CN102420447A - Charging and discharging compound type automatic equalizing circuit for serially-connected battery pack and equalizing method - Google Patents
Charging and discharging compound type automatic equalizing circuit for serially-connected battery pack and equalizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charging and discharging compound type automatic equalizing circuit for a serially-connected battery pack and an equalizing method. The charging and discharging compound type automatic equalizing circuit comprises n battery unit compound type equalizing modules which are set according to the number of battery units in the serially-connected battery pack, and a battery pack equalizing module which consists of a main control module and a high-voltage direct-current/direct-current (DCDC) module, wherein n is more than or equal to 1; the battery unit compound type equalizing modules correspond to a battery pack which consists of k serially connected battery units, wherein k is more than 1; and each battery unit compound type equalizing module consists of a switch matrix, a local control module, a low-voltage DCDC module, k discharging equalizing circuits and a mode control switch. The charging and discharging compound type automatic equalizing circuit for the serially-connected battery pack has the advantages of high reliability, low cost, small volume and light weight, has multiple functions, is easy for large-scale and industrial manufacturing and application, and can be used in the fields of electric automobiles, rail traffics, wind power generation and the like, which require serially-connected battery packs and capacitor sets.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of series battery, particularly, relate to compound automatic equalization circuit of discharging and recharging of a kind of series battery and equalization methods.
Background technology
Electric power storage such as storage battery, super capacitor energy storage device is widely used in each field.Especially, in electric automobile, electrokinetic cell such as lithium ion battery, super capacitor system etc. is regarded as one of its critical component in recent years.To these batteries, capacitance group with series system work; How guaranteeing each battery unit, capacitor cell automatic equalization rapidly and efficiently, is to guarantee its fail safe and reliability, prolong its useful life, reduce its use cost and give full play to a key technology of its usefulness.
At present, to the automatic equalization of series-connected cell, capacitance group, the general automatic balancing method that voltage height or the high battery unit parallel resistance of electric weight are discharged that adopts.Said method can carry out equilibrium to each battery unit synchronously, but this is a kind of energy consumption formula balanced way, has problems such as balanced efficient is low, time for balance is long.For example, to the battery pack of 100Ah, when the battery charge amount SOC of battery unit difference 10%,, mean that then this kind equilibrium will waste the electric weight of battery pack nearly 10% because the equalization discharge mode can only be that target is carried out equilibrium with voltage or the low battery unit of electric weight.As calculating with common euqalizing current 500mA, roughly need 20h, this obviously can not satisfy the time requirement of online equilibrium.In addition; Equalization methods based on the energy transfer of inductance, electric capacity is also arranged; It is a kind of non-energy consumption formula equalization methods; Equalizing circuit is complicated, cost is high, manufacture difficulty is big, reliability waits problems such as raising but exist, and the multistage transmission of energy also will limit the raising of balanced efficient in this equalization methods.
Literature search through to prior art finds that publication number is the Chinese invention patent of CN102208821A, and the day for announcing is 2011.10.05; Denomination of invention is " equalizing system of power brick, equalizing circuit and the balanced method of control power brick "; It discloses following technical scheme: said battery comprises a plurality of modules, and said module further comprises the subclass of a plurality of battery units, said equalizing system comprise at least the one-level equalization stages and with the secondary equalization stages of one-level equalization stages coupling; Wherein, The one-level equalization stages is used for balance module, and the secondary equalization stages is used for the battery unit in the balance module, is primarily characterized in that; Balance module adopts coaxial transformer to utilize power brick electric voltage equalization battery module, further adopts coaxial transformer.Yet there is following weak point in above-mentioned equalizing system: (1) is high to the required precision of coaxial transformer, causes it to make difficulty; (2) can only utilize power brick energy or battery module energy that battery unit is carried out charge balancing, owing to receive the restriction of balance module power or volume, time for balance is long.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists; Compound automatic equalization circuit of discharging and recharging of a kind of series battery and equalization methods are provided; It can overcome that time for balance that prior art exists is long, balanced efficient is low, equalizing system too complicacy and defect of high cost; Realization is to on-line automatic, rapidly and efficiently the equilibrium of battery, capacitance group, and its reliability is high, cost is low, volume is little, in light weight, complete function, be easy to scale, industrialization manufacturing and application.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit, comprising: n the compound balance module of battery unit that is provided with according to battery unit quantity in the series battery, the battery modules balance module of forming by master control module and high pressure DCDC module; Wherein, n >=1, the compound balance module of said battery unit corresponding a battery modules of forming by k series connected battery unit, wherein k＞1; The compound balance module of said battery unit is made up of switch matrix, Local Control Module, low-voltage DC/DC module, a k equalization discharge circuit and mode control switch, and each assembly of inside of the compound balance module of each battery unit and with external module between all have identical annexation; The pole circuitry phase of each battery unit in corresponding with it the respectively independently of each other battery modules of each output of the switch matrix of the compound balance module of said battery unit connects; And the input of said switch matrix is connected with the output circuitry phase of said low-voltage DC/DC module; Said equalization discharge circuit be connected between two adjacent output circuits of said switch matrix with corresponding battery unit parallel connection; The positive input terminal of said low-voltage DC/DC module is connected with the anode circuitry phase of its pairing battery modules; Negative input end is connected with the negative terminal circuitry phase of its pairing battery modules; In the positive-negative input end that said mode control switch is arranged on said low-voltage DC/DC module and the connecting circuit of the positive and negative terminal of its corresponding battery modules, and the positive-negative input end of said low-voltage DC/DC module is connected with the positive-negative output end circuitry phase of said high pressure DCDC module through the equalizing circuit bus; The positive-negative input end of said high pressure DCDC module is connected with the anode of series battery, negative terminal circuitry phase; In the compound balance module of said battery unit, said low-voltage DC/DC module, switch matrix, a k equalization discharge circuit, mode control switch all with said Local Control Module circuitry phase be connected and receive the control of said Local Control Module; Said high pressure DCDC module and said master control module circuitry phase are connected and receive the control of said master control module; Circuitry phase is connected between the Local Control Module of said master control module and the compound balance module of said battery unit.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit; Wherein, In the compound balance module of said battery unit; Any need that said switch matrix is used for the battery modules that it is corresponding carry out charge balancing battery unit positive and negative pole respectively gating be connected to the positive and negative output of said low-voltage DC/DC module, wherein, the gate-controlled switch in the said switch matrix adopts electronic switch or the relay of MOSFET; Said equalization discharge circuit comprises discharge resistance and gate-controlled switch; Said gate-controlled switch adopts electronic switch or the relay of MOSFET; The quantity of said equalization discharge circuit is no less than the quantity of battery unit in the respective battery module, and the battery unit corresponding with it parallel connection.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit; Wherein, Said high pressure DCDC module is the isolated buck-type DC-DC converter, also is provided with at its positive and negative input and output to be used to limit the sense of current, to prevent that electric current is excessive, to prevent overtension, to prevent the device or the circuit of short circuit.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit; Wherein, In the compound balance module of said battery unit; Said low-voltage DC/DC module is the isolated buck-type DC-DC converter, also is provided with at its positive and negative input and output to be used to limit the sense of current, to prevent that electric current is excessive, to prevent overtension, to prevent the device or the circuit of short circuit.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit, wherein, adopt the mode of bus communication to carry out circuit between said master control module and all Local Control Module and be connected.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit; Wherein, Said master control module is to said battery modules balance module diagnosis protection; The functions such as current sample, total voltage sampling, parameter Estimation, high-voltage safety control, heat management, failure diagnosis and system's control power management, CAN communication that also can have the used battery system of the last level controller of batteries management system, and said high pressure DCDC module carried out diagnosis control.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit; Wherein, Said Local Control Module has also in the batteries management system that used battery cell voltage sampling, battery temperature sampling, battery thermal management control, the battery parameter of level controller down estimated, the function of Battery Diagnostic protection, CAN communication, and switch matrix diagnosis and interlocking control, to the diagnosis control function of low-voltage DC/DC module and mode control switch.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit; Wherein, switch matrix, Local Control Module, low-voltage DC/DC module, the equalization discharge circuit in the compound balance module of said battery unit and mode control switch becomes one or independent the setting; Master control module in the said battery modules balance module and high pressure DCDC module become one or independent the setting; Said Local Control Module and master control module become one or independent the setting, or partly or entirely are integrated in the corresponding controllers in the battery management system.
A kind of equalization methods that discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit that adopts above-mentioned series battery of the present invention comprises the steps:
Said master control module is responsible for judging that equilibrium enables condition, balanced mode; Work out balance policy; And be equalization target T with the mean value of balance parameters P, wherein, the integrated value of voltage that said balance parameters P is a battery unit in the series battery or SOC or voltage and SOC;
According to said equalization target T, each Local Control Module need to confirm the battery unit of equalization discharge and the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs in its corresponding battery modules; When the difference of the balance parameters P of battery unit and equalization target T does not satisfy less than set point or the said equilibrium condition that enables, forbid or withdraw from balancing procedure;
Difference counting cell module balance parameters Pm, it is the mean value of the balance parameters P of the battery unit in the corresponding battery modules of the compound balance module of each battery unit;
When the difference between the said battery modules balance parameters Pm during greater than set point; Employing discharges and recharges the pattern 1 of composite balancing; Promptly; Under the control of said master control module and Local Control Module, said mode control switch is broken off, with battery pack power through said high pressure DCDC module and low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of all needs carry out synchronously, automatic series battery energy transfer type charge balancing; Simultaneously, utilize said equalization discharge circuit all to be needed the battery unit of equalization discharge carries out synchronously, automatic equalization discharge;
When the difference between the battery modules balance parameters Pm during less than set point; Employing discharges and recharges the pattern 2 of composite balancing; Promptly; Under the control of said master control module and Local Control Module; Make said high pressure DCDC module be in stopped status; The energy that makes the corresponding mode control switch conducting of the battery unit place battery modules that needs charge balancing, battery modules through each self-corresponding low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to the battery unit of separately the preferential charge balancing of needs carry out synchronously, battery modules energy transfer type charge balancing automatically, simultaneously, utilize said equalization discharge circuit all to be needed the battery unit of equalization discharge carries out synchronously, automatic equalization discharge;
At the equalization discharge fault in particular cases; Adopt mode 3; That is, in pattern 1, forbid equalization discharge, and the series battery energy is carried out charge balancing through said high pressure DCDC module, low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs;
At said high pressure DCDC module failure in particular cases; Employing pattern 4; That is, in pattern 2, forbid equalization discharge, and the battery modules energy is carried out charge balancing through said mode control switch, low-voltage DC/DC and switch matrix to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs;
In said high pressure DCDC module failure, low-voltage DC/DC module fault, switch matrix fault in particular cases, employing pattern 5 promptly only utilizes the equalization discharge circuit that battery unit is carried out equalization discharge.
Above-mentioned series battery discharge and recharge the equilibrium that compound automatic balancing method also can be used for the serial connected super capacitance group.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
1) speed is fast, efficient is high;
Equalizing circuit of the present invention and equalization methods; Adopted the compound active equalization scheme that conductive discharge is balanced and energy transfer charge balancing combines; Overcome long, the balanced inefficient shortcoming of time for balance of existing passive type conductive discharge equalization scheme dexterously; Simultaneously the low excessively shortcoming of balanced efficient of existing active equalization scheme, satisfy the actual demand of using better.
Particularly; For passive type conductive discharge equalization scheme; Its balance policy be battery unit that the voltage in the series battery or electric weight is high energy through conductive discharge up to the consistent equilibrium that realizes series battery of the battery unit that wherein voltage or electric weight are minimum, its balanced efficient is zero.Because equalizing resistance discharge consumed power can produce great amount of heat, too high for fear of temperature, euqalizing current can not be excessive.In the prior art, the euqalizing current of this type equalizing system is generally 100mA～500mA, so time for balance is long.And equalizing circuit of the present invention, the equalization discharge electric current can reach 500mA, and energy transfer type charge balancing electric current can reach 5～10A, and balanced efficient can reach more than 80%.Series battery with 100Ah, battery unit electric weight difference 10% is an example; Utilize equalizing circuit of the present invention and equalization methods; Can utilize the series battery energy to transfer to the synchronous energy transfer type charge balancing that a plurality of battery units carry out big electric current; Battery modules energy also capable of using carries out the synchronous energy transfer type charge balancing of big electric current to a plurality of battery units, can also carry out synchronous equalization discharge to all cells, thereby make time for balance shorten greatly.With respect to the equalization methods that utilizes the passive type conductive discharge, time for balance has shortened 67%, and balanced back series battery electric weight is high by 8.1%.And,, cause in this scheme long, the balanced efficient of energy transfer path low excessively because the series connected battery unit often surpasses 100 in the high-tension series battery for existing energy transfer type equalization scheme based on inductance, electric capacity.For example, when the energy demand of battery unit was shifted through 10 grades, its energy transfer efficiency often just had only about 0.9
10, be 34.9%.If consider the discharge and the charge efficiency of battery unit, then actual efficiency will be lower.
2) high safety, high reliability and high fault tolerance;
Equalizing circuit of the present invention adopts the DCDC module of isolated form, and equalizing circuit, battery unit, battery system are carried out real-time diagnosis.When switch matrix is used for the gating battery unit; Also be used to cut off being connected of battery unit and equalizing circuit; Thereby the high security and the high reliability of equalizing circuit have been guaranteed, fail safe and the integrity problem of having avoided existing energy transfer type equalization methods to exist.Equalization methods provided by the invention has 5 kinds of balanced mode, can under equalizing circuit partial fault situation, still series battery be carried out automatic equalization control, thereby make it have high fault tolerance.
3) the high accuracy of equalization;
Equalizing circuit of the present invention and equalization methods can dynamically be confirmed equalization target, control euqalizing current in real time; The energy of series battery capable of using carry out between battery modules equilibrium, utilize the energy of battery modules to carry out the equilibrium of battery unit; And be aided with controlled discharge sync equalizing; Thereby significantly improve the accuracy of equalization, the useful life of significant prolongation series battery, reduce its use cost.After adopting equalizing circuit of the present invention and equalization methods, the voltage difference of each battery unit can reach 1mV.
4) complete function, integrated level height, modular construction, low cost are prone to industrialization and realize;
Equalizing circuit of the present invention; Adopt modular construction, wherein energy transfer type equalizing circuit has adopted multiplexing high pressure DCDC module, low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to battery unit, but and the repertoire of integrated battery group management system BMS; Can simplify wire harness through bus communication; Significantly reduced cost, be easy to use, had application fields with other system integration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit of series battery of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below will combine accompanying drawing that the technique effect of design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation is described further, to understand the object of the invention, characteristic and effect fully.
As shown in Figure 1; The compound automatic equalization circuit that discharges and recharges of series battery of the present invention comprises: the compound balance module of n (n >=1) individual battery unit that is provided with according to battery unit quantity in the series battery, promptly the compound balance module of battery unit 1 ..., the compound balance module n of battery unit; The battery modules balance module of forming by master control module 21 and high pressure DCDC module 22 2.Wherein, the compound balance module 1～n of battery unit is respectively accordingly by the switch matrix 11～n1 with same structure, Local Control Module 12～n2, low-voltage DC/DC module 13～n3, equalization discharge circuit (141～14k)～(n41～n4j) form with mode control switch 15～n5.Wherein, the corresponding respectively battery modules BM-1 that forms by battery unit of the compound balance module 1～n of battery unit ..., battery modules BM-n.
Each assembly of inside of the compound balance module of each battery unit and with external module between all have identical annexation.As for the compound balance module 1 of battery unit, have among its corresponding battery modules BM_1 k series connected battery unit Cell_11, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k, wherein, k＞1; The output B11 of switch matrix 11, B12 ..., B1k, B1k+1 independently of each other respectively with battery modules BM_1 in each battery unit Cell_11, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k the pole circuitry phase connect, and the input of switch matrix 11 is connected with the output circuitry phase of low-voltage DC/DC module 13.The equalization discharge circuit 14 that k has a same structure is connected between two adjacent outputs of switch matrix 11; As B11 and B12 ..., between B1k and the B1k+1, with corresponding and battery unit Cell_11 respectively, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k parallel connection.The positive input terminal LVlin+ of low-voltage DC/DC module 13 is connected with the anode BM 1+ circuitry phase of its pairing battery modules; Negative input end LV1in-is connected with the negative terminal BM 1-circuitry phase of its pairing battery modules through mode control switch 15, and the positive-negative input end of low-voltage DC/DC module 13 is connected with the positive-negative output end circuitry phase of high pressure DCDC module 22 with BB-through equalizing circuit bus B B+ respectively.The positive-negative input end HVin+ of high pressure DCDC module 22, HVin-are connected with anode BP+, the negative terminal BP-circuitry phase of series battery respectively.Low-voltage DC/DC module 13 in the compound balance module 1 of battery unit, switch matrix 11, a k equalization discharge circuit 14, mode control switch 15 are connected with Local Control Module 12 circuitry phases, and receive the control of Local Control Module 12.High pressure DCDC module 22 and master control module 21 circuitry phases are connected and receive the control of master control module 21; Local Control Module 12 among master control module 21 and the compound balance module 1～n of battery unit ..., circuitry phase connects between the n2.
Switch matrix 11 ..., n1 be respectively applied for the battery modules BM_1 that it is corresponding ..., any need among the BM_n carry out charge balancing battery unit positive and negative pole respectively gating connect and receive the positive and negative output of the low-voltage DC/DC module in the compound balance module of battery unit at each switch matrix place; Wherein, the gate-controlled switch in the switch matrix adopts electronic switch or the relay like MOSFET.
Equalization discharge circuit among the compound balance module 1～n of battery unit (141,142 ..., 14k) ..., (n41, n42 ..., n4j) include discharge resistance and gate-controlled switch; And the quantity of equalization discharge circuit is no less than the quantity of battery unit in the corresponding battery module, and the battery unit corresponding with it (Cell_11, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k) ..., (Cell_n1, Cell_n2 ..., Cell_nj) parallel connection.Wherein, gate-controlled switch adopts electronic switch or the relay like MOSFET.
High pressure DCDC module 22 is the isolated buck-type DC-DC converter, also can be provided with at its positive and negative input and output to be used to limit the sense of current, to prevent that electric current is excessive, to prevent overtension, to prevent the device or the circuit of short circuit etc.
Low-voltage DC/DC module 13 ..., n3 is the isolated buck-type DC-DC converter, also can be provided with at its positive and negative input and output to be used to limit the sense of current, to prevent that electric current is excessive, to prevent overtension, to prevent the device or the circuit of short circuit etc.
Master control module 21 and Local Control Module 12 ..., adopt between the n2 mode of bus communication to carry out circuit to connect.
Master control module 21 also can be diagnosed protection to battery modules balance module 2; And the last level controller BMU of batteries management system BMS carried out current sample, total voltage sampling, parameter Estimation, high-voltage safety control, heat management, failure diagnosis and system's control power management, CAN communication etc. like battery system, and high pressure DCDC module 22 is carried out diagnosis control.
Among the compound balance module 1～n of battery unit, the switch matrix in each module, Local Control Module, low-voltage DC/DC module, equalization discharge circuit and mode control switch can become one, and also can independently be provided with.
Master control module 21 in the battery modules balance module 2 can become one with high pressure DCDC module 22, also can independently be provided with.
The equalization methods that discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit of series battery of the present invention is following: master control module 21 is responsible for judging that equilibrium enables condition, balanced mode; Work out balance policy; And be equalization target T with the mean value of balance parameters P; Wherein, balance parameters P be in the series battery battery unit (Cell_11, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k) ..., (Cell_n1, Cell_n2 ..., Cell_nj) voltage or the integrated value of SOC or voltage and SOC; According to this equalization target T, each Local Control Module 12 ..., n2 respectively its corresponding battery modules BM-1 ..., need to confirm the battery unit of equalization discharge and the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs among the battery modules BM-n; When battery unit (Cell_11, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k) ..., (Cell_n1, Cell_n2 ..., Cell_nj) the difference of balance parameters P and equalization target T when not satisfying less than set point or the equilibrium condition that enables, forbid or withdraw from balancing procedure; Calculate respectively the corresponding battery modules BM-1 of the compound balance module 1～n of each battery unit ..., the battery unit among the battery modules BM-n (Cell_11, Cell_12 ..., Cell_1k) ..., (Cell_n1, Cell_n2 ..., Cell_nj) the mean value of balance parameters P, it is called " battery modules balance parameters Pm "; When the difference between each battery modules balance parameters Pm during greater than set point; Employing discharges and recharges the pattern 1 of composite balancing; Promptly; Master control module 21 and Local Control Module 12 ..., n2 control under; Make mode control switch 15 ..., n5 all breaks off; With battery pack power through high pressure DCDC module 22, low-voltage DC/DC module 13 ..., n3 and switch matrix 11 ..., n1 needs to all that the battery unit of preferential charge balancing carries out synchronously, automatic series battery energy transfer type charge balancing, simultaneously, utilize the equalization discharge circuit (141,142 ..., 14k) ..., (n41, n42 ..., n4j) all are needed the battery unit of equalization discharge carries out synchronously, automatic equalization discharge; When the difference between each battery modules balance parameters Pm during less than set point; Employing discharges and recharges the pattern 2 of composite balancing; Promptly; Master control module 21 and Local Control Module 12 ..., n2 control under; Make high pressure DCDC module 22 be in stopped status, make the corresponding mode control switch 15 of the battery unit place battery modules that needs charge balancing ..., the n5 conducting, with the energy of battery modules through each self-corresponding low-voltage DC/DC module 13 ..., n3 and switch matrix 11 ..., n1 to the battery unit of separately the preferential charge balancing of needs carry out synchronously, battery modules energy transfer type charge balancing automatically; Simultaneously, utilize the equalization discharge circuit (141,142 ..., 14k) ..., (n41, n42 ..., n4j) all are needed the battery unit of equalization discharge carries out synchronously, automatic equalization discharge; As the equalization discharge circuit (141,142 ..., 14k) ..., (n41, n42 ..., n4j) fault etc. in particular cases; Also can be in pattern 1 through forbid equalization discharge adopt with the series battery energy through high pressure DCDC module 22, low-voltage DC/DC module 13 ..., n3 and switch matrix 11 ..., n1 carries out the mode 3 of charge balancing to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs, and high pressure DCDC module 22 faults etc. in particular cases also can be in pattern 2 through forbid equalization discharge adopt with the battery modules energy through mode control switch 15 ..., n5, low-voltage DC/DC module 13 ..., n3 and switch matrix 11 ..., n1 carries out the pattern 4 of charge balancing to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs; High pressure DCDC module 22 faults, low-voltage DC/DC module 13 ..., n3 fault, switch matrix 11 ..., n1 fault etc. in particular cases, also can only utilize the equalization discharge circuit (141,142 ..., 14k) ..., (n41, n42 ..., n4j) battery unit carried out the pattern 5 of equalization discharge.
Simultaneously, above-mentioned series battery discharges and recharges the equilibrium that compound automatic balancing method also can be used for the serial connected super capacitance group.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.The ordinary skill that should be appreciated that this area need not creative work and just can design according to the present invention make many modifications and variation.Therefore, all technical staff in the art all should be in the determined protection range by claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology through the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (10)
1. a series battery discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that, comprising: n the compound balance module of battery unit that is provided with according to battery unit quantity in the series battery, the battery modules balance module of forming by master control module and high pressure DCDC module; Wherein, n >=1, the compound balance module of said battery unit corresponding a battery modules of forming by k series connected battery unit, wherein k＞1; The compound balance module of said battery unit is made up of switch matrix, Local Control Module, low-voltage DC/DC module, a k equalization discharge circuit and mode control switch, and each assembly of inside of the compound balance module of each battery unit and with external module between all have identical annexation; The pole circuitry phase of each battery unit in corresponding with it the respectively independently of each other battery modules of each output of the switch matrix of the compound balance module of said battery unit connects; And the input of said switch matrix is connected with the output circuitry phase of said low-voltage DC/DC module; Said equalization discharge circuit be connected between two adjacent output circuits of said switch matrix with corresponding battery unit parallel connection; The positive input terminal of said low-voltage DC/DC module is connected with the anode circuitry phase of its pairing battery modules; Negative input end is connected with the negative terminal circuitry phase of its pairing battery modules; In the positive-negative input end that said mode control switch is arranged on said low-voltage DC/DC module and the connecting circuit of the positive and negative terminal of its corresponding battery modules, and the positive-negative input end of said low-voltage DC/DC module is connected with the positive-negative output end circuitry phase of said high pressure DCDC module through the equalizing circuit bus; The positive-negative input end of said high pressure DCDC module is connected with anode, the negative terminal circuitry phase of series battery respectively; In the compound balance module of said battery unit, said low-voltage DC/DC module, switch matrix, a k equalization discharge circuit, mode control switch all with said Local Control Module circuitry phase be connected and receive the control of said Local Control Module; Said high pressure DCDC module and said master control module circuitry phase are connected and receive the control of said master control module; Circuitry phase is connected between the Local Control Module of said master control module and the compound balance module of said battery unit.
2. series battery according to claim 1 discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that; In the compound balance module of said battery unit; Any need that said switch matrix is used for the battery modules that it is corresponding carry out charge balancing battery unit positive and negative pole respectively gating be connected to the positive and negative output of said low-voltage DC/DC module, wherein, the gate-controlled switch in the said switch matrix adopts electronic switch or the relay of MOSFET; Said equalization discharge circuit comprises discharge resistance and gate-controlled switch; Said gate-controlled switch adopts electronic switch or the relay of MOSFET; The quantity of said equalization discharge circuit is no less than the quantity of battery unit in the respective battery module, and the battery unit corresponding with it parallel connection.
3. series battery according to claim 1 discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that; Said high pressure DCDC module is the isolated buck-type DC-DC converter, also is provided with at its positive and negative input and output to be used to limit the sense of current, to prevent that electric current is excessive, to prevent overtension, to prevent the device or the circuit of short circuit.
4. series battery according to claim 1 discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that; In the compound balance module of said battery unit; Said low-voltage DC/DC module is the isolated buck-type DC-DC converter, also is provided with at its positive and negative input and output to be used to limit the sense of current, to prevent that electric current is excessive, to prevent overtension, to prevent the device or the circuit of short circuit.
Series battery according to claim 1 discharge and recharge compound automatic equalization circuit, it is characterized in that, adopt the mode of bus communication to carry out circuit between said master control module and all Local Control Module and be connected.
6. series battery according to claim 1 discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that; Said master control module is to said battery modules balance module diagnosis protection; Current sample, total voltage sampling, parameter Estimation, high-voltage safety control, heat management, failure diagnosis and the system's control power management, the CAN communication function that also have the used battery system of the last level controller of batteries management system, and said high pressure DCDC module carried out diagnosis control.
7. series battery according to claim 1 discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that; Said Local Control Module has also in the batteries management system down that used battery cell voltage sampling, battery temperature sampling, battery thermal management control, the battery parameter of level controller estimated, Battery Diagnostic protection, CAN communication function, and switch matrix diagnosis and interlocking control, to the diagnosis control function of low-voltage DC/DC module and mode control switch.
8. series battery according to claim 1 discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit; It is characterized in that the switch matrix in the compound balance module of said battery unit, Local Control Module, low-voltage DC/DC module, equalization discharge circuit and mode control switch becomes one or independent the setting; Master control module in the said battery modules balance module and high pressure DCDC module become one or independent the setting; Said Local Control Module and master control module become one or independent the setting, or partly or entirely are integrated in the corresponding controllers in the battery management system.
9. an equalization methods that discharges and recharges compound automatic equalization circuit that adopts the described series battery of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Said master control module is responsible for judging that equilibrium enables condition, balanced mode; Work out balance policy; And be equalization target T with the mean value of balance parameters P, wherein, the integrated value of voltage that said balance parameters P is a battery unit in the series battery or SOC or voltage and SOC;
According to said equalization target T, each Local Control Module need to confirm the battery unit of equalization discharge and the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs in its corresponding battery modules; When the difference of the balance parameters P of battery unit and equalization target T does not satisfy less than set point or the said equilibrium condition that enables, forbid or withdraw from balancing procedure;
Difference counting cell module balance parameters Pm, it is the mean value of the balance parameters P of the battery unit in the corresponding battery modules of the compound balance module of each battery unit;
When the difference between the said battery modules balance parameters Pm during greater than set point; Employing discharges and recharges the pattern 1 of composite balancing; Promptly; Under the control of said master control module and Local Control Module, said mode control switch is broken off, with battery pack power through said high pressure DCDC module and low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of all needs carry out synchronously, automatic series battery energy transfer type charge balancing; Simultaneously, utilize said equalization discharge circuit all to be needed the battery unit of equalization discharge carries out synchronously, automatic equalization discharge;
When the difference between the battery modules balance parameters Pm during less than set point; Employing discharges and recharges the pattern 2 of composite balancing; Promptly; Under the control of said master control module and Local Control Module; Make said high pressure DCDC module be in stopped status; The energy that makes the corresponding mode control switch conducting of the battery unit place battery modules that needs charge balancing, battery modules through each self-corresponding low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to the battery unit of separately the preferential charge balancing of needs carry out synchronously, battery modules energy transfer type charge balancing automatically, simultaneously, utilize said equalization discharge circuit all to be needed the battery unit of equalization discharge carries out synchronously, automatic equalization discharge;
At the equalization discharge fault in particular cases; Adopt mode 3; That is, in pattern 1, forbid equalization discharge, and the series battery energy is carried out charge balancing through said high pressure DCDC module, low-voltage DC/DC module and switch matrix to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs;
At said high pressure DCDC module failure in particular cases; Employing pattern 4; That is, in pattern 2, forbid equalization discharge, and the battery modules energy is carried out charge balancing through said mode control switch, low-voltage DC/DC and switch matrix to the battery unit of the preferential charge balancing of needs;
In said high pressure DCDC module failure, low-voltage DC/DC module fault, switch matrix fault in particular cases, employing pattern 5 promptly only utilizes the equalization discharge circuit that battery unit is carried out equalization discharge.
10. series battery according to claim 9 discharges and recharges the equilibrium that compound automatic balancing method also can be used for the serial connected super capacitance group.
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