CN103123830A - Method for preparing graphene wire and cable - Google Patents
Method for preparing graphene wire and cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN103123830A CN103123830A CN2013100824350A CN201310082435A CN103123830A CN 103123830 A CN103123830 A CN 103123830A CN 2013100824350 A CN2013100824350 A CN 2013100824350A CN 201310082435 A CN201310082435 A CN 201310082435A CN 103123830 A CN103123830 A CN 103123830A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a graphene wire and cable. The method comprises the following steps of: spraying or growing a graphene functional material with superior two-dimensional conduction characteristic on a substrate membrane material, and converting disordered graphene nanosheets into highly ordered two-dimensional graphene membranes through treatment of a hot pressing technology so as to prepare the graphene membrane material with the superior two-dimensional conduction characteristic; and then winding the two-dimensional graphene membrane material into the graphene wire with superior one-dimensional conduction characteristic through a winding technology. The graphene wire has the advantages of low resistance, high conduction density, superior conduction characteristic to that of metal conductors such as copper and silver, light weight, high temperature resistance and good chemical stability; and the graphene wires can be assembled and packaged to prepare a high-current graphene cable.
Description
[technical field]
The invention relates to the electric wire field, particularly about adopting Graphene to prepare the method for electric wire.
[background technology]
Wires and cables industry is one of important supporting industry in the development of the national economy, and its output value reaches China's electrician trade 1/4th, and gross annual output value has accounted for 2% left and right of China GDP.Along with the quickening of China's Development of China's Urbanization, power grid construction develops rapidly.The demand of 110kV and above high-voltage and ultra-high grade power cable increases rapidly.Meanwhile, wires and cables industry has more urgent demand to novel electric wire, is mainly manifested in the electric wire and cable material of lightweight more, the current density of superelevation, the electron transfer rate of superelevation, lower resistivity, and better chemical stability and mechanical strength.
Graphene is the Core Feature material in this century.2010, the An Deliegaimu of Univ Manchester UK with Constantine doctor Nuo Woxiaoluofu because having shared Nobel Prize in physics in the brilliance research aspect Graphene.Come two-dimentional Graphene based on recent two decades, one dimension carbon nano-tube, and the development and application of the novel carbon back functional material such as zero dimension carbon-60, scientific circles generally believe: " 20th century were centuries of silicon (Si), and 21 century will be the century of carbon (C) ".
Graphene has following good electromechanical properties:
Electric property: the electronic movement velocity of Graphene has reached 1/300 of the light velocity, considerably beyond the movement velocity of electronics in general conductor, is the fastest electric conducting material of electronic movement velocity on the earth of finding at present, its electron mobility 〉=15000cm2/Vs.Simultaneously.The resistivity of Graphene on two dimensional surface is 10-6 Ω cm, less than the metallic conductor silver (resistivity of silver is 1.58x10-6 Ω cm) of the best.And its conduction density is 100 times of copper.
Mechanical performance: Graphene is thin, the hardest material.People's recent findings such as the James Hone of Columbia Univ USA, the hardness ratio diamond of Graphene is also high, and strength ratio is taller upper 100 times of best iron and steel in the world.
Chemical property: Graphene has stable sp2 chemical constitution, and is corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, and chemical stability is good.
High-specific surface area: specific area 〉=2650m2/g.Be easy to modification and large-scale production etc.
The pure proportion of Graphene is 2.2 g/ccs, and bulk density is less than 0.1 g/cc.Density than copper is 8.92 g/ccs, and the density of silver is 10.53 g/ccs, and Graphene is the electric conducting material of lightweight the most.
Due to the physical characteristic of above-mentioned excellence, Graphene has begun to be applied to the electric wire field.Chinese patent (application number: 201210066254.4, application publication number: CN102592720A) proposed a kind of graphene powder material that utilizes as the patent of conductive core material.Yet, (that is: the resistivity of Graphene is 10-6 Ω cm on two dimensional surface due to the two-dimentional conductive characteristic of Graphene, resistivity on Z-direction raises rapidly and is 10x10-1 Ω cm), cause the poly-6.6x10-3 Ω cm that is down to of resistivity of the chaotic graphene powder of piling up.This has just affected the conductive characteristic of Graphene widely, than plain conductor such as copper and silver too wide in the gap.Consider the conductive characteristic that graphene powder is relatively poor, another Chinese patent (Granted publication number: CN202307250U) propose a kind ofly to replace tin diaphragm in cable with Graphene, and be not that Graphene is used for conductive core material.The 3rd Chinese patent (Granted publication number: CN202694887U) be the superelevation mechanical strength of utilizing Graphene, apply a layer graphene outside the sheath of cable, to prevent that mouse stings bad cable, but this patent just utilizes Graphene as the sheath of cable, does not take full advantage of the conductive characteristic of Graphene.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing the Graphene electric wire heart yearn with excellent one-dimensional electric characteristic.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing the Graphene electric wire.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing the Graphene cable.
For reaching aforementioned purpose, the preparation method of a kind of Graphene electric wire of the present invention heart yearn: it comprises:
A kind of base film material is provided, and wherein the base film material comprises the composite material of insulating film material or conducting membrane material or dielectric film and conducting film;
Thereby form graphene film and form graphene composite film on described base film material;
Described graphene composite film is carried out hot-pressing processing, obtain having the graphene composite film that the height sequential 2 D is arranged;
To cut out through heat treated graphene composite film, the curling Graphene electric wire heart yearn of making;
According to one embodiment of present invention, thereby the method that wherein forms graphene film formation graphene composite film on the base film material is to adopt the growth technique of graphene film, be that graphene film passes through the physical chemistry vapour deposition, the molecular chemistry vapour deposition, the high pressure vapor growth, epitaxial growth, the organic molecular film thermal cracking, one or more in the methods such as carborundum (SiC) thermal cracking, the continuous growth of realization on insulating film material or conducting membrane material, at the thickness of the graphene film that forms on the base film material between 10 nanometers to 500 micron.
According to one embodiment of present invention, thereby be wherein to adopt the coating process of graphene film in the method that forms graphene film formation graphene composite film on the base film material, be that graphene film is by spraying plating, coating, electroplate, the method of magnetron sputtering is coated on insulating film material or conducting membrane material, at the thickness of the graphene film that forms on base film between 10 nanometers to 500 micron.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the heat pressing process that wherein said hot-pressing processing is used comprises hot-rolling compression technology, heat and other static pressuring processes.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the set temperature range of wherein said hot-pressing processing is 80 ° of C to 600 ° of C, and set pressure range is that 0.5 MPa (MPa) is to 100 MPas (MPa).
According to one embodiment of present invention, the heat pressing process that wherein said hot-pressing processing is used can be single, can be also repeated technique.
For reaching aforementioned another purpose, a kind of method for preparing the Graphene electric wire of the present invention, it comprises will adopt the Graphene electric wire heart yearn of preceding method preparation, then coat encapsulation with insulating material, be prepared into the Graphene electric wire.
For reaching an aforementioned purpose again, a kind of method of making the Graphene cable of the present invention, it comprises that the Graphene electric wire that preceding method is made is with single core, twin-core or the combination more than three cores, according to the order of heart yearn, insulating material, filler, rubber insulation, be packaged into the Graphene cable that possesses large electric current conveying capacity.
The present invention takes full advantage of the two-dimentional conductive characteristic of Graphene excellence, Graphene is generated or spraying plating in base film material (comprising insulating material and metallic conduction material), convert the graphene nano microplate of lack of alignment to the graphene composite film with excellent two-dimentional conductive characteristic that high-sequential is arranged by heat pressing process.Further, above-mentioned two-dimentional graphene composite film coiling is formed the Graphene electric wire of one dimension.The Graphene electric wire that generates utilizes the excellent conductive characteristic on the Graphene two dimensional surface, realizes carrying to the electric current that one-dimensional square makes progress.Its resistivity can be lower than best electric conducting material silver, i.e. the resistivity 1.58x10 of the resistivity of Graphene≤silver
-6Ω cm.Simultaneously, the electronic movement velocity of Graphene electric wire is faster than the electronic movement velocity of copper and silver-colored electric wire, and conduction density is larger, and weight is lighter, and is high temperature resistant, and have good chemical stability.With the Graphene electric wire with single core, twin-core, three cores and even more after the multicore assembled package just can be prepared high-current cable, this just can satisfy the low-loss long distance power transmission of low resistance of large electric current.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the present invention prepares Graphene wire core line method.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the present invention prepares the preparation graphene composite film step of Graphene electric wire heart yearn.
Fig. 3 be the present invention prepare Graphene electric wire heart yearn graphene composite film is carried out the schematic diagram of hot-pressing processing step.
Fig. 4 be the present invention prepare Graphene electric wire heart yearn graphene composite film is cut out curling flow chart of steps.
Fig. 5 be the present invention prepare Graphene electric wire heart yearn graphene composite film is cut out the schematic diagram of curling step.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the Graphene cable for preparing of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Alleged " embodiment " or " embodiment " refer to be contained in special characteristic, structure or the characteristic at least one implementation of the present invention herein.Different local in this manual " in one embodiment " that occur not are all to refer to same embodiment, neither be independent or the embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiment optionally.
As previously mentioned, due to the premium properties of grapheme material, now had the technology of graphene powder material as conductive core material, but (that is: the resistivity of Graphene is 10 on two dimensional surface due to the two-dimentional conductive characteristic of Graphene
-6Ω cm, the resistivity on Z-direction raises rapidly and is 10x10
-1Ω cm), cause the poly-6.6x10 that is down to of resistivity of the chaotic graphene powder of piling up
-3Ω cm.This has just affected the conductive characteristic of Graphene widely.The invention provides a kind of with grapheme material through after processing as the technology of wiring conductive core, prepare the method for the Graphene electric wire with excellent resistivity.
See also shown in Figure 1, the method for preparing Graphene electric wire heart yearn of the present invention, its concrete technology step comprises:
Step S1: a kind of base film material is provided, and wherein the base film material comprises the composite material of insulating film material or conducting membrane material or dielectric film and conducting film.
Step S2: form graphene composite film thereby form graphene film on described base film material.
Step S3: graphene composite film is carried out hot-pressing processing, obtain having the graphene composite film that the height sequential 2 D is arranged;
Step S4: will cut out through heat treated graphene composite film, the curling Graphene electric wire heart yearn of making.
Below in conjunction with diagram, aforementioned concrete steps are elaborated.
See also shown in Figure 2, the base film material 1 that provides in abovementioned steps S1, wherein insulating film material can be polyethylene for example, polyvinyl chloride etc., conducting membrane material can be copper for example, aluminium, silver, gold copper-base alloy etc.The composite material of dielectric film and conducting film is that wherein, the thickness of insulating material should be more than or equal to the thickness of electric conducting material with insulating material and the superimposed composite material of metal material.The thickness of base film material can be from 10 nanometers to 500 micron and even 5 millimeters.
Please continue to consult shown in Figure 2, thereby abovementioned steps S2 forms graphene film 2 to form graphene composite films 10 on base film material 1.
The method that wherein forms graphene film 2 on base film material 1 can comprise again two kinds, a kind of is the growth technique of graphene film, be that graphene film can pass through the physical chemistry vapour deposition, the molecular chemistry vapour deposition, the high pressure vapor growth, epitaxial growth, organic molecular film thermal cracking, the methods such as carborundum (SiC) thermal cracking realize the continuous growth on insulating body membrane material or conducting membrane material.Can be between 10 nanometers to 500 micron at the thickness of the graphene film that forms on base film, thus graphene composite film formed.
Another method that forms graphene film on base film is the coating process of graphene film, and namely graphene film can be by spraying plating, and coating is electroplated, and the methods such as magnetron sputtering are coated on insulating film material or conducting membrane material.Can be between 10 nanometers to 500 micron at the thickness of the graphene film that forms on base film, thus graphene composite film formed.
As previously mentioned, wherein the base film material can be the composite material of insulating film material or conducting membrane material or dielectric film and conducting film, the graphene composite film 10 of preparing according to abovementioned steps S2 like this can be namely dielectric film/graphene film or metal conductive film/graphene film again or dielectric film/metal conductive film/graphene film.Wherein dielectric film/graphene film has lighter quality, the characteristic of better reeling and corrosion resistance.Graphene in metal conductive film/graphene film is arranged more orderly, therefore have better conductive characteristic, but quality is heavier, and corrosion resistance is poorer.The conductive characteristic of dielectric film/metal conductive film/graphene film have corrosion resistance preferably, but technique is more complicated between between the two above-mentioned, and cost is higher.Described three kinds of composite membranes can customize for different demands.
Have to a certain degree lack of alignment according to graphene nano microplate in the graphene composite film of abovementioned steps S2 preparation, cause the rising of graphene composite film resistivity.Therefore need to process the graphene composite film of preparation.
See also shown in Figure 3, the graphene composite film 10 of the lack of alignment that abovementioned steps S1 is prepared carries out the hot-pressing processing of step S3, obtain having the graphene composite film 10 that the height sequential 2 D is arranged, wherein the heat pressing process that uses of the heat treatment in step S3 comprises hot-rolling compression technology, heat and other static pressuring processes etc.The set temperature range of heat pressing process is 80 ° of C to 600 ° of C, and set pressure range is that 0.5 MPa (MPa) is to 100 MPas (MPa).Finally the determining to be dependent on the hot ability to bear of base film material of technological parameter and determining.The heat pressing process that uses can be single, can be also repeated technique.By hot-pressing processing, lack of alignment that can decrease graphene nano microplate, optimization process can realize the two-dimentional Orienting ordered arrangement of 95% to 100% graphene nano microplate.And through hot-pressing processing technique, the graphene film in composite membrane has the sequential 2 D of height to be arranged, and has possessed excellent two-dimentional conductive characteristic, and its resistivity can be low to moderate 1.0x10
-6Ω cm.
See also Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, wherein abovementioned steps S4 will cut out through heat treated graphene composite film 10, the curling step of making Graphene electric wire heart yearn specifically comprises:
Step S41: cut out technique, at first with prepared graphene composite film 10(namely: dielectric film/graphene film or metal conductive film/graphene film or dielectric film/metal conductive film/graphene film) national standard according to the electric wire radius requires to cut out, and uses in order to follow-up winding process.The graphene composite film of namely preparing may be a very large film of size, need and to be cut into undersized graphene composite film by large-sized graphene composite film, and the size of cutting out is advisable with the follow-up electric wire radius that this graphene composite film can be wound into national standard.
Step S42: winding process, as shown in Figure 5, the graphene composite film 10 of the arrangement of the sequential 2 D after aforementioned cutting out is made radius by winding process meet the desired Graphene electric wire of national standard heart yearn.Wherein the number of plies of graphene composite film coiling is determined the standard of electric wire and the thickness of graphene composite film by country.Such as if be wound into thinner electric wire, the number of plies of reeling is just fewer, if be wound into thicker electric wire, the number of plies of reeling is just many.If the Thickness Ratio of graphene composite film is thicker, when being wound into thinner electric wire, the number of plies of reeling is also fewer, if the Thickness Ratio of graphene composite film is thinner, when being wound into thinner electric wire, the number of plies of reeling again can be different, so the number of plies that graphene composite film is reeled is determined the standard of electric wire and the thickness of graphene composite film by country.
The Graphene electric wire heart yearn of reeling has realized that two-dimentional conductive characteristic is to the conversion of one-dimensional electric characteristic, eliminate to greatest extent the phenomenon that resistivity that the lack of alignment due to the graphene nano microplate causes raises, made the Graphene electric wire can reach minimum resistivity (that is: 1.0x10
-6Ω cm), conduction density is better than the metal cordses such as copper and silver.Simultaneously, compare with silver-colored electric wire with copper, the weight of Graphene electric wire will reduce by 1 to 10 times, and will be high temperature resistant, and have good chemical stability.
Above preparation be the heart yearn of electric wire, can encapsulate by electric wire encapsulation step S5 when preparation Graphene electric wire: be about to the Graphene electric wire heart yearn through reeling, coat encapsulation with insulating material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride again, namely be prepared into the Graphene electric wire.
As shown in Figure 6, if when needing the Graphene cable of the large electric current of preparation, can be with above-mentioned Graphene electric wire with single core, twin-core, to such an extent as to the above combination of three cores, according to heart yearn 10, insulating material 20, filler 30, the national standard requirement of rubber insulation 40 is packaged into the Graphene electric wire that possesses large electric current conveying capacity.
The present invention takes full advantage of the two-dimentional conductive characteristic of Graphene excellence, Graphene is generated or spraying plating in base film material (comprising insulating material and metallic conduction material), convert the graphene nano microplate of lack of alignment to the graphene composite film with excellent two-dimentional conductive characteristic that high-sequential is arranged by heat pressing process.Further, above-mentioned two-dimentional graphene composite film coiling is formed the Graphene electric wire of one dimension.The Graphene electric wire that generates utilizes the excellent conductive characteristic on the Graphene two dimensional surface, realizes carrying to the electric current that one-dimensional square makes progress.Its resistivity can be lower than best electric conducting material silver, i.e. the resistivity 1.58x10 of the resistivity of Graphene≤silver
-6Ω cm.Simultaneously, the electronic movement velocity of Graphene electric wire is faster than the electronic movement velocity of copper and silver-colored electric wire, and conduction density is larger, and weight is lighter, and is high temperature resistant, and have good chemical stability.With the Graphene electric wire with single core, twin-core, three cores and even more after the multicore assembled package just can be prepared high-current cable, this just can satisfy the low-loss long distance power transmission of low resistance of large electric current.
Above-mentioned explanation has fully disclosed the specific embodiment of the present invention.It is pointed out that being familiar with any change that the person skilled in art does the specific embodiment of the present invention does not all break away from the scope of claims of the present invention.Correspondingly, the scope of claim of the present invention also is not limited only to previous embodiment.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a Graphene electric wire heart yearn: it comprises:
A kind of base film material is provided, and wherein the base film material comprises the composite material of insulating film material or conducting membrane material or dielectric film and conducting film;
Thereby form graphene film and form graphene composite film on described base film material;
Described graphene composite film is carried out hot-pressing processing, obtain having the graphene composite film that the height sequential 2 D is arranged;
To cut out through heat treated graphene composite film, the curling Graphene electric wire heart yearn of making.
2. the method for claim 1, thereby the method that wherein forms graphene film formation graphene composite film on the base film material is to adopt the growth technique of graphene film, be that graphene film passes through the physical chemistry vapour deposition, the molecular chemistry vapour deposition, the high pressure vapor growth, epitaxial growth, the organic molecular film thermal cracking, one or more in the methods such as carborundum (SiC) thermal cracking, the continuous growth of realization on insulating film material or conducting membrane material, at the thickness of the graphene film that forms on the base film material between 10 nanometers to 500 micron.
3. the method for claim 1, thereby be wherein to adopt the coating process of graphene film in the method that forms graphene film formation graphene composite film on the base film material, be that graphene film is by spraying plating, coating, electroplate, the method of magnetron sputtering is coated on insulating film material or conducting membrane material, at the thickness of the graphene film that forms on base film between 10 nanometers to 500 micron.
4. the method for claim 1, the heat pressing process that wherein said hot-pressing processing is used comprises hot-rolling compression technology, heat and other static pressuring processes.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, the set temperature range of wherein said hot-pressing processing is 80 ° of C to 600 ° of C, set pressure range is that 0.5 MPa (MPa) is to 100 MPas (MPa).
6. method as claimed in claim 4, the heat pressing process that wherein said hot-pressing processing is used can be single, can be also repeated technique.
7. method for preparing the Graphene electric wire, it comprises the Graphene electric wire heart yearn of the method preparation that will adopt aforementioned claim 1-6, then coats encapsulation with insulating material, is prepared into the Graphene electric wire.
8. method of making the Graphene cable, it is characterized in that: the Graphene electric wire that aforementioned method claimed in claim 7 is made is with single core, twin-core or the combination more than three cores, according to the order of heart yearn, insulating material, filler, rubber insulation, be packaged into the Graphene cable that possesses large electric current conveying capacity.
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