CN103312140A - Starting method of multi-branch two-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents
Starting method of multi-branch two-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a starting method of a multi-branch two-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and belongs to the technical filed of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control. A converter connected with a starting power supply changes from ring opening to duty ratio slow starting, a constant-voltage tracking method is used to find the maximum power point, the maximum power point is tracked through a perturbation and observation method, and other convertors and the inverter starts slow starting when direct-current bus voltage is larger than starting voltage of the inverter. By the method, instant impact current of Boost converter starting and inverter grid connection can be restrained, dynamic features of maximum power point tracking during starting can be improved, stableness of the direct-current bus voltage can be guaranteed, and bus overvoltage or undervoltage can be prevented.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses the startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device, belong to the technical field of photovoltaic combining inverter control.
Background technology
Serious day by day along with energy crisis and problem of environmental pollution, the development and utilization of new forms of energy more and more is subject to people's attention.Solar energy is as a kind of pollution-free, renewable, widely distributed green energy resource, and parallel network power generation is that it mainly utilizes one of form.The application form of parallel network power generation mainly contains three kinds: photovoltaic plant, photovoltaic building system and miniature converter type.The application scenario of this patent namely is the photovoltaic building system, this system adopts the polylith solar panel to be connected into photovoltaic group string branch road usually, every optical crosstalk volt group string is respectively by being connected in parallel to dc bus behind the DC/DC converter boost, be connected with electrical network finally by crossing an inverter, be referred to as multiple branch circuit two-stage type photovoltaic combining inverter.The framework of this multiple branch circuit formula has improved the photovoltaic battery panel installation flexibility.That the DC/DC converter usually adopts is simple in structure, have the characteristics of boosting, be input as the Boost converter of current source type.Power is when 5kW is following, and inverter adopts control strategy maturation, full-bridge topology (one camera) simple in structure usually; Power is when 6～20kW, and inverter then adopts and is applicable to high pressure occasion, the three level topologys (three cameras) that output current harmonics is little.
Have following problem during multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase grid-connected inverter starting up: 1, because DC bus-bar voltage is set up as yet, the energy storage inductor magnetic core of Boost converter can't degaussing, causes inductance core saturated, produces impulse current; 2, because inverter startup as yet, output voltage is open circuit voltage during the photovoltaic battery panel start, be not operated in maximum power point, if directly adopt the higher disturbance observation of accuracy to realize MPPT maximum power point tracking, then be difficult to guarantee the rapidity of MPPT maximum power point tracking; 3, after the Boost converter starts, if untimely startup inverter discharges the energy that accumulates in dc-link capacitance, then can cause DC bus-bar voltage too high and damage device; 4, owing to phase place and the amplitude difference of line voltage and inverter output voltage, inverter is being incorporated into the power networks moment, can produce impulse current.
The startup method of existing pair of branch road two-stage type three-phase grid-connected inverter is: the Starting mode of deciding duty ratio open loop operation that No. 1 Boost converter using of prime is less is set up busbar voltage, is detecting DC bus-bar voltage V
Bus2V
LineAfter, all Boost converters all adopt the disturbance observation to follow the tracks of the photovoltaic battery panel maximum power point, back level inverter closed net side relay simultaneously enables the driving signal of three-phase grid-connected inverter simultaneously when certain phase voltage zero passage, three-phase grid-connected inverter begins slow the startup simultaneously.The weak point of this method is: 1, No. 1 less duty ratio open loop of deciding of Boost converter using moves, after start, decide duty ratio operation phase Boost converter and impulse current can not occur, busbar voltage also can be set up, but No. 1 Boost converter is when open loop operation mode is switched to disturbance observation operation mode, have duty ratio transition, electric current equally can impact; 2, directly adopt the operation of disturbance observation can not guarantee that photovoltaic battery panel is operated in maximum power point fast; 3, three-phase grid-connected inverter slow startup simultaneously can only guarantee a phase inverter in the slow startup of voltage over zero, and other two-phase combining inverters are not to delay at voltage over zero to start, and electric current impacts.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency at the above-mentioned background technology, and the startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
The startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device comprises the steps:
Step 1, startup self-detection: net side relay disconnects, and all switching tubes drive signal at stop;
Step 2 detects each road photovoltaic battery panel open circuit voltage, and one road photovoltaic battery panel of open circuit voltage maximum as starting power supply, and is started slow startup of Boost converter that power supply is connected;
Step 3 detects DC bus-bar voltage,
When DC bus-bar voltage during greater than inverter startup voltage, all the other each Boost converters and inverter begin slow the startup simultaneously; Otherwise, return step 2;
The startup method of described multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device, the following method of Boost converter using that is connected with the startup power supply in the step 2 is slow to be started:
Step 2-1 gathers the open circuit voltage that starts power supply;
Step 2-2 is D with the duty ratio
Y1The driving signal enable the converter of open loop operation, gather and start electric power output voltage;
Step 2-3, relatively duty ratio D
Y1, with the duty ratio D that starts the Boost converter constant voltage output that power supply is connected
Y2:
As duty ratio D
Y1Duty ratio D greater than the Boost converter constant voltage output that is connected with the startup power supply
Y2The time, with the duty ratio D that starts the Boost converter constant voltage output that power supply is connected
Y2Enable and start the Boost converter that power supply is connected, enter step 2-4;
Otherwise, duty ratio D
Y1Value increases a step-length △ D
y, return step 2-2;
Step 2-4, relatively with startup electric power output voltage and constant voltage reference value:
When satisfying the condition of the Boost converter constant voltage output that is connected with the startup power supply with the difference of startup electric power output voltage and constant voltage reference value: adopt the tracking of disturbance observation and start the Boost converter maximum power point that power supply is connected;
Otherwise, with the duty ratio D that starts the Boost converter constant voltage output that power supply is connected
Y2Enable and start the Boost converter that power supply is connected, when the difference of startup electric power output voltage and constant voltage reference value satisfies the condition of the Boost converter constant voltage output that is connected with the startup power supply, use the Boost converter maximum power point that the disturbance observation is followed the tracks of and the startup power supply is connected instead.
The startup method of described multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device, the following method of all the other each Boost converter using is slow in the step 3 starts: the driving signal dutyfactor of being determined switching tube in the Boost converter by the constant voltage tracing, when the difference of the photovoltaic battery panel output voltage that is connected with the Boost converter and constant voltage reference value satisfies the condition of Boost converter constant voltage output, use the disturbance observation instead and follow the tracks of Boost converter maximum power point.
The startup method of described multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device, inverter is DC bus-bar voltage slow startup as follows during greater than inverter startup voltage in the step 3: net side relay closes, the detection of grid phase voltage, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the single-phase voltage correspondence of zero passage is slow to be started.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, has following beneficial effect:
(1) impulse current of moment of can suppressing that the Boost converter starts and inverter is incorporated into the power networks;
(2) dynamic characteristic of MPPT maximum power point tracking in the time of can improving startup;
(3) can guarantee the stable of DC bus-bar voltage, prevent that busbar voltage is too high or under-voltage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of two branch road two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting devices of simplification.The number in the figure explanation: PV1 is first photovoltaic battery panel, and PV2 is second photovoltaic battery panel.
The flow process that the multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device that Fig. 2 proposes for the present invention starts is always schemed.
Fig. 3 is the slow flow chart that starts of the Boost converter that is connected with the startup power supply.
Fig. 4 is the slow flow charts that start of other each road Boost converters.
Fig. 5 starts flow chart for inverter is slow.
Fig. 6 is electric current loop flow chart in the slow start-up course of inverter.
Fig. 7 (a) is the experimental waveform of the existing startup method of prime Boost converter using.
Fig. 7 (b) is the experimental waveform of prime Boost converter using patent of the present invention startup method.
Fig. 8 (a) delays the startup experimental waveform for adopting traditional startup method three-phase inverter to be incorporated into the power networks.
Fig. 8 (b) is for adopting after the patent of the present invention the three-phase inverter slow experimental waveform that starts that is incorporated into the power networks.
Embodiment
Be elaborated below in conjunction with the technical scheme of accompanying drawing to invention.
Multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device, comprise N road photovoltaic battery panel, each photovoltaic battery panel is connected with dc bus after through a Boost converter, and N is the positive integer greater than 1, with one road photovoltaic battery panel of open circuit voltage maximum wherein as starting power supply.Two branch road two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting devices are controlled block diagram as shown in Figure 1: after prime Boost converter passes through sampling input voltage and electric current process MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm process, and the driving signal of controlled Boost converter; Back level inverter adopts the dicyclo control mode of DC bus-bar voltage outer shroud current inner loop.
Be that example is set forth startup method of the present invention with two branch road two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting devices now, as shown in Figure 1, two branch road two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting devices comprise the first photovoltaic battery panel PV1, the second photovoltaic battery panel PV2, the first photovoltaic battery panel PV1 is connected with dc bus behind No. 1 Boost converter, and the second photovoltaic panel PV2 is connected with dc bus behind No. 2 Boost converters.The startup method comprises the steps as shown in Figure 2.
Step 1, startup self-detection: net side relay disconnects, and all switching tubes drive signal at stop.
Step 2 detects the first photovoltaic battery panel PV1, the second photovoltaic battery panel PV2 open circuit voltage, chooses one road photovoltaic battery panel of open circuit voltage maximum as starting power supply, and this sentences the first photovoltaic battery panel PV1 for starting power supply, No. 1 slow startup of Boost converter;
Step 3 detects DC bus-bar voltage V
Bus,
Work as V
Bus2V
LineWhen (DC bus-bar voltage is greater than inverter startup voltage), V
LineBe electrical network side line voltage, No. 2 Boost converters and inverter begin slow the startup simultaneously; Otherwise, return step 2.
No. 1 slow startup of Boost converter flow process comprises the steps: as shown in Figure 3
Step 2-1 gathers the first photovoltaic battery panel open circuit voltage V
Pv1_oc
Step 2-2 is D with the duty ratio
Y1The driving signal enable the converter of open loop operation, gather the first photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
Pv1
Step 2-3 is calculated the duty ratio D of No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output by the constant voltage tracing
Y2, compare duty ratio D
Y1, No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output duty ratio D
Y2:
Work as D
Y1D
Y2The time, with the duty ratio D of No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output
Y2Enable the Boost converter No. 1, enter step 2-4;
Otherwise, duty ratio D
Y1Value increases a step-length △ D
y, return step 2-2;
Step 2-4, the relatively first photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
Pv1With the constant voltage reference value:
When the first photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
Pv1When satisfying the condition of No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output with the difference of constant voltage reference value: adopt the disturbance observation to follow the tracks of No. 1 Boost converter maximum power point;
Otherwise, with the duty ratio D of No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output
Y2Enable the Boost converter No. 1, until the first photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
Pv1When satisfying the condition of No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output with the difference of constant voltage reference value, use the disturbance observation instead and follow the tracks of No. 1 Boost converter maximum power point.
As seen, No. 1 Boost converter is according to step-length △ D
yIncrease progressively open-loop start-up, step-length △ D
yBut value is 0.01, with
The constant voltage reference value will
As the condition of judging No. 1 Boost converter constant voltage output, satisfying
The time, the constant voltage tracing finds maximum power point, and use the disturbance observation instead and follow the tracks of No. 1 Boost converter maximum power point this moment.
No. 2 Boost converters are slow to start flow processs as shown in Figure 4: determine the driving signal dutyfactor of switching tube in No. 2 Boost converters by the constant voltage tracing, in the second photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
Pv2When satisfying the condition of No. 2 Boost converter constant voltages outputs with the difference of constant voltage reference value, use the disturbance observation instead and follow the tracks of No. 2 Boost converter maximum power points.Inverter is DC bus-bar voltage slow startup as follows during greater than inverter startup voltage: net side relay closes, and detection of grid voltage, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the single-phase voltage correspondence of zero passage is slow to be started.
Inverter is slow to start flow process as shown in Figure 5: when DC bus-bar voltage rises to the phase voltage peak value of twice, closed net side relay, because the relay adhesive needs certain time mechanical delay, must detect the relay both end voltage to confirm whether adhesive of relay; Detect three phase network voltage respectively, utilize phase-locked loop control inverter output current and line voltage same-phase, the task manager PWM of main control chip TMS320F28335 enables the signal that the unit can each PWM delivery outlet of independent enable, thereby can enable this at every phase line voltage zero crossing and drive signal mutually, the network access current-order begins slow increasing.
In the slow start-up course of inverter the electric current loop flow process as shown in Figure 6, network access current-order I
GrBy zero according to step delta I
gIncrease once at each line voltage zero crossing place, increase to the electric current set-point that the DC bus-bar voltage outer shroud calculates in 5～10 power frequency periods, the slow start-up course of inverter finishes.
Fig. 7 (a) has provided the experimental waveform of the existing startup method of prime Boost converter using.Among the figure from top to bottom experimental waveform be the duty ratio D of No. 1 Boost converter successively
Y1, DC bus-bar voltage V
Bus(200 volts/lattice), No. 1 photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
PV1(200 volts/lattice), No. 1 Boost converter input current I
LB(10 amperes/lattice), abscissa are time t(50 millisecond/lattice).As seen from the figure, when deciding duty ratio open loop operation to disturbance observation operation switching, sudden change, No. 1 Boost converter input current I appear in duty ratio
LBThere is bigger current spike.Fig. 7 (b) has provided the experimental waveform of prime Boost converter using patent of the present invention startup method.Among the figure from top to bottom experimental waveform be No. 1 Boost converter input current I successively
LB(10 amperes/lattice), A phase current I
Ga(20 amperes/lattice), No. 1 photovoltaic battery panel output voltage V
PV1(500 volts/lattice), DC bus-bar voltage V
Bus(500 volts/lattice), abscissa are time t(50 millisecond/lattice).As seen from the figure, in the start-up course, No. 1 Boost converter input current I
LBDo not have impulse current, the DC bus-bar voltage overshoot is very little, and No. 1 photovoltaic battery panel is incorporated into the power networks at back level inverter and can be operated in maximum power point about the 80ms of back, illustrates that patent of the present invention has realized that the level and smooth of Boost converter starts fast.
Fig. 8 (a) has provided and has adopted traditional startup method three-phase inverter slow experimental waveform that starts that is incorporated into the power networks.Be A phase current I from top to down successively among the figure
Ga(20 amperes/lattice), B phase current I
Gb(20 amperes/lattice), C phase current I
Gc(20 amperes/lattice), abscissa are time t(100 millisecond/lattice).As seen from the figure, when A phase current zero crossing three-phase inverter was incorporated into the power networks simultaneously, impulse current did not appear in A mutually, and there is impulse current in B mutually with C mutually.Fig. 8 (b) has provided after the employing patent of the present invention the three-phase inverter slow experimental waveform that starts that is incorporated into the power networks.Be A phase current I from top to down successively among the figure
Ga(20 amperes/lattice), B phase current I
Gb(20 amperes/lattice), C phase current I
Gc(20 amperes/lattice), abscissa are time t(100 millisecond/lattice).As seen from the figure, three-phase grid-connected inverter is incorporated into the power networks when this phase current zero crossing respectively, does not have impulse current, and current amplitude slowly increases to stationary value from small to large, illustrates that patent of the present invention has realized the clean boot that three-phase inverter is incorporated into the power networks.
Above-described embodiment only is that two branch road two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting devices are that example is set forth startup method of the present invention, but startup method of the present invention not only is applicable to two branch road two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting devices, also is applicable to any multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device.
In sum, utilize startup method of the present invention to start multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device, have the following advantages:
(1) the Boost converter that is connected with the startup power supply adopts the compound Starting mode of variable duty cycle open loop operation, constant voltage process operation and the operation of disturbance observation successively, there is not the duty ratio sudden change in the switching of three sections operational modes, can suppress the Boost converter and start; The be incorporated into the power networks impulse current of moment of the method that level inverter in back adopts three-phase grid-connected inverter to be incorporated into the power networks at corresponding phase voltage zero crossing respectively, inverter.
(2) dynamic characteristic of MPPT maximum power point tracking in the time of can improving startup.
(3) can guarantee the stable of DC bus-bar voltage, prevent that busbar voltage is too high or under-voltage.
Claims (4)
1. the startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1, startup self-detection: net side relay disconnects, and all switching tubes drive signal at stop;
Step 2 detects each road photovoltaic battery panel open circuit voltage, and one road photovoltaic battery panel of open circuit voltage maximum as starting power supply, and is started slow startup of Boost converter that power supply is connected;
Step 3 detects DC bus-bar voltage,
When DC bus-bar voltage during greater than inverter startup voltage, all the other each Boost converters and inverter begin slow the startup simultaneously; Otherwise, return step 2.
2. the startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the following method of Boost converter using that is connected with the startup power supply in the step 2 is slow to be started:
Step 2-1 gathers the open circuit voltage that starts power supply;
Step 2-2 is D with the duty ratio
Y1The driving signal enable the converter of open loop operation, gather and start electric power output voltage;
Step 2-3, relatively duty ratio D
Y1, with the duty ratio D that starts the Boost converter constant voltage output that power supply is connected
Y2:
As duty ratio D
Y1Duty ratio D greater than the Boost converter constant voltage output that is connected with the startup power supply
Y2The time, with the duty ratio D that starts the Boost converter constant voltage output that power supply is connected
Y2Enable and start the Boost converter that power supply is connected, enter step 2-4;
Otherwise, duty ratio D
Y1Value increases a step-length △ D
y, return step 2-2;
Step 2-4, relatively with startup electric power output voltage and constant voltage reference value:
When satisfying the condition of the Boost converter constant voltage output that is connected with the startup power supply with the difference of startup electric power output voltage and constant voltage reference value: adopt the tracking of disturbance observation and start the Boost converter maximum power point that power supply is connected;
Otherwise, with the duty ratio D that starts the Boost converter constant voltage output that power supply is connected
Y2Enable and start the Boost converter that power supply is connected, when the difference of startup electric power output voltage and constant voltage reference value satisfies the condition of the Boost converter constant voltage output that is connected with the startup power supply, use the Boost converter maximum power point that the disturbance observation is followed the tracks of and the startup power supply is connected instead.
3. the startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the following method of all the other each Boost converter using is slow in the step 3 starts: the driving signal dutyfactor of being determined switching tube in the Boost converter by the constant voltage tracing, when the difference of the photovoltaic battery panel output voltage that is connected with the Boost converter and constant voltage reference value satisfies the condition of Boost converter constant voltage output, use the disturbance observation instead and follow the tracks of Boost converter maximum power point.
4. the startup method of multiple branch circuit two-stage type three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, inverter is DC bus-bar voltage slow startup as follows during greater than inverter startup voltage in the step 3: net side relay closes, the detection of grid phase voltage, the single-phase photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the single-phase voltage correspondence of zero passage is slow to be started.
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