CN103036250B - Island detection and control method of distributed energy resource of safety automatic control system - Google Patents
Island detection and control method of distributed energy resource of safety automatic control system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103036250B CN103036250B CN201210516878.1A CN201210516878A CN103036250B CN 103036250 B CN103036250 B CN 103036250B CN 201210516878 A CN201210516878 A CN 201210516878A CN 103036250 B CN103036250 B CN 103036250B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- distributed
- frequency difference
- frequency
- electrical source
- distributed electrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an island detection and control method of a distributed energy resource of a safety automatic control system. The island detection and control method of the distributed energy resource of the safety automatic control system comprises the following steps: synchronous measurement of frequency of a distributed power supply is carried out by a control terminal installed on the side of the distributed power supply, time scales are stamped, and synchronously measured frequency data are sent to the side of an utility grid through the 3rd-generation (3G) network; synchronous measurement of frequency of the utility grid is carried out by a control terminal installed on the side of the utility grid, time scales are stamped, and the synchronously measured frequency data sent from the side of the distributed power supply is received; the control terminal installed on the side of the utility grid calculates frequency difference between the side of the utility grid and the side of the distributed power supply according to the time scales; if the frequency difference exceeds a set operate value, a trip command is sent to the side of the distributed power supply after a delay of given time; if the frequency difference exceeds a set starting value and does not exceed the set operate value, a frequency difference energy integral value Kdf needs to be calculated; and if Kdf exceeds a set frequency difference energy integral value, a trip command is sent to the side of the distributed power supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of electric power, particularly a kind of islanding detect, control method of distributed energy of the automated security control system based on 3G network.
Background technology
So-called island phenomenon, refer in distributed generation system, when mains supply because failure accident or have a power failure maintenance and after tripping, the distributed grid-connected electricity generation system of each user side fails detect power down mode in time thus self is cut off electricity network, the final isolated island electricity generation system forming the self-energizing be made up of distributed power station grid-connected system and its connected load.The generation of island effect can bring serious potential safety hazard to system equipment and related personnel, comprise: (1) island effect make voltage and frequency out of hand, will be there is larger fluctuation in the voltage in islanded system and frequency, thus cause damage to electrical network and subscriber equipment; (2) when islanded system is accessed electrical network again, because the distributed power generation unit in system during reclosing may be asynchronous and make release unit be damaged with electrical network, and very high impulse current may be produced, thus the distributed power generation unit in infringement islanded system, even cause electrical network again to trip; (3) island effect may can not be removed by causing trouble, thus causes the infringement of grid equipment, and disturbs the automatic or manual of electrical network normal power supply system to recover; (4) the island effect circuit that makes some be considered to disconnect with all power supplys is charged, and this can bring the danger of electric shock to related personnel.Therefore, in distributed generation system, if can quick obtaining isolated island information carry out emergency control in utility network side, personnel and equipment breakdown can be avoided to occur.
The island protect of distributed generation system has two kinds, based on by the local electrical quantities that collects of monitoring grid-connecting apparatus with based on the anti-islanding protection communicated.Island protect based on communication is divided into intertripping island protect and carrier wave island protect etc.Traditional intertripping island protect wiring is complicated, needs to connect a large amount of control cables.Island protect based on local measurement comprises passive type and active alone island protection, and passive type island protect also exists check frequency, and active alone island protection needs to add disturbing signal to system, and can only install at distributed electrical source.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention proposes a kind of islanding detect, control method being suitable for the distributed energy of the automated security control system of anti-island protect function.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, islanding detect, the control method of the distributed energy of the automated security control system provided of the present invention, comprise the steps:
The control terminal being installed in distributed electrical source carries out synchro measure frequency to this distributed power source, and stamps markers, and synchro measure frequency data are sent to utility network side by 3G network;
The control terminal being installed in utility network side carries out synchro measure frequency to utility network, and stamps markers, receives the synchro measure frequency data that distributed electrical source send simultaneously;
Be installed in the control terminal of utility network side according to markers, calculate the frequency difference of utility network side and distributed electrical source, if this frequency difference is more than a set action value, (this set action value is generally ± 0.5Hz, concrete numeric reference State Grid Corporation of China company standard Q/GDW617-2011: photovoltaic plant access electric power network technique regulation), send trip signal through given time delay (being generally less than 160 milliseconds) backward distributed electrical source; If described frequency difference exceeds a setting initiation value (be generally 0.1Hz, this setting initiation value requires to be greater than terminal acquisition precision), but does not exceed described set action value, then following formula (1) is adopted to calculate frequency difference energy product score value K
df:
…（1）
In formula, Df: the frequency difference of public network side and distributed electrical source;
If K
dfmore than a frequency difference energy integral set point, then send trip signal to distributed electrical source.
Be installed in the control terminal of distributed electrical source, after the trip signal receiving utility network side, the grid-connected circuit breaker of tripping, eliminates island operation state.
Relative to prior art, the technique effect that the solution of the present invention has: (1) the present invention is by gathering the frequency of utility network side and the frequency of distributed electrical source, method is simple and reliable, the mode of connection is simple, be convenient to engineering construction, realize the detection of isolated island within the scope of from grid-connected circuit breaker to utility network side bus.When frequency difference exceed setting initiation value, do not exceed set action value time, adopt frequency difference method of energy integral to differentiate, effectively decrease check frequency, effectively ensured the islanding detect rate of distributed energy, expand islanding detect scope, improve safe operation of electric network.(2) alone island detection system for distributed energy of the present invention comprises: distributed electrical source, the synchro measure based on 3G network of transformer substation side and control terminal.The terminal of transformer substation side and the terminal of distributed electrical source unify beat by global clock synchro system, carry out strange land high-speed synchronous sampling, gather electric parameters calculated rate, form the frequency data of band absolute time mark, the dynamic frequency data of band absolute time mark are sent to transformer substation side terminal by 3G wireless network by distributed electrical source.Transformer station's terminal is according to distributed electrical source and transformer substation side frequency data, frequency difference energy integral principle is adopted to differentiate distributed power source running status, by 3G network, the corresponding command is sent to distributed electrical source side termination, solve the grid-connected derivative islanding problem of distributed power source.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the islanding detect schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure: Df: for public network lateral terminal calculates public network side and distributed electrical source difference on the frequency; Fsys: for public network lateral terminal calculates public network frequency; Fdg: distributed electrical source frequency; The given time delay of Fset1: set action value, Tset1; Kdf: frequency difference energy product score value, Kset2 frequency difference energy set-point;
Fig. 2 is distributed power source connecting system automated security control system of the present invention and terminal equipment layout plan thereof.
Embodiment
The islanding detect of the distributed energy of the automated security control system of the present embodiment, control method, comprise the steps:
The control terminal being installed in distributed electrical source carries out synchro measure frequency to this distributed power source, and stamps markers, and synchro measure frequency data are sent to utility network side by 3G network;
The control terminal being installed in utility network side carries out synchro measure frequency to utility network, and stamps markers, receives the synchro measure frequency data that distributed electrical source send simultaneously;
Be installed in the control terminal of utility network side according to markers, calculate the frequency difference of utility network side and distributed electrical source, if this frequency difference is more than a set action value, (this set action value is generally ± 0.5Hz, concrete numerical value also can with reference to State Grid Corporation of China company standard Q/GDW617-2011: photovoltaic plant access electric power network technique regulation), send trip signal through given time delay (being generally less than 160 milliseconds) backward distributed electrical source; If described frequency difference exceeds a setting initiation value (be generally 0.1Hz, this setting initiation value requires to be greater than terminal acquisition precision), but does not exceed described set action value, then following formula (1) is adopted to calculate frequency difference energy product score value K
df:
…（1）
In formula, Df: the frequency difference of public network side and distributed electrical source;
If K
dfmore than a frequency difference energy integral set point, then send trip signal to distributed electrical source.
Be installed in the control terminal of distributed electrical source, after the trip signal receiving utility network side, the grid-connected circuit breaker of tripping, eliminates island operation state.
When frequency difference exceed setting initiation value, do not exceed set action value time, adopt frequency difference method of energy integral to differentiate, effectively decrease check frequency, effectively ensured the islanding detect rate of distributed energy, expand islanding detect scope, improve safe operation of electric network.
The terminal of transformer substation side and the terminal of distributed electrical source unify beat by global clock synchro system, carry out strange land high-speed synchronous sampling, gather electric parameters calculated rate, form the frequency data of band absolute time mark, the dynamic frequency data of band absolute time mark are sent to transformer substation side terminal by 3G wireless network by distributed electrical source.Transformer station's terminal is according to distributed electrical source and transformer substation side frequency data, frequency difference energy integral principle is adopted to differentiate distributed power source running status, by 3G network, the corresponding command is sent to distributed electrical source side termination, solve the grid-connected derivative islanding problem of distributed power source.
Claims (1)
1. islanding detect, the control method of the distributed energy of automated security control system, is characterized in that comprising:
The control terminal being installed in distributed electrical source carries out synchro measure frequency to this distributed power source, and stamps markers, and synchro measure frequency data are sent to utility network side by 3G network;
The control terminal being installed in utility network side carries out synchro measure frequency to utility network, and stamps markers, receives the synchro measure frequency data that distributed electrical source send simultaneously;
Be installed in the control terminal of utility network side according to markers, calculate the frequency difference of utility network side and distributed electrical source, if this frequency difference is more than a set action value, after given time delay, send trip signal to distributed electrical source; If described frequency difference exceeds a setting initiation value, but do not exceed described set action value, then adopt following formula (1) to calculate frequency difference energy product score value K
df:
…（1）
In formula, Df: the frequency difference of public network side and distributed electrical source;
If K
dfmore than a frequency difference energy integral set point, then send trip signal to distributed electrical source;
Be installed in the control terminal of distributed electrical source, after the trip signal receiving utility network side, the grid-connected circuit breaker of tripping, eliminates island operation state.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510179630.4A CN104764961B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201510179773.5A CN104779641B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201210516878.1A CN103036250B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | Island detection and control method of distributed energy resource of safety automatic control system |
| CN201510179759.5A CN104764962B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
| CN201510178932.XA CN104764960B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
| PCT/CN2013/079394 WO2014086147A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2013-07-15 | Method for detecting and controlling island of distributed energy source of safety automatic control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210516878.1A CN103036250B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | Island detection and control method of distributed energy resource of safety automatic control system |
Related Child Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510179773.5A Division CN104779641B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201510179630.4A Division CN104764961B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201510178932.XA Division CN104764960B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
| CN201510179759.5A Division CN104764962B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103036250A CN103036250A (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| CN103036250B true CN103036250B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
Family
ID=48022867
Family Applications (5)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510179630.4A Active CN104764961B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201210516878.1A Active CN103036250B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | Island detection and control method of distributed energy resource of safety automatic control system |
| CN201510179759.5A Active CN104764962B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
| CN201510179773.5A Active CN104779641B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201510178932.XA Active CN104764960B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510179630.4A Active CN104764961B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
Family Applications After (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510179759.5A Active CN104764962B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
| CN201510179773.5A Active CN104779641B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | The island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| CN201510178932.XA Active CN104764960B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | A kind of isolated island detection of distributed energy, control method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (5) | CN104764961B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014086147A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104764961B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2017-11-21 | 国网江苏省电力公司常州供电公司 | A kind of island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
| US9520819B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2016-12-13 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling a power generation system based on a detected islanding event |
| CN103944160B (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-07 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of distribution network protection based on distributed power generation characteristic and automatics fitting method |
| CN105391033B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-06-26 | 国网甘肃省电力公司 | Layering for large-scale wind power generation divides domain anti-isolated island guard method |
| CN105372529B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-03-19 | 国网甘肃省电力公司 | For the power grid isolated island detection of large-scale wind power and anti-isolated island guard method |
| CN106684844B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-12-04 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of power distribution network isolated island recognition methods |
| CN111769560B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-25 | 国家电网公司西南分部 | Emergency drop risk control method for power system with photovoltaic power generation |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4085843B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2008-05-14 | 株式会社大林組 | Power supply system and method of operating power supply system |
| CN201438201U (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-04-14 | 江苏省电力公司苏州供电公司 | Secondary loop circuit voltage drop synchronous detection device for voltage mutual inductor |
| CN102270844A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2011-12-07 | 西藏电力有限公司 | Novel low-frequency unloading setting method aiming at isolated power grid |
| CN102684175A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-19 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Implementation method for micro grid protector |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7106564B2 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2006-09-12 | Ballard Power Systems Corporation | Devices and methods for detecting islanding operation of a static power source |
| KR101015802B1 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2011-02-18 | 창원대학교 산학협력단 | Single Phase Photovoltaic Power Generation System For Anti-islanding Driver |
| CN101794988B (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-07-04 | 华中科技大学 | Method for detecting piconet island state |
| CN101834431A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-09-15 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Method for preventing grid-connected island effect of distributed power source |
| CN102157961A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-17 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Micro-net control device |
| CN202042911U (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-11-16 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Micro grid control device |
| CN102694381B (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2014-07-23 | 珠海优特电力科技股份有限公司 | Multistage electrical-network self-healing control method |
| CN102255330A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-11-23 | 河南电力试验研究院 | Device and method for detecting island of micro power grid system |
| CN202940577U (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-05-15 | 江苏省电力公司常州供电公司 | Safe automatic control system for islanding detection of distributed energy |
| CN105305629B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2017-11-21 | 江苏省电力公司常州供电公司 | Method of work for the Automatic safety control system for island detection of distributed energy |
| CN104764961B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2017-11-21 | 国网江苏省电力公司常州供电公司 | A kind of island detection method of the distributed energy of automated security control system |
-
2012
- 2012-12-05 CN CN201510179630.4A patent/CN104764961B/en active Active
- 2012-12-05 CN CN201210516878.1A patent/CN103036250B/en active Active
- 2012-12-05 CN CN201510179759.5A patent/CN104764962B/en active Active
- 2012-12-05 CN CN201510179773.5A patent/CN104779641B/en active Active
- 2012-12-05 CN CN201510178932.XA patent/CN104764960B/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-07-15 WO PCT/CN2013/079394 patent/WO2014086147A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4085843B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2008-05-14 | 株式会社大林組 | Power supply system and method of operating power supply system |
| CN201438201U (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-04-14 | 江苏省电力公司苏州供电公司 | Secondary loop circuit voltage drop synchronous detection device for voltage mutual inductor |
| CN102270844A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2011-12-07 | 西藏电力有限公司 | Novel low-frequency unloading setting method aiming at isolated power grid |
| CN102684175A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-19 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Implementation method for micro grid protector |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 分布式发电并网系统中孤岛检测方法的综述研究;程启明等;《电力系统保护与控制》;20110316;第39卷(第6期);第147-154页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103036250A (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| CN104764961B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| WO2014086147A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
| CN104764961A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| CN104779641A (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| CN104764960B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| CN104764962B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| CN104764962A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| CN104779641B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| CN104764960A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103036250B (en) | Island detection and control method of distributed energy resource of safety automatic control system | |
| Mulhausen et al. | Anti-islanding today, successful islanding in the future | |
| CN102611086B (en) | Centralized protection system and method for region distribution network | |
| CN103124068B (en) | A kind of anti-island protect system of distributed power generation grid-connected system and guard method thereof | |
| CN102684175B (en) | A kind of implementation method of micro-capacitance sensor protection | |
| CN102969794B (en) | For the automated security control system of the islanding detect of distributed energy | |
| CN203312781U (en) | Integrated anti-islanding protection system for distributed power generation | |
| CN104362579A (en) | Method for increasing reclosing success rates of tie lines of clustered wind power plants | |
| CN101714756B (en) | Equivalent negative sequence impedance-based distributed generator islanding protection method | |
| CN103812095A (en) | Directional pilot protection method for power distribution network containing distributed generation | |
| Liu | Analysis of Brazilian blackout on March 21st, 2018 and revelations to security for Hunan Grid | |
| Zhang et al. | PMU based islanding detection to improve system operation | |
| CN105372529A (en) | Power grid islanding detection and anti-islanding protection method for large-scale wind power generation system | |
| CN104882904A (en) | Novel photovoltaic power station passive anti-islanding protection method | |
| CN202940577U (en) | Safe automatic control system for islanding detection of distributed energy | |
| CN105391033A (en) | Layered domain-partitioned anti-islanding protection method for large-scale wind power generation | |
| Cao et al. | PMU based islanding detection method for large photovoltaic power station | |
| Laaksonen | IED functionalities fulfilling future smart grid requirements | |
| CN103730914B (en) | The anti-islanding device differentiated based on electric parameters and method of work thereof | |
| CN103257291B (en) | Multipoint synchronous sampling system, the method for sampling and the line differential protection method that confluxes | |
| CN105978017A (en) | Method for detection and protection of island with anti-theft and anti-tripping function aiming at large-scale wind power | |
| Zhang et al. | Configuration, cooperation and existing problems of wind farm relay protection | |
| CN106451773A (en) | Realization method for process layer equipment of automatic system of intelligent substation with function decoupling effect | |
| Moxley et al. | Case studies: Synchrophasor WAMPAC maximizes stability and economy | |
| He et al. | Research on the system protection for enhancing the accommodation and transmission of large scale Wind Power |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |