CN102570830B - Modular photovoltaic power electronic converter based on coupling inductance - Google Patents

Modular photovoltaic power electronic converter based on coupling inductance Download PDF

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CN102570830B
CN102570830B CN201110436250.6A CN201110436250A CN102570830B CN 102570830 B CN102570830 B CN 102570830B CN 201110436250 A CN201110436250 A CN 201110436250A CN 102570830 B CN102570830 B CN 102570830B
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inductance
voltage
coupling
bridge
coupling inductance
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CN102570830A (en
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蒋赢
刘军
胡鹏
张海燕
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention relates to a modular photovoltaic power electronic converter based on coupling inductance, which comprises a solar-cell panel, a maximum power point tracking circuit, a photovoltaic converter, load and a storage battery. The photovoltaic converter is formed by a direct current/ direct current (DC/DC) phase shifted full bridge and a direct current/ alternating current (DC/AC) inversion bridge. The coupling inductance is introduced to the voltage-multiplying rectification side of a DC/DC phase shifted full bridge circuit. The coupling inductance can not only quickly reduce primary side circulation current through the coupling effect to reduce duty ratio loss accordingly but also ensure the filtering effect of power frequency half-sinusoid voltage modulated by sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and output by the voltage-multiplying rectification side of the DC/DC phase shifted full bridge circuit and can achieve a leading arm zero voltage switch of a phase shifted full bridge circuit. Alternating current electricity is output at the DC/AC grade through the power frequency inversion bridge. The converter is simple in structure, low in cost, high in efficiency, easy to achieve and capable of being used in not only a photovoltaic system but also other new energy systems.

Description

Based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance
Technical field
The present invention relates to converters, that coupling inductance is placed in voltage multiplying rectifier side by one, realize filtering, as switch, the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance reducing the functions such as duty-cycle loss, can be used in modular type photovoltaic system, can also be used in other new forms of energy inversion link.
Background technology
New forms of energy photovoltaic power generation technology is the current deeply concerned new industry with greatly developing.In order to improve as far as possible solar panel efficiency, meet the requirements such as photovoltaic generation product design is flexible, modular type photovoltaic generating system obtains increasing attention, one of development trend becoming photovoltaic power generation technology.
In modular type photovoltaic generating system, every block solar panel is all equipped with photovoltaic converter directly to export the alternating current meeting loading demand, solar panel in described system is incorporated to evacuation system all than being easier to, and can realize plug and play, the design comparison of system is flexible.Because in modular type photovoltaic generating system, the grade of monolithic solar panel output voltage is low, therefore, photovoltaic converter will possess boosting and inversion two functions, and namely the DC/DC level of photovoltaic converter is boosted, DC/AC level output AC electricity.At present, phase whole-bridging circuit applies more DC/DC converter, and its structure is simple, and operating efficiency is high, but it exists the problem of duty-cycle loss.In order to address this problem, existing improving one's methods is, increases the auxiliary circuits such as switching tube, but so structure is with regard to relative complex, the stability of described system declines, and adds the complexity of control method, not only increase cost, and it is very large to implement difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance is provided, duty-cycle loss can be reduced, ensure filter quality, realize the Sofe Switch of DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit, made the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of switching tube by the mode of phase shift, realize advanced arm zero voltage switch.
For solving the problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance, containing solar panel, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, photovoltaic converter containing DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge and DC/AC inverter bridge, load and storage battery, described solar panel possesses energy storage link, charge a battery after MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, again through photovoltaic converter boosting and inversion, final output AC electricity gives load; It is characterized in that, coupling inductance is placed in the voltage multiplying rectifier side of the DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge of photovoltaic converter, and in voltage multiplying rectifier diode branch by two inductance coupling high, coupling coefficient can adjust according to electrical performance demands; The inductance of coupling forms two LC filter circuit with the two capacitive branch of voltage multiplying rectifier thereafter, and electric capacity used also has filter function except doubly compression functions; The prime of described transformer is full-bridge circuit, adopt phase-shift control mode, can be converted to primary side current of transformer by the electric current of coupling inductance, realize the afterflow function of the leading-bridge anti-paralleled diode of prime full-bridge circuit, and then realize zero voltage turn-off, namely coupling inductance realizes Sofe Switch function; During lagging leg afterflow, reduce time of afterflow fast to reduce duty-cycle loss by inductance coupling high in this interval, make coupling inductance reduce duty-cycle loss.
Described DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge adopts voltage doubling rectifing circuit to improve step-up ratio, DC/DC level exports the power frequency sinusoidal half-wave voltage through SPWM modulation, DC/AC inverter bridge only need be carried out upset by power frequency inverter bridge offset of sinusoidal half-wave voltage and be got final product output AC electricity (because DC/AC inverter bridge is operated in power frequency, it controls simple and switching loss is negligible, therefore can improve the efficiency of integral transformation device).
The good effect that the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance is:
(1) by increasing coupling inductance, decrease duty-cycle loss phenomenon, compare with traditional method overcoming duty-cycle loss, need not increase auxiliary circuit, without the need to additional control circuit, decrease circuit complexity, add stability, structure is compacter;
(2) coupling inductance completes filter function, and form two LC filter circuit with voltage multiplying rectifier electric capacity, make coupling inductance and voltage multiplying rectifier electric capacity can complete two or more function, whole converter can save more devices;
(3) adopt phase-shifting control method at prime full-bridge circuit, the no-voltage that coupling inductance can realize leading-bridge switching tube is open-minded, decreases switching loss, improves efficiency;
(4) converter prime DC/DC adopts half-sinusoid modulation, and rear class only need form complete sinusoidal waveform with regard to half-sinusoid upset, and the switching loss of rear class is low, controls simple;
(5) converter is overall only need increase a coupling inductance, and structure is simple, cost is low, efficiency is high, realization is easy, can be applicable in photovoltaic system, also can be applicable in other new energy resources system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter that the present invention is based on coupling inductance;
Accompanying drawing 2 is core structure schematic diagrames of coupling inductance;
Accompanying drawing 3 is magnetic circuit figure of the core structure of coupling inductance;
Accompanying drawing 4 is high-frequency work oscillograms of DC/DC level;
Accompanying drawing 5 is switch mode 1( t 0, t 1) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 6 is switch mode 2( t 1, t 2) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 7 is switch mode 3( t 2, t 3) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 8 is switch mode 4( t 3, t 4) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 9 is switch mode 5( t 4, t 5) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 10 is switch mode 6( t 5, t 6) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 11 is half-sinusoid phase shift modulation schematic diagrames;
Accompanying drawing 12 is DC/AC level power frequency work wave schematic diagrames;
Accompanying drawing 13 is the primary current waveform schematic diagrames before coupling;
Accompanying drawing 14 is the primary current waveform schematic diagrames after coupling.
Label in figure is respectively;
1, solar panel; 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit; 3, photovoltaic converter; 4, DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge; 5, DC/AC inverter bridge; 6, load; 7, storage battery.
Embodiment
Continue below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to introduce the embodiment that the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance, but enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following execution mode.
See accompanying drawing 1.A kind of modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance, containing solar panel 1, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit 2, the photovoltaic converter 3 be made up of DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge 4 and DC/AC inverter bridge 5, load 6 and storage battery 7, described solar cell 1 plate possesses energy storage link, after MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit 2, accumulators 7 charges, boost and inversion through photovoltaic converter 3, final output AC electricity gives load 6 again.Feature structure of the present invention is the part from the 43-53VDC of storage battery 7 to load 6 end 220VAC.In Fig. 1:
v in represent the voltage that solar panel exports through storage battery;
Switching tube s 1-4with q 1-4for perfect switch pipe, wherein d 1-4with c 1-4for s 1-4parasitic diode and electric capacity;
Transformer is ideal transformer, nfor the turn ratio, and v p / v s = i s / i p = n, wherein v p with v s for former secondary voltage, i p with i s for former secondary current;
Inductance l f1 with l f2 be coupling inductance on a magnetic core, v lf1 with v lf2 be respectively l f1 with l f2 upper voltage;
Diode d r1-2 and electric capacity c r1-2 form voltage doubling rectifing circuit, electric capacity c r1-2 upper voltage is v cr1-2 , voltage multiplying rectifier output voltage is v dC , and v dC = v cr1 + v cr2 , and then reach the effect of multiplication of voltage, and c r1 = c r2 , v cr1 = v cr2 = v dC / 2;
Output AC voltage is v o .
Coupling inductance is placed in the voltage multiplying rectifier side of the DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge 4 of photovoltaic converter 3, in voltage multiplying rectifier diode branch by two inductance coupling high, coupling coefficient can adjust according to electrical performance demands; The inductance of coupling forms two LC filter circuit with the two capacitive branch of voltage multiplying rectifier thereafter, and electric capacity used also has filter function except doubly compression functions; The prime of described transformer is full-bridge circuit, adopt phase-shift control mode, can be converted to primary side current of transformer by the electric current of coupling inductance, realize the afterflow function of the leading-bridge anti-paralleled diode of prime full-bridge circuit, and then realize zero voltage turn-off, namely coupling inductance realizes Sofe Switch function; During lagging leg afterflow, reduce time of afterflow fast to reduce duty-cycle loss by inductance coupling high in this interval, make coupling inductance reduce duty-cycle loss.
In enforcement, described DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge 4 adopts voltage doubling rectifing circuit to improve step-up ratio, DC/DC level exports the power frequency sinusoidal half-wave voltage through SPWM modulation, and upset only need be carried out by power frequency inverter bridge offset of sinusoidal half-wave voltage in DC/AC inverter bridge 5 pole can output AC electricity.Because DC/AC inverter bridge 5 is operated in power frequency, it controls simple and switching loss is negligible, and therefore, the whole efficiency of converter can be improved.
The preparation process of the above-mentioned modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance can be (along to introduce accompanying drawing 2-14, to be further introduced the present invention):
Based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance
(1) the coupled arrangement structure of coupling inductance
See the core structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2-coupling inductance, inductance l f1 with l f2 around on two lateral columns of EI magnetic core, , with for the magnetic resistance of two, left and right magnetic post and center pillar, n lf1 with n lf2 for inductance l f1 with l f2 the number of turn, φ lf1 with φ lf2 for inductance l f1 with l f2 the magnetic flux that winding produces, and φ lf1 with φ lf2 be mutually strengthen, see the magnetic circuit figure of the core structure of Fig. 3-coupling inductance, φ lf1 with φ lf2 can be expressed as:
(1);
Coupling inductance voltage v lf1 with v lf2 can be expressed as:
(2)。
Formula (1) is substituted into formula (2), the expression formula of coupling inductance can be obtained:
(3),
Wherein,
(4),
mfor mutual inductance;
By adjusting the air gap of center pillar, namely regulate adjust the size of mutual inductance.
(2) under phase-shift control mode, coupling inductance is arranged the effect of full-bridge switch mode and adjustment (suitable and interpretation principle)
See the high-frequency work oscillogram of Fig. 4-DC/DC level, in figure, v s1-4, gS for switching tube s 1-4drive singal, t= t 5- t 0, tbe half work period, d shift t= t 1- t 0, d shift for half-sinusoid modulation duty cycle.In each cycle, the DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit based on coupling inductance has 6 switch mode, and Fig. 5-10 gives the equivalent circuit diagram of each switch mode, according to the expression formula (3) of coupling inductance, can arrange following operation mode:
1. switch mode 1( t 0, t 1) (see Fig. 5).From t 0arrive t 1, s 1with s 4simultaneously open-minded, primary voltage of transformer is v in , secondary voltage is v in / n. d r1 conducting, secondary inductance l f1 start energy storage, inductive current i lf1 ( t) give c r1 charging, d r2 cut-off, i lf2 ( t)=0, i lf1 ( t)= i s ( t).Coupling inductance l f1 upper voltage v lf1 can be expressed as:
(5)
Cause i lf2 ( t)=0, according to formula (5) primary current i p ( t) can obtain:
(6)
2. switch mode 2( t 1, t 2) (see Fig. 6). t 1moment, s 1turn off, s 4it is still open-minded, i p ( t) pass through d 3with c 3carry out afterflow, due to c 3capacitance is less, and electric discharge is very fast, and finally this mode is passed through d 3afterflow, therefore t 1arrive t 2period is open-minded s 3, can realize s 3no-voltage open-minded.Due to d 3conducting, primary voltage of transformer by clamped be zero, and then secondary voltage is zero.Inductive current i lf1 ( t) afterflow, d r1 conducting, i lf1 ( t) give c r1 energising, d r2 cut-off, i lf2 ( t)=0.Coupling inductance l f1 upper voltage v lf1 and primary current i p ( t) can be expressed as:
(7);
(8)。
3. switch mode 3( t 2, t 3) (see Fig. 7). t 2moment, s 4turn off, primary current i p ( t) by switching tube s 2anti-paralleled diode d 2, and s 3anti-paralleled diode d 3form closed-loop path.Therefore, no matter whether open-minded in this period s 2, electric current warp s 2with s 3anti-paralleled diode reverse flow form closed-loop path through power supply, so the output current of power supply cannot pass through s 2with s 3to load forward transferring energy, cause duty-cycle loss.Because of primary current by diode reverse flow through power supply, so original edge voltage be- v in , secondary voltage is- v in / n, d r1 cause i lf1 ( t) afterflow conducting, d r2 the conducting because of the upset of transformer secondary polarity of voltage.Coupling inductance l f1 with l f2 upper voltage and current, and primary current i p ( t) can be expressed as:
(9);
(10);
(11);
(12)。
4. switch mode 4( t 3, t 4) (see Fig. 8). t 3moment, i lf1 ( t)= i lf2 ( t), i p ( t) drop to zero, i lf1 ( t) and i lf2 ( t) continue afterflow give c r1 with c r2 charging, and v lf1 + v lf2 = v cr1 + v cr2 = v dC .Coupling inductance voltage and current can be expressed as:
(13);
(14)。
5. switch mode 5( t 4, t 5) (see Fig. 9).From t 4moment rises, i lf1 ( t) and i lf2 ( t) dropping to zero, inductive energy storage release is complete.
6. switch mode 6( t 5, t 6) (see Figure 10).From t 5in the moment, in second cycle, the work of switch mode 6 is similar to the analysis of switch mode 1.
(3) inverter bridge control mode
The high-frequency work oscillogram of the DC/DC level shown in Fig. 4 only gives the work wave in some phase shift intervals.Half-sinusoid is exported, duty ratio for making voltage multiplying rectifier side d shift modulate according to half-sinusoid rule, namely made by the mode of phase shift s 1with s 4and s 2with s 3coincidence interval according to the change of half-sinusoid rule, see shown in Figure 11-half-sinusoid phase shift modulation schematic diagram.Finally, d shift through half-sinusoid SPWM phase shift modulation, make two capacitance voltages of voltage multiplying rectifier side v cr1 with v cr2 for half-sinusoid, because v dC = v cr1 + v cr2 , then v dC for half-sinusoid multiplication of voltage.
The power frequency half-wave sinusoidal voltage that DC/DC level exports v dC through power frequency inverter bridge q 1-4produce alternating current v o , as shown in Figure 12-DC/AC level power frequency work wave schematic diagram, that is:
(15)。
Because inverter bridge is operated in power frequency, and switch at zero crossing, its switching loss is negligible, and its control mode is simple and reliable, controls cost low.
(4) coupling inductance is arranged the effect of converter electric property and adjustment (suitable and interpretation principle)
In conjunction with the analysis of switch mode, the impact of coupling inductance on electric property can be made a concrete analysis of.Inductance l f1 between charge period, power supply to load transfer energy, inductance l f1 upper voltage expression is:
(16)。
This period, what inductance mainly completed is filter function.Due in this period i lf2 ( t)=0, and then mdi lf2 / dt=0, mutual inductance mto inductance l f1 upper current change quantity does not have an impact, and self-induction remains the self-induction before coupling l f1 , namely do not affect filter effect after coupling.
At inductance l f1 between the electric discharge afterflow period, power supply is not to load transfer energy, and by the conversion of transformer primary secondary, the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of former limit leading-bridge switching tube, can realize no-voltage open-minded.
After leading-bridge switch tube zero voltage is opened, inductance l f1 continue electric discharge afterflow, then by the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of lagging leg switching tube, duty-cycle loss phenomenon can be caused, namely lagging leg switching tube is now opened, power supply cannot forward to load transfer, afterflow process must be waited to terminate, and therefore duty-cycle loss directly will cause wave distortion.For reducing the wave distortion that duty-cycle loss causes, lagging leg switching tube should be made to open before, electric current release in its anti-paralleled diode is complete, namely primary current drops to zero, as long as thus guarantee lagging leg switching tube is open-minded, power supply to load transfer energy, completes half-sinusoid modulating action with regard to forward.Reducing the mechanism of duty-cycle loss for analyzing coupling inductance, first providing the primary current expression formula before inductance coupling high:
(17)。
Primary current expression formula after inductance coupling high is:
(18)。
Coupling inductance of the present invention, energy lagging leg switching tube by the introducing of mutual inductance, reduces equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal, thus primary current is declined fast, and then eliminate duty-cycle loss phenomenon, see shown in Figure 13,14 after opening.Known by current expression (5) before contrast equation (4) and coupling, the inductance before coupling l f1 with l f2 after coupling its equivalent inductance become on the right side of formula (5) equation in denominator ( l f1 l f2 m 2)/( l f2 + m) and ( l f1 l f2 m 2)/( l f1 + m).Due to mutual inductance mintroducing, l f1 l f2 m 2diminish, and then equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal reduces, and makes i p ( t) decline fast, thus reduce duty-cycle loss.If be coupled as tightly coupled words between inductance, namely time, equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal can be zero in theory.
To sum up, in enforcement of the present invention, coupling inductance mainly contains three functions: one is the filter effect before keeping coupling; Two is realize leading-bridge Sofe Switch, and namely no-voltage is open-minded; Three is reduce lagging leg duty-cycle loss phenomenon.
And the feature that the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance also can be summarized as:
First, reduce duty-cycle loss, during the former limit circulating current causing duty ratio to disappear in DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit, by the coupling between coupling inductance, the i.e. introducing of mutual inductance, reduces the inductance value during circulation, and abatement causes the circulating current of duty-cycle loss, and then minimizing duty-cycle loss, reduce the output waveform distortion because duty-cycle loss causes.Secondly, ensure filter quality, while eliminating the output waveform distortion caused due to duty-cycle loss, coupling inductance only reduces inductance value during the circulation causing duty ratio to disappear, and still keep the inductance value before being coupled at other operation mode, thus ensure filter effect.Finally, realize the Sofe Switch of DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit, by the mode of phase shift, make the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of switching tube, realize advanced arm zero voltage switch.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance, containing solar panel, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, photovoltaic converter containing DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge and DC/AC inverter bridge, load and storage battery, described solar panel possesses energy storage link, charge a battery after MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, again through photovoltaic converter boosting and inversion, final output AC electricity gives load; Described DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge adopts voltage doubling rectifing circuit to improve step-up ratio, and DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge exports the power frequency sinusoidal half-wave voltage through SPWM modulation, and DC/AC inverter bridge only need be carried out upset by inverter bridge to power frequency sinusoidal half-wave voltage and be got final product output AC electricity; It is characterized in that, coupling inductance is placed in the voltage multiplying rectifier side of the DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge of photovoltaic converter, in voltage multiplying rectifier diode branch by two inductance coupling high, coupling coefficient can adjust according to electrical performance demands; The inductance of coupling forms two LC filter circuit with the two capacitive branch of voltage multiplying rectifier thereafter, and electric capacity used also has filter function except doubly compression functions; The prime of described photovoltaic electric power electronic converter is full-bridge circuit, adopt phase-shift control mode, can convert to converter primary current by the electric current of coupling inductance, realize the afterflow function of the leading-bridge anti-paralleled diode of prime full-bridge circuit, and then it is open-minded to realize no-voltage, namely coupling inductance realizes Sofe Switch function; During lagging leg afterflow, reduce time of afterflow fast to reduce duty-cycle loss by inductance coupling high in this interval, make coupling inductance reduce duty-cycle loss;
Described coupling inductance arranges the effect of converter electric property and is adjusted to:
During induction charging, power supply is to load transfer energy, and this period, what inductance mainly completed is filter function;
Between the inductive discharge afterflow period, power supply is not to load transfer energy, and by the conversion of transformer primary secondary, the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of former limit leading-bridge switching tube, can realize no-voltage open-minded;
After leading-bridge switch tube zero voltage is opened, inductance continues electric discharge afterflow, then by the anti-paralleled diode afterflow of lagging leg switching tube, duty-cycle loss phenomenon can be caused, for reducing the wave distortion that duty-cycle loss causes, lagging leg switching tube should be made to open before, electric current release in its anti-paralleled diode is complete, and namely primary current drops to zero, as long as thus ensure that lagging leg switching tube is open-minded, power supply to load transfer energy, completes half-sinusoid modulating action with regard to forward;
Described coupling inductance can reduce equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal by the introducing of mutual inductance before lagging leg switching tube is opened, thus primary current is declined fast, and then eliminates duty-cycle loss phenomenon; If be coupled as tightly coupled words between inductance, equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal can be zero in theory.
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