10 ° of radian.
Install：Core is arranged in the U-shaped support via winding internal from the M6 screwed holes connection in thing with vertical stratification.
Finally process：Varnish is machined to UL grades 180C.Cover up or eliminate termination.
Reference picture 22 and Figure 23, it can be seen that diagram each illustrates a part for whole system.Figure 22 is electrical power conversion The functional circuitry figure of device and series active CM wave filters, and Figure 23 is the detailed circuit diagram of active electrical source.Connecing on every width figure Mouth is without alignment completely and is described each other with different titles, but, it is understood that this two width figure passes through the interface chain Connect to provide secondary CM control electric current ICM_S_CTRL from active electrical source to series active power filter CM transformer secondary outputs winding, and And those skilled in the art should be understood such interface to understand invention disclosed and claimed herein.
Figure 22 and Figure 23 show the partial circuit diagram of VSI and series active CM wave filters.Reference picture 22, active C M filtering Device includes CM transformer part title LCM and the CM current return paths formed by component names Cdn, Rdn and Cdna.CM transformations Device armature winding and VSI DC electric power port are connected in series.Figure 22 shows that the CM electric currents at the output of CM active filters are surveyed Measure IDC_CM.
Figure 22 also show the active C M control bridges for being shown as connector DC CM CTRL in fig 23 for being connected to CM transformer secondary outputs the control electric current input IDC_CTRL_IN and output end IDC_CTRL_OUT of power circuit.The interface from Active electrical source provides secondary CM control electric currents ICM_S_CTRL to series active power filter CM secondary windings.Full-bridge controlled voltage source Realized using electric power integration electric current U11 and associated components.Series electrical inductive element is realized with part L5, L6 and L7.ICM_ S_CTRL current measurements are provided by part CS1.ICM_S_CTRL measurements, full-bridge controlled voltage source PWM controls and status signal It is connected to the numerical control system (not shown) at connector CONTROL BRD.Numerical control system also receives IDC_CM measurements Signal and other measurement of correlations.Numerical control system performs feedback and feedforward control scheme to limit and control IDC_CM.
Although the embodiment of common-mode filter device and system has been described herein in we, it is also possible to It is contemplated that other embodiments of the present invention can show any one in any number of preceding feature and preceding feature Combination.It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that arriving：Without departing from the present invention, can be to the specific reality of illustration The mode of applying carries out various modifications and changes.All such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Specifically, above-mentioned application is that the active C M wave filters of electric power converter and series connection are connected into answering for utility network With.However, other application includes electric power converter and series active CM wave filters being connected to solar-energy photo-voltaic cell array Using.In addition, it includes being connected to CM wave filters between double uninterrupted supply of electric power UPS of conversion two electric power converters Using.More applications include utility network frequency of the active CM wave filters support compared with utility network DM voltages at the level of signifiance Harmonic wave at CM voltage AC components.Obviously, those skilled in the art will be seen that the class Sihe to these and use above progress Obvious change is fallen within the scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, it is possible to there is the specific change in structure.For example, the active filter of the present invention may include to provide tool The CM return circuits for having the impedance of restriction turn to make the CM electric currents at electricity port return to electric power after by CM transformers The part of parallel operation.These CM return circuits parts can have mainly capacitive impedance.
It will be appreciated, however, that any being changed and modifications what can be carried out without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention It is included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (63)

1. it is a kind of be used for by electric power converter carry out from external source to the electrical power conversion of another external circuit many aspects The common-mode filter device being adjusted, wherein, the common-mode filter device has significantly decayed the electric power converter Switching frequency is plus the common-mode voltage at harmonic wave, and wherein, and the common-mode filter device has connects with electric power converter Connect to support the common mode voltage difference between the electric power converter port and control common mode current in acceptable level Common-mode filter.
2. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the electric power converter is single-phase.
3. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the electric power converter is multiphase.
4. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, for from external source to many of the electrical power conversion of AC systems Individual aspect is adjusted, wherein, the common-mode filter device has significantly decayed the AC systems fundamental frequency plus harmonic wave The switching frequency of the electric power converter locate and associated is plus the common-mode voltage at harmonic wave.
5. the common-mode filter device according to any one of Claims 1-4, wherein, the common-mode filter device Including active filter configuration.
6. the common-mode filter device according to any one of Claims 1-4, wherein, the common-mode filter device Including passive filter configuration.
7. the common-mode filter device according to any one of Claims 1-4, wherein, the common-mode filter device With the active common mode filter provided by the common mode transformer with multiple armature windings.
8. common-mode filter device according to claim 7, wherein, the armature winding all with the equal number of turn simultaneously And each armature winding and each power terminal of electricity port are connected in series.
9. common-mode filter device according to claim 7, wherein, active common mode filter also includes secondary windings.
10. common-mode filter device according to claim 9, wherein, in one form, the active common mode filter Control power supply including being coupled to the secondary windings.
11. common-mode filter device according to claim 10, wherein, control power supply by connected with inductive impedance by Voltage source is controlled to constitute.
12. common-mode filter device according to claim 9, wherein, the common-mode filter device includes being in institute The common mode transformer magnetizing inductance stated at secondary windings and measured at the switching frequency of the associated electric power converter 25% to 200% in the range of inductive impedance.
13. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the common-mode filter is active filter.
14. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the common-mode filter is passive filter.
15. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the electric power converter is voltage source inverter.
16. common-mode filter device according to claim 13, wherein, the active filter utilizes being total to for measuring in real time The function of mould electric current, and across common mode current return path and impedance and the real-time control to common mode current is provided.
17. common-mode filter device according to claim 16, wherein, the function bag of the common mode current measured in real time Include the measurement to the voltage across the common mode current return path and feedback control.
18. common-mode filter device according to claim 13, wherein, the active filter utilizes being total to for measuring in real time Mould electric current, and the real-time control to common mode current is provided with common mode current return path and impedance.
19. common-mode filter device according to claim 13, wherein, the common-mode filter include common mode transformer with And one or more common mode current return circuits, one or more of common mode current return circuits are connected to the electric power Converter is exported with the first power conductor or the common-mode filter at the external source, the common-mode filter output port Between second power conductor of port.
20. common-mode filter device according to claim 19, wherein, the active filter is described common including being coupled to The active electrical source of the secondary windings of moding depressor.
21. common-mode filter device according to claim 20, wherein, the active filter is included by being hindered with inductive The active electrical source that the controlled voltage source of anti-series connection is constituted.
22. common-mode filter device according to claim 21, wherein, the series impedance is mainly inductive impedance.
23. common-mode filter device according to claim 22, wherein, the inductive impedance be in it is described it is secondary around The 25% of the common mode transformer magnetizing inductance measured at group and at the switching frequency of the associated electric power converter to In the range of 200%.
24. common-mode filter device according to claim 19, with being the controllable of the full-bridge with pulse width modulation Voltage source.
25. common-mode filter device according to claim 19, with being the controllable of the half-bridge with pulse width modulation Voltage source.
26. the common-mode filter device according to claim 24 or 25, wherein, the controllable voltage source pulse width modulation Cycle is synchronous with the switch transformation of the associated electric power converter.
27. the common-mode filter device according to any one of claim 19 to 23, wherein, the common mode transformer tool The magnetizing inductance in the range of 0.1H to 10H for having at armature winding and being measured at utility network frequency.
28. the common-mode filter device according to any one of claim 19 to 23, wherein, the common mode transformer tool There is the core being made up of amorphous metal.
29. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the common-mode filter device is used to be used to The electric power converter of transfer electrical power between circuit, wherein each circuit is connected to the different electricity ports of the electric power converter, And each electricity port has at least two power conductors, and wherein power port voltage is by differential mode voltage and common-mode voltage table Levy, wherein, the differential mode voltage is the electrical potential difference between paired power conductor, and the common-mode voltage is that all electric power are led Average potential difference between body and reference potential, and power port current is by differential-mode current and common mode current sign, wherein institute It is the difference between the electric current in paired power conductor to state differential-mode current, and the common mode current be on all power conductors via Another external circuit comprising reference potential conductor is flow back into one or more of the other electricity port of the electric power converter Electric current sum；
A. wherein, the common-mode filter device include with the electricity port of the electric power converter it is used in series to limit and Control the active filter of the AC components of common mode current at the electricity port；
B. and wherein, the function of the common mode current at the electricity port is measured, and limits and controls using feedback controller The AC components of common mode current processed are controlled with adjusting the active filter.
30. the common-mode filter device according to any one of claim 19 to 23, wherein, by switching frequency and low The common-mode filter that frequency common-mode voltage is decayed controls common mode transformer saturation.
31. common-mode filter device according to claim 1, wherein, the external source is solar panels.
32. common-mode filter device according to claim 4, wherein, the external source is solar panels, and the AC System is utility network.
33. common-mode filter device according to claim 29, wherein, the reference potential is ground.
34. a kind of common-mode filter device, wherein, the active filter of the common-mode filter device, which has, contains secondary windings With the transformer of multiple armature windings；The armature winding has the equal number of turn and each armature winding and electricity port Each power terminal is connected in series；And the secondary windings is connected to controlled voltage source via impedance, wherein, implement even to work as Also switching frequency and low frequency common voltage are decayed when switching frequency and low frequency common voltage notable compared with differential mode voltage Active filter, and wherein, controlled by the common-mode filter decayed to switching frequency and low frequency common voltage altogether Moding depressor saturation.
35. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, in one form, measure the electricity port The common mode current at place, is limited using feedback controller and controls the AC components of common mode current to adjust Active control power supply.
36. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, the active filter utilizes being total to for measuring in real time The function of mould electric current, and across common mode current return path and impedance and the real-time control to common mode current is provided.
37. common-mode filter device according to claim 36, wherein, the function of the common mode current measured in real time includes pair Measurement and feedback control across the voltage of common mode current return path.
38. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, the common-mode voltage at electric power converter electricity port Estimation or measurement be used to feedforward control to Active control power supply, to reduce the band in closed loop common mode current controller The AC of common mode current at the AC components of the common mode current at frequency on width, including electric power converter switching frequency harmonic Component.
39. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, by suitable in common mode current feedback controller Closed-loop dynamic characteristic come obtain common-mode filter response active damping.
40. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein there is provided circuit by from the defeated of common mode transformer The common mode current gone out returns to one or more of the other electricity port of the electric power converter.
41. common-mode filter device according to claim 40, wherein, the circuit hinders including at least one series capacitive It is anti-.
42. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, the common mode current of the output from common mode transformer Other electricity ports of the electric power converter are returned to via external circuit.
43. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, except Active control forces most of common mode transformation Beyond device exciting current flows in secondary controling winding rather than in armature winding, the disclosed active filter The work for being conceptually similar to passive common mode filters is operated in, wherein, the effective impedance of common mode transformer is big far above equal The effective impedance of small passive common mode transformer, choke coil or inductor.
44. common-mode filter device according to claim 34, wherein, common-mode filter connects to prop up with electric power converter Hold the common mode voltage difference between electric power converter port and control common mode current in acceptable level.
45. common-mode filter device according to claim 42, wherein, the external circuit is insulation electric capacity.
46. it is a kind of in the application with highland electric capacity or Low ESR external common-mode circuit using common-mode filter device come to from The method that external source is adjusted to many aspects of the electrical power conversion of utility network, comprises the following steps：
A. active common mode filter device is connected in series between external source power circuit and electric power converter；
B. the function of the common mode current at common-mode filter input or output is measured；
C. active common mode current is provided based on measured common mode current to return,
Wherein, the electric power converter common mode voltage difference between electric power converter port is adjusted and by the common mode Current control is in acceptable level.
47. method according to claim 46, wherein, the active filter utilizes the letter of the common mode current measured in real time Number, and across common mode current return path and impedance and the real-time control to common mode current is provided.
48. method according to claim 46, wherein, the function of the common mode current measured in real time is included to across common mode current The measurement of the voltage of return path and feedback control.
49. method according to claim 46, wherein, the active filter utilizes the common mode current measured in real time, and And real-time control to common mode current is provided with common mode current return path and impedance, wherein, the active filter limitation With the AC components of the common mode current at control electricity port.
50. the method according to any one of claim 46 to 49, wherein, the active filter includes having secondary The common mode transformer of winding and multiple armature windings, wherein each armature winding has the equal number of turn and each armature winding It is connected in series with each power terminal of electricity port, and the secondary windings is connected to active electrical source.
51. method according to claim 50, wherein, the active filter is utilized and the common mode at the electricity port The related measurement of electric current, wherein, the active filter controlled including the use of the feedback of the measurement active electrical source with So that the controlling organization that the common mode current of the port is controlled or limited.
52. method according to claim 50, wherein, the active filter is utilized to the institute by the common mode transformer State the extra measurement or estimation of the common-mode voltage of armature winding support.
53. method according to claim 51, wherein, the feedforward that the controlling organization is measured or estimated using common-mode voltage To control the active electrical source to cause the common mode current of the port to reduce.
54. method according to claim 51, wherein, the controlling organization is measured using common-mode voltage or estimates to control The active electrical source is to provide the active damping of the common-mode filter.
55. method according to claim 46, wherein, the active filter connected with electric power converter and including with The DC blocking condensers of AC electricity ports series connection so that limit and control the flowing of DC common mode currents simultaneously by the series capacitor And limited by the active common mode filter and controlled the flowing of AC common mode currents.
56. method according to claim 46, wherein, the external source is solar panels.
57. a kind of be used in the application with highland electric capacity or Low ESR external common-mode circuit to from external source to utility network Electrical power conversion the common-mode filter device that is adjusted of many aspects, including：
A. common-mode filter device, the common-mode filter device be connected in series in external source power circuit and electric power converter it Between, the common-mode filter device includes the common mode barrier impedance being connected between common-mode filter input port and output port And the common mode current for being output to the electric power converter from wave filter returns to impedance, so that common mode low pass filter is formed,
B. wherein, on filter cutoff frequency, the barrier impedance is more than the return impedance and the common mode filtering Device provides significant voltage attenuation；
Wherein, the common-mode filter device has significantly decayed AC systems fundamental frequency plus at harmonic wave and associated The electric power converter switching frequency plus the common-mode voltage at harmonic wave.
58. common-mode filter device according to claim 57, wherein, the common-mode filter device is used for power network The passive low ventilating filter that frequency harmonics and switching frequency harmonic wave common-mode voltage are filtered.
59. common-mode filter device according to claim 58, wherein, the wave filter is provided in less than about 2 times electricity The significantly decay of common-mode voltage and electric current on the cut-off frequency of net frequency.
60. common-mode filter device according to claim 59, wherein, passive low ventilating filter is provided to substantially existing The significantly decay of common-mode voltage and electric current in the range of 1HZ to 100HZ.
61. common-mode filter device according to claim 60, wherein, the electric power converter be voltage source inverter simultaneously And the passive common mode filters include common mode transformer and in parallel with electric capacity again and constitute by capacitor and resistor in series Common mode current return path, to produce the AC systems fundamental frequency that significantly decayed plus at harmonic wave and associated The electric power converter switching frequency plus the common-mode voltage at harmonic wave damp type low pass filter.
62. common-mode filter device according to claim 57, wherein, common mode current measurement by high pass filter, processes with AC components are extracted, wherein the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter is between the 50% to 300% of AC utility network frequencies.
63. common-mode filter device according to claim 57, wherein, the external source is solar panels, and described Common mode barrier impedance is common mode transformer.
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