CN102801350A - H-bridge photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents
H-bridge photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an H-bridge photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The H-bridge photovoltaic grid-connected inverter comprises a direct-current converter, an H-bridge inverter circuit and a filter circuit, wherein the H-bridge inverter circuit comprises a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm which are connected with each other in parallel, the first bridge arm comprises a first thyristor, a first diode and a first power switch tube which are connected with one another in series, and the second bridge arm comprises a second thyristor, a second diode and a second power switch tube which are connected with one another in series. The H-bridge photovoltaic grid-connected inverter can realize the effective turn-off of a switch device in the inverter circuit, and simultaneously does not need the complicated overcurrent detection or a protection circuit for an inverter bridge switch tube.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to converters, more specifically, is a kind of H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter that is used for photovoltaic generating system.
Background technology
Photovoltaic combining inverter is the equipment of most critical in the grid-connected photovoltaic system, and the performance of combining inverter will directly influence the performance of whole grid-connected system.As shown in Figure 1, be the principle schematic of common photovoltaic combining inverter.Inverter comprises DC converting unit 20 and inverter unit 30; It receives the direct voltage from PV array (photovoltaic array) 10; And after DC converting unit 20 DC convertings and inverter unit 30 conversions; Output sinusoidal voltage/electric current is to realize that the electric energy that photovoltaic cell produces is connected to the grid 40.
In the middle low power occasion; Usually the combining inverter topology that adopts high frequency dc to dc converter and the cascade of power frequency H bridge inverter circuit to constitute, the high frequency dc to dc converter output voltage produces sinusoidal voltage/electric current according to the change of shape of half-sinusoid behind power frequency H bridge inverter circuit; And then the electric energy that photovoltaic cell sends is connected to the grid; One-level HF power conversion link is only arranged in the whole system, can realize higher system efficient, power frequency H bridge inverter circuit drive controlling is simple; Reduce the control difficulty of whole system, reduced the cost of whole system.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the circuit diagram of existing photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.As shown in the figure, this photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter uses the H bridge circuit of being made up of switching device 46,48,50,52 24, is converted into the fixed frequency AC voltage of electrical network 14 with the dc voltage with the variation of PV array 12, and uses DC link 16 to realize the energy storage level of centre.Particularly, inverter at first is transformed to the stable dc voltage 20 greater than line voltage with unsettled PV dc voltage 18 via booster converter, subsequently stable dc voltage 20 is transformed to and can be incorporated into the power networks into the electric current 22 in the electrical network 14 via H bridge circuit 24. Switching device 46,48,50,52 carries out switch motion under high frequency.
To be CN 101615859A, denomination of invention a kind ofly carry out improved high-frequency photovoltaic inverter circuit to above-mentioned existing inverter for the Chinese invention patent application of " high-frequency photovoltaic inverter " discloses to publication number.As shown in Figure 3, the voltage of PV array 12 outputs is in the progressive line translation of DC converting, and only switching device 42 has loss.And through inverse cascade 36 conversion the time; Inverter is configurable to be through high frequency switching device 54,56 being carried out switch and device 42 being remained on-state; With operation under boost mode under low input; The switching loss of abatement device 42, so high frequency switching device thus the 54, the 56th only has a device to what switching loss contributed during boost mode.
Yet above-mentioned two kinds of disclosed H bridge-type inverter structures are not paid close attention to the stability and the reliability of inverter circuit.In fact, select for use, form the device of two brachium pontis in the H bridge inverter circuit (among Fig. 2 24, and among Fig. 3 36), how to form by thyristor at common switching device.In combining inverter, use thyristor to have and drive simple, reliability advantages of higher as the switching device of H bridge inverter circuit.Yet, since thyristor can only its electric current be reduced to keep electric current could reliable turn-off when following, as shown in Figure 2; If four switching devices of H bridge inverter circuit all adopt thyristor; Because electric capacity 16 voltage just are always, can not produce negative voltage, and the loop there is not can force to turn-off device; Can't guarantee that electric current in the thyristor is reduced to keeps below the electric current, therefore is difficult to guarantee the reliable turn-off of thyristor.
For addressing the above problem, publication number is that the U.S. Patent application of US2009/0244939A1 discloses a kind of new inverter structure.As shown in Figure 4, this kind inverter 100 comprises the DC-DC converter that the direct current from the DC source is carried out conversion, H bridge inverter circuit 130, filter 122, controller 120, abnormal current detector 104 and AC voltage sample device 118.In H bridge inverter circuit 130; The thyristor that two brachium pontis have adopted series connection respectively and MOSFET (mos field effect transistor) constant power switching tube (as shown in Figure 4, the cascaded structure of brachium pontis employing thyristor 108 and MOSFET power switch pipe 112; Another brachium pontis adopts the cascaded structure of thyristor 110 and MOSFET power switch pipe 114).Alternatively, power switch pipe 112,114 also can adopt JFET (technotron) transistor, IGBT (insulated gate bipolar) transistor etc.This structure is connected into inverter bridge leg with thyristor 108,110 and power switch pipe 112,114; Turn-off through power controlling switching tube 112,114; Keep below the electric current thereby can the electric current of thyristor 108,110 be reduced to it, realize the reliable turn-off of thyristor 108,110.
But, because power switch pipe 112,114 is the two-way admittance device, if because factors such as interference, false triggering or control mistake.Make power switch pipe control signal mistake in the inverter bridge leg, and then the situation of electrical network direct short-circuit will occur.In case and fault appears in electrical network, can destroy whole combining inverter in moment, therefore, this technical scheme has adopted over-current detection circuit and protective circuits such as complicated abnormal current detector 104, controller 120, AC voltage sample device 118.This has caused the increase of whole system control complexity and the reduction of inversion efficiency, and has increased system cost greatly.
Therefore, need a kind of new H bridge inverter structure, it can not influence inversion efficiency, not increase under the prerequisite of circuit complexity, and a kind of reliable and stable voltage/current inversion scheme is provided.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention provides a kind of new H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter structure, and it can reliablely and stablely realize the voltage/current inversion.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of new H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter structure, and it can reduce circuit complexity and cost as much as possible than the existing inverter system, and energy conversion efficiency is improved on the highland as far as possible.
H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention; Comprise DC converter, H bridge inverter circuit and filter circuit; Said H bridge inverter circuit comprises first brachium pontis and second brachium pontis that is connected in parallel; Wherein said first brachium pontis comprises first thyristor, first diode and first power switch pipe that is connected in series, and said second brachium pontis comprises second thyristor, second diode and second power switch pipe that is connected in series.
Preferably; Said DC converter disposes the filtering output capacitance; Said filtering output capacitance comprises first electric capacity and second electric capacity, and wherein said first electric capacity is connected the input side of said H bridge inverter circuit, and said second electric capacity is connected the outlet side of said H bridge inverter circuit.
Preferably, the capacitance of said second electric capacity is 5 to 20 times of capacitance of said first electric capacity.Preferably, the capacitance of second electric capacity is 10 times of the first electric capacity capacitance.
Preferably, said filter circuit comprises first inductance in sequential series, the 3rd electric capacity and second inductance.
Preferably, first thyristor in said first brachium pontis, first diode and the connection in sequential series of first power switch pipe, second thyristor in said second brachium pontis, second diode and the connection in sequential series of second power switch pipe.
Preferably, first diode in said first brachium pontis, first power switch pipe and the connection in sequential series of first thyristor, second diode in said second brachium pontis, second power switch pipe and the connection in sequential series of second thyristor.
Preferably, said DC converter is non-isolated DC converter or isolated DC transducer.
Preferably, said DC converter is the inverse-excitation type DC converter.
H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention; Can realize effective shutoff of switching device in the inverter circuit; And can prevent the short circuit malfunction that produces because of interference, false triggering or control mistake etc.; Guarantee the safety and stability of inverter work, also do not needed complicated converter bridge switching parts pipe over-current detection and protective circuit simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter;
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure diagram of a kind of H bridge photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the prior art;
Fig. 3 is the circuit structure diagram of another kind of H bridge photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the prior art;
Fig. 4 is the circuit structure diagram of another H bridge photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of the prior art;
Fig. 5 is the circuit structure diagram of the H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter in one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram of the H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter in the another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the operation principle oscillogram of the H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among Fig. 5;
Fig. 8 is that H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among Fig. 5 is at the equivalent circuit diagram of the positive half period of line voltage;
Fig. 9 is that H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among Fig. 5 is at the equivalent circuit diagram of the negative half-cycle of line voltage;
Figure 10 is one of Fig. 5 circuit structure diagram of execution mode more specifically;
Figure 11 is the test waveform figure of circuit structure among Figure 10.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the concrete structure and the operation principle of H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention described.Be clear explanation the present invention, known part is only done concise and to the point description.In the accompanying drawing, identical label is represented components identical or part.
As shown in Figure 5, be an execution mode sketch map of H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention.H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter in this execution mode comprises DC converter 100, H bridge inverter circuit 200 and filter circuit 300.Wherein the positive-negative input end 110,120 of DC converter 100 is connected with the positive-negative output end 11,13 of PV array 10 respectively; Two outputs 130,140 of DC converter 100 are connected with two inputs 210,220 of H bridge inverter circuit 200 respectively; Two outputs 230,240 of H bridge inverter circuit 200 are connected with two inputs 310,320 of filter circuit 300 respectively, and two outputs of filter circuit 300 330,340 are connected with two inputs 42,44 of electrical network 40 respectively.DC converter 100 receives the DC electric energy from PV array 10, and dc voltage is converted into the required dc voltage of H bridge inverter circuit 200, after H bridge inverter circuit 200 is converted into AC voltage with this dc voltage, with power delivery to electrical network 40.
H bridge inverter circuit 200 comprises first brachium pontis and second brachium pontis that is connected in parallel, and wherein first brachium pontis comprises the first thyristor T that is connected in series
1, the first diode D
1And first power switch tube S
1, correspondingly, second brachium pontis comprises the second thyristor T that is connected in series
2, the second diode D
2And second power switch tube S
2In execution mode shown in Figure 5, the first thyristor T
1, the first diode D
1And first power switch tube S
1Be connected in series the second thyristor T in order
2, the second diode D
2And second power switch tube S
2Be connected in series in order.Particularly, in first brachium pontis, the first thyristor T
1The negative electrode and the first diode D
1Anode be connected the first diode D
1The negative electrode and the first switching tube S
1Drain electrode be connected; In second brachium pontis, the second thyristor T
2The negative electrode and the second diode D
2Anode be connected the second diode D
2Negative electrode and second switch pipe S
2Drain electrode be connected; Being connected in parallel of first brachium pontis and second brachium pontis is through the first thyristor T
1With the second thyristor T
2The connection of each anode and the first switching tube S
1With second switch pipe S
2The connection of each source electrode realizes.In this execution mode, two inputs 210,220 of H bridge inverter circuit 200 are respectively the first thyristor T
1, the second thyristor T
2The anode tap and first power switch tube S
1, second power switch tube S
2Source terminal, output 230,240 is respectively the first thyristor T
1The cathode terminal and the second thyristor T
2Cathode terminal.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 6, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, first brachium pontis of H bridge inverter circuit 200 ' is formed, and is the first diode D
1, first power switch tube S
1And the first thyristor T
1Connection in sequential series; Second brachium pontis is formed, and is the second diode D
2, second power switch tube S
2And the second thyristor T
2Connection in sequential series.Particularly, in first brachium pontis of this execution mode, the first diode D
1The negative electrode and first power switch tube S
1Drain electrode be connected first power switch tube S
1The source electrode and the first thyristor T
1Anode be connected; In second brachium pontis, the second diode D
2The negative electrode and second power switch tube S
2Drain electrode be connected second power switch tube S
1The source electrode and the second thyristor T
2Anode be connected.Being connected in parallel of two brachium pontis in this execution mode, be through the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 anode tap be connected and the first thyristor T1 realized with second being connected of thyristor T2 cathode terminal.In this embodiment; Two inputs of H bridge inverter circuit are respectively anode tap and the first thyristor T1 of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the cathode terminal of the second thyristor T2, and two outputs are respectively the drain electrode end of first power switch tube S 1 and the drain electrode end of second power switch tube S 2.
Like Fig. 5, shown in 6, DC converter 100 disposes the filtering output capacitance, and this filtering output capacitance comprises first capacitor C
1With second capacitor C
2, first capacitor C wherein
1Be connected H bridge inverter circuit 200,200 ' input side, second capacitor C
2Be connected H bridge inverter circuit 200,200 ' outlet side.Particularly, in execution mode shown in Figure 1, first capacitor C
1Two ends respectively with the anode and first power switch tube S of the first thyristor T1
1Source electrode be connected second capacitor C
2Two ends respectively with the first thyristor T
1The negative electrode and the second thyristor T
2Negative electrode be connected; In execution mode shown in Figure 2, first capacitor C
1Two ends respectively with the first diode D
1The anode and the first thyristor T
1Negative electrode be connected second capacitor C
2Two ends respectively with first power switch tube S
1The source electrode and second power switch tube S
2Source electrode be connected.
In above-mentioned two execution modes, second capacitor C
2Capacitance (being about the hundreds of microfarad) much larger than the capacitance of first electric capacity, i.e. first capacitor C
1Capacitance (being about tens microfarads) enough little, thus, even first capacitor C
1Voltage when the highest, inverter bridge is directly with its short circuit, first capacitor C
1The energy of middle storage can not cause the switching device S in the inverter bridge yet
1, S
2Damage.Preferably, second capacitor C
2Capacitance be first capacitor C
15 times to 20 times of capacitance.More preferably, second capacitor C
2Capacitance be first capacitor C
110 times of capacitance.
Further with reference to figure 5,6, filter circuit 300 comprises first inductance L in sequential series
1, the 3rd capacitor C
3With second inductance L
2, first inductance L wherein
1An end be connected the other end and C with an output 230 of H bridge inverter circuit 200
3An end be connected; C
3The other end and second inductance L
2An end be connected second inductance L
2The other end be connected with another output 240 of H bridge inverter circuit.C
3Two ends respectively as output 330,340, connect into two inputs 42,44 of electrical network 40.Filter circuit 300 is used for the AC output voltage after the inversion conversion is carried out Filtering Processing.
In Fig. 5, the execution mode shown in 6; DC converter 100 can be the conventional Buck (buck) that uses, Boost (boost type), Buck-Boost non-isolated DC converters such as (giving birth to buck), also can be that conventional use anti-swashs, normal shock, half-bridge, full-bridge, isolated DC transducer such as recommend.Shown in figure 10, the circuit structure diagram when adopting the inverse-excitation type DC converters for the DC converter of the H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among Fig. 5 100.
In above-mentioned two execution modes, the first thyristor T1, the second thyristor T2, the first switching tube S1 in the H bridge inverter circuit 200,200 ' are identical with the switching frequency of second switch pipe S2, and this switching frequency is identical with the frequency of line voltage.The first switching tube S1 and second switch pipe S2 can be MOSFET, IGBT, three types in transistor.The first thyristor T1, the second thyristor T2 can be the conventional various thyristor types of using.
Below be example with the H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter shown in the accompanying drawing 5, operation principle of the present invention is described.As shown in Figure 5; The input 110,120 of DC converter 100 links to each other with the output 11,13 of PV array 10; The output current of DC converter 100 is according to the change of shape of half-sinusoid; Switching element T 1 in the H bridge inverter circuit 200, S1, T2, S2 are all according to the frequency conducting and the shutoff of line voltage; Mix H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter in the one-period the operation principle waveform shown in accompanying drawing 7, among Fig. 7, (a) be the driving voltage u of first power switch tube S 1 and the second thyristor T2
S1, u
T2Oscillogram, (b) be the driving voltage u of second power switch tube S 2 and the first thyristor T1
S2, u
T1Oscillogram, (c) for flowing through the current signal i of first power switch tube S 1 and the second thyristor T2
S1, i
T2Oscillogram, (d) for flowing through the current signal i of second power switch tube S 2 and the second thyristor T1
S2, i
T1Oscillogram, (e) be voltage u through being connected to the grid after the inversion conversion
GAnd current i
GOscillogram.At the positive half cycle of line voltage, the first thyristor T
1With second power switch tube S
2Conducting is shown in equivalent electric circuit Fig. 8; At the negative half period of line voltage, the second thyristor T
2With the first switching tube S
1Conducting, equivalent electric circuit is as shown in Figure 9.
As stated, first capacitor C
1With second capacitor C
2The common output filter capacitor that constitutes DC converter 100, two electric capacity are connected to the input and the output of inverter bridge, wherein, first capacitor C
1Capacity much smaller than second capacitor C
2The appearance value because first capacitor C
1Capacity enough little, its energy stored is also enough little, therefore; Even under the highest situation of capacitance voltage directly by the inverter bridge short circuit; Can not cause breaking-up to the switching device in the inverter bridge yet, in case and short trouble appears in inverter bridge, the output voltage vanishing of DC converter 100; Directly through DC converter output voltage or output current are detected the short trouble that just can judge inverter bridge, thereby in time turn-off first, second power switch tube S
1, S
2, realize protection to combining inverter.Therefore, the switching device in the inverter bridge need not to add over-current detection and protective circuit thereof, has therefore reduced the complexity and the power loss of circuit, thereby has correspondingly improved the stability and the power conversion efficiency of inverter.In addition, thyristor T
1, T
2, the first diode D that is in series
1With first power switch tube S
1The first power switch pipe group that forms, and the second diode D that is in series
2With second power switch tube S
2The second power switch pipe group that forms all is unidirectional conduction device, but can't constitutes the conducting loop, and promptly electrical network can not form short circuit through inverter bridge, does not therefore also have short circuit malfunction and second capacitor C occurs
2Capacity is generally bigger, has stored more energy in the electric capacity, but second capacitor C
2Can therefore,, can the switching device in the inverter bridge not exerted an influence by the inverter bridge short circuit even when the inverter bridge failed because yet yet.
Shown in figure 10, be a more concrete exemplifying embodiment of the employing of the DC converter in the H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention among Fig. 5 inverse-excitation type DC converter.In this concrete example, solar cell PV array output voltage range is 20V～40V, and line voltage is the 220V direct voltage, and the line voltage frequency is 50Hz, and the power of combining inverter is 200VA, the first filter capacitor C
1Be 33nF, the second filter capacitor C
2Be 3.3uF, the switching frequency of anti exciting converter is 100kHz～300kHz.Shown in figure 11, (a) and (b), (c), (d) are the oscillogram of the corresponding respectively driving voltage UT1 of the first thyristor T1, second power switch tube S 2, the second thyristor T2 and first power switch tube S 1, US2, UT2, US1 in one-period; Voltage waveform that is connected to the grid and current waveform are shown in (e) among Fig. 7.
In sum; H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention can be realized effective shutoff of switching device in the inverter circuit, and can prevent the short circuit malfunction that produces because of interference, false triggering or control mistake etc.; Guaranteed the safety and stability of inverter work; Do not need simultaneously complicated converter bridge switching parts pipe over-current detection and protective circuit yet, thereby greatly reduce the complexity and the power loss of system, and reduced system cost.
Claims (9)
1. a H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter comprises DC converter, H bridge inverter circuit and filter circuit, it is characterized in that:
Said H bridge inverter circuit comprises first brachium pontis and second brachium pontis that is connected in parallel; Wherein said first brachium pontis comprises first thyristor, first diode and first power switch pipe that is connected in series, and said second brachium pontis comprises second thyristor, second diode and second power switch pipe that is connected in series.
2. H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said DC converter disposes the filtering output capacitance; Said filtering output capacitance comprises first electric capacity and second electric capacity, and wherein said first electric capacity is connected the input side of said H bridge inverter circuit, and said second electric capacity is connected the outlet side of said H bridge inverter circuit.
3. H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the capacitance of said second electric capacity is 5 to 20 times of capacitance of said first electric capacity.
4. H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the capacitance of said second electric capacity is 10 times of capacitance of said first electric capacity.
5. according to each described H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said filter circuit comprises first inductance in sequential series, the 3rd electric capacity and second inductance.
6. according to each described H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among the claim 1-4; It is characterized in that; First thyristor in said first brachium pontis, first diode and the connection in sequential series of first power switch pipe, second thyristor in said second brachium pontis, second diode and the connection in sequential series of second power switch pipe.
7. according to each described H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among the claim 1-4; It is characterized in that; First diode in said first brachium pontis, first power switch pipe and the connection in sequential series of first thyristor, second diode in said second brachium pontis, second power switch pipe and the connection in sequential series of second thyristor.
8. according to each described H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said DC converter is non-isolated DC converter or isolated DC transducer.
9. according to each described H bridge photovoltaic combining inverter among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said DC converter is the inverse-excitation type DC converter.
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| CN109449886A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-08 | 深圳古瑞瓦特新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter control method and system |
| CN109449886B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2024-02-23 | 深圳古瑞瓦特新能源有限公司 | Photovoltaic inverter control method and system |
| CN112087139A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-15 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Isolated converter with high step-up ratio |
| EP4054065A1 (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-07 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | Voltage conversion circuit and power supply system |
| US11757287B2 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2023-09-12 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | Voltage conversion circuit and power supply system |
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Application publication date: 20121128 |