CN102842433B - Electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and the ultracapacitor made by it - Google Patents
Electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and the ultracapacitor made by it Download PDFInfo
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- CN102842433B CN102842433B CN201210310094.3A CN201210310094A CN102842433B CN 102842433 B CN102842433 B CN 102842433B CN 201210310094 A CN201210310094 A CN 201210310094A CN 102842433 B CN102842433 B CN 102842433B
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- super capacitor
- electrode material
- polyvinylidene fluoride
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and ultracapacitor prepared therefrom.This electrode material includes polyvinylidene fluoride and the additive of 1 50% of 50 ~ 99% by percentage to the quality；The method includes: dissolve with organic solvent after polyvinylidene fluoride and additive being mixed by mass percentage；The solution of dissolving is coated on carrier film substrate and is dried into composite membrane；By physical and chemical process, composite membrane activation processing is obtained polyvinylidene fluoride electrode material；The electrode obtained material is prepared as flexible super capacitor.The electrode material that the present invention is prepared with polyvinylidene fluoride, need not directly add active substance；And low cost, charge/discharge rates are fast；The flexible super capacitor charge-discharge performance of preparation is good, has extended cycle life；The flexible folding of flexible super capacitor itself, its minimal thickness reaches 200 μm, meets device miniaturization development trend, expands its range of application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof, particularly to a kind of super electricity
Container electrode material and preparation method and the ultracapacitor made by it, belong to energy storage device skill
Art field.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor is also called electrochemical capacitor, and it has, and power density is big, charge/discharge rates is fast
, have extended cycle life, good stability, can be as a kind of novel electric energy energy storage components and parts.Mesh
Front used electric energy energy-storage travelling wave tube is mainly battery, but battery exists that power density is low, use
The shortcomings such as the life-span is short, volume is big, significantly limit its application, and ultracapacitor can
Make up this defect.Along with at microelectric technique, information and the neck such as mechanics of communication, military science and technology
Territory Large and middle scale IC, at high speed, Large Copacity computer technology, mechanics of communication swift and violent
Development, this super electricity with excellent pulse charge-discharge performance and Large Copacity energy-storage property
Container starts to be increasingly becoming the focus of whole world research.The storage of super capacitor energy is by adopting
Realize between its diffusion bilayer with the porous electrode of high-specific surface area and storing energy in
.The electric capacity produced during charging includes: at electrode/electrolyte interface by electronics and ion or dipole
Sub aligns produced electric double layer capacitance (double-layer capacitance)；
Or electrode surface or body mutually in two-dimentional or quasi-two-dimensional space, electroactive material generation undercurrent potential
Deposition, high reversible chemisorbed, desorption or redox reaction produce and electrode charge current potential
Relevant pseudo capacitance (pseudocapacitance).
The performance of ultracapacitor is relevant with the barrier film of electrode material, electrolyte and use thereof, and electrode
Material is most significant of which, because the quality of electrode material performance directly influences super
The quality of capacitor performance.Currently used electrode material mainly has material with carbon element, metal-oxide
And polymeric material.Wherein material with carbon element is because having higher electrical conductivity, big specific surface area,
It is used as double layer capacitor；And metal-oxide and polymer in charge and discharge process along with
Redox reaction, has bigger faradic currents, is used as pseudocapacitors.Currently used
Ultracapacitor limited mainly due to by electrode material and electrolyte, the encapsulation to device
Requiring higher, the volume of device is the biggest.In order to adapt to current device miniaturization, integrated and
Modular demand, occurs in that the flexible super capacitor of solid-state.Solid flexible ultracapacitor
Use the electrolyte of solid-state, and electrode material usually has the thin film of flexibility, to encapsulation
Less demanding, and volume is obviously reduced, and this satisfies the requirement that market is thin to device, little, light
。
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is just being to provide a kind of flexible super capacitor electrode material and preparation method thereof,
And provide a kind of and disclosure satisfy that market is thin to device, little, a kind of Kynoar of light requirement
Base solid flexible ultracapacitor.This flexibility
Electrode material for super capacitor includes polyvinylidene fluoride and can produce conduction with Kynoar
The additive of active substance；Method uses Kynoar and additive to be mixed in proportion and make film
, by physical and chemical process, film is carried out activation processing and forms electrode material, then be prepared as flexibility
Ultracapacitor.Electrode material prepared by the present invention need not directly add active substance；Preparation
Flexible super capacitor charge-discharge performance is good, speed is fast, have extended cycle life；Itself is flexible
Folding, minimal thickness reaches 200 μm.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention uses techniques below measure to constitute realizes.
The flexible super capacitor electrode material of the present invention, the composition of described material, with mass percent
Meter include 50～the polyvinylidene fluoride of 99% and 1～50% can produce conduction with Kynoar
The additive of active substance.
In such scheme, described can produce electrical conductive activities material with polyvinylidene fluoride additive be
Potassium carbonate salts substances or potassium hydroxide basic material.
In such scheme, described additive is potassium carbonate salts substances, polyvinylidene fluoride and its quality
Percentage ratio is 99%:1%～50%:50%；Described additive is potassium hydroxide basic material, poly-inclined
Fluoride-based is 99%:1%～50%:50% with its mass percent.
The preparation method of the present invention a kind of flexible super capacitor electrode material, it is characterised in that include with
Lower processing step:
(1) interpolation of electrical conductive activities material can be produced by polyvinylidene fluoride with polyvinylidene fluoride
Thing is by mass percentage 50～99%:1～50% after mix homogeneously, with organic solvent, it is the most molten
Solution becomes mixed solution；
(2) mixed solution being dissolved with polyvinylidene fluoride and additive step (1) obtained is coated with
Overlay on the substrate of carrier film, be then dried into Kynoar group compound film；
(3) the Kynoar group compound film obtaining step (2) carries out activation processing, thus makes
Obtain the membrane electrode material of flexible super capacitor.
In such scheme, described additive is potassium carbonate salts substances or potassium hydroxide basic material；Add
Adding thing is potassium carbonate salts substances, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1%～5
0%:50%；Additive is potassium hydroxide basic material, polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent
For 99%:1%～50%:50%.
In such scheme, described organic solvent is can either to dissolve Kynoar, again relative to adding
Add the stable DMF of agent (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (NMP) or N
-methyl pyrrolidone (DMSO).
In such scheme, described is at 80～250 DEG C by it to Kynoar group compound film activation processing
Lower heat treatment 1～120 minutes, then soak the composite membrane after heat treatment in potassium hydroxide solution
Steep 1～600 minute.
In such scheme, described is to utilize vapour deposition method to Kynoar group compound film activation processing；Or
Sputter-deposited thin films method deposits Au or Ag or Al or Fe metal on composite membrane；Or
Utilize electro-plating method, composite membrane deposits Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal.
In such scheme, described is to utilize electro-plating method to Kynoar group compound film activation processing,
Composite membrane deposits Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal.
The flexible super capacitor that the electrode material that the present invention is prepared according to said method makes, including electrode
, collector, electrolyte；It is characterized in that with the electrode material of Kynoar group compound film
Make electrode；Collector, or the poly-inclined fluorine prepared by glass substrate is made with flexible conducting material substrate
The collector of vinyl film electrode is in the back side of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode plating last layer conduction
Metal material；Its electrolyte is to have added ionic conduction in the middle of opposed facing two electrode materials
Solid electrolyte with the dual function of two electrodes that bond.
In such scheme, the substrate of described flexible conducting material is selected from graphite paper or aluminium foil or steeps
Foam nickel or copper sheet.
In such scheme, described conductive metallic material is Au or Al or Ag.
In such scheme, described solid electrolyte is polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixture or poly-
Vinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixture.
The present invention produces electrical conductive activities material for making poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film and is conducive to increasing electrode ratio
Surface area and the loose structure of ion transmission；Improve capacity of super capacitor, reduce internal resistance,
Produce more active substance；Therefore, the compound film electrode material prepared is passed through physical chemistry
Process, or heat treatment certain time at a certain temperature, then exist the composite membrane after heat treatment
Potassium hydroxide solution soaks certain time；Or by utilizing vapour deposition method or sputtering vapour deposition
Membrane process deposits metal material on prepared poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film；Or utilize plating
Method deposits metal material on poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film, thus prepares flexible super capacitor
Polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode material.
The preparation method of present invention flexible super capacitor based on polyvinylidene fluoride has following spy
Point and useful technique effect:
Flexible super capacitor electrode material provided by the present invention, prepared flexible super capacitor
, there is bigger electric capacity and less resistance；The electrode material of this flexible super capacitor is straight
Connect with polyvinylidene fluoride and the additive of electrical conductive activities material can be produced with polyvinylidene fluoride
The composite membrane of preparation is electrode material, by physical chemistry processing procedure, makes polyvinylidene fluoride
Itself can produce active substance, thus improves the contact of Kynoar and active substance,
Active substance is allowed to be more evenly distributed in polyvinylidene fluoride；Or make to gather by heat treatment
Vinylidene group compound film and additive can produce electrical conductive activities material and beneficially ion transmission
Loose structure, the specific surface area of increase electrode material that thus can be simpler, improves flexibility
Ultracapacitor electric capacity.Flexible super capacitor prepared by the method for the present invention does not only have preferably
Flexibility, thickness are little, and have the highest power density and energy density, and its cycle life
Length, low cost, preparation technology are simple, are suitable for large-scale production and application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cyclic voltammetry result of the flexible super capacitor that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared；
Fig. 2 is the constant current charge-discharge test result of the flexible super capacitor that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared
；
Fig. 3 is the cyclic voltammetry result of the flexible super capacitor that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared；
Fig. 4 is the constant current charge-discharge test result of the flexible super capacitor that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared
；
Fig. 5 is the cyclic voltammetry result of the flexible super capacitor that the embodiment of the present invention 4 is prepared；
Fig. 6 is the constant current charge-discharge test result of the flexible super capacitor that the embodiment of the present invention 4 is prepared
。
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment and design sketch thereof, the present invention is described in further detail below, but not
Be meant to be any restriction that the present invention protects content, i.e. present disclosure is not limited only to reality
Execute content involved in example.
In the embodiment of the present invention, electronic balance used is the FA that upper Nereid tech device Technology Co., Ltd. produces
-1104N type electronic analytical balance；
Thermostatic drying chamber used is that the KXH101-2A type constant temperature that Chinese Shanghai Ke Xi experimental apparatus factory produces is done
Dry case；
PVDF used is that in Chengdu, fluorine chemical company limited produces；
Electrochemical workstation used by test result is the CS3500 electrochemical workstation of Wuhan Gastec company
。
Embodiment 1:
The ratio that Kynoar and potassium carbonate are 77%:23% by mass percentage is weighed, will weigh
Good raw material mix homogeneously, is fully dissolved into mixed solution with DMF solvent the raw material of mix homogeneously
, form colloidal sol shape；Then mixed sols is uniformly coated on graphite paper substrate, uses constant temperature
Drying baker will form one layer of composite membrane after drying on graphite paper；By this composite membrane at 220 DEG C
Heat treatment 60 minutes, soaks the composite membrane after heat treatment 30 minutes in potassium hydroxide solution,
After taking-up, then will soak after composite membrane at 200 DEG C, carry out activation processing 30 minutes, thus
Prepare the electrode material with poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film as flexible super capacitor；Again with poly-
The mixed liquor of vinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide electrolyte is as bonding agent, opposed facing two panels electricity
Pole is bonded together, and is i.e. prepared as with the graphite paper substrate of carrier film as collector, with polyvinylidene fluoride
Alkene electrode material is electrode, with polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixed electrolytic solution as solid electrolyte
Flexible super capacitor.Its cyclic voltammetric and constant current charge-discharge is surveyed with electrochemical workstation, its
Test result is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and its electric capacity is about 25mF/cm as can be seen from Figure 22。
Embodiment 2:
The ratio that Kynoar and potassium carbonate are 99%:1% by mass percentage is weighed, will weigh
Raw material mix homogeneously, with nmp solvent, the raw material of mix homogeneously is fully dissolved into mixed solution,
Form colloidal sol shape；Then mixed sols is uniformly coated in aluminum substrates, uses freeze-day with constant temperature
Case will form one layer of composite membrane after drying on aluminium foil；By this composite membrane heat treatment at 250 DEG C
1 minute, the composite membrane after heat treatment is soaked 600 minutes, after taking-up in potassium hydroxide solution
, then will soak after composite membrane at 250 DEG C, carry out activation processing 1 minute, thus prepare
?
Electrode material with poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film as flexible super capacitor；Again with polyvinyl alcohol and
The mixed liquor of potassium hydroxide electrolyte is as bonding agent, bonding of opposed facing two plate electrodes
Come, be i.e. prepared as with the aluminum substrates of carrier film as collector, with Kynoar electrode material
For electrode, with polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixed electrolytic solution the flexible super as solid electrolyte
Capacitor.
Embodiment 3:
The ratio that Kynoar and potassium carbonate are 50%:50% by mass percentage is weighed, will weigh
Good raw material mix homogeneously, is fully dissolved into mixing with DMSO solvent the raw material of mix homogeneously
Solution, forms colloidal sol shape；Then mixed sols is uniformly coated on nickel foam substrate, uses
Thermostatic drying chamber will form one layer of composite membrane after drying in nickel foam；By this composite membrane 80
Heat treatment 120 minutes at DEG C, soak 600 the composite membrane after heat treatment in potassium hydroxide solution
Minute, after taking-up, then will soak after composite membrane at 80 DEG C, carry out activation processing 120 minutes,
Thus prepare the electrode material with poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film as flexible super capacitor；
Again with the mixed liquor of polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide electrolyte as bonding agent, opposed facing
Two plate electrodes are bonded together, and are i.e. prepared as with the nickel foam substrate of carrier film as collector, with poly-
Vinylidene electrode material is electrode, with polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixed electrolytic solution as solid
The flexible super capacitor of electrolyte.Test result is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, and its electric capacity is about as can be seen from Figure 4
For 115mF/cm2。
Embodiment 4:
The ratio that Kynoar and potassium carbonate are 60%:40% by mass percentage is weighed, will weigh
Good raw material mix homogeneously, is fully dissolved into mixed solution with DMF solvent the raw material of mix homogeneously
, form colloidal sol shape；Then mixed sols is uniformly coated in glass substrate, does with constant temperature
Dry case will form one layer of composite membrane after drying on glass；
Take off composite membrane by its heat treatment 100 minutes at 120 DEG C, the composite membrane two sides after heat treatment
All utilizing sputtering method to plate Au metal, it is soft for thus having prepared with poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film
The electrode material of property ultracapacitor；Kynoar basement membrane electricity prepared by described glass substrate
The collector of pole is to plate last layer conductive metallic material Au at the back side of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode
。
Again with the mixed liquor of polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte electrolyte as bonding agent, facing each other
Two plate electrodes be bonded together, Au is plated again with sputtering method in prepared antetype device two sides
Metal, as collector, is i.e. prepared as with gold electrode as collector, with Kynoar electrode material
Material is electrode, the flexibility as solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixed electrolytic solution
Ultracapacitor.Its test result is shown in Fig. 5 and 6, and its electric capacity is about 280mF/cm as can be seen from Figure 62
。
Embodiment 5:
The ratio that Kynoar and potassium carbonate are 80%:20% by mass percentage is weighed, will weigh
Good raw material mix homogeneously, is fully dissolved into mixed solution with DMF solvent the raw material of mix homogeneously
, form colloidal sol shape；Then mixed
Close colloidal sol to be uniformly coated in glass substrate, will be on glass after drying with thermostatic drying chamber
Form one layer of composite membrane；Take off composite membrane by its heat treatment 60 minutes at 160 DEG C, heat treatment
After composite membrane two sides all utilize galvanoplastic to plate Ni metal, thus prepared with poly-inclined fluorine
Ethylene composite membrane is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor；Again with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolysis
The mixed liquor of matter electrolyte, as bonding agent, is bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes, will
Prepared antetype device two sides utilize sputtering method plating Al metal as collector, be i.e. prepared as with
Aluminum electrode is collector, with Kynoar electrode material as electrode, with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid
Electrolyte mixed electrolytic solution is the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte.
Embodiment 6:
The ratio that Kynoar and potassium carbonate are 90%:10% by mass percentage is weighed, will weigh
Good raw material mix homogeneously, is fully dissolved into mixed solution with nmp solvent the raw material of mix homogeneously
, form colloidal sol shape；Then mixed sols is uniformly coated on graphite paper substrate, uses constant temperature
Drying baker will form one layer of composite membrane after drying on graphite paper；Take off composite membrane by it 20
Heat treatment 80 minutes at 0 DEG C, all utilize galvanoplastic to plate Fe gold on the composite membrane two sides after heat treatment
Belong to, thus prepared the electrode material with poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film as flexible super capacitor
Material；Again with the mixed liquor of polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte electrolyte as bonding agent, mutually
Faced by two plate electrodes be bonded together, prepared antetype device two sides is utilized sputtering method plate Ag
Metal, as collector, is i.e. prepared as with silver electrode as collector, with Kynoar electrode material
Material is electrode, the flexibility as solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixed electrolytic solution
Ultracapacitor.
The present invention can change it and use polyvinylidene fluoride and the consumption of additive raw material, changes substrate
Material, changes heat treatment temperature and the metal material of deposition, its preparation method process and technique
Step is identical with any of the above-described embodiment, all can prepare the electrode with flexible super capacitor
Material, described electrode material need not directly add active substance；Make with this electrode material
Flexible super capacitor, its charge-discharge performance is good, speed is fast, have extended cycle life；Itself can
Bending fold, minimal thickness reach 200 μm.Meet device miniaturization, light development trend, expansion
Its range of application big.
Claims (7)
1. a flexible super capacitor electrode material, it is characterised in that the composition of material, include by percentage to the quality 60～99 polyvinylidene fluoride and 1～40 can produce the additive potassium carbonate salts substances of electrical conductive activities material with polyvinylidene fluoride.
2. the preparation method of a flexible super capacitor electrode material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that:
(1) the additive potassium carbonate salts substances of electrical conductive activities material can be produced by polyvinylidene fluoride with polyvinylidene fluoride, by mass percentage after 60～99: 1～40 mix homogeneously, with organic solvent, it is fully dissolved into mixed solution；
(2) mixed solution being dissolved with polyvinylidene fluoride and additive potassium carbonate salts substances that step (1) obtains is coated on substrate, is then dried into Kynoar group compound film；
(3) the Kynoar group compound film obtaining step (2) carries out activation processing, thus prepares Kynoar group compound film flexible super capacitor electrode material；
Described Kynoar group compound film is carried out activation processing, be by its heat treatment 1～120 minutes at 80～250 DEG C, then the composite membrane after heat treatment soaked 1～600 minute in potassium hydroxide solution；Or utilize sputter-deposited thin films method to deposit Au or Ag or Al or Fe metal on composite membrane；Or utilize electro-plating method to deposit Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal on composite membrane.
The preparation method of flexible super capacitor electrode material the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described organic solvent is to dissolve Kynoar, dimethyl sulfoxide stable relative to additive again or N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
4. the flexible super capacitor that the flexible super capacitor electrode material that prepared by preparation method described in any one of claim 2-3 makes, including electrode, collector, electrolyte；It is characterized in that described electrode is with polyvinylidene fluoride compound film electrode material as electrode；Described collector is flexible conducting material substrate, or plates last layer conductive metallic material at the polyvinylidene fluoride compound film electrode material back side；Described electrolyte is the solid electrolyte of the dual function having added ionic conduction and bonding two electrodes in the middle of opposed facing two electrode materials.
Flexible super capacitor the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described flexible conducting material substrate is selected from graphite paper or nickel foam.
Flexible super capacitor the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described conductive metallic material is Au or Al or Ag.
Flexible super capacitor the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described solid electrolyte is polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixture or polyvinyl alcohol and phosphate mixture.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210310094.3A CN102842433B (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and the ultracapacitor made by it |
| US14/425,312 US9734955B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-14 | Electrode material, preparation method thereof and supercapacitor based thereof |
| PCT/CN2013/070430 WO2014032404A1 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-14 | Electrode material and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor based on the same |
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| CN201210310094.3A CN102842433B (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and the ultracapacitor made by it |
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| WO2014032404A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | 四川大学 | Electrode material and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor based on the same |
| CN105280395B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-11-21 | 清华大学 | Combination electrode material and application thereof |
| CN107221450A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-09-29 | 侯梦斌 | A kind of capacitance electrode preparation method for asymmetric capacitor batteries |
| CN107808818A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-16 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of flexible capacitor |
| CN109390549A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-26 | 南通南京大学材料工程技术研究院 | A kind of new preparation process of foldable lithium ion cell positive |
| CN111342123B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-06-13 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Selectively-infiltrated polymer electrolyte, and preparation and application thereof |
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| CN1639085A (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2005-07-13 | 马克斯·施洛特尔股份有限两合公司 | Method for metallizing titanate-based ceramics |
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