CN103259469A - Electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103259469A CN103259469A CN2013101379260A CN201310137926A CN103259469A CN 103259469 A CN103259469 A CN 103259469A CN 2013101379260 A CN2013101379260 A CN 2013101379260A CN 201310137926 A CN201310137926 A CN 201310137926A CN 103259469 A CN103259469 A CN 103259469A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit and a control method thereof. The electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit comprises an alternating current rectifying circuit, a switching power supply, an inverting commutation circuit, rotor-position sensor, a current sampling circuit and a controller, wherein the switching power supply is used for supplying power to a motor and the switching power supply, the switching power supply is used for generating low-voltage power supply and supplying the low-voltage power supply to an external component, the inverting commutation circuit is used for controlling motor current alternation, the rotor-position sensor is used for supplying the position information of the current rotor, the current sampling circuit is used in winding current feedback, and the controller is used for fulfilling motor commutation and circuit regulation. The electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit and the control method thereof have the advantages that due to the fact electronic switch components are adopted, the motor is quiet and reliable in commutation processes without any mechanical movement. Due to the fact that permanent magnet rotors are adopted, the magnet winding of an ordinary direct current motor is not needed, and loss is reduced. In addition, the whole circuit and the control method of the circuit are simple and reliable, and the performance and reliability of a whole machine are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blower fan circuit and its implementation, more specifically, it relates to the single-phase blower fan circuit of a kind of electronic commutation brushless direct-current and control method thereof.
Background technology
Brshless DC motor is to have for the brush direct current machine with respect to traditional.Traditional have a brush direct current machine, and its operation needs mechanical commutation, normally relies on brush.When brush-commutated, because the mechanical friction between brush and the rotor can reduce brush life, and may produce electric spark.The appearance of brshless DC motor is exactly in order to remedy the deficiency of mechanical commutation, uses semiconductor switch device to replace mechanical commutator, and finishes the commutation of motor under the effect of controller.
Brshless DC motor is made up of the stator of coiling, rotor and the control board of permanent magnetism.The three symmetrical star connections of the many employings of stator winding mode at present, similar and threephase asynchronous machines.Magnetic materials such as the neodymium iron boron of rotor use permanent magnetism or ferrite, rotor can produce the induced electromotive force of alternation in stator when rotating.For the position of detection rotor, in motor, hall position sensor can be installed.Control board is made of semiconductor switch device and integrated circuit.A deficiency of brshless DC motor is that must increase electronic controller could turn round.The controller of brshless DC motor need come the control switch device according to the position of rotor, finishes the commutation of motor.Simultaneously, by regulating the input voltage at motor two ends, realize speed governing.Therefore, whether the design of controller is rationally reliable, is directly connected to machine performance and reliability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current and control method thereof a kind of rational in infrastructure, simple and reliable is provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.The single-phase blower fan circuit of this electronic commutation brushless direct-current, comprise for the ac rectifier of giving the power supply of motor and Switching Power Supply, for generation of low-tension supply supply with controller and peripheral components switching power circuit, be used for control current of electric alternation the inversion commutating circuit, be used for providing the positional information of current rotor the rotor-position sensor circuit, be used for the current sampling circuit of motor winding current feedback and be used for finishing the controller of adjusting of commutation, the electric current of motor.
As preferably: described ac rectifier is made up of em filtering device, bridge rectifier and capacitive filter.
As preferably: described rotor-position sensor circuit is made up of the hall position sensor that is installed in the p-m rotor place, and the hall position sensor signal end is connected to the I/O mouth of controller.
As preferably: described current sampling circuit is linked into the A/D mouth of controller by the sampling resistor signal for detection of the motor stator winding electric current, and the A/D converter by controller converts analog voltage signal to digital signal.
As preferably: described inversion commutating circuit comprises the H bridge circuit that is made of four semiconductor power switch device V1, V2, V3, V4; Device for power switching is made of N-channel MOS FET, and integrated reverse fly-wheel diode; The last pipe of each brachium pontis is connected to the DC power supply behind the rectifying and wave-filtering, and the following pipe of brachium pontis is through sampling resistor ground connection; Two centres that line is received two brachium pontis respectively of motor winding.
As preferably: the I/O mouth of described controller connects four switching device V1, V2, V3, V4 respectively by drive circuit; When controller I/O mouth output conduction level, by drive circuit the switching device that connects is placed opening state; Turn-off level when the output of controller I/O mouth, by drive circuit the switching device that connects is placed off state.
The control method of the single-phase blower fan circuit of this electronic commutation brushless direct-current:
When controller is started working, at first detect the signal of Hall element, determine the position at current rotor place; Be high level when detecting hall signal, control V1, the V4 conducting, just have electric current from VDC through V1, winding, V4 to ground, inject excitation to motor; Have in stator winding after the electric current warp, coil can produce magnetic field; The magnetic field of stator and the magnetic field of rotor produce and interact, and promote rotor and advance;
N does not take place at rotor-position, when S replaces, V4 is conducting always, V1 carries out pulse-width modulation; During V1 opened, electric current arrived ground through V1, winding, V4, sampling resistor; At the V1 blocking interval, winding forms the continuous current circuit of a closure because inductance value is bigger, and more energy has still been put aside in inside, and electric current continues from winding, V4, V2, arrives winding again, and coil continues energising and produces magnetic field, and rotor is produced thrust; After next modulation period, V1 continues the conducting certain hour, continues to replenish the excitation to motor; After the conducting scheduled time, turn-off, repeat the process of afterflow;
Rotate at rotor N takes place, when S replaces, Hall element can detect, and level upset, notification controller take place; After controller obtains this signal, close V1, V4, open V2, V3 forces the current of electric direction to change, and is also overturn simultaneously in the magnetic field of stator, continues to follow the magnetic field of rotor, thereby rotor is produced the motive force that continues; V2, V3 conduction period is that V2 carries out pulse-width modulation equally, and V3 often opens, and process is with V1, and V4 is identical;
As above move in circles, controller is according to the signal of transducer, and control V1, V4 or V2, V3 conducting make the motor winding constantly produce the positive and negative electric current that replaces, and finish commutation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing to adopt electronic switching device, without any mechanical movement, commutation is quiet, reliable in the motor commutation process.Owing to used p-m rotor, therefore, the excitation winding of common DC motor will no longer need, and reduce loss.With respect to conventional motors, brshless DC motor has advantages such as high efficiency, low noise, long-life and speed adjustable range be wide, especially do not had mechanical commutation after, can not produce electric spark, applicable having the occasion of requirement of explosion proof.By the sampling to current signal, controller compares the current value of actual current with expectation, and then can determine on the next cycle time ratio of pipe conducting, in order to need to determine whether to increase or to reduce excitation to motor.Such benefit is to obtain the reliability of level and smooth output torque and the work of increase switching tube.Controller can be regulated the time point of commutation and the time relationship of hall signal saltus step by rational algorithm, switches to the switching tube conducting on the other diagonal in advance, makes that winding current is significantly reduced when the Hall saltus step takes place.Entire circuit and control, simple and reliable, improved machine performance and reliability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is rectifying and wave-filtering reduction voltage circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 drives control inversion commutating circuit for controller;
Fig. 3 is that inverse transformation is to the circuit working schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the corresponding relation figure of hall sensor signal and current of electric;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described further.Though the present invention will be described in conjunction with preferred embodiment, should know, do not represent to limit the invention among the described embodiment.On the contrary, the present invention will be contained alternative, modified model and the equivalent in the scope of the present invention that can be included in attached claims restriction.
With reference to figure 1, behind the electric main process EMC em filtering, through diode bridge rectification and capacitor filtering, obtain DC power supply.This DC power supply voltage is 1.4 times of civil power effective value, and namely in the 220V power supply, this voltage is 310V.In controller and peripheral circuit, power supply all is low pressure usually.Therefore the low pressure after the rectification need be carried out step-down handles.Switching Power Supply has just realized the conversion from the high pressure to low pressure.
Continuation is with reference to figure 2, and described is input and semiconductor switch device control circuit.
At the p-m rotor place, the hall position sensor for detection of rotor-position is installed, the signal of transducer is received the I/O mouth of controller.Simultaneously, also be linked into the A/D mouth of controller for detection of the sampling resistor signal of motor stator winding electric current, the A/D converter by controller converts analog voltage signal to digital signal.
Four switching devices of H bridge, the centre links to each other with the I/O mouth of controller behind overdrive circuit.When controller I/O mouth output conduction level, signal is by drive circuit, and the driving switch device is open-minded; Equally, controller can be exported shutdown signal, behind overdrive circuit, switching tube is placed off state.
With reference to figure 3, be the inversion commutating circuit.
When controller is started working, at first can detect the signal of Hall element, determine the position at current rotor place.It is wherein a certain cornerwise open-minded to control the H bridge then.Such as, detecting hall signal is high level, control V1, the V4 conducting, just have electric current from VDC through V1, winding, V4 to ground, inject excitation to motor.Have in stator winding after the electric current warp, coil can produce magnetic field.The magnetic field of stator and the magnetic field of rotor produce and interact, and promote rotor and advance.
As above said, if suitably the excitation of motor is given in control, just can control the electric current of motor winding, the ON time that therefore can control V1 adds the ratio of turn-offing to become total time with conducting, is commonly referred to the PWM pulse-width modulation, and then control inputs to the excitation of motor.
PWM, pulse modulation technology namely in the given time, is controlled the ratio of the shared total time of time of conducting.If it is not service time is 0%, namely open-minded fully; Service time 100%, namely open-minded fully.
The control signal that controller provides, therefore direct driving switch pipe needs to increase drive circuit usually.Drive circuit can change the TTL logical signal of controller output into MOSFET opens needed Vgs voltage signal, triggers the MOSFET turn-on and turn-off.
N does not take place at rotor-position, when S replaces, V4 is conducting always, V1 carries out pulse-width modulation.During V1 opened, electric current arrived ground through V1, winding, V4, sampling resistor.At the V1 blocking interval, winding forms the continuous current circuit of a closure because inductance value is bigger, and more energy has still been put aside in inside, and electric current continues from winding, V4, V2, arrives winding again, and coil continues energising and produces magnetic field, and rotor is produced thrust.After next modulation period, V1 continues the conducting certain hour, continues to replenish the excitation to motor.After the conducting scheduled time, turn-off, repeat the process of afterflow.
Rotate at rotor N takes place, when S replaces, Hall element can detect, and level upset, notification controller take place.After controller obtains this signal, close V1, V4, open V2, V3 forces the current of electric direction to change, and is also overturn simultaneously in the magnetic field of stator, continues to follow the magnetic field of rotor, thereby rotor is produced the motive force that continues.V2, V3 conduction period is that V2 carries out pulse-width modulation equally, and V3 often opens, and process is with V1, and V4 is identical.
Like this, controller is according to the signal of transducer, and control V1, V4 or V2, V3 conducting make the motor winding constantly produce the positive and negative electric current that replaces, and finish commutation.
By the sampling to current signal, controller compares the current value of actual current with expectation, and then can determine on the next cycle time ratio of pipe conducting, in order to need to determine whether to increase or to reduce excitation to motor.Such benefit is to obtain the reliability of level and smooth output torque and the work of increase switching tube.
With reference to figure 4, the corresponding relation of hall sensor signal and current of electric has been described.
When the saltus step of Hall generation signal, illustrate and N, S taken place alternately that at this time the motor winding current also should correspondingly take place alternately.
In practice, because the inductance of motor winding is bigger, during commutation, electric current can not take place with reference to the sudden change among the figure 4.Actual current should be slowly to rise or descend.
Controller can be regulated the time point of commutation and the time relationship of hall signal saltus step by rational algorithm, switches to the switching tube conducting on the other diagonal in advance, makes that winding current is significantly reduced when the Hall saltus step takes place.
Claims (7)
1. single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current is characterized in that: comprise for the ac rectifier of giving the power supply of motor and Switching Power Supply, for generation of low-tension supply supply with controller and peripheral components switching power circuit, be used for control current of electric alternation power inversion circuit, be used for providing the positional information of current rotor the rotor-position sensor circuit, be used for the current sampling circuit of motor winding current feedback and be used for finishing the controller of adjusting of commutation, the electric current of motor.
2. the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ac rectifier is made up of em filtering device, bridge rectifier and capacitive filter.
3. the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rotor-position sensor circuit is made up of the hall position sensor that is installed in the p-m rotor place, and the hall position sensor signal end is connected to the I/O mouth of controller.
4. the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described current sampling circuit is linked into the A/D mouth of controller by the sampling resistor signal for detection of the motor stator winding electric current, and the A/D converter by controller converts analog voltage signal to digital signal.
5. the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described power inversion circuit comprises the H bridge circuit that is made of four semiconductor power switch device V1, V2, V3, V4; Device for power switching is made of N-channel MOS FET, and integrated reverse fly-wheel diode; The last pipe of each brachium pontis is connected to the DC power supply behind the rectifying and wave-filtering, and the following pipe of brachium pontis is through sampling resistor ground connection; Two centres that line is received two brachium pontis respectively of motor winding.
6. the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the I/O mouth of described controller connects four switching device V1, V2, V3, V4 respectively by drive circuit; When controller I/O mouth output conduction level, by drive circuit the switching device that connects is placed opening state; Turn-off level when the output of controller I/O mouth, by drive circuit the switching device that connects is placed off state.
7. a control method that adopts the single-phase blower fan circuit of electronic commutation brushless direct-current as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when controller is started working, at first detect the signal of Hall element, determine the position at current rotor place; Be high level when detecting hall signal, control V1, the V4 conducting, just have electric current from VDC through V1, winding, V4 to ground, inject excitation to motor; Have in stator winding after the electric current warp, coil can produce magnetic field; The magnetic field of stator and the magnetic field of rotor produce and interact, and promote rotor and advance; N does not take place at rotor-position, when S replaces, V4 is conducting always, V1 carries out pulse-width modulation; During V1 opened, electric current arrived ground through V1, winding, V4, sampling resistor; At the V1 blocking interval, winding forms the continuous current circuit of a closure because inductance value is bigger, and more energy has still been put aside in inside, and electric current continues from winding, V4, V2, arrives winding again, and coil continues energising and produces magnetic field, and rotor is produced thrust; After next modulation period, V1 continues the conducting certain hour, continues to replenish the excitation to motor; After the conducting scheduled time, turn-off, repeat the process of afterflow; Rotate at rotor N takes place, when S replaces, Hall element can detect, and level upset, notification controller take place; After controller obtains this signal, close V1, V4, open V2, V3 forces the current of electric direction to change, and is also overturn simultaneously in the magnetic field of stator, continues to follow the magnetic field of rotor, thereby rotor is produced the motive force that continues; V2, V3 conduction period is that V2 carries out pulse-width modulation equally, and V3 often opens, and process is with V1, and V4 is identical; As above move in circles, controller is according to the signal of transducer, and control V1, V4 or V2, V3 conducting make the motor winding constantly produce the positive and negative electric current that replaces, and finish commutation.
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| CN2013101379260A CN103259469A (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2013-04-19 | Electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit and control method thereof |
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| CN2013101379260A CN103259469A (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2013-04-19 | Electronic commutation brushless direct current and single phase fan circuit and control method thereof |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103414343A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-11-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-voltage and high-current reversing device based on H bridge |
| CN103607163A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-02-26 | 深圳市联翔电机有限公司 | Cooling fan |
| CN104993753A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-21 | 常州格力博有限公司 | Air compressor controller based on mixed usage of alternating current and direct current |
| CN106253585A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-21 | 杭州赛微电机有限公司 | A kind of alternating electron controls permanent magnet motor |
| CN106712431A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-05-24 | 上海鼎特电器有限公司 | Single-phase permanent magnet type switching reluctance motor and control method thereof |
| CN107688117A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-02-13 | 汪明生 | A kind of two-phase stepping motor driver feedback current method of sampling |
| CN107733306A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-23 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | A kind of generator H bridges excitation unit and method suitable for aviation power system |
| CN108363008A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-08-03 | 耐世特汽车系统（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of online current control diagnostic circuit of brushed DC motor |
| CN109713953A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-03 | 峰岹科技（深圳）有限公司 | Single-phase BLDC electric machine without position driving device |
| WO2020125072A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | 厦门市必易微电子技术有限公司 | Stepless speed regulation circuit and method for single-phase motor |
| CN111585500A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-25 | 广东省大湾区集成电路与系统应用研究院 | Control method, device and equipment of power module and power equipment |
| CN111917356A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏雷利电机股份有限公司 | Control method and device, motor device and motor control parameter acquisition method |
| CN112886876A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-06-01 | Qm电力公司 | Method for a multi-speed AC motor |
| CN113019719A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Active early warning system and method for reporting abnormal state of centrifugal machine |
| CN113872396A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-31 | 长沙理工大学 | Direct-current brushless motor based on magnetic coupling resonance and control method thereof |
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| CN103414343B (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-06-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-voltage and high-current reversing device based on H bridge |
| CN103414343A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-11-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low-voltage and high-current reversing device based on H bridge |
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| CN103607163A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-02-26 | 深圳市联翔电机有限公司 | Cooling fan |
| CN104993753A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-21 | 常州格力博有限公司 | Air compressor controller based on mixed usage of alternating current and direct current |
| CN106253585A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-21 | 杭州赛微电机有限公司 | A kind of alternating electron controls permanent magnet motor |
| CN112886876A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-06-01 | Qm电力公司 | Method for a multi-speed AC motor |
| CN106712431B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2023-11-28 | 上海鼎特电器有限公司 | Single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor and control method thereof |
| CN106712431A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-05-24 | 上海鼎特电器有限公司 | Single-phase permanent magnet type switching reluctance motor and control method thereof |
| CN107688117A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-02-13 | 汪明生 | A kind of two-phase stepping motor driver feedback current method of sampling |
| CN107733306A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-23 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | A kind of generator H bridges excitation unit and method suitable for aviation power system |
| CN108363008A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-08-03 | 耐世特汽车系统（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of online current control diagnostic circuit of brushed DC motor |
| WO2020125072A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | 厦门市必易微电子技术有限公司 | Stepless speed regulation circuit and method for single-phase motor |
| US10972038B2 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2021-04-06 | Xiamen Kiwi Instruments Corporation | Stepless motor driving circuit and associated driving method |
| CN109713953A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-03 | 峰岹科技（深圳）有限公司 | Single-phase BLDC electric machine without position driving device |
| CN111585500A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-25 | 广东省大湾区集成电路与系统应用研究院 | Control method, device and equipment of power module and power equipment |
| CN111917356A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏雷利电机股份有限公司 | Control method and device, motor device and motor control parameter acquisition method |
| CN113019719B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Active reporting centrifuge abnormal state early warning system and method |
| CN113019719A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏城乡建设职业学院 | Active early warning system and method for reporting abnormal state of centrifugal machine |
| CN113872396A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-31 | 长沙理工大学 | Direct-current brushless motor based on magnetic coupling resonance and control method thereof |
| CN113872396B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-18 | 长沙理工大学 | Direct-current brushless motor based on magnetic coupling resonance and control method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130821 |