CN102592810A - AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof - Google Patents

AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102592810A
CN102592810A CN2011100249453A CN201110024945A CN102592810A CN 102592810 A CN102592810 A CN 102592810A CN 2011100249453 A CN2011100249453 A CN 2011100249453A CN 201110024945 A CN201110024945 A CN 201110024945A CN 102592810 A CN102592810 A CN 102592810A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
phase
transformer
winding
iron core
stem
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2011100249453A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈端生
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN2011100249453A priority Critical patent/CN102592810A/en
Publication of CN102592810A publication Critical patent/CN102592810A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Abstract

The invention relates to a set of AC phase-changing transformer capable of changing phase number and changing voltage, and a power transmission method of the transformer. The transformer suitable for three-phase and two-phase AC power transmission is characterized in that the transformer can transmit power in a single-phase single-line and grounded manner at the high-voltage side; and the transformer at the power consuming end is also provided with an exciter besides a single-phase winding at the primary side. The transformer is simple, convenient and effective in changing a single-phase power to a three-phase or two-phase AC power meeting the power requirement, thereby relatively lowering the cost for suspending power transmission lines and the facility cost. In addition, the number of windings of the transformer is reduced by obviating phase-to-phase voltage so as to facilitate insulation of the transformer. Accordingly, the transformer provided by the invention is beneficial to improvement on transmission voltage and reduction of cross section area of power transmission wires.

Description

Exchange covert, transformer and power transmission/transform method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to carry the defeated change method of the transformer and the alternating current thereof of alternating current.
Background technology
The carrying method of known three-phase alternating current is: use three-phase transformer, in the high-pressure side with phase three-wire three, carry out with the mode of three-phase and four-line in low-pressure side.Its major advantage is: its iron core cross section of three-phase transformer is less, simple in structure, compact, cost is low; And its transmission pressure only must be used three and need not six.But also there are some shortcomings, mainly contain:
During long distance powedr transmission still with three leads transmissions of electricity, the built on stilts and facility expense of its circuit is higher relatively;
2. on transformer and transmission line, all there is ' alternate ' voltage, relatively is unfavorable for improving power transmission and transformation and presses.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind ofly can change voltage, can change covert, the transformer of interchange of the number of phases again, to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming: as far as generating and electricity consumption, all be three-phase alternating current still, and carry out power transmission and transformation in the high-pressure side of transformer with single-phase mode.On the one hand the earth capable of using is done the loop, realizes that single electric wire transmit electricity (arrive the electricity consumption end, become the three-phase electricity that meets power reguirements again again), relatively reduces the built on stilts facility expense that reaches of power transmission line; On the other hand, because of there not being ' alternate ' voltage, the winding number reduces on transformer and transmission line, helps improving the power transmission and transformation pressure, thereby helps reducing cross section, the consumption of minimizing power transmission line, the cost of reduction transmission of electricity relatively of transmission pressure.
' two phases/three-phase ' three kind of covert, the supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of transformer are wherein carried out with single-phase mode in the high-pressure side to the objective of the invention is to realize like this: with ' three-phase/three-phase '---' single-phase/two phases '---.
Be described as follows:
Above-mentioned three kinds of covert, transformers be all three iron core column, and cross-sectional area are identical; The power capacity of former and deputy limit winding equates.
Wherein ' three-phase/three-phase ' transformer is exactly existing three-phase transformer, divides three directions, divides the transmission of electricity of three road direction electricity consumption ends; Voltage, the electric current situation of three tunnel transmissions of electricity are identical.With regard to wherein a road with regard to, transmit electricity with mode (going the same way) single-phase, single line with the earth.
Wherein ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts.
(1) ' magnetizing exciter ' that add embeds former and deputy limit winding and forms on circular iron core, its structure is:
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, as the to be linked in the inside interior iron core that is; Ring-type, be linked in the outside for outer iron core; No air gap exists between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase windings in the groove.
2. former limit is single-phase winding, and be divided into major and minor two coils: major and minor coil presss from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core; Order cross streams after the direct order cross streams electricity of main coil, secondary coil and the capacitors in series.
3. secondary is that two phase windings are two phase coils; The main coil of the single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase coils press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles mutually on iron core.
Behind the single-phase winding order in former limit cross streams electricity, rotating magnetic field can in iron core, be produced, so on two phase coils of secondary, can respond to generation: the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.This two-phase alternating current can be guaranteed the excitation magnetic potential symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) of ' main transformer ' three windings.
(2) the composition situation of ' main transformer ' is: its former limit is single-phase winding, on middle stem stem, the order cross streams; Its secondary is that two phase windings are on two limit stem stems; Also have additional two-phase excitation winding to connect the two-phase excitation alternating current that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed on two limit stem stems.
After the former limit winding order cross streams electricity of ' main transformer ', additional two-phase excitation winding connect the two-phase excitation alternating current; Just be equivalent to connect three-phase alternating current; Though three-phase voltage is unequal; But can accomplish: make the excitation magnetic potential symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) of its three windings, so in three iron core column, can produce the three-phase magnetic flux of symmetrical balance; So on the secondary winding of ' main transformer ', can respond to generation: the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.
' two phases/three-phase ' transformer wherein, its secondary be three phase windings, on three iron core column; Its former limit is two phase windings, on two limit stem stems, two phase windings on former limit connect from the two-phase alternating current of ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer secondary winding output; Because of this two-phase alternating current equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder, so in three iron core column of this transformer, can produce the three-phase magnetic flux of symmetrical balance; So three phase windings of this transformer secondary can be exported the three-phase alternating current of symmetrical balance.
Major advantage of the present invention is:
1. when long distance powedr transmission, carry with mode single-phase, single line, reduce the power transmission and transformation cost in the high-pressure side of transformer.
On transformer and transmission line because of there not being ' alternate ' voltage, relatively help improving power transmission and transformation and press, thus help reducing transmission pressure cross section, reduce power transmission line consumption, reduce the transmission of electricity cost.
3. the winding decreased number on the transformer, comparatively speaking: more help the insulation of transformer, structure is simpler, compact.
Description of drawings
Come the present invention is described further on execution mode with embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the circuit diagram of first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 2 is each transformer figure of first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 3 is transformer B 2The structure chart of ' magnetizing exciter ' that adds, the left side are its circuit diagrams.Accompanying drawing 4 is transformer B 2Additional two-phase excitation winding connection figure.Accompanying drawing 5 is B in first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 2Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 6 is B in first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 3Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 7 is B in first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 3Voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor figure.Accompanying drawing 8 is B in first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 2Magnetic potential, current phasor figure.
Accompanying drawing 9 is circuit diagrams of second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 10 is each transformer figure of second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 11 is transformer B 4The structure chart of ' magnetizing exciter ' that adds, the left side are its circuit diagrams.Accompanying drawing 12 is B in second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 4Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 13 is B in second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 4Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 14 is B in second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 4Voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor figure.Accompanying drawing 15 is B in second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 4Magnetic potential, current phasor figure.
Accompanying drawing 16 is circuit diagrams of the third power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 17 is transformer figure of the third power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 18 is B in the third power transmission and transformation scheme 5Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 19 is B in the third power transmission and transformation scheme 5Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 20 is B in the third power transmission and transformation scheme 5Voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor figure.
Accompanying drawing 21 is circuit diagrams of the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 22 is transformer figure of the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 23 is B in the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 6Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 24 is B 6Secondary meets, is the three-phase load circuit figure that Δ connects method.Accompanying drawing 25 is B 6Secondary meets, is its voltage, the current phasor figure that Δ connects the threephase load of method.Accompanying drawing 26 is B in the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 6Voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor figure.
Accompanying drawing 27 is circuit diagrams of the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 28 is each transformer figure of the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.Accompanying drawing 29 is B in the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 7Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 30 is transformer B 8The structure chart of ' magnetizing exciter ' that adds, the left side are its circuit diagrams.Accompanying drawing 31 is B in the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 8Voltage, magnetic flux vector figure.Accompanying drawing 32 is B 8The secondary winding connects the method circuit diagram for ' V-arrangement ' of ' series connection '.Accompanying drawing 33 is B 8The secondary winding connects the method circuit diagram for ' V-arrangement ' of ' parallel connection '.Accompanying drawing 34 is B 8The secondary winding connects the method circuit diagram for ' X-shaped '.Accompanying drawing 35 is B 8The secondary winding is ' X-shaped ' when connecing method, the polar plot of its various voltages.Accompanying drawing 36 is B in the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 8Voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor figure.
Embodiment
Analyze for simplifying, be convenient to set forth, the cross section of establishing each embodiment, each transformer, each iron core column identical (if cross section of transformer fe stem stem remakes explanation in an embodiment inequality), former and deputy limit umber of turn is all identical.So, in the analysis below: because of the magnetic flux in each transformer, each iron core column all identical (if magnetic flux of transformer fe stem stem remakes explanation in an embodiment inequality), so the voltage relationship of each winding will seem simply, be prone to state on the iron core column; When not having explanation, represent that then they equate.When analyzing magnetic potential, current relationship, need not consider its number of turn, need only consider that its current relationship gets final product.
The 1st embodiment---first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme
This power transmission and transformation scheme,---' single-phase/two phases '---' supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of two phases/three-phase ' three kind of transformer with ' three-phase/three-phase '; Wherein carry out with mode (doing the loop) single-phase, single line with the earth in the high-pressure side.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the circuit diagram of first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme, and accompanying drawing 2 is each transformer figure of first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.
(1) voltage condition
1. at transformer B 1On
In accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, B 1Be ' three-phase/three-phase ' transformer: its former limit is three phase winding A 1O, B 1O, C 1O, its secondary is three phase winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1Accordingly on three iron core column.
From transformer B 1Secondary winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1The three-phase alternating current of output divides three directions, divides three road direction electricity consumption ends to transmit electricity, and three tunnel transmission voltage, electric current situation are identical.Only state winding ax below 1This road, it exports single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U Ax1, be that mode (doing the loop with the earth) with single-phase, single line is to transformer B 2Power supply.
2. at transformer B 2On
In accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, B 2Be ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer, it is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts.
' main transformer ': its former limit is single-phase winding ax 1On middle stem stem, meet B 1The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U of output Ax1Its secondary is two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2), on two limit stem stems; Two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) be equivalent to three phase winding cz of the method that connects from Δ 2, ax 2, by 2Phase winding by in middle the dismounting on the stem stem 2Form (, in accompanying drawing 2, they being drawn on the yoke) for diagram is clear; It can be exported the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder and press U Cb2, U Ac2, this be because: on two limit stem stems, also have additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao, this winding is connected to the two-phase excitation alternating current U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U Ao.
' magnetizing exciter ' that adds: on circular iron core, embed former and deputy limit winding and form, its structure is shown in accompanying drawing 3.
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, be linked in the inside be interior iron core N (being added with ' light shading ' in the accompanying drawing 3), ring-type, be linked in the outside be outer iron core W, no air gap existence between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core N is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds the single-phase winding DO in former limit, FO and secondary two phase winding co, its circuit diagram of ao. left side at accompanying drawing 3 in the groove.
2. former limit is single-phase winding, and dividing has major and minor two coils: main coil DO and secondary coil FO press from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core; Order cross streams after the direct order cross streams electricity of main coil DO, secondary coil FO and the capacitors in series.
3. secondary is that two phase windings are two phase coil co, ao; The main coil DO of single-phase winding and two phase coil co, ao press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles mutually on iron core.
Behind the single-phase winding DO in former limit of additional ' magnetizing exciter ', FO order cross streams electricity, can in its circular iron core, produce rotating magnetic field, so can induction produce in that two phase coil co, the ao of secondary are last: the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder is pressed U Co, U Ao.
B 2' main transformer ' gone up additional two-phase excitation winding co, its wiring of ao shown in accompanying drawing 4.Work as B 2Former limit winding ax 1Order cross streams voltage U Ax1, and additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao meets the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoAfter, just be equivalent to connect three-phase alternating current; In the actual conditions, single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U Ax1Be high pressure, and the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoBe low pressure,, can accomplish: make the open-circuit excitation magnetic potential symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) of these three windings, so at B though this three-phase voltage is unequal 2Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior A1With Φ C2, Φ A2The meeting symmetrical balance; So at B 2Secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) go up and respond to the two-phase alternating current pressure U that produces Cb2, U Ac2Equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.Its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 5.
With U DExpression B 2Former limit winding ax 1On single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U Ax1, with U VExpression B 2Secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on two-phase alternating current press U Cb2, U Ac2Because of B 2Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior A1With Φ C2, Φ A2Symmetrical balance is so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ A1=Φ C2=Φ A2, again because of establishing transformer B 2Each umber of turn is identical, so U D=U V.
3. at transformer B 3On
In accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, B 3Be ' two phases/three-phase ' transformer: its former limit is two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2), on two limit stem stems; Two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) be equivalent to three phase winding cz of the method that connects from Δ 2, ax 2, by 2Phase winding by in middle the dismounting on the stem stem 2Form (, in accompanying drawing 2, they being drawn on the yoke) for diagram is clear; This two phase winding meets B 2The two-phase alternating current of the equal and opposite in direction of output, 120 ° of electric angles of folder is pressed U Cb2, U Ac2
Because of transformer B 3Former limit B that winding connects 2Two phase voltage U of output Cb2, U Ac2So equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder are B 3Magnetic flux Φ in interior two limit stem stems C2, Φ A2Equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.And the magnetic flux Φ in the middle stem stem B2=-(Φ C2+ Φ A2), so B 3Three magnetic flux Φ that stem stem is interior C2, Φ A2With Φ B2Symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder).So at B 3Secondary winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OThree phase voltage U that last induction produces C2, U A2, U B2Symmetrical balance, its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 6.So its three line voltage U CA2, U AB2, U BC2Also symmetrical balance.
With U VExpression B 3Former limit winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on two-phase alternating current press U Cb2, U Ac2, with U YExpression B 3Secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OOn three-phase alternating voltage U C2, U A2, U B2Because of B 3Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior C2, Φ A2With Φ B2Symmetrical balance is so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ C2=Φ A2=Φ B2, again because of establishing transformer B 2Each umber of turn is identical, so U V=U Y.
(2) current conditions
1. at transformer B 3On
If transformer B 3Threephase load that secondary connects is identical, at B 3Secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OThree phase voltage U of output symmetrical balance C2, U A2, U B2Effect under, its secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OLast three load phase current I C2, I A2, I B2Symmetrical balance.At this moment, at B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) the upward inevitable two phase load electric current I that synchronously produce Cb2, I Ac2With the balance magnetic potential.Its voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 7.
On magnetic potential, secondary current I C2, I A2With primary current I Cb2, I Ac2Property is opposite, with secondary current I B2Property is identical.Drawing I A2, I C2With I B2Magnetic potential, current phasor figure the time, be with I ' B2The I of (=- B2) replace I B2.
Electric current I ' B2, at I C2, I A2On two direction vectors the magnetic potential effect is arranged all.
At B 3C 2In the phase magnetic circuit, former limit winding cb 2(be cz 2) last load current I Cb2The magnetic potential that is produced is secondary winding C 2O, B 2OLast two load phase current I C2, I B2The vector sum of the magnetic potential that is produced, magnetic potential, current values relational expression are: I ' B2Cos30 °+I C2Cos30 °=I Cb2.
At B 3A 2In the phase magnetic circuit, former limit winding ac 2(be ax 2) last load current I Ac2The magnetic potential that is produced is secondary winding A 2O, B 2OLast two load phase current I A2, I B2The vector sum of the magnetic potential that is produced, magnetic potential, current values relational expression are: I ' B2Cos30 °+I A2Cos30 °=I Ac2.
Magnetic potential, current phasor by shown in its accompanying drawing 7 can be known: B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on load current I Cb2, I Ac2Equal and opposite in direction presss from both sides 60 ° of electric angles.
With I YRepresent the secondary electric current I C2, I A2, I B2, with I VRepresent primary current I Cb2, I Ac2, its magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I ' YCos30 °+I YCos30 °=I VCause is I ' numerically Y=I YSo, I V=√ 3I Y.
2. at transformer B 2On
B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) input equal and opposite in direction, the folder 60 ° of electric angles load current I Cb2, I Ac2, be exactly B 2Secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) output load current I Cb2, I Ac2.
At this moment, B 2Former limit winding ax 1Will inevitably synchronously produce load current I Ax1, with balance I Cb2, I Ac2The magnetic potential that is produced.Its magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 8.
With in like manner aforementioned, when drawing magnetic potential, current phasor figure, be with will be with I ' Ax1The I of (=- Ax1) replace I Ax1.
Because of B 2What additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao connect on two limit stem stems is the two-phase excitation alternating current that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed, and its capacity is little, only can supply B 2Required open-circuit excitation electric current can not supply load current; And B 2Former limit winding ax on the middle stem stem 1What connect is single-phase alternating current, and its capacity is big, so B 2The required load current in former limit will be confessed by it.
At B 2Former limit winding ax 1Load current I Ax1The magnetic potential that is produced is secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2Load current I Cb2, I Ac2The vector sum of the magnetic potential that is produced.Numerically, magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I Cb2Cos30 °+I Ac2Cos30 °=I ' Ax1.
With I VRepresent the secondary electric current I Cb2, I Ac2, with I DRepresent that primary current is I ' Ax1, its magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I VCos30 °+I VCos30 °=I ' DCause is I ' numerically D=I DSo, I D=√ 3I V.
3. at transformer B 1On
B 2The single-phase winding ax in former limit 1The load current I of input Ax1, be exactly B 1Secondary winding ax 1The load current I of output Ax1.
B 1Secondary is except carrying a phase winding ax 1Output load current I Ax1Outside, also have two phase winding by 1, cz 1Output load current; If the load balance that three tunnel transmissions of electricity are connect (promptly equating) is because of B 1Secondary winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1So the three-phase alternating voltage symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 12 ° of electric angles) of output is also symmetrical balance of the three-phase alternating current of exporting.
(3) winding electric power transmits situation
1. at transformer B 3On
If transformer B 3The threephase load that secondary connect is identical, and its power factor is cos θ; With P cExpression B 3Former limit, former limit winding cb 2(be cz 2) electrical power, with P aExpression B 3Former limit, former limit winding ac 2(ax 2) electrical power, with P 31Represent former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) electrical power; With P 32Expression secondary three-phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OElectrical power; With U VExpression B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) phase voltage, with U YExpression B 3Three phase winding C of secondary 2O, A 2O, B 2OPhase voltage; With I VExpression B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) phase current, with I YExpression B 3Three phase winding C of secondary 2O, A 2O, B 2OPhase current.
As far as inductive load, when drawing voltage, current phasor figure, electric current lags behind electric angle of voltage; This electric angle is to be that cos θ determines by its power factor.In accompanying drawing 7, get cos θ=cos30 °, promptly get θ=30 °; Visible from accompanying drawing 7: phase current I Ac2With phase voltage U Ac2Press from both sides 0 ° of electric angle, phase current I Cb2Lag behind phase voltage U Cb260 ° of electric angles.
This explanation: this moment winding ac 2(ax 2) on hybrid power factor angle be θ-β (=30 °-30 °=0 °), winding cb 2(be cz 2) on hybrid power factor angle be θ+β (=30 °+30 °=60 °).θ is ' load ' power-factor angle, is a variable, and its size is determined by the character of load; β is ' phase shift ' power-factor angle, and it is to be caused the phase place change of electric current and is formed by the certain method for using of the respective outer side edges of transformer, and specifically, it is because the former limit of transformer winding phase shortage causes, and it is an individual constant, and here β ≡ is 30 °.
(1) B 3Former limit winding cb 2(be cz 2) electrical power P c
The compound active power of this winding is: I Cb2U Cb2Cos (θ+30 °)=U VI VCos (θ+30 °)=U VI V(cos30 ° of cos θ-sin30 ° of sin θ), wherein U VI VCos30 ° of cos θ is winding cb 2(be cz 2) on active power; Be P c=(√ 3/2) U VI VCos θ.
(2) B 3Former limit winding ac 2(ax 2) electrical power P a
The compound active power of this winding is: U Ac2I Ac2Cos (θ-30 °)=U VI VCos (θ-30 °)=U VI V(cos30 ° of cos θ+sin30 ° of sin θ), wherein U VI VCos30cos θ is winding ac 2(ax 2) on active power; Be P a=(√ 3/2) U VI VCos θ.
(3) B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) electrical power P 31
B 3The electrical power P of former limit two phase windings 31Be B 3Former limit, former limit winding cb 2(be cz 2) electrical power P cWith B 3Former limit, former limit winding ac 2(ax 2) electrical power P aSum, that is: P 31=P c+ P a=2 (√ 3/2) U VI VCos θ=√ 3U VI VCos θ.
(4) B 3Secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OElectrical power P 32
B 3The electrical power P of secondary three phase windings 32Be secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OElectrical power sum, that is: P 32=3U YI YCos θ.
(5) B 3The electrical power P of former limit two phase windings 31Electrical power P with secondary three phase windings 32Equate
P 32=3U YI YCos θ; By above-mentioned to B 3' voltage condition ' analyze to know U V=U Y, by above-mentioned to B 3' current conditions ' analyze to know I V=√ 3I YSo P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ=3U YI YCos θ=P 32.
That is to say, when disregarding loss, transformer B 3The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates.
2. at transformer B 2On
With P 21Expression B 2The single-phase winding ax in former limit 1Electrical power, with P 22Expression B 2Secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) electrical power; With U DExpression B 2The single-phase winding ax in former limit 1Phase voltage U Ax1, with U VExpression B 2Two phase winding cb of secondary 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) phase voltage U Cb2, U Ac2With I DExpression B 3The single-phase winding ax in former limit 1Electric current I Ax1, with I VExpression B 2Two phase winding cb of secondary 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) phase current I Cb2, I Ac2
Transformer B 2Secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) electrical power and transformer B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) the situation of electrical power identical, i.e. P 22=P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ.
P 21=U DI DCos θ; By above-mentioned to B 2' voltage condition ' analyze to know U D=U V, by above-mentioned to B 2' current conditions ' analyze to know I D=√ 3I VSo P 21=P 22.
At transformer B 3On: P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ=3U YI YCos θ=P 32, at transformer B 2On: P 21=P 22=P 31=P 32.
That is to say, when disregarding loss, transformer B 2The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates, and with transformer B 3The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates.
(4) with ' being incorporated into the power networks ' of local three phase mains
At transformer B 1With B 2Between the high-pressure side, the mode of doing the loop with single-phase single line, with the earth is transmitted electricity, and arrives the electricity consumption end, can have local three phase mains usually; In this case, ' local ' and ' conveying ' two kinds of power supplys operation of can ' being incorporated into the power networks '.At this moment, at transformer B 2Go up additional ' magnetizing exciter ', both can use, also can.
1. at transformer B 2On still with additional ' magnetizing exciter '
In this case, at transformer B 3Secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OThree line voltage U of output CA2, U AB2, U BC2With ' moment ' of three line voltages ' synchronously ' of local three phase mains close a floodgate ' being incorporated into the power networks ' get final product.
2. at transformer B 2On ' magnetizing exciter ' that need not add
In this case, with transformer B 3Secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OConnect local three phase mains, then transformer B 3, B 2Magnetic flux in each iron core column and the voltage between each winding, its situation is all same as described above; As transformer B 2The single-phase winding ax in former limit 1The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U that last induction produces Ax1With transformer B 1Secondary winding ax 1Output single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U Ax1' moment ' combined floodgate ' being incorporated into the power networks ' of ' synchronously ' gets final product.
The 2nd embodiment---second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme
This power transmission and transformation scheme,---' single-phase/two phases '---' supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of two phases/three-phase ' three kind of transformer with ' three-phase/three-phase '; Wherein carry out with mode (doing the loop) single-phase, single line with the earth in the high-pressure side.
Accompanying drawing 9 is circuit diagrams of second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme, and accompanying drawing 10 is each transformer figure of second kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.
(1) voltage condition
1. at transformer B 1On
Transformer B in accompanying drawing 9, accompanying drawing 10 1Picture slightly, because of here with the 1st embodiment in situation identical.
From transformer B 1Secondary winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1The three-phase alternating current of output divides three directions, divides three road direction electricity consumption ends to transmit electricity, and three tunnel transmission voltage, electric current situation are identical.Only state winding cz below 1This road, it exports single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U Cz1, be that mode (doing the loop with the earth) with single-phase, single line is to transformer B 4Power supply.
2. at transformer B 4On
In accompanying drawing 9, accompanying drawing 10, B 4Be ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer, it is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts.Transformer B in the present embodiment 4With the B among the 1st embodiment 2Similar, but structurally different.
' main transformer ': its former limit is single-phase winding cz 1On middle stem stem, meet B 1The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U of output CzIts secondary is two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2), on two limit stem stems; Two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) be equivalent to: with x 2For node, be the three phase winding bx that Y connects method 2, ax 2, cx 2, the phase winding cx in therefrom removing on the stem stem 2, with winding cx 2Be condensed to a node x 2(be c 2), and extract lead-in wire out by this node and form; It can be exported the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 60 ° of electric angles of folder and press U Bc2, U Ac2, this be because: on two limit stem stems, also have additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao, this winding is connected to the two-phase excitation alternating current U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U Ao.
' magnetizing exciter ' that adds: on circular iron core, embed former and deputy limit winding and form, its structure is shown in accompanying drawing 11.
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, be linked in the inside be interior iron core N (being added with ' light shading ' in the accompanying drawing 11), ring-type, be linked in the outside be outer iron core W, no air gap existence between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core N is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds the single-phase winding DO in former limit, FO and secondary two phase winding co, its circuit diagram of ao. left side at accompanying drawing 11 in the groove.
2. former limit is single-phase winding, and dividing has major and minor two coils: main coil DO and secondary coil FO press from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core; Order cross streams after the direct order cross streams electricity of main coil DO, secondary coil FO and the capacitors in series.
3. secondary is that two phase windings are that two phase coil co, ao press from both sides 60 ° of electric angles on iron core; The main coil DO of single-phase winding and two phase coil co, ao all press from both sides 150 ° of electric angles on iron core.
Behind the single-phase winding DO in former limit of additional ' magnetizing exciter ', FO order cross streams electricity, can in its circular iron core, produce rotating magnetic field, so the two-phase alternating current that produces in the last induction of two phase coil co, the ao of its secondary is pressed U Co, U AoEqual and opposite in direction, 60 ° of electric angles of folder, and all press from both sides 150 ° of electric angles with single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage.
B 4' main transformer ' gone up additional two-phase excitation winding co, its wiring of ao shown in accompanying drawing 10.Work as B 4Former limit winding cz 1Order cross streams voltage U Cz, and additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao meets the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoAfter, just be equivalent to connect three-phase alternating current; In the actual conditions, single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U CzBe high pressure, and the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoBe low pressure,, can make the open-circuit excitation magnetic potential of these three windings produce such magnetic flux: the magnetic flux Φ on two limit stem stems though this three-phase voltage is unequal B, Φ AEqual and opposite in direction, the folder 60 ° of electric angles, and with middle stem stem on magnetic flux Φ CAll press from both sides 150 ° of electric angles.Its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 12.
Because of the magnetic flux Φ on two limit stem stems B, Φ ASo equal and opposite in direction, 60 ° of electric angles of folder are at transformer B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) go up and respond to the two-phase alternating current pressure U that produces Bc2, U Ac2Also equal and opposite in direction, the folder 60 ° of electric angles.
Because of U Bc2=-U Cb2So, from transformer B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) the last two-phase alternating current pressure U that exports Cb2, U Ac2Equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder; With transformer B in the 1st enforcement 2Secondary two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) the last two-phase alternating current pressure U that exports Cb2, U Ac2Identical, all be: equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.
Because of the magnetic flux Φ on two limit stem stems B, Φ AEqual and opposite in direction, 60 ° of electric angles of folder, and the magnetic flux Φ in the middle stem stem C=-(Φ B+ Φ A), so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ C=√ 3 Φ B=√ 3 Φ AMagnetic flux density is consistent everywhere in the transformer if keep, and the cross section of middle stem stem should be 3 times of the √ of limit stem stem cross section.
With U DExpression B 4Former limit winding cz 1Single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U Cz, with U VExpression B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) two-phase alternating current press U Bc2, U Ac2Because of Φ C=√ 3 Φ B=√ 3 Φ A, again because of establishing transformer B 4Each umber of turn is identical, so U D=√ 3U V.
3. at transformer B 3On
In present embodiment and the 1st embodiment, transformer B 3Structure identical; B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on the two-phase alternating current imported press U Cb2, U Ac2Identical, all be: equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.
So, present embodiment transformer B 3Voltage and the 1st Embodiment B 3Situation identical: at B 3Secondary winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OThree phase voltage U that last induction produces C2, U A2, U B2Symmetrical balance, its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 13.So its three line voltage U CA2, U AB2, U BC2Also symmetrical balance.
With U VExpression B 3Former limit winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on two-phase alternating current press U Cb2, U Ac2, with U YExpression B 3Secondary three phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OOn three-phase alternating voltage U C2, U A2, U B2Then: U V=U Y.
() current conditions
1. at transformer B 3On
In present embodiment and the 1st embodiment, transformer B 3Structure identical; B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on the two-phase alternating current imported press U Cb2, U Ac2Also identical, all be: equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.
So, present embodiment transformer B 3Electric current and the 1st Embodiment B 3Situation identical: at B 3Secondary winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OLast three load phase current I C2, I A2, I B2Symmetrical balance.Its voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 14.Its B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on load current I Cb2, I Ac2Equal and opposite in direction presss from both sides 60 ° of electric angles.
With I YRepresent the secondary electric current I C2, I A2, I B2, with I VRepresent primary current I Cb2, I Ac2Then: I V=√ 3I Y.
2. at transformer B 4On
B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) input equal and opposite in direction, the folder 60 ° of electric angles load current I Cb2, I Ac2, be exactly B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) output load current I Cb2, I Ac2.
Because of I Bc2=-I Cb2So, B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) output load current I Bc2, I Ac2Equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.At this moment, B 4The single-phase winding cz in former limit 1Will inevitably synchronously produce load current I G, with balance I Bc2, I Ac2The magnetic potential that is produced.Its magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 15.
With in like manner aforementioned, when drawing the current phasor figure of magnetic potential, be with I ' GThe I of (=- G) replace I G.
Because of B 4What additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao connect on two limit stem stems is the two-phase excitation alternating current that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed, and its capacity is little, only can supply B 4Required open-circuit excitation electric current can not supply load current; And B 4Former limit winding cz on the middle stem stem 1What connect is single-phase alternating current, and its capacity is big, so B 4The required load current in former limit will be confessed by it.
At B 4Former limit winding cz 1Load current I GThe magnetic potential that is produced is secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) load current I Bc2, I Ac2The vector sum of the magnetic potential that is produced.Numerically, magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I Bc2Cos60 °+I Ac2Cos60=I ' G.
With I VRepresent the secondary electric current I Bc2, I Ac2, I GBe primary current, its magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I VCos60 °+I VCos60 °=I ' GCause is I ' numerically G=I GSo, I G=I V.
3. at transformer B 1On
B 4The single-phase winding cz in former limit 1The load current I of input G, be exactly B 1Secondary winding cz 1The load current I of output G.
B 1Secondary is except carrying a phase winding cz 1Output load current I GOutside, also have two phase winding by 1, cz 1Output load current; If the load balance that three tunnel transmissions of electricity are connect (promptly equating) is because of B 1Secondary winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1So the three-phase alternating voltage symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) of output is also symmetrical balance of the three-phase alternating current of exporting.
(3) winding electric power transmits situation
1. at transformer B 3On
If transformer B 3The threephase load that secondary connect is identical, and its power factor is cos θ; With P 31Represent former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) electrical power; With P 32Expression secondary three-phase winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OElectrical power; With U VExpression B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) phase voltage, with U YExpression B 3Three phase winding C of secondary 2O, A 2O, B 2OPhase voltage; With I VExpression B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) phase current, with I YExpression B 3Three phase winding C of secondary 2O, A 2O, B 2OPhase current.
In present embodiment and the 1st embodiment, transformer B 3Structure identical; B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on the two-phase alternating current imported press U Cb2, U Ac2Also identical, all be: equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.
Present embodiment transformer B 3Electric current and the 1st Embodiment B 3Situation identical: at B 3Secondary winding C 2O, A 2O, B 2OLast three load phase current I C2, I A2, I B2Symmetrical balances (equal and opposite in direction presss from both sides 120 ° of electric angles mutually) all is at B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) on load current I Cb2, I Ac2All equal and opposite in direction presss from both sides 60 ° of electric angles.
The same with the 1st embodiment, also there is ' phase shift ' power-factor angle β here, and 30 ° of β ≡; So, here with the 1st embodiment in transformer B 3The situation of winding electric power is identical: P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ, P 32=3U YI YCos θ; Because of U V=U Y, I V=√ 3I YSo, P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ=3U YI YCos θ=P 32.
That is to say, when disregarding loss, transformer B 3The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates.
2. at transformer B 4On
With P 41Expression B 4The single-phase winding cz in former limit 1Electrical power, with P 42Expression B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) electrical power; With U DExpression B 4The single-phase winding cz in former limit 1Phase voltage U Cz1, with U VExpression B 4Two phase winding bc of secondary 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) phase voltage U Bc2, U Ac2I DBe B 3The single-phase winding cz in former limit 1Electric current, with I VExpression B 2Two phase winding bc of secondary 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) phase current I Bc2, I Ac2
Transformer B 4Secondary two phase winding bc 2, ac 2(be bx 2, ax 2) electrical power and transformer B 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) the situation of electrical power identical, i.e. P 42=P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ.
P 41=U DI DCos θ; By above-mentioned to B 4' voltage condition ' analyze to know U D=√ 3U V, by above-mentioned to B 4' current conditions ' analyze to know I D=I VSo P 41=U DI DCos θ=√ 3U VI VCos θ=P 42.
At transformer B 3On: P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ=3U YI YCos θ=P 32, at transformer B 4On: P 41=P 42=P 31=P 32.
That is to say, when disregarding loss, transformer B 4The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates, and with transformer B 3The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates.
The 3rd embodiment---the third power transmission and transformation scheme
This power transmission and transformation scheme, with ' three-phase/three-phase '---the supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of ' single-phase/three-phase ' two kinds of transformers; Wherein carry out with mode (doing the loop) single-phase, single line with the earth in the high-pressure side.
Accompanying drawing 16 is circuit diagrams of the third power transmission and transformation scheme, and accompanying drawing 17 is transformer figure of the third power transmission and transformation scheme.
(1) voltage condition
1. at transformer B 1On
In accompanying drawing 16, accompanying drawing 17, just do not draw the transformer B of supplier of electricity 1, and because of here with the transformer B of first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 1Identical.
B 1Be ' three-phase/three-phase ' transformer: its former limit is three phase winding A 1O, B 1O, C 1O, its secondary is three phase winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1(in the 1st embodiment, stating) on three iron core column accordingly.
From transformer B 1Secondary winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1The three-phase alternating current of output divides three directions, divides three road direction electricity consumption ends to transmit electricity, and the voltage of three tunnel transmission of electricity, electric current situation are identical.Only state winding by below 1This road, it exports single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U By1, be that mode (doing the loop with the earth) with single-phase, single line is to transformer B 5Power supply.
2. at transformer B 5On
In accompanying drawing 16, accompanying drawing 17, B 5Be ' single-phase/three-phase ' transformer, it is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts.
' main transformer ': its former limit is single-phase winding by 1On middle stem stem, meet B 1The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U of output By1Its secondary is three phase winding A O, B O, C OOn three iron core column, it can export the three-phase alternating voltage U of symmetry, balance A, U B, U C, this be because: on two limit stem stems, also have additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao, this winding is connected to the two-phase excitation alternating current U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U Ao.
' magnetizing exciter ' that adds: on annular iron core, embed former and deputy limit winding and form, its structure is shown in accompanying drawing 3; In the 1st embodiment, state, so run at this.
B 5' main transformer ' gone up additional two-phase excitation winding co, its wiring of ao shown in accompanying drawing 17.Work as B 5Former limit winding by 1Order cross streams voltage U By1, and additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao meets the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoAfter, just be equivalent to connect the three-phase unsteady flow; In the actual conditions, single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U By1Be high pressure, and the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoBe low pressure,, can accomplish: make the open-circuit excitation magnetic potential symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) of these three windings, so at B though this three-phase voltage is unequal 5Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior BWith Φ C, Φ AThe meeting symmetrical balance; So at B 5Three phase winding A O, B O, C OThe three-phase alternating voltage U that last induction produces A, U B, U CSymmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles).Its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 18.So its three line voltage U AB, U BC, U CAAlso symmetrical balance.
With U DExpression B 5Former limit winding by 1On single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U By1, with U YExpression B 5Secondary three phase winding A O, B O, C OOn three-phase alternating voltage U A, U B, U CBecause of B 5Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior BWith Φ C, Φ ASymmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) is so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ B=Φ C=Φ A, again because of establishing transformer B 5Each umber of turn is identical, so U D=U Y.
(2) current conditions
1. at transformer B 5On
If transformer B 5Threephase load that secondary connects is identical, at B 5Secondary three phase winding A O, B O, C OThree phase voltage U of output symmetrical balance A, U B, U CEffect under, its secondary three phase winding A O, B O, C OLast three load phase current I A, I B, I CSymmetrical balance.Its voltage, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 19.
At this moment, at B 5The single-phase winding by in former limit 1The last inevitable single-phase load electric current I that synchronously produces GWith the balance magnetic potential.
On magnetic potential, secondary current I C, I AWith primary current I GProperty is opposite, with secondary current I BProperty is identical.Drawing I A, I CWith I BMagnetic potential, current phasor figure the time, be with I ' BThe I of (=- B) replace I B, will be with I ' G(=I G) replace I G. its voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 20.
For electric current I ' G, it is at I A, I CAnd I BOn three direction vectors the magnetic potential effect is arranged all, it is decomposed into I ' G1With I ' G2Two equidirectional vectors.To I A, I CMagnetic potential effect on these two direction vectors, it is with component I ' GCos60 ° form is participated in, and its note is made I ' G2Cos60 °; To vector I BMagnetic potential effect on the direction, it is with component I ' GThe form of cos0 is participated in, and its note is made I ' G1Cos0 °.
At transformer B 5In the magnetic circuit that middle stem stem and top stem stem are formed, magnetic potential, current values relational expression are:
I ' G2Cos60 °+I ' G1Cos0 °=I ' B+ I A, I ' wherein G2Cos60 °=I A, I ' G1Cos0 °=I ' B, because of I ' B=I A, their notes are made I YSo, I ' G2=2I A=2I Y, I ' G1=I ' B=I Y, and I ' GBe I ' G2, I ' G1Sum, thus I G=I ' G=I ' G2+ I ' G1=3I Y.
At transformer B 5In the magnetic circuit that middle stem stem and following stem stem are formed, magnetic potential, current values relational expression are:
I ' G2Cos60 °+I ' G1Cos0 °=I ' B+ I C, I ' wherein G2Cos60 °=I C, I ' G1Cos0 °=I ' B, because of I ' B=I C, their notes are made I YSo, I ' G2=2I C=2I Y, I ' G1=I ' B=I Y, and I ' GBe I ' G2, I ' G1Sum, thus I G=I ' G=I ' G2+ I ' G1=3I Y.
2. at transformer B 1On
B 5The single-phase winding by in former limit 1The load current I of input G, be exactly B 1Secondary winding by 1The load current I of output G.
B 1Secondary is except carrying a phase winding by 1Output load current I GOutside, also have two phase winding cz 1, ax 1Output load current; If the load balance that three tunnel transmissions of electricity are connect (promptly equating) is because of B 1The three-phase alternating voltage symmetrical balance of secondary winding output (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) is so also symmetrical balance of the three-phase alternating current of exporting.
(3) winding electric power transmits situation
If transformer B 5The threephase load that secondary connect is identical, and its power factor is cos θ; With P 51Represent the single-phase winding by in former limit 1Electrical power, with P 52Expression secondary three-phase winding A O, B O, C OElectrical power; With U GExpression B 5The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Phase voltage U By1, with U YExpression B 5Three phase winding A of secondary O, B O, C OPhase voltage U A, U B, U CI GBe B 5The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Phase current, with I YExpression B 5Three phase winding A of secondary O, B O, C OPhase current I A, I B, I C
B 5The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Electrical power P 51=U GI GCos θ, B 5Secondary three phase winding A O, B O, C OElectrical power P 52=3U YI YCos θ.
By above-mentioned to B 5' voltage condition ' analyze to know U G=U Y, by above-mentioned to B 5' current conditions ' analyze to know I G=3I YSo P 51=U GI GCos θ=3U YI YCos θ=P 52.
That is to say, when disregarding loss, transformer B 5The electrical power of former and deputy both sides winding equates.
The 4th embodiment---the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme
This power transmission and transformation scheme, with ' three-phase/three-phase '---' the supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of single-phase/two phases ' two kind of transformer; Wherein carry out with mode (doing the loop) single-phase, single line with the earth in the high-pressure side.
Accompanying drawing 21 is circuit diagrams of the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme, and accompanying drawing 22 is transformer figure of the 4th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.
(1) voltage condition
1. at transformer B 1On
In accompanying drawing 21, accompanying drawing 22, just do not draw the transformer B of supplier of electricity 1, and because of here with the transformer B of first kind of power transmission and transformation scheme 1Identical.
B 1Be ' three-phase/three-phase ' transformer: its former limit is three phase winding A 1O, B 1O, C 1O, its secondary is three phase winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1(in the 1st embodiment, stating) on three iron core column accordingly.
From transformer B 1Secondary winding ax 1, by 1, cz 1The three-phase alternating current of output divides three directions, divides three road direction electricity consumption ends to transmit electricity, and the voltage of three tunnel transmission of electricity, electric current situation are identical.Only state winding by below 1This road, it exports single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U By1, be that mode (doing the loop with the earth) with single-phase, single line is to transformer B 6Power supply.
2. at transformer B 6On
In accompanying drawing 21, accompanying drawing 22, B 6Be ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer, it is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts.
' main transformer ': its former limit is single-phase winding by 1On middle stem stem, meet B 1The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U of output By1Its secondary is that two phase winding CA, AB are on two limit stem stems; Phase winding BC during two phase winding CA, AB are equivalent to from Δ meets the three phase winding CA, AB, BC of method, remove on the stem stem forms; It can be exported the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder and press U CA, U AB, this be because: on two limit stem stems, also have additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao, this winding is connected to the two-phase excitation alternating current U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U Ao.
' magnetizing exciter ' that adds: on circular iron core, embed former and deputy limit winding and form, its structure is shown in accompanying drawing 3; In the 1st embodiment, state, so run at this.
B 6' main transformer ' gone up additional two-phase excitation winding co, its wiring of ao shown in accompanying drawing 22.Work as B 6Former limit winding by 1Order cross streams voltage U By1, and additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao meets the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoAfter, just be equivalent to connect three-phase alternating current; In the actual conditions, single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U By1Be high pressure, and the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoBe low pressure,, can accomplish: make the open-circuit excitation magnetic potential symmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) of these three windings, so at B though this three-phase voltage is unequal 6Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior BWith Φ C, Φ AThe meeting symmetrical balance; So at B 6The three-phase alternating voltage U that secondary two phase winding CA, the last induction of AB produce CA, U ABEqual and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder.Its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 23.
Transformer B 6Secondary two phase winding CA, two last phase voltage U of AB CA, U ABBe exactly line voltage; Because of U CA, U ABEqual and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder are again because of the line voltage U BC=U BA+ U AC=-(U CA+ U AB), so transformer B 6Three line voltage U of secondary two phase winding CA, AB output CA, U AB, U BCSymmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles); With regard to three line voltages, be identical with the voltage of phase three-wire three; Can be to identical threephase load normal power supply.
With U DExpression B 6Former limit winding by 1On single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U By1, with U VExpression B 6Secondary two phase winding CA, the last two-phase alternating current of AB are pressed U CA, U ABBecause of B 6Three three-phase magnetic flux Φ that iron core column is interior BWith Φ C, Φ ASymmetrical balance (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) is so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ B=Φ C=Φ A, again because of establishing transformer B 5Each umber of turn is identical, so U D=U V.
(2) current conditions
1. at transformer B 6On
If transformer B 6Secondary two phase winding CA, AB connect, are Δ to connect the threephase load of method identical, shown in accompanying drawing 24.
At B 6Three line voltage U of secondary two phase winding CA, AB output symmetrical balance CA, U AB, U BCEffect under, its secondary is three last phase current I of three load ac, ba, cb that Δ connects method Ac, I Ba, I CbSymmetrical balance,
Because of I C=I Cb-I Ac, I A=I Ac-I Ba, I B=I Ba-I CbSo, three line current I C, I A, I BSymmetrical balance.Its voltage, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 25.
If B 6Secondary is to be three phase winding CA, AB, the BC that Δ shape connects method, and then its phase current, line current and above-mentioned has corresponding relationship:
I C=I BC-I CA, I A=I CA-I AB, I B=I AB-I BC, its three phase current I CA, I AB, I BCAlso can symmetrical balance.
Because of B 6Secondary has only two phase winding CA, AB, no winding BC, phase current I BC=0, so its electric current situation has just become:
I C=-I CA, I A=I CA-I AB, I B=I ABMake the phase current I of winding CA CAWith line current I CEqual and opposite in direction, in the opposite direction, the phase current I of winding AB ABBe exactly line current I B.
Because of B 6Three line current I of secondary C, I A, I BSymmetrical balance, i.e. line current I C, I AEqual and opposite in direction, 120 ° of electric angles of folder; Again because of I C=-I CA, I B=I ABSo winding CA, the last phase current I of AB CA, I ABEqual and opposite in direction, 60 ° of electric angles of folder.
As transformer B 6Secondary winding CA, the last output current phase I of AB CA, I ABAfter, at B 6The single-phase winding by in former limit 1The last inevitable single-phase load electric current I that synchronously produces GWith the balance magnetic potential.Its voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 26.
With in like manner aforementioned, when drawing magnetic potential, current phasor figure, be with I ' GThe I of (=- G) replace I G.
Because of B 6What additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao connect on two limit stem stems is the two-phase excitation alternating current that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed, and its capacity is little, only can supply B 6Required open-circuit excitation electric current can not supply load current; And B 6Former limit winding by on the middle stem stem 1What connect is single-phase alternating current, and its capacity is big, so B 6The required load current in former limit will be confessed by it.
B 6The single-phase winding cz in former limit 1Load current I GThe magnetic potential that is produced is secondary two phase winding CA, AB load current I CA, I ABThe vector sum of the magnetic potential that is produced.Numerically, magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I Bc2Cos30 °+I Ac2Cos30 °=I ' G.
With I VRepresent the secondary electric current I CA, I AB, I GBe primary current, its magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I VCos30 °+I VCos30 °=I ' GCause is I ' numerically G=I GSo, I G=√ 3I V.
2. at transformer B 1On
B 6The single-phase winding by in former limit 1The load current I of input G, be exactly B 1Secondary winding by 1The load current I of output G.
B 1Secondary is except carrying a phase winding by 1Output load current I GOutside, also have two phase winding cz 1, ax 1Output load current; If the load balance that three tunnel transmissions of electricity are connect (promptly equating) is because of B 1The three-phase alternating voltage symmetrical balance of secondary winding output (equal and opposite in direction, mutually press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles) is so also symmetrical balance of the three-phase alternating current of exporting.
(3) winding electric power transmits situation
If transformer B 6The threephase load that secondary connect is identical, and its power factor is cos θ; With P FThe electrical power of expression threephase load is with P 61Represent the single-phase winding by in former limit 1Electrical power, with P 62The electrical power of expression secondary two phase winding CA, AB; With U XThe line voltage of expression threephase load is with U GExpression B 6The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Phase voltage U By1, with U VExpression B 6The phase voltage U of secondary two phase winding CA, AB CA, U ABWith I XThe line current of expression expression threephase load, I GBe B 6The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Phase current, with I VExpression B 6The phase current I of secondary two phase winding CA, AB CA, I AB.
Transformer B in the present embodiment 6: secondary winding CA goes up phase voltage U CAWith phase current I CAPress from both sides 60 ° of electric angles, secondary winding AB goes up phase voltage U ABWith phase current I ABPress from both sides 0 ° of electric angle.Transformer B in the 1st embodiment 3: former limit winding cb 2(be cz 2) last phase voltage U Cb2With phase current I Cb2Press from both sides 60 ° of electric angles, former limit winding ac 2(be ax 2) last phase voltage U Ac2With phase current I Ac2Press from both sides 0 ° of electric angle.That is to say the transformer B in the present embodiment 6Transformer B among secondary two phase winding CA, AB and the 1st embodiment 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2), its electrical power situation is the same, all has ' phase shift ' power-factor angle β, and 30 ° of β ≡.
Transformer B among the 1st embodiment 3Former limit two phase winding cb 2, ac 2(be cz 2, ax 2) electrical power P 31=√ 3U VI VCos θ; With it in like manner, the transformer B in the present embodiment 6The electrical power P of secondary two phase winding CA, AB 62=√ 3U VI VCos θ.
The electrical power P of threephase load F=√ 3U XI XCos θ, B 6The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Electrical power P 61=U GI GCos θ.
Because of numerically, the line voltage U of threephase load XEqual B 6The phase voltage U of secondary two phase winding CA, AB V, the line current I of threephase load XEqual B 6The phase current I of secondary two phase winding CA, AB VBy above-mentioned to B 6' voltage condition ' analyze to know U G=U V, by above-mentioned to B 6' current conditions ' analyze to know I G=√ 3I VSo U GI GCos θ=√ 3U VI VCos θ=√ 3U XI XSo cos θ is P 61=P 62=P F.
That is to say that when disregarding loss, the electrical power of threephase load is exactly transformer B 6The electrical power of secondary two phase winding CA, AB equals transformer B 6The single-phase winding by in former limit 1Electrical power.
The 5th embodiment---the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme
This power transmission and transformation scheme is with ' two phases/two phases '---' single-phase/the supporting defeated change of carrying out two-phase alternating current of two phases ' two kind of transformer; Wherein carry out with mode (doing the loop) single-phase, single line with the earth in the high-pressure side.
Accompanying drawing 27 is circuit diagrams of the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme, and accompanying drawing 28 is each transformer figure of the 5th kind of power transmission and transformation scheme.
(1) voltage condition
1. at transformer B 7On
In accompanying drawing 27, accompanying drawing 28, B 7Be ' two phases/two phases ' transformer: its former limit is two phase winding A O, B O, on the left side is up and down on two iron core column; Its secondary is two phase winding a 1O, b 1O is on the right up and down on two iron core column.
Transformer B 7Former limit two phase winding A O, B OConnect the two-phase alternating current that diphaser is confessed, from transformer B 7Secondary winding a 1O, b 1O, the two-phase alternating current of output is divided both direction, is divided the transmission of electricity of two road direction electricity consumption ends, and the transmission voltage of two-way, electric current situation are identical.Only state winding a below 1This road of o, it exports single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U A1o, be that mode (doing the loop with the earth) with single-phase, single line is to transformer B 8Power supply.
From transformer B 7Former limit two phase winding A O, B OThe two-phase alternating current of input is pressed U Ao, U BoEqual and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder; So at B 7Go up the magnetic flux Φ in the following stem stem A, Φ BSo equal and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder are from B 7Secondary two phase winding a 1O, b 1The two-phase alternating current of o input is pressed U A1o, U B1oEqual and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder.Its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 29.
Because of the magnetic flux Φ in the last lower yoke A, Φ BEqual and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder, and the magnetic flux Φ in the central magnetic yoke C=-(Φ A+ Φ B), so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ C=√ 2 Φ A=√ 2 Φ BMagnetic flux density is consistent everywhere in the transformer if keep, and the cross section of central magnetic yoke should be 2 times of the √ of limit yoke cross section.
2. at transformer B 8On
In accompanying drawing 27, accompanying drawing 28, B 8Be ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer, it is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts.
' main transformer ': its former limit is single-phase winding a 1O on middle stem stem, meet B 8The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U of output A1oIts secondary is two phase winding ax 2, by 2, winding ax 2On the stem stem of superincumbent limit, winding ax 2On the limit stem stem below (for diagram is clear, two phase winding ax in accompanying drawing 28 2, by 2Be drawn on the yoke).B 8Two phase winding ax of secondary 2, by 2, it can be exported equal and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder and two-phase alternating current and press U Ax2, U By2, this be because: on two limit stem stems, also have additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao, this winding is connected to the two-phase excitation alternating current U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U Ao.
' magnetizing exciter ' that adds: on circular iron core, embed former and deputy limit winding and form, its structure is shown in accompanying drawing 30.
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, be linked in the inside be interior iron core N (being added with ' light shading ' in the accompanying drawing 30), ring-type, be linked in the outside be outer iron core W, no air gap existence between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core N is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds the single-phase winding DO in former limit, FO and secondary two phase winding co, its circuit diagram of ao. left side at accompanying drawing 30 in the groove.
2. former limit is single-phase winding, and dividing has major and minor two coils: main coil DO and secondary coil FO press from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core; Order cross streams after the direct order cross streams electricity of main coil DO, secondary coil FO and the capacitors in series.
3. secondary is that two phase windings are two phase coil co, ao, 90 ° of electric angles of folder on iron core; The main coil DO of single-phase winding and two phase coil co, ao all press from both sides 135 ° of electric angles on iron core.
Behind the single-phase winding DO in former limit of additional ' magnetizing exciter ', FO order cross streams electricity, can in its circular iron core, produce rotating magnetic field, so can induction produce in that two phase coil co, the ao of secondary are last: the two-phase alternating current of equal and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder is pressed U Co, U Ao.
B 8' main transformer ' gone up additional two-phase excitation winding co, its wiring of ao shown in accompanying drawing 28.Work as B 8Former limit winding a 1O order cross streams voltage U A1o, and additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao meets the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoAfter, just be equivalent to connect three-phase alternating current; In the actual conditions, single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U A1oBe high pressure, and the two-phase excitation alternating voltage U that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed Co, U AoBe low pressure,, can make the open-circuit excitation magnetic potential of these three windings produce such magnetic flux: the magnetic flux Φ on two limit stem stems though this three-phase voltage is unequal b, Φ aEqual and opposite in direction, the folder 90 ° of electric angles, and with middle stem stem on magnetic flux Φ cAll press from both sides 135 ° of electric angles.Its voltage, magnetic flux vector are shown in accompanying drawing 31.
Because of the magnetic flux Φ on two limit stem stems b, Φ aSo equal and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder are at transformer B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2The two-phase alternating current that last induction produces is pressed U Ax2, U By2, also equal and opposite in direction, the folder 90 ° of electric angles.
Because of the magnetic flux Φ on two limit stem stems b, Φ aEqual and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder, and the magnetic flux Φ in the middle stem stem c=-(Φ b+ Φ a), so on magnetic flux numerical value: Φ c=√ 2 Φ b=√ 2 Φ aSo in the cross section of stem stem should be 2 times of the √ of limit stem stem cross section.
With U DExpression B 8Former limit winding a 1The single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage U of o A1o, with U VExpression B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2Two-phase alternating current press U Ax2, U By2Because of Φ c=√ 2 Φ b=√ 2 Φ a, again because of establishing transformer B 4Each umber of turn is identical, so U D=√ 2U V.
B 8Two phase winding ax of secondary 2, by 2, can be divided into four phase windings: from winding ax 2Center o take out lead-out wire, can be with winding ax 2Be divided into a 2O, x 2O two phase windings; From winding by 2Center o take out lead-out wire, can be with winding by 2Be divided into b 2O, y 2O two phase windings.
B 8The winding of secondary can divide ' V-arrangement ', ' X-shaped ' two types to connect method; ' V-arrangement ' connects method has two kinds of ' series connection ' and ' parallelly connected ' again.
With winding ax 2X 2With winding by 2Y 2Link together, extract lead-in wire out; This three lead-out wire a 2, b 2, x 2(be y 2), the supply power mode of two-phase, three-wire is for ' V-arrangement ' of ' series connection ' connects method, shown in accompanying drawing 32.
With winding a 2O, ox 2A 2, o mutually also, o, x 2Mutually also, one group of a of ' parallel connection ' one-tenth 2O-ox 2With winding b 2O, oy 2B 2, o mutually also, o, y 2Mutually also, one group of b of ' parallel connection ' one-tenth 2O-oy 2This three lead-out wire a 2, b 2, x 2(be y 2), the supply power mode of two-phase, three-wire is for ' V-arrangement ' of ' parallel connection ' connects method, shown in accompanying drawing 33.
' X-shaped ' method of connecing is: with winding ax 2Center o and winding by 2Center o link together, extract lead-in wire out.This five lead-out wire a 2, b 2, x 2, y 2, o, four supply power modes of five lines mutually are for ' X-shaped ' connects method, shown in accompanying drawing 34.
' X-shaped ' meets four phase winding a of method shown in accompanying drawing 34 2O, y 2O, x 2O, b 2Three kinds of different voltages with different are arranged between the o.The vector correlation of its various voltages figure shown in figure 35.
Four phase winding a 2O, y 2O, x 2O, b 2The voltage U that o is last A2o, U Y2o, U X2o, U B2oBe phase voltage, note is made U oCan divide four tunnel power supplies, but four road single-phase loads should be identical as far as possible.
Winding a 2The a of o 2With winding x 2The x of o 2Between, winding b 2The b of o 2With winding y 2The y of o 2Between voltage U Ax2, U By2For closing phase voltage, note is made U HBecause of U Ax2=U A2o+ U Ox2=U A2o-U X2o, U By2=U B2o+ U Oy2=U B2o-U Y2oSo U H=2U o. winding ax 2, by 2Two close phase voltage U Ax2, U By2, can two mutually the mode of four lines supply power to the two-phase alternating current motivation.The two-phase alternating current motivation, its stator winding and single-phase electricity fan mutually roughly the same, but need not the adjunction capacitor.
Winding a 2The a of o 2With winding b 2The b of o 2Between, winding b 2The b of o 2With winding x 2The x of o 2Between, winding x 2The x of o 2With winding y 2The y of o 2Between, winding y 2The y of o 2With winding a 2The a of o 2Between, the voltage U between them Ab2, U Bx2, U Xy2, U Ya2Be line voltage, note is made U XBecause of U Ab2=U A2o+ U Ob2=U A2o-U B2o, U Bx2=U B2o+ U Ox2=U B2o-U X2o, U Xy2=U X2o+ U Oy2=U X2o-U Y2o, U Ya2=U Y2o+ U Oa2=U Y2o-U A2oSo U X=√ 2U o, U X=(1/ √ 2) U H. these four line voltage U Ab2, U Bx2, U Xy2, U Ya2Mode that can four phase four line is supplied power to four cross streams motor.Four cross streams motor, its stator winding are equivalent to the stator winding of two-phase alternating current motivation is divided into four phases, the group with mutually between insulate; Four cross streams motor can have two kinds of different mode of connections of ' cross ' and ' square shape '.
In a word, two phases (four phases) alternating current has certain use value; With regard to use flexibly, with regard to the diversity, no less than three-phase alternating current.
(2) current conditions
1. at transformer B 8On
Only with B 8Two phase winding ax of secondary 2, by output two-phase alternating current press U Ax2, U By2Explain.
If transformer B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, two phase loads that by connect are identical, because of B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by output two-phase alternating current press U Ax2, U By2So equal and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder are B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by output two-phase alternating current I Ax2, I By2Also equal and opposite in direction, the folder 90 ° of electric angles.
As transformer B 8Secondary winding ax 2, the last output current phase I of by Ax2, I By2After, at B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1The last inevitable single-phase load electric current I that synchronously produces of o A1With the balance magnetic potential.Its voltage, magnetic potential, current phasor are shown in accompanying drawing 36.
With in like manner aforementioned, when drawing magnetic potential, current phasor figure, be with I ' A1The I of (=- A1) replace I A1.
Because of B 8What additional two-phase excitation winding co, ao connect on two limit stem stems is the two-phase excitation alternating current that ' magnetizing exciter ' confessed, and its capacity is little, only can supply B 8Required open-circuit excitation electric current can not supply load current; And B 8Former limit winding a on the middle stem stem 1What o connect is single-phase alternating current, and its capacity is big, so B 8The required load current in former limit will be confessed by it.
B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1O load current I A1The magnetic potential that is produced is secondary two phase winding ax 2, by load current I Ax2, I By2The vector sum of the magnetic potential that is produced.Numerically, magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I Bc2Cos45 °+I Ac2Cos45 °=I ' A1.
With I VRepresent the secondary electric current I Ax2, I By2, with I GRepresent primary current I A1, its magnetic potential, current relation formula are: I VCos45 °+I VCos45 °=I ' GCause is I ' numerically G=I GSo, I G=√ 2I V.
2. at transformer B 7On
B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1The load current I of o input A1, be exactly B 7Secondary winding a 1The load current I of o output A1.
B 7Secondary is except carrying a phase winding a 1O output load current I A1Outside, also have a phase winding b 1The o output load current; If the load balance that the two-way transmission of electricity is connect (promptly equating) is because of B 7The two-phase alternating current of secondary winding output is pressed equal and opposite in direction, 90 ° of electric angles of folder, thus the two-phase alternating current of output also equal and opposite in direction, press from both sides 90 ° of electric angles.
(3) winding electric power transmits situation
If transformer B 8Two phase loads that secondary connect are identical, and its power factor is cos θ; With P 81Represent the single-phase winding a in former limit 1The electrical power of o is with P 82Expression secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2Electrical power; With U GExpression B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1The phase voltage U of o A1o, with U VExpression B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2Phase voltage U Ax2, U By2With I GExpression B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1The phase current I of o A1, with I VExpression B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2Phase current I Ax2, I By2.
B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1The o electrical power P 81=U GI GCos θ, B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2Electrical power P 82=2U VI VCos θ.
By above-mentioned to B 8' voltage condition ' analyze to know U G=√ 2U V, by above-mentioned to B 8' current conditions ' analyze to know I G=√ 2I VBecause of U GI GCos θ=√ 2U V√ 2I VCos θ=2U V2I VSo cos θ is P 81=P 82.
When disregarding loss, B 8Secondary two phase winding ax 2, by 2Electrical power, equal transformer B 8The single-phase winding a in former limit 1The electrical power of o.

Claims (5)

1. one kind can change AC transformer and the power transmission/transform method thereof that the number of phases can change voltage again, and its transformer is on iron core, to put former and deputy limit winding to form, and utilizes transformer to carry out the conveying of alternating current with high voltage, low current, it is characterized in that:
---' single-phase/two phases '---' supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of two phases/three-phase ' three kind of transformer with ' three-phase/three-phase ';
Wherein ' three-phase/three-phase ' transformer divides three directions, divides the transmission of electricity of three road direction electricity consumption ends; With regard to wherein a road with regard to, the mode of doing the loop with single-phase single line, with the earth is transmitted electricity;
Wherein the structure of ' two phases/three-phase ' transformer is:
Its three iron core column cross-sectional areas are identical; Former limit is two phase windings, on two limit stem stems, the phase winding during this two phase winding is equivalent to from Δ connects three phase windings of method, remove on the stem stem forms; Secondary is three phase windings, on three iron core column;
Wherein ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts;
(1) additional ' magnetizing exciter ' structure is:
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, as the to be linked in the inside interior iron core that is; Ring-type, be linked in the outside for outer iron core; No air gap exists between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase windings in the groove;
2. former limit is single-phase winding, is divided into major and minor two coils: major and minor coil presss from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core, on secondary coil, be in series with capacitor, and major and minor coil is three-way V and connects method;
3. secondary is two phase windings, is two phase coils; The main coil of the single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase coils press from both sides 120 ° of electric angles mutually on iron core;
(2) structure of ' main transformer ' is:
1. ' main transformer ' three iron core column cross-sectional areas are identical; Former limit is single-phase winding, on middle stem stem; Secondary is two phase windings, on two limit stem stems, the phase winding during this two phase winding is equivalent to from Δ connects three phase windings of method, remove on the stem stem forms;
2. also have additional two-phase excitation winding on two limit stem stems, this two-phase excitation winding is three-way V and connects method.
2. can change AC transformer and the power transmission/transform method thereof that the number of phases can change voltage again according to claim one is described, it is characterized in that:
Wherein ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts;
(1) additional ' magnetizing exciter ' structure is:
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, as the to be linked in the inside interior iron core that is; Ring-type, be linked in the outside for outer iron core; No air gap exists between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase windings in the groove;
2. former limit is single-phase winding, is divided into major and minor two coils: major and minor coil presss from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core, on secondary coil, be in series with capacitor, and major and minor coil is three-way V and connects method;
3. secondary is two phase windings, is two phase coils, 60 ° of electric angles of folder on iron core; The main coil of the single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase coils all press from both sides 150 ° of electric angles on iron core;
(2) structure of ' main transformer ' is:
1. ' main transformer ' has a middle stem stem, two limit stem stems; 3 times of the √ that middle stem stem cross section is a limit stem stem cross section; Former limit is single-phase winding, on middle stem stem; Secondary is two phase windings, on two limit stem stems, the phase winding during this two phase winding is equivalent to from Y connects three phase windings of method, remove on the stem stem forms;
2. also have additional two-phase excitation winding on two limit stem stems, this two-phase excitation winding is three-way V and connects method.
3. can change AC transformer and the power transmission/transform method thereof that the number of phases can change voltage again according to claim one is described, it is characterized in that:
With ' three-phase/three-phase '---the supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of ' single-phase/three-phase ' two kinds of transformers;
' single-phase/three-phase ' transformer is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts, and the structure of ' main transformer ' is:
1. ' main transformer ' three iron core column cross-sectional areas are identical; Former limit is single-phase winding, on middle stem stem; Secondary is three phase windings, on three iron core column;
2. also have additional two-phase excitation winding on two limit stem stems, this two-phase excitation winding is three-way V and connects method.
4. can change AC transformer and the power transmission/transform method thereof that the number of phases can change voltage again according to claim one is described, it is characterized in that:
With ' three-phase/three-phase '---' the supporting defeated change of carrying out three-phase alternating current of single-phase/two phases ' two kind of transformer.
5. can change AC transformer and the power transmission/transform method thereof that the number of phases can change voltage again according to claim one is described, it is characterized in that:
With ' two phases/two phases '---' single-phase/the supporting defeated change of carrying out two-phase alternating current of two phases ' two kind of transformer;
' two phases/two phases wherein ' transformer, divide both direction, divide the transmission of electricity of two road direction electricity consumption ends; With regard to wherein a road with regard to, the mode of doing the loop with single-phase single line, with the earth is transmitted electricity;
' two phases/two phases ' structure of transformer is:
Its four iron core column cross-sectional areas are identical, and last lower yoke is identical with the iron core column cross-sectional area, and the central magnetic yoke cross section is 2 times of the √ of iron core column cross-sectional area; Its former limit is that two phase windings, on the left side are up and down on two iron core column; Its secondary is two phase windings, on the right up and down on two iron core column;
Wherein ' single-phase/two phases ' transformer is combined by ' main transformer ' and additional ' magnetizing exciter ' two parts;
(1) additional ' magnetizing exciter ' structure is:
1. inside and outside two kinds of iron cores are arranged: circular, as the to be linked in the inside interior iron core that is; Ring-type, be linked in the outside for outer iron core; No air gap exists between the inside and outside iron core; Cylindrical side at interior iron core is shaped on line embedding groove, embeds single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase windings in the groove;
2. former limit is single-phase winding, is divided into major and minor two coils: major and minor coil presss from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on iron core, on secondary coil, be in series with capacitor; Major and minor coil is three-way V and connects method, and major and minor coil is three-way V and connects method;
3. secondary is two phase windings, is two phase coils, and pressing from both sides 90 ° of electric angles on the iron core: the main coil of the single-phase winding in former limit and secondary two phase coils all press from both sides 135 ° of electric angles on iron core;
(2) structure of ' main transformer ' is:
1. ' main transformer ' has a middle stem stem, two limit stem stems; 2 times of the √ that middle stem stem cross section is a limit stem stem cross section; Former limit is single-phase winding, on middle stem stem; Secondary is two phase windings, on two limit stem stems, two phase windings of this secondary are three-way V and connect method;
2. two phase windings of secondary can be divided into four phase windings, and this four phase winding is X and connects method;
3. also have additional two-phase excitation winding on two limit stem stems, this two-phase excitation winding is three-way V and connects method.
CN2011100249453A 2011-01-13 2011-01-13 AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof Pending CN102592810A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011100249453A CN102592810A (en) 2011-01-13 2011-01-13 AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011100249453A CN102592810A (en) 2011-01-13 2011-01-13 AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102592810A true CN102592810A (en) 2012-07-18

Family

ID=46481310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2011100249453A Pending CN102592810A (en) 2011-01-13 2011-01-13 AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102592810A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103578716A (en) * 2013-10-18 2014-02-12 东莞市光华实业有限公司 Conjugate high-efficiency transformer for changing three-phase power supply into single-phase power supply
WO2014124090A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 Stauffer John E Transmission of electric power
US20140226387A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 John E. Stauffer Transmission of electric power
CN106300947A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-01-04 上海电动工具研究所（集团）有限公司 Bank electricity is pressed many level Large Powers variable-frequency power sources
CN113852070A (en) * 2021-09-09 2021-12-28 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Traction and electric power hybrid power supply system for alternating current electrified rail transit engineering

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014124090A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 Stauffer John E Transmission of electric power
US20140226387A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 John E. Stauffer Transmission of electric power
CN103578716A (en) * 2013-10-18 2014-02-12 东莞市光华实业有限公司 Conjugate high-efficiency transformer for changing three-phase power supply into single-phase power supply
CN103578716B (en) * 2013-10-18 2016-03-02 东莞市光华实业有限公司 Conjugation-type high-efficiency three-phase becomes single-phase transformer
CN106300947A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-01-04 上海电动工具研究所（集团）有限公司 Bank electricity is pressed many level Large Powers variable-frequency power sources
CN106300947B (en) * 2016-10-18 2019-11-19 上海电动工具研究所（集团）有限公司 Bank electricity presses more level Large Power variable-frequency power sources in
CN113852070A (en) * 2021-09-09 2021-12-28 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Traction and electric power hybrid power supply system for alternating current electrified rail transit engineering
CN113852070B (en) * 2021-09-09 2023-09-22 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Traction and power hybrid power supply system for alternating current electric rail transit engineering

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102592810A (en) AC (alternating current) phase-changing transformer and power transmission method thereof
CN102360857B (en) Integrated network distributing transformer with error compensating mutual inductor
CN106783107B (en) A kind of hybrid distribution transformer decoupling magnetic integration apparatus
US11587719B2 (en) Magnetic integrated hybrid distribution transformer
CN110212671A (en) A kind of super-pressure phase modifier system applied in ultra-high voltage converter station
CN109346301A (en) A kind of balancing transformer and its method of supplying power to based on the type of falling A wiring
CN206497818U (en) Novel magnetic control reactor
CN201219060Y (en) Multi-tap dry-type voltage-regulating transformer
CN102097810B (en) Magnetic valve type magnetically controlled reactor (MCR)
CN201975222U (en) Asymmetrical wiring balanced transformer
CN201765932U (en) Single-phase traction transformer for three-phase VX connection of AT power supply mode
CN2481042Y (en) Double-winding capacitance internal compansation motor
CN109741924B (en) Traction transformer
CN209297901U (en) A kind of tractive transformer
CN102801240A (en) Alternating current motor wave winding and transpositional connection method thereof
CN211957423U (en) Arrangement structure of ultrahigh-voltage high-capacity phase-shifting transformer
CN202142406U (en) Integrated network distribution transformer having error compensation mutual inductor
CN201562576U (en) multi-phase transformer
CN105225805A (en) T wiring balancing transformer
CN1031433C (en) Balanced impedance matching transformer
CN111540594A (en) Ultrahigh-voltage high-capacity phase-shifting transformer and structural arrangement method thereof
CN212136227U (en) Single-oil-tank extra-high voltage autotransformer suitable for extra-high voltage alternating current transformer substation
CN211828432U (en) Split rectifier transformer
CN1243402C (en) Internal compensation method of A.C motor and its winding connection method
CN203733603U (en) Three-phase and two-phase interchange balancing transformer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20120718