CN102674354A - Preparation method for mesoporous silicon carbide material - Google Patents

Preparation method for mesoporous silicon carbide material Download PDF

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CN102674354A
CN102674354A CN2012101460696A CN201210146069A CN102674354A CN 102674354 A CN102674354 A CN 102674354A CN 2012101460696 A CN2012101460696 A CN 2012101460696A CN 201210146069 A CN201210146069 A CN 201210146069A CN 102674354 A CN102674354 A CN 102674354A
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silicon carbide
preparation
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mesoporous silicon
wet gel
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CN102674354B (en
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沈晓冬
孔勇
崔升
仲亚
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of inorganic materials and material synthesis process, relating to a preparation method for a mesoporous silicon carbide material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing wet gel by taking resorcinol, methanal and tetraethyl orthosilicate are reactants, taking acid and alkali as catalysts and performing a sol-gel reaction; aging the wet gel, and drying the wet gel under the normal pressure to obtain silicon carbide precursors; performing carbon thermal reduction on the silicon carbide precursors by means of inert gas shielding to produce silicon carbide; and calcining, scouring, washing, filtering and drying the silicon carbide to obtain the mesoporous silicon carbide material. The preparation method has the advantages of readily available raw materials, simple equipment, and small particle sizes and larger specific surface areas of the silicon carbide.

Description

A kind of preparation method of mesoporous silicon carbide material
Technical field
The invention belongs to inorganic materials and material synthesis technique field, relate to a kind of preparation method of mesoporous silicon carbide material.
Background technology
Silit (SiC) material has many excellent properties such as good thermal conductivity and electroconductibility, resistance to elevated temperatures and chemicalstability, shaking property of heat resistanceheat resistant, low thermal coefficient of expansion, high firmness, in ceramic composite, high-abrasive material, catalyzer and photoelectron material field very big application potential is arranged.
SiC can prepare through methods such as traditional Acheson technology, precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method and shape memory synthesis methods, but these compound method carbothermic reduction temperature are higher, as the temperature of reaction of Acheson technology at 2000 ° more than the C.In addition, the porous SiC material granule that synthesizes of aforesaid method and aperture big (generally in micron level), specific surface area is little (generally is no more than 70m 2/ g).It is a kind of effective way for preparing high-specific surface area SiC mesoporous material or nano particle that sol-gel method combines carbo-thermal process, and this method utilizes sol-gel method to synthesize carbon-silica composite as presoma usually earlier, and presoma is through the synthetic SiC of pyrocarbon thermal reduction reaction; The particle of the mesoporous SiC material that this method obtains is little; Specific surface area is bigger, like people (Chem.Mater.2010,22 such as Nicholas Leventis; 2790-2803) a kind of method of utilizing the mesoporous SiC of sol-gel method and carbo-thermal process preparation of report; Median size is at 7 ~ 17nm, but its specific surface area is lower, is no more than 100m 2/ g.In addition, the preparation technology of the present SiC presoma of reporting is more complicated, needs the carbon sol and the SiO that will prepare respectively mostly 2Colloidal sol mixes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of mesoporous silicon carbide material for the deficiency of improving the prior art existence; This method technology is simple; Directly with adopting a step sol-gel method to prepare the silicon carbide precursor body after the raw materials mix, can prepare high-specific surface area, mesoporous silicon carbide material that particle diameter is little.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of mesoporous silicon carbide material, and its concrete steps are following:
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, an acidic catalyst, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are 1:2 in molar ratio: (0.25 ~ 2): (0.04 ~ 0.15): (0.003 ~ 0.01): (1 ~ 8): (20 ~ 160) mix; Stirred 30 ~ 90 minutes down at 50 ~ 70 ℃; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 7.8 ~ 9.5; Under 50 ~ 70 ° of C, carry out sol gel reaction and obtain wet gel, wet gel obtains the silicon carbide precursor body through the laggard capable constant pressure and dry of overaging;
(2) the silicon carbide precursor body that obtains in the step (1) temperature rise rate with 2 ~ 4 ° of C/min under protection of inert gas is heated to 1450 ~ 1600 ° of C, is incubated 3 ~ 10 hours, cool the temperature to 500 ~ 700 ° of C then; And rare gas element is replaced by air, and be incubated 2 ~ 4 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample; In hydrofluoric acid, soak then and remove silicon-dioxide, after washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
An acidic catalyst described in the preferred steps (1) is a kind of in hydrochloric acid or the nitric acid.
Preferred steps (1) the sol gel reaction time is 10 ~ 30 minutes; Aging condition is in the step (1): 50 ~ 75 ° of C wore out 1 ~ 7 day down; Drying conditions is in the step (1): drying is 24 ~ 48 hours under 40 ~ 60 ° of C.
Rare gas element described in the preferred steps (2) is a kind of in helium or the argon gas.The massfraction of the hydrofluoric acid described in the preferred steps (2) is 10 ~ 30%, and soak time is 1 ~ 3 hour.
The mesoporous silicon carbide material of the present invention's preparation can be used for fields such as catalystic material, ceramic composite, high-abrasive material, photoelectron material and high temperature insulating material.
Beneficial effect:
The mesoporous silicon carbide material of the inventive method preparation has following characteristics:
(1) low in raw material cost is easy to get, and equipment is simple, realizes scale prodn easily.
(2) silicon-carbide particle size be evenly distributed, have typical meso-hole structure characteristic.
Description of drawings
The XRD figure spectrum of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that Fig. 1 makes for instance 2.
The HRTEM photo of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that Fig. 2 makes for instance 2.
The SEM photo of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that Fig. 3 makes for instance 2.
The nitrogen adsorption desorption curve of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that Fig. 4 makes for instance 2, wherein ● with zero be respectively adsorption curve and desorption curve.
Embodiment
Instance 1
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, hydrochloric acid, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for 1:2:1.5:0.06:0.008:6:100 in molar ratio; Under 50 ° of C, stirred 90 minutes; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 7.8; Carry out sol gel reaction at 60 ° of C and obtained wet gel in 20 minutes, wet gel wore out 3 days under 70 ° of C, and drying obtained the silicon carbide precursor body in 36 hours in 50 ° of C baking ovens then.
(2) silicon carbide precursor body temperature rise rate with 4 ° of C/min under argon shield is heated to 1600 ° of C, is incubated 3 hours, cools the temperature to 500 ° of C then; And argon gas is replaced by air, and be incubated 4 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample, in 30% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, soaked 1 hour then, remove the silicon-dioxide in the silit; After washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
The pore size distribution of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that makes is 5 ~ 26nm, and specific surface area is 196m 2/ g, median size is 6.5nm.
Instance 2
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, hydrochloric acid, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for 1:2:1:0.09:0.01:4:120 in molar ratio; Under 60 ° of C, stirred 60 minutes; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 8.5; Carry out sol gel reaction at 60 ° of C and obtained wet gel in 30 minutes, wet gel wore out 5 days under 75 ° of C, and drying obtained the silicon carbide precursor body in 48 hours in 40 ° of C baking ovens then.
(2) silicon carbide precursor body temperature rise rate with 2 ° of C/min under argon shield is heated to 1500 ° of C, is incubated 6 hours, cools the temperature to 600 ° of C then; And argon gas is replaced by air, and be incubated 3 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample, in 20% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, soaked 2 hours then, remove the silicon-dioxide in the silit; After washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
The pore size distribution of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that makes is 4 ~ 13nm, and the BET specific surface area is 366m 2/ g, median size is 5.2nm.
The XRD figure spectrum of the prepared silit mesoporous material of this instance is as shown in Figure 1.XRD analysis carries out on the ARLX'TRA of Arl Inc. of Thermo Electron Corp. type X-ray diffraction appearance; Adopt CuK α diffraction, λ=0.15406nm, scanning speed 2 (°)/min, scanning angle 10 ~ 80 degree.Can know that from Fig. 1 the mesoporous silicon carbide of preparation is β-SiC, can calculate corresponding median size according to the Scherrer formula is 5.2nm.
The HRTEM photo of the prepared silit mesoporous material of this instance is as shown in Figure 2.Tem analysis adopts the JEM-2010 of company of NEC type transmission electron microscope.Can find out that from the HRTEM photo of sample the mesoporous silicon carbide of preparation has the spacing of 0.252nm, consistent with the spacing of (111) crystal face of β-SiC, this shows that also the silit of preparation is β-SiC.
The SEM photo of the prepared silit mesoporous material of this instance is as shown in Figure 3.The German LEO-1530VP of Carl Zeiss Inc. field emission scanning electron microscope is adopted in the SEM test.From the SEM photo, can find out, the silit mesoporous material particle size of the present invention preparation, be evenly distributed.
The nitrogen adsorption desorption curve of the prepared silit mesoporous material of this instance is as shown in Figure 4.The full-automatic specific surface area analysis appearance of the U.S. ASAP2020 of Micromeritics company type is adopted in the test of nitrogen adsorption desorption.As can be seen from the figure, the carbofrax material of preparation has typical meso-hole structure characteristic, and the BET specific surface area that the data through the adsorption desorption curve can calculate sample is 366m 2/ g.
Instance 3
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, nitric acid, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for 1:2:0.5:0.04:0.003:1:20 in molar ratio; Under 60 ° of C, stirred 30 minutes; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 8.5; Carry out sol gel reaction at 50 ° of C and obtained wet gel in 10 minutes, wet gel wore out 3 days under 50 ° of C, and drying obtained the silicon carbide precursor body in 36 hours in 50 ° of C baking ovens then.
(2) silicon carbide precursor body temperature rise rate with 2 ° of C/min under argon shield is heated to 1450 ° of C, is incubated 10 hours, cools the temperature to 600 ° of C then; And argon gas is replaced by air, and be incubated 3 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample, in 10% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, soaked 3 hours then, remove the silicon-dioxide in the silit; After washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
The pore size distribution of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that makes is 25 ~ 35nm, and specific surface area is 173m 2/ g, median size is 6.9nm.
Instance 4
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, hydrochloric acid, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for 1:2:1:0.15:0.004:2:160 in molar ratio; Under 70 ° of C, stirred 30 minutes; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 9.5; Carry out sol gel reaction at 70 ° of C and obtained wet gel in 30 minutes, wet gel wore out 7 days under 75 ° of C, and drying obtained the silicon carbide precursor body in 24 hours in 60 ° of C baking ovens then.
(2) silicon carbide precursor body temperature rise rate with 2 ° of C/min under argon shield is heated to 1500 ° of C, is incubated 4 hours, cools the temperature to 500 ° of C then; And argon gas is replaced by air, and be incubated 4 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample, in 20% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, soaked 2 hours then, remove the silicon-dioxide in the silit; After washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
The pore size distribution of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that makes is 5 ~ 25nm, and specific surface area is 298m 2/ g, median size is 4.7nm.
Instance 5
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, nitric acid, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for 1:2:1:0.1:0.006:2:40 in molar ratio; Under 50 ° of C, stirred 60 minutes; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 8.2; Carry out sol gel reaction at 50 ° of C and obtained wet gel in 25 minutes, wet gel wore out 1 day under 60 ° of C, and drying obtained the silicon carbide precursor body in 36 hours in 50 ° of C baking ovens then.
(2) silicon carbide precursor body temperature rise rate with 3 ° of C/min under argon shield is heated to 1550 ° of C, is incubated 6 hours, cools the temperature to 700 ° of C then; And argon gas is replaced by air, and be incubated 2 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample, in 10% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, soaked 3 hours then, remove the silicon-dioxide in the silit; After washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
The pore size distribution of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that makes is 10 ~ 30nm, and specific surface area is 221m 2/ g, median size is 5.6nm.
Instance 6
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, hydrochloric acid, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for 1:2:1.5:0.13:0.005:8:80 in molar ratio; Under 60 ° of C, stirred 50 minutes; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 8.8; Carry out sol gel reaction at 60 ° of C and obtained wet gel in 20 minutes, wet gel wore out 5 days under 70 ° of C, and drying obtained the silicon carbide precursor body in 48 hours in 40 ° of C baking ovens then.
(2) silicon carbide precursor body temperature rise rate with 2 ° of C/min under argon shield is heated to 1500 ° of C, is incubated 8 hours, cools the temperature to 600 ° of C then; And argon gas is replaced by air, and be incubated 3 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to room temperature; Take out sample, in 30% hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, soaked 1 hour then, remove the silicon-dioxide in the silit; After washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
The pore size distribution of the mesoporous silicon carbide material that makes is 5 ~ 35nm, and specific surface area is 177m 2/ g, median size is 7nm.

Claims (7)

1. the preparation method of a mesoporous silicon carbide material, its concrete steps are following:
(1) Resorcinol, formaldehyde, positive tetraethyl orthosilicate, an acidic catalyst, soda ash light, deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol are 1:2 in molar ratio: (0.25 ~ 2): (0.04 ~ 0.15): (0.003 ~ 0.01): (1 ~ 8): (20 ~ 160) mix; Stirred 30 ~ 90 minutes down at 50 ~ 70 ℃; Adding ammoniacal liquor adjusting pH value is 7.8 ~ 9.5; Under 50 ~ 70 ° of C, carry out sol gel reaction and obtain wet gel, wet gel obtains the silicon carbide precursor body through the laggard capable drying of overaging;
(2) the silicon carbide precursor body that obtains in the step (1) temperature rise rate with 2 ~ 4 ° of C/min under protection of inert gas is heated to 1450 ~ 1600 ° of C, is incubated 3 ~ 10 hours, cool the temperature to 500 ~ 700 ° of C then; And rare gas element is replaced by air, and be incubated 2 ~ 4 hours to remove residual charcoal, be chilled to; Take out sample; In hydrofluoric acid, soak then, after washing, filtration, oven dry, obtain the light green mesoporous silicon carbide.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that an acidic catalyst described in the step (1) is a kind of in hydrochloric acid or the nitric acid.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step (1) the sol gel reaction time is 10 ~ 30 minutes.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that aging condition is in the step (1): 50 ~ 75 ° of C wore out 1 ~ 7 day down.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that drying conditions is in the step (1): drying is 24 ~ 48 hours under 40 ~ 60 ° of C.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the rare gas element described in the step (2) is a kind of in helium or the argon gas.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, the massfraction that it is characterized in that the hydrofluoric acid described in the step (2) is 10 ~ 30%, soak time is 1 ~ 3 hour.
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CN102897764A (en) * 2012-10-22 2013-01-30 南京工业大学 Bulk silicon carbide aerogel material and preparation method thereof
CN105000562A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-10-28 中国计量学院 Preparation method of silicon carbide hollow sphere
CN105110334A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-12-02 中国计量学院 Preparation method for spherical silicon carbide
CN105502403A (en) * 2016-01-14 2016-04-20 太原理工大学 Preparation method of ordered mesoporous silicon carbide
CN107416837A (en) * 2017-05-09 2017-12-01 武汉科技大学 A kind of method that porous nano carborundum is prepared using silicate glass as raw material
CN107963631A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-04-27 宁波爱克创威新材料科技有限公司 Nanometer silicon carbide and preparation method thereof
CN113149013A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-23 天津理工大学 Method for preparing silicon carbide micron rod
CN113224304A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-08-06 浙江辽江新材料有限公司 Copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide lithium ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN114715897A (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-07-08 南京航空航天大学 Size-adjustable SiC @ C mesoporous hollow sphere and preparation method and application thereof
CN115072723A (en) * 2022-07-18 2022-09-20 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 Method for preparing nano silicon carbide by sol-gel method

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CN102897764A (en) * 2012-10-22 2013-01-30 南京工业大学 Bulk silicon carbide aerogel material and preparation method thereof
CN105000562B (en) * 2015-07-31 2018-02-13 中国计量学院 A kind of preparation method of carborundum hollow ball
CN105000562A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-10-28 中国计量学院 Preparation method of silicon carbide hollow sphere
CN105110334A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-12-02 中国计量学院 Preparation method for spherical silicon carbide
CN105502403A (en) * 2016-01-14 2016-04-20 太原理工大学 Preparation method of ordered mesoporous silicon carbide
CN105502403B (en) * 2016-01-14 2017-05-10 太原理工大学 Preparation method of ordered mesoporous silicon carbide
CN107416837A (en) * 2017-05-09 2017-12-01 武汉科技大学 A kind of method that porous nano carborundum is prepared using silicate glass as raw material
CN107963631A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-04-27 宁波爱克创威新材料科技有限公司 Nanometer silicon carbide and preparation method thereof
CN113149013A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-23 天津理工大学 Method for preparing silicon carbide micron rod
CN113149013B (en) * 2021-04-30 2023-05-23 天津理工大学 Method for preparing silicon carbide micron rod
CN113224304A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-08-06 浙江辽江新材料有限公司 Copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide lithium ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN113224304B (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-07-05 江西普瑞森新能源科技有限公司 Copper-nickel co-doped silicon carbide lithium ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN114715897A (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-07-08 南京航空航天大学 Size-adjustable SiC @ C mesoporous hollow sphere and preparation method and application thereof
CN115072723A (en) * 2022-07-18 2022-09-20 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 Method for preparing nano silicon carbide by sol-gel method
CN115072723B (en) * 2022-07-18 2024-02-27 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 Method for preparing nano silicon carbide by sol-gel method

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