CN102611116B - Single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system - Google Patents

Single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system Download PDF

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CN102611116B
CN102611116B CN201210051065.XA CN201210051065A CN102611116B CN 102611116 B CN102611116 B CN 102611116B CN 201210051065 A CN201210051065 A CN 201210051065A CN 102611116 B CN102611116 B CN 102611116B
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transformer
load
current
supply system
power supply
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CN102611116A (en
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黄民聪
戴宁怡
刘景荣
黄志刚
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MACAO UNIV
University of Macau
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-phase electric energy quality controller for an electrified railway power supply system, which is characterized by comprising a load side converter, a no-load side converter, a DC unit, a capacitive impedance and a booster transformer, wherein the load side converter and the no-load side converter exchange energy through the DC unit to form a back-to-back rectifier inverter; and the load side converter is connected with the capacitive impedance, and the no-load side converter is connected with the booster transformer. The controller provided by the invention has functions of active power control, reactive power compensation and harmonic compensation, and is capable of effectively improving electric energy quality in a traction power supply system of the electrified railway and reducing system loss.

Description

For the single-phase electric energy quality controller of electrified railway power supply system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for the single-phase electric energy quality controller in electrified railway power supply system, belong to the electric and electronic technical field in electrical engineering.
Background technology
The electric railway of China generally adopts single phase industrial frequence alternating current to be that railway locomotive is powered.Negative-sequence current can be injected three-phase power supply system as large capacity single phase load by electric locomotive, causes electric power system imbalance of three-phase voltage, the problem of voltage fluctuation.And electric locomotive can produce reactive current and harmonic current simultaneously, the normal operation of harm electric power system.
In the existing power system of electric railway of China, generally adopt phase sequence rotation, scheme that phase-splitting is powered.The program can alleviate the impact of three-phase imbalance to a certain extent, but fundamentally can not solve the impact of single-phase traction load on whole utility network.Electric neutral section adds cost and constrains the speed of service of locomotive simultaneously, is difficult to the requirement meeting high-speed overload railway.
At " based on YN; the railway locomotive alternating current traction cophase supply device of vd wiring transformer " (Chinese invention patent, authorized announcement date: on June 24th, 2009, notification number CN100505499C) in, propose one can realize railway cophase supply completely and without the need to phase-splitting, eliminate the cophase supply device that rail traction load affects the utility network quality of power supply simultaneously.Rectification adverser wherein based on power electronic technology plays a crucial role in cophase supply system.For the structure of this rectification adverser and the description of control method, be found in two sections of following scientific and technical literatures: document 1: Zhang Xiufeng, Lie group is profound, Lv Xiaoqin, connects cophase supply system based on active filter and V, v, China's railway science, 2006,27 (2): 98-102; Document 2: Zeng Guohong, Hao Rongtai, based on the cophase supply system of active filter and balanced impedance matching transformer, railway society, 2003,25 (3): 49-54.Its Literature 1 selects V, and v transformer is as traction transformer, and document 2 selects balanced impedance matching transformer to be traction transformer, and two kinds of equal side joints of transformer enter three phase network, and secondary side transfers two-phase to and exports.
Cophase supply scheme in above-mentioned document, rectification adverser both sides all need transformer current transformer and drawing electric network to be connected, and its theory structure simplified as shown in Figure 1.At " the single-phase Unified Power Quality Controller for electrified railway power supply " (Chinese invention patent, authorized announcement date: on November 4th, 2009, notification number CN 100557935C) in, a kind of single-phase Unified Power Quality Controller for electrified railway power supply (being called for short UPQC) is proposed, this UPQC is by adopting Large Copacity chain H bridge current transformer, save the transformer of side, thus the cost of reduction device, floor space and loss, its structure is as shown in Figure 2.But with regard to rectification adverser itself, because a side converter is by inductance directly access drawing electric network in parallel, consider that traction locomotive is inductive load, in order to the compensation for Load harmonic, idle and unsymmetrical current can be realized, as the parameter in this patent Example, total DC voltage of rectification adverser must higher than the amplitude of Secondary Side of Traction Transformer voltage.Defect is, rectification adverser cost is high, limits the application of the program.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of novel single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system; This object is realized by following technical scheme:
For a single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system, it is characterized in that, comprising: load side current transformer, unloaded side converter, direct current component, capacitive reactances and step-up transformer; Load side current transformer and unloaded side converter, by direct current component positive energy exchange, form the rectification adverser of " back-to-back "; Load side current transformer connects capacitive reactances, and unloaded side converter is connected with step-up transformer.
Described capacitive reactances comprises a group capacitor and one group of reactor, and under system operating frequency, it is capacitive that capacitor adds reactor total impedance.
The resistance value of described capacitive reactances under system operating frequency meets in nominal load situation, the operating frequency component of load side current transformer output voltage and the operating frequency component of offset current equidirectional.
The inductance capacitance series arm resonance of described capacitive reactances, at certain major harmonic of traction load electric current, is selected 3 times, 5 times or 7 times usually.
Described step-up transformer is single-phase isolation boosting transformer, and its no-load voltage ratio is the ratio of load side current transformer rated voltage and system voltage.
Feature of the present invention and beneficial effect:
Single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system (being called for short Hybrid UPQC) proposed by the invention, there is active power controller simultaneously, the function of reactive power compensation and harmonic compensation, effectively can improve the power quality problem in electric railway traction power supply system, reduce system loss.The Hybrid UPQC utilizing the present invention to propose, by capacitive reactances, current transformer is accessed tractive power supply system, the direct current total voltage of rectification adverser can be reduced to 50 ~ 80% of existing scheme, thus reduce the capacity of electronic power conversion device, reach the object reduced costs with running wastage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the existing cophase supply system based on dual transformer isolation structure.
Fig. 2 is that existing side adopts isolating transformer, and side is directly incorporated into the UPQC structural representation of system through inductance.
Fig. 3 is that side provided by the invention adopts isolating transformer, and side is incorporated to the Hybrid UPQC structural representation of system through capacitive reactances.
Fig. 4 to be Hybrid UPQC to system inject active current and compensate load perception idle time polar plot.
Fig. 5 to be UPQC to system inject active current and compensate load perception idle time polar plot.
Fig. 6 is that in embodiment one, Hybrid UPQC is installed in the system construction drawing realizing cophase supply system in the traction substation of use V, a v transformer.
Fig. 7 is that in embodiment two, Hybrid UPQC is installed in the system construction drawing realizing cophase supply system in the traction substation of a use single-phase transformer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 3, this device comprises load side current transformer (being called for short load current transformer), unloaded side converter (being called for short unloaded current transformer), direct current component, step-up transformer and capacitive reactances to single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway in-phase power supply system provided by the invention (being called for short Hybrid UPQC) general structure.Based on the load side current transformer of power electronic device (GTO or IGBT) and unloaded side converter by direct current component positive energy exchange, the rectification adverser of composition " back-to-back ".Capacitive reactances connects traction power supply net and load side current transformer, and this impedance is made up of a group capacitor and one group of inductance, and capacitor and inductor resonance is at certain first harmonic of load, and thus its total impedance under system operating frequency is always capacitive.Unloaded side converter is by boosting isolating transformer connecting system.
In above-mentioned Hybrid UPQC, same drawing electric network, by the feeder ear direct connection of capacitive reactances and traction transformer, namely in parallelly with electrization railway draught load is accessed in side, and the current transformer of this side is also referred to as load side current transformer; Opposite side is then connected with electric power system by step-up transformer, and the current transformer of this side is called unloaded side converter.
Wherein, load side current transformer accesses drawing electric network by capacitive reactances, when its output voltage is lower than supply conductor voltage, can realize injecting active current, reactive current and harmonic current to drawing electric network.Total DC voltage of corresponding current transformer also will be starkly lower than the amplitude of Secondary Side of Traction Transformer voltage.That can eliminate that rail traction load produces is idle, and harmonic current, for the impact of the utility network quality of power supply, can also solve the utility network imbalance problem that single-phase traction load produces simultaneously.Relative to existing UPQC, the program can reduce the capacity of rectification adverser in single-phase electric energy quality controller, reduces cost and the loss of electric energy quality controller.
Described capacitive reactances comprises a group capacitor and one group of reactor, under system operating frequency, it is capacitive that capacitor adds reactor total impedance, in order to reduce rectification adverser DC side total voltage, the resistance value of described capacitive reactances under system operating frequency meets in nominal load situation, the operating frequency component of load side current transformer output voltage and the operating frequency component of offset current equidirectional.In order to be beneficial to the harmonic wave that filtering rail traction load produces, inductance capacitance series arm resonance, at certain major harmonic of traction load electric current, is selected 3 times, 5 times or 7 times usually.
In above-mentioned Hybrid UPQC, unloaded side converter is through single-phase isolation boosting transformer connecting system, its no-load voltage ratio is the ratio of load side current transformer rated voltage and system voltage, the traction transformer adopted when the traction substation in electric railway is three phase transformation two-phase transformers, such as V, v, during balanced impedance matching transformer, system voltage is the effective value of Secondary Side of Traction Transformer output voltage, usually identical with Traction networks supply power voltage; When traction transformer is single-phase transformer, unloaded side converter is through single-phase isolation boosting transformer access three-phase power supply system, and its no-load voltage ratio is the ratio of the effective value of load side current transformer rated voltage and three-phase power supply system line voltage.
In above-mentioned Hybrid UPQC, unloaded side converter and load side current transformer all can select many level single-phase electricity source converter, as single-phase chain H bridge structure current transformer, the control technology based on current tracking can be adopted (to belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention), guarantee that the present invention realizes compensating for reactive current, harmonic current and controls the transfer of active current, maintain DC voltage simultaneously in setting range.
The operation principle of Hybrid UPQC provided by the invention is summarized as follows:
In cophase supply system, the reactive current that the load side current transformer of Hybrid UPQC produces for electric railway load and harmonic current compensate, simultaneously when traction transformer is three phase transformation two-phase transformers, such as V, v, during balanced impedance matching transformer, another phase winding of the current transformer access traction transformer of unloaded side; When traction transformer is single-phase transformer, unloaded side converter access three-phase power supply system, but different line voltage accesses to be selected with single-phase traction transformer.Unloaded side converter, from Systemic absorption active power, by direct current component, then by load side current transformer by this energy injection system, thus compensates the imbalance of three-phase side electric current.Unloaded side converter, when absorbing active power, adopts power factor correction technology, namely controls current waveform, and ensures that in three-phase power supply system, measured power factor is close to one.
Continuous current locomotive power factor is generally about 0.8, it is inductive load simultaneously, assuming that the positive direction of offset current is the load side current transformer injected system from Hybrid UPQC, when Hybrid UPQC is idle to system injection active current and compensation load perception, polar plot as shown in Figure 4, offset current vector comprises the real component parallel with system voltage and the idle component vertical with system voltage, the voltage vector direction that this electric current flows through capacitive reactances generation is current phasor rotated ninety degrees clockwise, on system voltage and capacitive reactances, voltage is added, be the output voltage of Hybrid UPQC load side current transformer, Hybrid UPQC can when load side current transformer output voltage be lower than system voltage, realize the requirement compensated.And traditional UPQC is when injecting same offset current to system, polar plot as shown in Figure 5, because adopt emotional resistance to connect inverter and system, the voltage vector direction that offset current flows through emotional resistance generation is that current phasor is rotated counterclockwise 90 degree, UPQC load side current transformer voltage is that on system voltage and emotional resistance, voltage is added, and this voltage could must realize compensation requirement higher than system voltage.
Here is the two methods example of Hybrid UPQC of the present invention:
Example one: Hybrid UPQC is based in the cophase supply system of V, v transformer
In this embodiment, Hybrid UPQC is installed in the traction substation of use V, a v transformer and realizes cophase supply system, and the detailed maps of this cophase supply system as shown in Figure 6.
Assuming that public electric wire net, namely traction transformer primary side three-phase voltage is as follows:
In above formula, V represents the three-phase power supply system phase voltage effective value of traction substation access.
As the wiring in Fig. 4, V, v Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer voltage is as follows:
V in above formula αand v βrepresent V respectively, the output voltage of v Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer, wherein v αpower directly to Traction networks, v βfor the unloaded side in cophase supply scheme, V sup plyit is the effective value of the output voltage of secondary side.
When not accessing Hybrid UPQC in system, V, v Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer electric current is as follows:
i a i b i c = i L 0 - i L .
I lfor electric locomotive traction load current, and can fundamental active current be broken down into, fundamental reactive current and harmonic current:
i L＝i L1p+i L1q+i Lh，
Wherein i lhfor the harmonic wave in load current, i l1pand i l1qrepresent fundamental active current and fundamental reactive current respectively, can be expressed as:
Wherein I l1load fundamental current effective value, represent the phase difference between electrified railway traction load supply power voltage and first-harmonic load current.The active power that electrified railway traction load absorbs can be expressed as:
After adding Hybrid UPQC in system, Hybrid UPQC is by injecting compensating electric current, and Secondary Side of Traction Transformer electric current is changed into:
i a i b i c = i L - i pa - i pb - i L - i pc
In above formula, i lfor load current, i pa, i pband i pcbe respectively the three-phase current being injected into system from Hyrbrid UPQC.
In full remuneration situation, the electric current on public electric wire net and the former limit of traction transformer is by three-phase equilibrium and power factor is one, and at this moment primary current can be expressed as:
In this case, public electric wire net only provides the active power of electrified railway traction load, and this power can be expressed as:
P S＝3V AI.
Assuming that do not consider the loss of traction transformer, load power equals system side power output, i.e. P s=P land wherein K is the no-load voltage ratio of traction transformer, and under full remuneration, the current effective value of public electric wire net can be expressed as:
Assuming that the harmonic wave in all load currents is all compensated at the secondary side of traction transformer, namely do not flow through harmonic current in traction transformer, the offset current that Hybrid UPQC injects can be expressed as:
i pa i pb i pc = i L 0 - i L - K i A i B i C .
Based on analysis above, offset current can be expressed as:
Wherein offset current is broken down into the component parallel, vertical with Traction networks supply power voltage and harmonic component.
As the supply power voltage V of Traction networks sup plywhen selecting 27.5kV, setting rectification adverser direct voltage is 28kV.In solution before, total DC voltage of rectification adverser higher than the amplitude of Secondary Side of Traction Transformer voltage, must calculate its direct voltage with this example and must be not less than 39kV.
Inductance capacitance resonance in the capacitive reactances that in this example, load side current transformer connects is in 5 subharmonic, and the no-load voltage ratio of the step-up transformer of unloaded side converter connecting system is 1: 1.4.
Example two: Hybrid UPQC is based in the cophase supply system of single-phase transformer
This example is substantially identical with embodiment one, have employed single-phase transformer unlike traction substation is that Traction networks is powered, the load side current transformer of Hybrid UPQC still accesses Traction networks, between the another two-phase of unloaded side converter then by step-up transformer connecting system, as shown in Figure 7.Assuming that the public electric wire net of traction substation access 110kV, setting inverter direct-current voltage is 28kV, and the inductance capacitance resonance in capacitive reactances is in 5 subharmonic, and the no-load voltage ratio of the step-up transformer of unloaded side converter connecting system is revised as 1: 5.5.

Claims (4)

1. for a single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system, it is characterized in that, comprising: load side current transformer, unloaded side converter, direct current component, capacitive reactances and step-up transformer; Load side current transformer and unloaded side converter, by direct current component positive energy exchange, form the rectification adverser of " back-to-back "; Load side current transformer connects capacitive reactances, and unloaded side converter is connected with step-up transformer; Described capacitive reactances comprises a group capacitor and one group of reactor, and under system operating frequency, it is capacitive that capacitor adds reactor total impedance; The resistance value of described capacitive reactances under system operating frequency meets in nominal load situation, the operating frequency component of load side current transformer output voltage and the operating frequency component of offset current equidirectional.
2. the single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: inductance capacitance series arm resonance is at certain major harmonic of traction load electric current.
3. the single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: certain described major harmonic selects 3 times, 5 times or 7 times.
4. the single-phase electric energy quality controller for electrified railway power supply system according to claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that: described step-up transformer is single-phase isolation boosting transformer, and its no-load voltage ratio is the ratio of load side current transformer rated voltage and system voltage.
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CN103094903B (en) * 2013-01-30 2015-10-21 株洲变流技术国家工程研究中心有限公司 A kind of car net resonance floor synthetic governing system
CN104767394A (en) * 2015-04-16 2015-07-08 西南交通大学 Single-phase half-bridge multi-level AC-DC-AC convertor
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CN107732930B (en) * 2017-11-01 2021-06-08 西南交通大学 Multifunctional converter system suitable for subway traction power supply system
CN109672194A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-23 成都署信科技有限公司 A kind of single-phase ac power supply system
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