CN102904259B - PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)-inverter-based cascade STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) control method - Google Patents
PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)-inverter-based cascade STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102904259B CN102904259B CN201210269755.2A CN201210269755A CN102904259B CN 102904259 B CN102904259 B CN 102904259B CN 201210269755 A CN201210269755 A CN 201210269755A CN 102904259 B CN102904259 B CN 102904259B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
Abstract
The invention relates to a PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)-inverter-based cascade STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) control method. The method comprises the following steps that: S1: to-be-compensated reactive power of a power grid and a reference reactive power output by a compensator are subjected to PI adjustment, thereby obtaining the reactive power output by the compensator; S2. an offset angle delta between a power supply voltage and a STATCOM output voltage can be obtained through the reactive power calculation; S3. the sine of an angle obtained from adding initial phase angle obtained by a phase-locked loop to the offset angle delta is solved, thereby obtaining a reference voltage waveform required by the PAM inverter; S4. the switch angle of each H-bridge is calculated through PAM modulation for the reference voltage, finally the compensation voltage output by each phase of the reactive compensator through lamination is obtained; and S5. aiming at the variation required by reactive compensation, a neural network adaptive PI controller is adopted, parameters of the controller kp and ki are set on line by the neural network, and the neural network sets the parameters of the PI controller according to the running state of the system through self learning and the adjustment on the weight number so as to achieve the best performance index.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the STATCOM in electric power quality reactive power compensation, particularly relate to a kind of STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter.
Background technology
STATCOM (STATCOM) can effective compensation reactive power, maintains the voltage stabilization of access point, thereby reaches the object of improving the quality of power supply.Compare traditional Static Var Compensator (SVC), STATCOM has better reactive power characteristic and voltage stabilization characteristic, and cascaded multilevel structure, except having, harmonic wave of output voltage is little, loss is low, low cost and other advantages, also have simple in structure, required device is few, be easy to expansion and modular feature, being the optimal selection of the many level of large capacity, is also the focus of Recent study.
Pulse modulation mode is to reduce the effective ways of contained low-order harmonic composition in inverter output voltage, has again the function of adjusting output frequency and output voltage simultaneously, therefore in electrical engineering and power industry field, has obtained developing widely and applying.Up to the present, pulse modulation mode mainly contains 3 kinds of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse frequency modulated (PFM).Wherein first two modulation system is used more, particularly PWM mode is controlled at converter system with its good variable voltage variable frequency characteristic and harmonic suppression effect, Electric Machine Control and other electrical industry fields are generally paid attention to. but PWM system is in structure, control, operation, debug and safeguard that aspect is all relatively complicated and difficult, add the impact of some measures in PWM method implementation process, as can making frequency converter, the existence of Dead Time can not completely accurately reappear the ideal waveform of pwm control signal, can not accurately realize control target, or produce more multiple-harmonic and cause output torque pulsation, or make electric current, magnetic linkage tracking performance variation, these factors all make PWM mode can not obtain gratifying control effect in some application scenario.And as concerned degree, can not show a candle to the PAM mode of PWM mode, have switching loss low, control simple, system effectiveness high; Meanwhile, PAM mode can reach with lower switching frequency the harmonic wave eradicating efficacy close with PWM mode, and this is also a remarkable advantage of PAM mode.
Summary of the invention
For some application scenario, do not need pressure regulation, only need to improve output voltage waveforms, reduce harmonic content, the present invention proposes a kind of STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter.The method, according to solving optimal objective function, solves the switch angle of each H bridge, and finally stack obtains the voltage waveform of desired output; And in solution dc-voltage balance problem, adopt the circulation of H bridge modulation ratio to exchange control program; For idle variation to be compensated, neural net adaptive PI controller has been proposed to regulate PI parameter.
The present invention takes following technical scheme: the STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter, it is characterized in that: it can be according to the variation of required compensating power, by PAM modulator approach, under lower switching frequency, realize the object of reactive power compensation, for different access loads, select corresponding PI controller parameter, to adapt to the variation of load.
A cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter, comprises the following steps:
S1: the reference reactive power of the reactive power that electrical network is to be compensated and the output of compensator device regulates the reactive power that is compensated device output by PI;
S2: above-mentioned reactive power is brought into Q in formula (1) by calculating the deviation angle δ between supply voltage and STATCOM output voltage;
U
sfor line voltage, the resistance that R is linked reactor; P is the active-power P that STATCOM absorbs from electric power system; The reactive power of Q for providing to electric power system;
S3: the initial phase angle being obtained by phase-locked loop obtains the needed reference voltage waveform of PAM inverter after adding resulting deviation angle δ sineization;
S4: the final stack of switch angle that reference voltage is modulated each H bridge of calculating by PAM obtains each bucking voltage of exporting mutually of reactive-load compensator;
S5: the variation for required compensating reactive power adopts a kind of neural net adaptive PI controller, its controller parameter k
p, k
iby Neural Network Online, adjusted, neural net is according to the running status of system, and by the adjustment of self study and weights, the parameter of on-line tuning PI controller, to reaching the optimum of performance index.
Preferably, described method adopts the pulse modulated method of PAM inverter.
Preferably, described method adopts H bridge modulation ratio circulation exchange control program.
Preferably, described method adopts neural network adaptive controller automatically to regulate PI parameter.
Secondly in order to solve dc-voltage balance problem, adopt H bridge modulation ratio circulation exchange control program, often through a fundamental frequency cycles, each H bridge trigger impulse is carried out to a rotation, through ten fundamental frequency cycles, complete a circulation, make like this DC voltage in average meaning reach balance.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages: 1. inverter adopts PAM modulation scheme, can under lower switching frequency, obtain identical harmonic wave eliminate and reactive power compensation effect with respect to PWM; 2. to have solved the unbalanced problem of DC voltage and needed compensating power to change be the problem of tuning of PI parameter in this design; 3. the method is easy to realize in engineering reality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main circuit structure schematic diagram of chain type STATCOM;
The vectogram of output voltage and electric current when Fig. 2 is STATCOM steady operation;
Fig. 3 a is the voltage waveform after each single-phase inversion H bridge vector superposition;
Fig. 3 b is modulation ratio circulation swap operation schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 4 is neural network adaptive controller schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of a kind of cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the main circuit structure schematic diagram of chain type STATCOM, often by a plurality of half-bridge converters (H bridge), is in series, and three-phase is independent separately, easily realizes a minute phase control.The vectogram of output voltage and electric current, wherein U when Fig. 2 is STATCOM steady operation
sfor line voltage, U
ifor compensator output voltage, Δ U is U
sand U
ivector difference, I
ifor compensator output current, R and X are respectively resistance and the inductance of linked reactor.After the derivation of equation, can obtain STATCOM from the active-power P of electric power system absorption and the reactive power Q providing to electric power system is:
From above formula, can know, by the angle between computing system voltage and compensator output voltage, just can obtain the size of the reactive power of needs compensation.
According to the control requirement of large capacity STATCOM, the control target of PAM is:
1. make the fundamental voltage amplitude of total output voltage for controlling desired value,
2. make the low-order harmonic performance of total output voltage reach optimum.
According to above control target, can be expressed as mathematical optimization problem, wherein, optimal objective function is:
In above formula, minF is optimal objective function, and n is harmonic number, and H is compensated high order harmonic component number of times, K
nfor weights coefficient, by changing, can effectively eliminate certain specific times harmonic, a
namplitude for each harmonic.By solving optimal function, can calculate the switch angle of each Cascade H bridge, then each H bridge output voltage stack be got final product to obtain to every reactive power compensation voltage of output mutually.The method of modulating by PAM can obtain good harmonic characterisitic and compensation effect under lower switching frequency.
As Fig. 5, a kind of cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter, it comprises the following steps:
S1: the reference reactive power of the reactive power that electrical network is to be compensated and the output of compensator device regulates the reactive power that is compensated device output by PI;
S2: above-mentioned reactive power is brought into Q in formula (1) by calculating the deviation angle δ between supply voltage and STATCOM output voltage;
S3: the initial phase angle being obtained by phase-locked loop obtains the needed reference voltage waveform of PAM inverter after adding resulting deviation angle δ sineization;
S4: the final stack of switch angle that reference voltage is modulated each H bridge of calculating by PAM obtains each bucking voltage of exporting mutually of reactive-load compensator.
S5: the variation for required compensating reactive power adopts a kind of neural net adaptive PI controller, its controller parameter k
p, k
iby Neural Network Online, adjusted, neural net is according to the running status of system, and by the adjustment of self study and weights, the parameter of on-line tuning PI controller, to reaching the optimum of performance index.
Secondly in order to solve dc-voltage balance problem, adopt H bridge modulation ratio circulation exchange control program, often through a fundamental frequency cycles, each H bridge trigger impulse is carried out to a rotation, through ten fundamental frequency cycles, complete a circulation, make like this DC voltage in average meaning reach balance.
Single-phase inversion H bridge modulation ratio circulation exchange control program main thought is: in N power frequency period time range, the mean value of single-phase inversion H bridge modulation ratio keeps constant arbitrarily,
keep constant.
Concrete operations scheme is: circulation change orderly, i.e. M occur single-phase inversion H bridge modulation ratio after each power frequency period arbitrarily
1→ M
n→ M
1, cycle period is N power frequency period, and as shown in Figure 3 b, Fig. 3 a is depicted as the voltage waveform after each single-phase inversion H bridge vector superposition to operating process schematic diagram, and there is not any impact for device output voltage waveforms in modulation ratio circulation exchange control program obviously.By Digital Simulation, show, this control strategy can effectively regulate chain type STATCOM DC voltage distribution situation, make device in steady-state adjustment process and transient state adjustment process in each DC voltage be substantially consistent.
In obtaining reference voltage process, need to carry out PI adjusting, PI controller directly carries out closed-loop control to controlled device, its controller parameter k
p, k
iby Neural Network Online, adjusted; Neural net is according to the running status of system, and by the adjustment of self study and weights, the parameter of on-line tuning PI controller, to reaching the optimum of performance index.Neural network adaptive controller provides in Fig. 4.
Claims (4)
1. the cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1: the difference of the reference reactive power of the reactive power that electrical network is to be compensated and the output of compensator device regulates the reactive power that is compensated device output by PI;
S2: above-mentioned reactive power is brought into Q in formula (1) by calculating the deviation angle δ between supply voltage and STATCOM output voltage;
U
sfor line voltage, the resistance that R is linked reactor; P is the active-power P that STATCOM absorbs from electric power system; The reactive power of Q for providing to electric power system;
S3: the initial phase angle being obtained by phase-locked loop obtains the needed reference voltage waveform of PAM inverter after adding resulting deviation angle δ sineization;
S4: the final stack of switch angle that reference voltage is modulated each H bridge of calculating by PAM obtains each bucking voltage of exporting mutually of reactive-load compensator;
S5: the variation for required compensating reactive power adopts a kind of neural net adaptive PI controller directly controlled device to be carried out to closed-loop control, its controller parameter k
p, k
iby Neural Network Online, adjusted, neural net is according to the running status of system, and by the adjustment of self study and weights, the parameter of on-line tuning PI controller, to reaching the optimum of performance index.
2. a kind of cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described method adopts the pulse modulated method of PAM inverter.
3. a kind of cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described method adopts H bridge modulation ratio circulation exchange control program.
4. a kind of cascade STATCOM control method based on PAM inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described method adopts neural network adaptive controller automatically to regulate PI parameter.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103401462B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2016-02-10 | 上海交通大学 | Based on the single-phase chain static synchronous compensator of three level H bridge cascade |
| CN103457273B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-07-08 | 上海交通大学 | Static synchronous compensator based on PAM+PWM modulation |
| CN103532156B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-08-19 | 湖南大学 | A kind of STATCOM imbalance compensation control method based on modularization multi-level converter |
| CN105162343B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2019-01-04 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of control method and device of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter |
| CN105790621B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-09-18 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of cascade connection multi-level current transformer SVM modulation strategy appraisal procedures |
| CN113991698A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-28 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Self-adaptive control system and method of STATCOM |
Citations (3)
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| US6075350A (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2000-06-13 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation | Power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for voltage regulation, reactive power correction, and harmonic filtering |
| CN1738144A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-02-22 | 上海交通大学 | Single-phase transformer four-layer IGBT type dynamic reactive compensator |
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6075350A (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2000-06-13 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation | Power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for voltage regulation, reactive power correction, and harmonic filtering |
| CN1787323A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-14 | 广东工业大学 | Voltage inserting type controlling method for static reactive compensater of electricity distributing system |
| CN1738144A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-02-22 | 上海交通大学 | Single-phase transformer four-layer IGBT type dynamic reactive compensator |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| Direct Output Voltage Control of a STATCOM Using PI Controller Based On Multiple Models;Sheng Wang等;《2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications》;20111231;第2203-2208页 * |
| Sheng Wang等.Direct Output Voltage Control of a STATCOM Using PI Controller Based On Multiple Models.《2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications》.2011, * |
| STATCOM基本控制与附加控制的比较研究;项英桐等;《华东电力》;20110930;第39卷(第9期);第1462-1466页 * |
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