CN102841612A - Self-powered sunlight tracing sensor device - Google Patents

Self-powered sunlight tracing sensor device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102841612A
CN102841612A CN2012103333924A CN201210333392A CN102841612A CN 102841612 A CN102841612 A CN 102841612A CN 2012103333924 A CN2012103333924 A CN 2012103333924A CN 201210333392 A CN201210333392 A CN 201210333392A CN 102841612 A CN102841612 A CN 102841612A
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self
module
resistance
diode
powered
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CN2012103333924A
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Chinese (zh)
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林立生
杨平
严希清
吴巧斌
叶晓路
林祥勇
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Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College
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Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College
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Priority to CN2012103333924A priority Critical patent/CN102841612A/en
Publication of CN102841612A publication Critical patent/CN102841612A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a self-powered sunlight tracing sensor device, which comprises a light detection part and a judge circuit part. The light detection part comprises four silicon solar cells respectively corresponding to east, west, south and north directions, wherein the four silicon solar cells are fixed in the east, the west, the south and the north directions of a sensor seat by forming the same angle with a light collection surface, so as to form a trapezoid platform structure. The judge circuit part comprises a voltage sampling module, an accuracy setting module, a comparative output module and a self-powering module, wherein the outputs of the silicon solar cells are divided into two paths, one of the two paths is connected with the comparative output module through the voltage sampling module and the accuracy setting module in sequence, and the other one of the two paths is connected with the self-powering module which can provide a working power supply to the overall circuit of the sensor. The sunlight sensor is of an unsaturated light metering device which can not only accurately trace the sunlight, but also provide the working power supply for the overall circuit. In addition, the sunlight sensor can automatically reset to the east, output a TTL (transistor-transistor logic) level signal and directly drive actuating circuits in various types, thereby completing the control of a motor.

Description

Self-powered sun light tracking sensor device
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the Application of Solar Energy field; Be particularly related to a kind of self-powered sun light tracking sensor device; Especially a kind of tracker is when steady state (SS); Whole tracker is 0 power consumption, improves solar energy photovoltaic system efficient to greatest extent, is applicable to two-dimensional tracking controls such as solar photovoltaic generation system, solar cooker, solar water heater.
Background technology:
In numerous relevant design; Purpose all is can follow the track of sunshine motion in order to control solar panel; Solar motion can be followed and perpendicular to sunray in the plane of control solar panel; The normal that is solar panel is parallel with sunray, improves photovoltaic efficiency to greatest extent.But common tracking control system all exists defective or deficiency:
1, most of both at home and abroad at present sunshine detection means of using, nothing more than using photoresistance or photodiode etc., indexs such as the sensitivity of this type device and the linearity are all pretty good, can be used for emulation people's eyes.Just get into the saturation region when sunshine is powerful in 500Lux, light intensity is 100, and when 000LUX was above, light resistance sharply descended, and causes photosensitive device to get into degree of depth saturation region, directly has influence on the reliability of photometry device, and this sight is similar to human eye can't look at sunshine straight.Therefore, have to adopt all shading dim light measures, get into the saturation region to avoid photoelectric curve, make total system greatly complicated, sensitivity and reliability also descend thereupon.
2, for this reason; The silicon photocell of employing is also arranged as light detector spare, like CN201392479Y, and CN201837893U; Four silicon photocells are in the same plane; And being separated into four light sample region by a cross light barrier or shadow shield, cornerwise two silicon photocells form one group, the variation of the corresponding East and West direction and the angle of pitch.Above patented technology; Unreasonable on the assembling skill of photometry device, also science not, the photometry device can only receive light in the front; Can't detect sunshine from the side or the back side; Cause the photometry device detection at any time not arrive sunshine, its reason: after one day tracking (promptly follow the sun and follow the tracks of one-period from the east to the west) of completion, then it is dark gets off; The light of the sun in second day morning when rise in local horizon in the east can only shine the back side of photometry device, is to cause to realize returning automatically one of reason in the east.They are two years old; If taked certain to force back eastern measure, make solar panel in the morning turn in the east, then begin to rain; Tracker stops to follow the tracks of; To fine sunny after the afternoon, sunshine at this time can only shine the side or even the back side of photometry device, and this also is the reason that causes reliability to descend greatly and comply with.Adopt structures such as complicated dim light or shading, can only receive light in the front, control system is difficult to realize return eastern function automatically or search for sunshine automatically.Common tracker all is to have added ancillary methods such as clock control, timer control, photometry unit, the back side at present, could realize getting back to function in the east, causes control system quite complicated, has increased the electrical source consumption of whole Detection & Controling circuit.
3, the design that has is with the change algorithm of solar motion track throughout the year, is cured to single-chip microcomputer after the programming, no matter fine raining, the loyal throughout the year scholar of controller carries out on ground the instruction of program curing.There are two defectives in this design: the one, and the longitude and latitude that the program curing incompatibility is different; The 2nd, tracking and driving system is overcast and rainy; Also to carry out unnecessary tracking and consume limited accumulator electric energy; Utilize the electric energy of the not at all easy lifting of sun tracking mechanism, but lot of consumption is in topworks, and topworks operation too frequently causes losing more than gain on the whole.
4, the mechanism design that has become per a few minutes with solar panels towards the four corners of the world four direction angle of tuningout initiatively; Whenever depart from a direction; The trend that system changes with regard to once sampling photovoltaic value is if the photovoltaic value is a downward trend, then toward the reverse direction adjustment: if the photovoltaic value is the trend that rises; Then continue the adjustment angle, and maintain.This type design exists topworks's operation too frequently to cause losing more than gain on the whole photovoltaic efficiency equally.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to invent the unsaturated photometry device of a kind of employing, and four self-powered sun light tracking sensor devices that the photometry device forms an angle and distributes.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of self-powered sun light tracking sensor device; Comprise light test section and decision circuitry part; It is characterized in that the light test section includes the silicon photocell in orientation, four corresponding four corners of the world of difference; Four silicon photocells become same angle to be fixed on four orientation, the four corners of the world of sensor holder with light collection face; Form a type bucking ladder structure, wherein two of opposite side silicon photocells detect the light of east-west directions, and two silicon photocells of another opposite side detect the light of North and South directions: decision circuitry partly includes voltage sample module, precision set module, comparison output module and self-powered module; Wherein silicon photocell output divides two-way, and one the tunnel connects the comparison output module successively after voltage sample module, precision set module; Another road connects the self-powered module, to the sensor integrated circuit working power is provided by the self-powered module.
Said sensor holder is an isosceles trapezoid platform structure, central plane and bottom surface angle between the 40-70 degree, fixing a slice silicon photocell on each central plane same position.The number of degrees of angle are selected, and return eastern function in second day automatically and are advisable satisfying, and also promptly second day sunshine can shine wherein on a slice, and under enough light intensities, can go back to east automatically when rise in the local horizon.
Said silicon photocell is a rectangular configuration, and the one of which length of side is not more than the last bottom side length of sensor holder.
The upper bottom surface of said sensor holder has extended upward a shading square column, and the height of shading square column is not less than the long limit of silicon photocell.Utilize the shading square column westwards when sunshine squints, on the silicon photocell of the east, produce shade, strengthen sunny slope and, improve the judgement precision of system to the back two silicon photocell voltage differences.
The self-powered module is one four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11; The output of four silicon photocells is respectively after diode D5, D6, D7, D8 isolate; Send into the 1st pin of four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11; Input end connects the 4th pin after variable resistor RW dividing potential drop sampling, the 2nd pin is an output terminal, and circuit work power is provided.
Said four silion cells are respectively E1, E2, E3, E4, form the loop with the voltage sample module of being made up of diode and resistance respectively: silicon photocell E1 and diode D1 and resistance R 1 loop; Silicon photocell E2 and diode D2 and resistance R 2 loops: silicon photocell E3 and diode D3 and resistance R 3 loops; Silicon photocell E4 and diode D4 and resistance R 4 loops; Serial connection point at diode and resistance extracts voltage signal, exports to the comparison output module.
Said relatively output module adopts a LM324 voltage comparator; This chip includes four comparer IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4; Be respectively applied for the light intensity of comparison thing, north and south four direction and export corresponding tracking Control level: each comparer all connects into sluggish type voltage comparator circuit; Wherein the sluggish feedback resistance of comparer IC1 connection is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R5, comparer IC2 connect is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R6, IC3 connect is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R7, IC4 connect is R8; Described resistance R 5, R6, R7, R8 are variable resistor; Resistance is big more, and tracking accuracy is high more: constitute the precision set module by described resistance R 5, R6, R7, R8.
Sunshine senser element of the present invention adopts undersaturated photometry device, has both solved senser elements such as traditional photoresistance, because of light intensity causes the degree of depth saturated; Influence the accuracy of sun light tracking; Can form the self-powered system for back level functional circuit provides working power again, need not extra energy consumption; And the present invention is distributed in four silicon photocell equal angles on four faces on the sensor holder especially, and is responsive more to the skew of sunray, and can pick up the initial rise sunray, realizes returning automatically eastern function; Moreover this sun light tracking sensor device, the Transistor-Transistor Logic level control signal of output can directly drive the executive circuit of various ways, accomplishes the control to motor, and realization equipment makes full use of sunshine to the tracking of sunshine.
Description of drawings:
Below in conjunction with concrete legend the present invention is further specified:
Fig. 1 sensor device synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 sensor device schematic block circuit diagram
Fig. 3 sensor device circuit theory diagrams
Fig. 4 sensor device use-case front view
Fig. 5 sensor device use-case lateral plan
Wherein
1-silicon photocell 2-sensor holder 21-shading square column 22-bolt
3-solar panel 4-support 5-transverse axis 6-Z-axis
Embodiment:
See figures.1.and.2, self-powered sun light tracking sensor device comprises light test section and decision circuitry part; Wherein the light test section like Fig. 1, includes the silicon photocell 1 in orientation, four corresponding four corners of the world of difference; Four silicon photocells 1 become same angle to be fixed on four orientation, the four corners of the world of sensor holder 2 with light collection face, form a type bucking ladder structure, wherein the light of two of opposite side silicon photocell 1 detection east-west directions; Two silicon photocells 1 of another opposite side detect the light of North and South direction: during making; Sensor holder 2 is processed into isosceles trapezoid platform structure, and central plane and bottom surface angle are between the 40-70 degree, and optimized angle is 60 degree; Can satisfy second day sunray when shining in the east; Its sunray can shine on the silicon photocell 1 in the east, and the equipment that makes can return eastern smoothly automatically, fixing a slice silicon photocell 1 on each central plane same position.Silicon photocell 1 can be selected the finished product of rectangle specification, and the one of which length of side is not more than the last bottom side length of sensor holder 2.In addition, the upper bottom surface of sensor holder 2 has extended upward a shading square column 21, and the height of shading square column 21 is not less than the long limit of silicon photocell 1; The shade that this shading square column 21 capable of using produces; Block in the east, and the silicon photocell in the south or north, thing face and north and south voltage difference improved; The low-angle even the sun westwards squints also can reflect from the voltage difference of a pair of silicon photocell.So the height of shading square column 21 is high more, the degree of accuracy of its judgement is also high more.The design of shading square column 21, tradition adopts the shadow shield scheme to come rationally, makes also simple; Moreover, can utilize the inner space of shading square column and sensor holder 2, organically circuit is installed in wherein, form a cover complete sensors device, be beneficial to the supporting use of all kinds of solar facilitiess.
For this reason,, can be provided with two bolts 22 at least, have on the solar facilities of light collection face so that utilize this bolt 22 to be fixed in the bottom of sensor holder 2.
The present invention adopts four silicon photocells as the photometry device, need not dim light, can be operated under the light intensity illumination of profundity, and the photometry device can be unsaturated yet, can export corresponding electric current under the light intensity arbitrarily.When four blocks of silicon photocell electric currents equate, explain that sensor device aimed at sunshine, this sensor device is exported and is 0 level; Along with the sun moves from the east to the west, and the skew of Various Seasonal sun North and South direction, when shining four light intensity on the silicon photocell when unequal, TTL, 5V control signal that output is immediately followed the tracks of toward the high direction of light intensity.Be the maximal value that this sensor device can be sought light intensity automatically, which direction solar irradiation is strong, promptly sends the control signal of following the trail of toward which direction.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, decision circuitry partly includes voltage sample module, precision set module, comparison output module and self-powered module.
Four silion cells are respectively E1, E2, E3, E4, form the loop with the voltage sample module of being made up of diode and resistance respectively: silicon photocell E1 and diode D1 and resistance R 1 loop; Silicon photocell E2 and diode D2 and resistance R 2 loops; Silicon photocell E3 and diode D3 and resistance R 3 loops; Silicon photocell E4 and diode D4 and resistance R 4 loops: a little extract voltage signal being connected in series of diode and resistance, export to the comparison output module.Wherein silicon photocell E1 is corresponding in the east, and silicon photocell E2 is corresponding to the west, and silicon photocell E3 is corresponding in the south, and silicon photocell E4 correspondence is towards north.Diode D1, D2, D3, D4 are schottky diode; Because the forward voltage drop minimum of having only schottky diode is only about 0.15V; This little pressure drop is not just in order to allow tracker too sensitive and to cause following the tracks of action too frequent; If adopt the general-purpose diode pressure drop all about 0.7V, this pressure drop is too blunt and influence precision with regard to causing tracker too greatly.
During practice, be used for the silicon photocell 1 of photometry, can adopt the normalization finished product, with rectangular-shaped be good, do not get rid of other shape yet, like circular, ellipse or polygonized structure, be not as the criterion but do not exceed isosceles trapezoid platform central plane with size.Like silicon photocell E1 to E4, select to be of a size of 40mm * 60mm, every short-circuit current 40mA under etalon optical power, open-circuit voltage 7.5V can satisfy the needs of self-powered sensor.It is that the photoelectric characteristic curve of requirement E1 and these two pairs of silicon photoelectric cell slices of E2, E3 and E4 matches as far as possible that key problem in technology is selected, to satisfy the needs of tracking accuracy.
The self-powered module is one four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11; The output of four silicon photocells is respectively after diode D5, D6, D7, D8 isolate; Send into the 1st pin of four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11; Input end connects the 4th pin after variable resistor RW dividing potential drop sampling, the 2nd pin is an output terminal, and circuit work power is provided.
Relatively output module adopts a LM324 voltage comparator, and this chip includes four comparer IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4, is respectively applied for the light intensity of comparison thing, north and south four direction and exports corresponding tracking Control level; Each comparer all connects into sluggish type voltage comparator circuit; Wherein the sluggish feedback resistance of comparer IC1 connection is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R5, comparer IC2 connect is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R6, IC3 connect is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R7, IC4 connect is R8; Described resistance R 5, R6, R7, R8 are variable resistor; Resistance is big more, and tracking accuracy is high more, and vice versa; Constitute the precision set module by described resistance R 5, R6, R7, R8.
Self-powered sensor device principle of work is following:
Positive pole by silicon photocell E1, E2, E3, E4 passes through schottky diode D5, D6, D7, D8 respectively; Carry out sending into after leave the space input end the 1st pin of four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11; Carry out the dividing potential drop sampling through resistance R W simultaneously, the voltage of sampling is directly controlled the 4th pin ON/OFF of four end voltage stabilizers: adjust resistance R W when intensity of illumination=50LUX, the voltage=0.8V of resistance R W lever arm; Then four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11 quit work; Output terminal the 2nd pin is 0V, realizes overcast and rainy and night, and this sensor and tracking control system thereof all quit work automatically; When the voltage of the lever arm of resistance R W rises to>during 1.4V; Then four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11 start working, and output terminal the 2nd pin is 5V, supply power to voltage comparator LM324; Explain that outdoor light intensity increases greatly or begin that the sun rising in the eastern sky, the tracking Control on beginning daytime.
With the east-west direction is example, and the positive pole of silicon photocell E1 is to the negative terminal of IC2, and through the anode of diode D1 to IC1; The positive pole of silicon photocell E2 is to the negative terminal of IC1, and through the anode of diode D2 to IC2.Diode D1, D2 have two effects: the first, when aiming at sunshine, the anode that IC1, IC2 be set than the low 0.15V of negative terminal about, reliably export 0 level with assurance IC1, IC2; The second, silicon photocell E1, E2 and hysteresis circuitry are kept apart, guarantee that hysteresis voltage only acts on positive input, and do not influence the precision of photometry device.When moving from east to west along with the sun; The sun also moves (being that the sun is toward direction motion at high noon) from south to north; The electric current of silicon photocell E2, E4 constantly rises, and when silicon photocell E2, E4 exceeded the pressure drop 0.15V of diode D2, D4 than E1, E3 respectively, the output terminal out2 of IC2, IC4, out4 exported the high level of 5V respectively; Control tracking drive motor westerly corresponding and past north respectively, promptly stop to follow the tracks of until reaching temporary transient balance again.The principle of work of direction tracking Control southeastwards, its analytic process is identical.
Universal-type solar optical tracking transducer device of the present invention; The Transistor-Transistor Logic level control signal of its output can directly drive the driving circuit of various ways: one of which, relay-type motor-drive circuit; Characteristics are tracking control systems under temporarily steady state, and the quiescent dissipation of total system is zero; Its two, motor is driven by the half-bridge driven integrated circuit, characteristics be whole tracking control system under temporarily steady state, power consumption only depends on the oneself power consumption of half-bridge driven integrated circuit.
With reference to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, be the sensor device use-case, it can directly be fixed on solar panel 3 tops, keeps four silion cells 1 and solar panel 3 collection faces, also is that acquisition plane has same angle; This solar panel 3 is installed on the support 4 through twin shaft, the wherein adjusting of transverse axis 5 department's clothes North and South directions, and Z-axis 6 is promptly taken charge of the adjusting of clothes east-west direction.Fig. 5 solar panel 3 towards, also can be considered and aim at the sunray that the west falls, when second day sun power rises; Light can shine on arbitrary of four silicon photocells 1 or two, and the output signal of this sheet silicon photocell 1 drives this road motor; Drive transverse axis 5 or Z-axis 6 actions; Regulate the angle of solar panel 3, meet the sun of initial rise, reach collecting energy to greatest extent.

Claims (8)

1. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device; Comprise light test section and decision circuitry part; It is characterized in that the light test section includes the silicon photocell in orientation, four corresponding four corners of the world of difference, four silicon photocells become same angle to be fixed on four orientation, the four corners of the world of sensor holder with light collection face, form a type bucking ladder structure; Wherein two of opposite side silicon photocells detect the light of east-west directions, and two silicon photocells of another opposite side detect the light of North and South directions; Decision circuitry partly includes voltage sample module, precision set module, comparison output module and self-powered module; Wherein silicon photocell output divides two-way, and one the tunnel connects the comparison output module successively after voltage sample module, precision set module; Another road connects the self-powered module, to the sensor integrated circuit working power is provided by the self-powered module.
2. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 1 is characterized in that sensor holder is an isosceles trapezoid platform structure, central plane and bottom surface angle between the 40-70 degree, fixing a slice silicon photocell on each central plane same position.
3. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that silicon photocell is a rectangular configuration, and the one of which length of side is not more than the last bottom side length of sensor holder.
4. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the upper bottom surface of sensor holder has extended upward a shading square column, and the height of shading square column is not less than the long limit of silicon photocell.
5. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the self-powered module is one four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11; The output of four silicon photocells after diode D5, D6, D7, D8 isolate, is sent into the 1st pin of four end voltage stabilizer PQ05R11 respectively, and input end connects the 4th pin after variable resistor RW dividing potential drop sampling; The 2nd pin is an output terminal, and circuit work power is provided.
6. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 1 is characterized in that four silion cells are respectively E1, E2, E3, E4, forms the loop with the voltage sample module of being made up of diode and resistance respectively; Silicon photocell E1 and diode D1 and resistance R 1 loop; Silicon photocell E2 and diode D2 and resistance R 2 loops; Silicon photocell E3 and diode D3 and resistance R 3 loops; Silicon photocell E4 and diode D4 and resistance R 4 loops; Serial connection point at diode and resistance extracts voltage signal, exports to the comparison output module.
7. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the comparison output module adopts a LM324 voltage comparator; This chip includes four comparer IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4, is respectively applied for the light intensity of comparison thing, north and south four direction and exports corresponding tracking Control level; Each comparer all connects into sluggish type voltage comparator circuit; Wherein the sluggish feedback resistance of comparer IC1 connection is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R5, comparer IC2 connect is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R6, IC3 connect is that the sluggish feedback resistance that R7, IC4 connect is R8; Described resistance R 5, R6, R7, R8 are variable resistor; Resistance is big more, and tracking accuracy is high more; Constitute the precision set module by described resistance R 5, R6, R7, R8.
8. self-powered sun light tracking sensor device according to claim 6; It is characterized in that diode D1, D2, D3, D4 are schottky diode; Because the forward voltage drop minimum of having only schottky diode is only about 0.15V; This little pressure drop is not just in order to allow tracker too sensitive and to cause following the tracks of action too frequent, if adopt the general-purpose diode pressure drop all about 0.7V, this pressure drop is too blunt and influence precision with regard to causing tracker too greatly.
CN2012103333924A 2012-09-11 2012-09-11 Self-powered sunlight tracing sensor device Pending CN102841612A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105468030A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-04-06 怀化学院 Adjustable two-dimensional sunlight automatic tracking sensing device
CN106527506A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-03-22 倪屹 Sunlight leading-in device capable of realizing sunlight automatic tracking
CN112698667A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-23 合肥向上电子科技有限公司 Sunlight direction detection system and positioning method

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CN202372860U (en) * 2011-09-16 2012-08-08 陈燕 Solar cell panel sampling and tracking sensing device

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JP2003116222A (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-18 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Self-sustaining control method for distributed power supply device
US20040232878A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Couch Philip R. Self-contained, renewable power supply and control system
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105468030A (en) * 2016-01-29 2016-04-06 怀化学院 Adjustable two-dimensional sunlight automatic tracking sensing device
CN106527506A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-03-22 倪屹 Sunlight leading-in device capable of realizing sunlight automatic tracking
CN112698667A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-23 合肥向上电子科技有限公司 Sunlight direction detection system and positioning method
CN112698667B (en) * 2020-12-16 2023-04-28 合肥向上电子科技有限公司 Sunlight direction detection system and positioning method

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Application publication date: 20121226