CN102880224A - Double-mode maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on improved step length - Google Patents

Double-mode maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on improved step length Download PDF

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CN102880224A
CN102880224A CN2012104144008A CN201210414400A CN102880224A CN 102880224 A CN102880224 A CN 102880224A CN 2012104144008 A CN2012104144008 A CN 2012104144008A CN 201210414400 A CN201210414400 A CN 201210414400A CN 102880224 A CN102880224 A CN 102880224A
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maximum power
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袁其平
刘玉飞
范立洁
迟婷婷
徐正文
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Tianjin University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a double-mode maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on an improved step length. An attached drawing is a control schematic diagram of MPPT, and consists of a photovoltaic array, a current sampling circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, a singlechip, a driving circuit, a resistor, a capacitor, a diode and a switching tube which are connected with each other through a lead. The voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit are used for respectively sampling the current output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic array, providing sampled data for the singlechip for processing and computing the magnitude and disturbance direction of a disturbance step length at every current moment to control the output power of a solar photovoltaic array, adjust the duty ratio of PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) through the switching tube and make the photovoltaic array always work at the maximum power point. The method has the characteristics of high speed, high stability, high accuracy and the like, the output power of the photovoltaic array is always kept at the maximum point, and the solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency is increased.

Description

Based on the double mode maximum power point tracing method that improves step-length
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application of electronic technology field of solar photovoltaic generation system MPPT maximum power point tracking technology, specifically, relate to a kind of double mode MPPT control method based on improving step-length.
Background technology
The development and utilization of new forms of energy is large focuses of the world today, and sun power becomes the first-selection of development new forms of energy as a kind of renewable green energy resource of clean and effective.Solar energy power generating also becomes the emerging energy industry that develops rapidly in recent years.In solar grid-connected technical field of power generation, the direct current that needs the use solar photovoltaic interconnected inverter that solar cell is sent changes into the output AC electricity with electrical network same frequency same phase, also will the electricity of solar cell output be optimized simultaneously.But because the nonlinear characteristic of solar cell, as shown in Figure 1, the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell.(a) to be illustrated in intensity of illumination constant for figure, the P of photovoltaic array-U characteristic under the different temperatures, size and the magnitude of voltage of this moment that can reach peak power under different temperatures all are different, reach certain peak value after power just can descend thereupon.(b) figure is illustrated in temperature-resistant, the P of photovoltaic array-U characteristic under the different illumination intensity, the voltage of the peak power that photovoltaic cell can reach under different illumination intensity when reaching peak power all is different, and along with the increase peak power of intensity of illumination also can increase thereupon.And the output current of photovoltaic array and voltage not only is subject to the impact of external environment condition such as light intensity, temperature, also can be subject to the impact of its internal load situation, so the output power of photovoltaic cell changes at any time.Only have when being operated in the maximum power point place, it is the highest that the utilization factor of electric energy just can reach.Otherwise will reduce the efficient of whole solar photovoltaic grid-connection system.No matter how to change when external environment condition, and photovoltaic array can be operated in the maximum power point place constantly, could maximal efficiency utilize sun power.
MPPT maximum power point tracking scheme commonly used has the kinds of schemes such as fixed voltage method, disturbance observation, conductance increment method, short-circuit current method, but these schemes are at Systems balanth, and all there are defective in reaction velocity and disturbance step-length aspect.Particularly disturbance step-length is immutable, and the long maximum power point that is difficult to reach accurately is set, and has prolonged again the time when reaching the maximum power point place when too short, can reduce equally the efficient of system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is quick, the stable maximum power point that traces into, and reduce near the vibration maximum power point, improve the efficient of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system, a kind of double mode maximum power point tracing method based on improving step-length is provided.
Double mode maximum power point tracing method based on improving step-length provided by the invention is the hardware components that forms by voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit, realizes in conjunction with the maximum power point tracing method that improves step-length again; At first adopt the fixed voltage method in conjunction with the double mode MPPT maximum power point tracking scheme of conductance increment method based on the double mode MPPT maximum power point tracking scheme of improving step-length, arrive current output voltage V and output current I with fixed voltage method Quick Acquisition first, follow the tracks of maximum power point with conductance increment method again, not only accelerated speed and also increased stability; Concrete steps comprise:
1st, respectively output voltage and the output current of photovoltaic array are sampled by voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit;
2nd, the magnitude of voltage that sampling is obtained and current value are transferred to single-chip microcomputer inside, utilize formula &Delta;d = - | A | &times; K ( 1 ) ; V < V max | A | &times; K ( 2 ) ; V > V max 0 ; V = V max Calculate the length of each step disturbance step delta d, with the output power of control photovoltaic array;
3rd, the current value that the 1st step was collected can obtain current output power mutually at convenience with magnitude of voltage, current output power is compared with the output power of previous moment, the dutycycle of regulating PWM by by-pass cock pipe T1 makes its photovoltaic array be operated in the maximum power point place again.
Adopt single-chip microcomputer STC12C5608AD in the described double mode maximum power point tracing method based on improving step-length, use the inner A/D module samples output voltage values of this single-chip microcomputer and current value.
The voltage sensor of described voltage sampling circuit adopts the LV100 of LEM company.
The current sensor of described current sampling circuit adopts the LA58-P of LEM company, and current sampling circuit is sampled to the voltage at sampling resistor R2 two ends, is transported to the current value that the inner A/D module of single-chip microcomputer obtains sampling after the amplification.
The 2nd step, described disturbance step-length was variable, according to difference output voltage V and the voltage V of peak power place constantly MaxMagnitude relationship, then utilize formula &Delta;d = - | A | &times; K ( 1 ) ; V < V max | A | &times; K ( 2 ) ; V > V max 0 ; V = V max Calculate optimal disturbance step sizes, to reduce near the vibration maximum power point, reduce power attenuation.
The 3rd step, described current output power is compared with the output power of previous moment referred to, when the working point from maximum power point more away from the time, i.e. the voltage V of peak power place MaxPoor when larger with output voltage V, calculate step-length △ d larger, both step-length strengthens, and tracking velocity is accelerated; In the time of near being operated in maximum power point, i.e. the voltage V of peak power place MaxPoor more hour with output voltage V, calculate step-length △ d less, namely step-length reduces, and tracking velocity slows down, and comes gradually near maximum power point with this.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
Based on the double mode maximum power point tracing method that improves step-length, the realization of the method need to just can be finished by the two-part combination of hardware and software, hardware components mainly contains voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit and single-chip microcomputer and forms, and software section is the programmed control of adopting based on single-chip microcomputer STC12C5608AD.
Described voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit mainly are that DC voltage and the DC current of current photovoltaic array output are sampled, then the data that sampling obtained are passed to the control pin of single-chip microcomputer, offer programmed algorithm and use, calculate each time optimal disturbance step-length △ d by programmed algorithm.
Described double mode maximum power point tracing method based on improving step-length need to promptly and accurately sample the current output voltage of photovoltaic array and output current, both can obtain current output power mutually at convenience, compare with the output power of previous moment again and decide next time perturbation direction with this, recently change average current by resistance with the disturbance of this generation current by the duty that changes switch transistor T 1, the disturbance that repeatedly improves step-length makes solar-energy photo-voltaic cell be operated in the maximum power point place always.
Know-why of the present invention:
The voltage sensor of the voltage sampling circuit front end of described maximum power point tracing method hardware components adopts the voltage sensor LV100 of LEM company, the current sensor of current sampling circuit front end adopts the current sensor LA58-P of LEM company, sample output current and output voltage, the dutycycle of then regulating PWM by regulating MOSFET realizes the maximum power output of photovoltaic cell with this.
1) described voltage sampling circuit, as shown in Figure 3.It is by direct current voltage sensor, voltage comparator, and resistance, electric capacity, diode forms.Wherein the signal that samples of voltage sensor carries out filtering by the filtering circuit that R1 and C1 compose in parallel, and then by voltage comparator U1 amplify output a pulsating wave, the clamp circuit that forms by D1, D2 more also adds filter capacitor C2, guarantee that input Chip Microcomputer A/D sampling end input voltage signal remains in 3.5 ~ 5.5V, prevents that single-chip microcomputer is burned.Front end sensors adopts the LV100 of LEM company, output current signal, DC voltage sample circuit front end must be converted to voltage signal with current signal by stake resistance, because DC circuit of the present invention is low to the accuracy requirement of voltage, so can be directly just can sample current output voltage with the A/D of single-chip microcomputer inside.
2) described current sampling circuit, as shown in Figure 4.It is by DC current sensor, voltage follower, and resistance, electric capacity, diode forms.The effect of front end resistance R 1 is that the dc current signal of current sensor output is become d. c. voltage signal, and second portion is two voltage follower U1, U2, front terminating resistor R2, and middle resistance in series R3 advances to get resistance R 4 couplings with the sample circuit of back; Third part is the clamp circuit of two diode D1, D2 compositions and adds filter capacitor C1, guarantees that input Chip Microcomputer A/D sampling end input voltage signal remains in 3.5 ~ 5.5V, prevents that single-chip microcomputer is burned.The current sensor of front end adopts the LA58-P of LEM company, because its precision is high, the linearity is good, the advantage of Low Drift Temperature, and be electrical isolation between former limit and the secondary, therefore can reach good sampling request.Voltage to sampling resistor is sampled, and obtains current value thereby use the differential type operational amplifier to amplify the A/D sampling end that is input to single-chip microcomputer.
3) described control flow part is in order to reduce near the vibration maximum power point, to strengthen stability.By the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell as can be known: when output voltage and maximum power point place voltage phase difference are larger, mean from maximum power point distance more away from, the Δ d that calculates is larger, step-length is just slightly large, otherwise step-length is just slightly little, so not only can improve tracking velocity but also reduce the again vibration at maximum power point place.
4) realize that the MPPT software flow is as follows, as shown in Figure 5:
When
Figure BDA00002311475200031
The time be the condition that photovoltaic array is operated in the maximum power point place, when working point during away from maximum power point, strengthen step-length, accelerate the speed of following the tracks of, when the working point from maximum power point close to the time, reduce step-length, just can reduce the power attenuation that produces because of vibration.That is: as V<V MaxThe time, step delta d=-|A| * K (1)Work as V〉V MaxThe time, step delta d=|A| * K (2)Work as V=V MaxThe time, step delta d=0. wherein A is step-length control Changshu, and
Figure BDA00002311475200032
K is the change in duty cycle fixed component.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
1): this new MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method combines traditional fixed voltage method and conductance increment method, and by the software program algorithm disturbance step-length is improved, can the faster maximum power point that finds more accurately under current environment, and reduced near the vibration the maximum power point place, improved the efficient of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system.
2): this MPPT method has control accurately, the characteristics of fast response time, and applicable to sunlight and the unexpected rapid reaction occasion that changes of temperature, and also can tenacious tracking for the lasting situation about changing of sunlight.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell, a: photovoltaic array P-U family curve under the different temperatures, b: photovoltaic array P-U family curve under the different illumination intensity;
Fig. 2 is the control principle drawing of MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT);
Fig. 3 is DC voltage sample circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is DC current sample circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control flow chart.
Be described in detail the present invention is based on double mode MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme of improving step-length below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment
The STC12C5608AD series monolithic is the single-chip microcomputer of the single clock/machine cycle (1T) of macrocrystalline science and technology production, high speed/low-power consumption/superpower jamproof 8051 single-chip microcomputers of new generation, the fully compatible tradition 8051 of instruction code, but the fast 8-12 of speed is doubly, inner integrated MAX810 Special reset circuit.4 road PWM, its A/D conversion mouth is at the P1 mouth, and 8 road 10-bit high speed A/D change, and speed all can reach 100KHZ, and the imported A/D of 8 road voltages can do temperature detection, battery voltage detection, key scan, frequency spectrum detection etc.Have in system programmable (ISP) characteristic, single-chip microcomputer can be downloaded on custom system/the burning user program, cooperates PC end control program user's program code can be downloaded to single-chip microcomputer inside.For Electric Machine Control, the strong jamming occasion.
MPPT maximum power point tracking refers to the generating voltage of detection photovoltaic array that can be real-time, and follow the trail of the ceiling voltage current value make system with top efficiency to charge in batteries.The MPPT control system is a kind of duty of logical economize on electricity gas module, makes photovoltaic array export the electrical system of maximum electric energy.Maximum power point mainly is subject to the impact of external environment condition, such as temperature and intensity of illumination etc.When intensity of illumination was constant, along with the rising of temperature, the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cell reduced, and peak power output decreases.When temperature-resistant, intensity of illumination strengthens, and the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cell does not change substantially, and short-circuit current obviously increases, and peak power output increases.Because the output voltage of photovoltaic array, output current and internal resistance all are to change at any time, so must use DC/DC to realize the dynamic change of load, guarantee all the time Maximum Power Output of photovoltaic cell.
MPPT maximum power point tracking need to sample the current output voltage of photovoltaic array and output current timely and accurately, and then calculate current output power, output power with previous moment compares again, and the average current that the duty by the by-pass cock pipe recently changes by resistance makes its photovoltaic array be operated in the maximum power point place always.
Control principle drawing such as Fig. 2 of MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) are made of photovoltaic array, current sample, voltage sample, single-chip microcomputer, driving circuit, resistance, electric capacity, diode, switching tube, and each several part links to each other by wire.Voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit be current output voltage and the output current of sampled light photovoltaic array respectively, the data that sample are offered single-chip microcomputer to be processed, calculate instantly size and the perturbation direction of each constantly disturbance step-length, control the output power of photovoltaic array with this, the dutycycle by switching tube adjusting PWM makes photovoltaic array be operated in the maximum power point place always again.
Voltage sampling circuit such as Fig. 3, R1=100 Ω wherein, C1=220pF, C2=470pF, voltage comparator U1 adopts LM124, and positive voltage is+12V that negative voltage is-12V.Two diode D1, D2 are 12V, and the D2 anode meets voltage 3.3V.It is the closed loop voltage sensor of Hall effect for the voltage sensor LV100. of direct current voltage sensor employing LEM company, good former secondary buffer action is arranged, the voltage range that can survey is-4500V~+ 4500V, the specified watt current in former limit is 10mA, sampling resistor is 80 kilo-ohms, and in the variation design of former secondary ratio 1:5, secondary current is 50mA, the secondary sampling resistor is 150 Europe, and secondary voltage was 7.5V when original edge voltage was 800V.The secondary signal reduces to disturb through the sensor internal second-order filter circuit, because the sampling direct current signal, it is lower that filter cutoff frequency can be chosen, and the filter cutoff frequency of actual design is 2KHz.
Current sampling circuit such as Fig. 4, resistance R 1 effect is that the dc current signal that direct current voltage sensor LV100 collects is become d. c. voltage signal, size is U/I, electric current by voltage and secondary output is determined, R2=1K, R3=1K, R4=10K, C1=0.01uF, voltage comparator U1 and U2 select model TL084, and positive voltage is+15V that negative voltage is-15V, two diode D1 and D2 are 12V, and the D1 anode meets voltage+3.3V.It is the Hall effect current transducer of LA58-P that the sampling device of front end adopts LEM company model, be electrical isolation between former limit and the secondary, this sensor can be used for measuring direct current, the alternating-current pulse signal, it is high that it has precision, the linearity is good, Low Drift Temperature, and reaction is fast, without insertion loss, therefore the advantages such as antijamming capability is strong can sample by fine voltage to the sampling resistor two ends, and the A/D sampling end that is transported to again single-chip microcomputer inside after amplifying obtains output current value.
The process flow diagram of MPPT software control such as Fig. 5, because the impact of external environment condition, so being real-time change, maximum power point, when searching approaches maximum power point, in order to reduce the vibration at the maximum power point place, so when following the tracks of maximum power point with conductance increment method, added the scheme of coming step size by software.Adopt the fixed voltage method when system starts, the PI closed loop is carried out indifference control, trace into given voltage instruction after, switch to the increment conductance method, according to the magnitude relationship Modulating Power output point of dI/dU value with-I/U value, when the deterministic disturbances step-length, when working point during away from maximum power point, Δ d is just larger, and step-length strengthens, and accelerates the speed of following the tracks of, when the working point from maximum power point close to the time, d is just less for Δ, and step-length reduces, and just can reduce the power attenuation that produces because of vibration.As when temperature is 25 ° of C, to only have when voltage is 17V, it is maximum that output power just can reach, at this moment V Max=17V is less than or greater than V so work as operating voltage V MaxThe time output power all can not reach maximal value, therefore to allow operating voltage be operated in V MaxOn, allow operating voltage rapidly near V by the disturbance step-length Max, that is: as V<V MaxThe time, step delta d=-|A| * K (1)Work as V〉V MaxThe time, step delta d=|A| * K (2)Work as V=V MaxThe time, step delta d=0 makes system stability at last on maximum power point.

Claims (6)

1. based on the double mode maximum power point tracing method that improves step-length, it is characterized in that this scheme by the hardware components that voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit form, realizes in conjunction with the maximum power point tracing method that improves step-length again; At first adopt the fixed voltage method in conjunction with the double mode MPPT maximum power point tracking scheme of conductance increment method based on the double mode MPPT maximum power point tracking scheme of improving step-length, arrive current output voltage V and output current I with fixed voltage method Quick Acquisition first, follow the tracks of maximum power point with conductance increment method again, not only accelerated speed and also increased stability; Concrete steps comprise:
1st, respectively output voltage and the output current of photovoltaic array are sampled by voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit;
2nd, the magnitude of voltage that sampling is obtained and current value are transferred to single-chip microcomputer inside, utilize formula &Delta;d = - | A | &times; K ( 1 ) ; V < V max | A | &times; K ( 2 ) ; V > V max 0 ; V = V max Calculate the length of each step disturbance step delta d, with the output power of control photovoltaic array;
3rd, the current value that the 1st step was collected can obtain current output power mutually at convenience with magnitude of voltage, current output power is compared with the output power of previous moment, the dutycycle of regulating PWM by regulating T1 makes its photovoltaic array be operated in the maximum power point place again.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt single-chip microcomputer STC12C5608AD in the described double mode maximum power point tracing method based on improving step-length, use the inner A/D module samples output voltage values of this single-chip microcomputer and current value.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the LV100 of the voltage sensor employing LEM company of described voltage sampling circuit.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the current sensor of described current sampling circuit adopts the LA58-P of LEM company, current sampling circuit is sampled to the voltage at sampling resistor R2 two ends, is transported to the current value that the inner A/D module of single-chip microcomputer obtains sampling after the amplification.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 2nd step, described disturbance step-length was variable, according to difference output voltage V and the voltage V of peak power place constantly MaxMagnitude relationship, then utilize formula &Delta;d = - | A | &times; K ( 1 ) ; V < V max | A | &times; K ( 2 ) ; V > V max 0 ; V = V max Calculate optimal disturbance step sizes, to reduce near the vibration maximum power point, reduce power attenuation.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 3rd step, described current output power is compared with the output power of previous moment referred to, when the working point from maximum power point more away from the time, i.e. the voltage V of peak power place MaxPoor when larger with output voltage V, calculate step-length △ d larger, both step-length strengthens, and tracking velocity is accelerated; In the time of near being operated in maximum power point, i.e. the voltage V of peak power place MaxPoor more hour with output voltage V, calculate step-length △ d less, namely step-length reduces, and tracking velocity slows down, and comes gradually near maximum power point with this.
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CN103744466A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-04-23 上海电机学院 Photovoltaic array maximum power tracking method and device
CN104281191A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-14 苏州克兰兹电子科技有限公司 MPPT (maximum power point tracking) system of photovoltaic cells
CN104866002A (en) * 2015-05-15 2015-08-26 西交利物浦大学 Mixed type maximum power point tracing control method based on Beta parameter
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CN105067867A (en) * 2015-08-17 2015-11-18 新疆希望电子有限公司 High-resolution current segment detection circuit and signal processing method thereof
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CN106100100A (en) * 2016-08-28 2016-11-09 东文高压电源(天津)股份有限公司 A kind of based on CIGS thin film assembly charging control circuit and control method
CN107168451A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-09-15 李祥兴 Photovoltaic array variable step MPPT control systems and method
CN107168451B (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-09-04 广东威阳科技有限公司 Photovoltaic array variable step MPPT control systems and method
CN108227818A (en) * 2018-01-09 2018-06-29 上海电力学院 Adaptive step photovoltaic maximum power tracking method and system based on conductance increment
CN108964238A (en) * 2018-07-10 2018-12-07 深圳市均益安联光伏系统工程有限责任公司 High-efficiency photovoltaic control method
CN111669051B (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-07-23 立锜科技股份有限公司 Power conversion device capable of tracking maximum power point and control method thereof
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CN109907391A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-06-21 东北大学 A kind of folding solar charging coat and solar maximum power catching method
CN110112818A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-09 长安大学 A kind of progress control method and system of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system solar converter
CN110112818B (en) * 2019-05-10 2022-03-25 长安大学 Operation control method and system for solar energy converter of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system
CN110174920A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-08-27 上海空间电源研究所 A kind of solar battery array variable step MPPT control circuit and control method
CN112082694A (en) * 2019-06-14 2020-12-15 北京振兴计量测试研究所 Power supply and signal acquisition device for pressure sensor
CN111490716A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-08-04 浙江师范大学 Variable voltage source, photovoltaic cell power supply device and method
CN111490716B (en) * 2020-04-30 2021-09-03 浙江师范大学 Photovoltaic cell power supply device and method
CN113625041A (en) * 2021-09-17 2021-11-09 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Photovoltaic air conditioner direct-current voltage sampling calculation method and device and air conditioner
CN115826669A (en) * 2022-11-26 2023-03-21 天津大学 Composite maximum power point tracking control method of photovoltaic power generation system
CN115826669B (en) * 2022-11-26 2024-04-12 天津大学 Combined maximum power point tracking control method of photovoltaic power generation system

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