CN102214994A - Input-series and output-series boost converter, voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing control circuit and voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing control method - Google Patents
Input-series and output-series boost converter, voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing control circuit and voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an input-series and output-series boost converter, a voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing control circuit and a voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing control method, and belongs to the technical field of relatively-high-power two-stage photovoltaic grid-connected inverters. A capacitor C (1), an inductor L (1), a power switching tube T (1), a diode D (1) and a capacitor C (3) form a boost converter I; a capacitor C (2), an inductor L (2), a power switching tube T (2), a diode D (2) and a capacitor C (4) form a boost converter II; a central line is arranged between the two boost converters and serves as a shared part; the sum of voltages of the input capacitor C (1) and the input capacitor C (2) of the two boost converters is an input voltage; and the sum of the voltages of the output capacitor C (3) and the output capacitor C (4) of the two boost converters is an output voltage. In the invention, input-series and output-series double boost converters are provided, the problem of voltage-equalizing and current-equalizing is solved, and the stability and reliability of the double boost converters are improved. Compared with the conventional boost converter, the input-series and output-series boost converter has the advantages that: a power tube with relatively-low voltage level can be selected; switching loss is low; the boost converter can operate at a relatively higher switching frequency; the volume of a boost inductor is reduced; and the overall frequency of a system can be improved by optimized design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prime booster converter of high-power bipolar system photovoltaic combining inverter, be specifically related to a kind of input series connection output series connection booster converter and all press equalizing control circuit and method.
Background technology
Serious day by day along with environmental pollution, the critical shortage of the energy utilizes generation of electricity by new energy to become a kind of inevitable trend, and the free green energy resource of this cleaning of solar energy also has been subjected to human increasing favor.In solar power system, be electric energy with transform light energy at first by cell panel, by photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter this direct current is converted into high-quality alternating current for household use or that be incorporated into the power networks and be connected to the grid then.Along with the development of Application of Solar Energy technology, the main flow development trend of photovoltaic generating system will be grid-connected photovoltaic power generation undoubtedly.
Bipolar system combining inverter prime booster converter is output as the input of back level inverter, tradition booster converter BOOST as shown in Figure 1, power switch pipe T1 turn-offs the withstand voltage output voltage that equals, for powerful photovoltaic parallel in system, when busbar voltage is higher, the shutoff of prime booster converter power tube is withstand voltage also higher, not only is difficult for choosing, and is difficult for working under high frequency.If reduce switching loss by reducing switching frequency, the volume of boost inductance can increase again relatively.In order to break through the solution of this problem, the present invention proposes the boost converter topology of employing input series connection output series connection, and solved the problem that series connection output series connection booster converter is all pressed current-sharing of importing.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defective of prior art, in powerful photovoltaic parallel in system, the present invention has introduced two BOOST booster converters that input series connection, output are connected, in this converter topology, the shutoff of power tube is withstand voltage only to be half of output voltage, thereby can by withstand voltage nominal value be busbar voltage half choose power switch pipe, and since two boost inductances bear the task of boosting jointly, the volume of inductance can diminish relatively.Simultaneously, the present invention has overcome above-mentioned input again and has connected, exported the problem that the two-way booster converter of the booster converter appearance of series connection can not all be pressed current-sharing, if the booster converter of two-way series connection is operated in uneven pressure condition, withstand voltage half greater than busbar voltage of the shutoff of one road booster converter power switch pipe wherein, if lack and all press the sharing control measure, uneven phenomenon of pressing will continue to increase the weight of, and have only a booster converter to finish the function of boosting inverter at last, will cause aircraft bombing when serious.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of input series connection output series connection booster converter, first capacitor C, first inductance L, the first power switch pipe T, the first diode D, the 3rd capacitor C is formed booster converter one, second capacitor C, second inductance L, the second power switch pipe T, the second diode D, the 4th capacitor C is formed booster converter two, be provided with center line as common sparing between these two booster converters, the input capacitance of two booster converters (first capacitor C, second capacitor C) voltage sum is an input voltage, output capacitance (the 3rd capacitor C, the 4th capacitor C) voltage sum is an output voltage.In the described booster converter one, its first capacitor C is connected with first inductance L, the first inductance L other end is connected with the first power switch pipe T, the first diode D anode respectively, and the first diode D negative electrode is connected with the 3rd capacitor C, and the 3rd capacitor C other end is connected with the 4th capacitor C.In the described step-up transformer two, the other end of the 4th capacitor C is connected with the second diode D anode, and the second diode D negative electrode is connected with the second power switch pipe T, second inductance L respectively, and the second inductance L other end is connected with second capacitor C.Between two input capacitances (first capacitor C, second capacitor C), between two power switch pipes, be connected via described center line between two output capacitances (the 3rd capacitor C, the 4th capacitor C).
A kind ofly realize that described converter all presses the control circuit of current-sharing, comprise Voltage loop part, grading ring part and two parallel electric current loop parts, Voltage loop part, grading ring part, electric current loop part connect successively, Voltage loop part signal input partly is connected with converter by voltage sensor, the electric current loop part partly is connected with converter by current sensor, and the signal input part of grading ring part partly is connected with converter by voltage sensor;
Described Voltage loop part is composed in series by summation operation device SUM, pi controller PI, amplitude limiter LIM in turn, and summation operation device input is connected with input voltage reference value, input voltage feedback signal respectively;
Described grading ring comprises that summation operation device SUM, proportional integral arithmetic unit PI, amplitude limiter LIM are composed in series, and summation operation device input joins by voltage sensor and two-way booster converter output capacitance respectively;
The output of Voltage loop, the output of grading ring ask difference operation device SUM to be connected with the 4th respectively, and this asks the set-point of the output of difference operation device as electric current loop one;
The output of Voltage loop, the output of grading ring are connected with the 5th summation operation device SUM respectively, and the output of this summation operation device is as the set-point of electric current loop two;
Described electric current loop partly comprises parallel mutually electric current loop one, electric current loop two, each electric current loop is in turn by asking difference operation device SUM, pi controller PI, amplitude limiter LIM to be composed in series, and this asks difference operation device SUM input to be connected with current sensor ISEN on the corresponding booster converter in addition.
A kind of current-sharing control method of all pressing, on the basis of Voltage loop, sampling two-way booster converter output voltage participates in the control of grading ring road, be output as the input of two electric current loops behind Voltage loop and grading ring and the difference operation, electric current loop has two loops, the inductive current of difference tracking Control two-way booster converter, another of electric current loop is input as the value of feedback of corresponding inductive current, the output conduct of two parallel electric current loops is the modulation wave signal of power switch pipe pulse-width modulation separately, and the time that discharges and recharges of the switch control capacitance of power tube all presses to realize control loop two output voltages.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of control strategy of the present invention is that it has improved the stability and the reliability of two BOOST booster converters of input series connection output series connection, and helps to improve the overall efficiency of system.The booster converter unit of input series connection output series connection, the shutoff of power tube is withstand voltage only be half of output voltage, is half of single booster converter, so can works under higher relatively switching frequency, has also effectively reduced the volume of inductance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional boost converter topology and control loop;
Fig. 2 is input series connection output series connection boost converter topology and all presses the sharing control loop;
Fig. 3 is a control loop block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the equal corrugating of input and output voltage that does not add grading ring;
Fig. 5 is an input and output capacitor voltage equalizing waveform when adopting the system boot of the inventive method;
Fig. 6 is the input and output electric capacity steady-state pressure waveform that adopts the inventive method;
Fig. 7 is the boost inductance current waveform that adopts the inventive method;
Fig. 8 is the current in middle wire waveform that adopts the inventive method;
Fig. 9 is the power tube T1 that adopts the inventive method, the drive waveforms of T2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Input series connection output series connection boost converter topology as shown in Figure 2 reaches all presses the sharing control loop:
VSENO is a voltage sensor, is used for the input voltage Vpv of unscented transformation device;
VSEN1 is a voltage sensor, the output voltage V c3 of the booster converter one that is used to sample;
VSEN2 is a voltage sensor, the output voltage V c4 of the booster converter two that is used to sample;
ISENS1 is a current sensor, the current i 11 of the inductance L 1 of sampling booster converter one;
ISENSE2 is a current sensor, the current i 12 of the inductance L 2 of sampling booster converter two.
The The whole control loop comprises Voltage loop part, grading ring part, two parallel electric current loop parts, Voltage loop part, grading ring part, electric current loop part connect successively, Voltage loop part signal input partly is connected with converter by voltage sensor, the signal input part of grading ring part partly is connected with converter by voltage sensor, the electric current loop part partly is connected with converter by current sensor, and its signal output part is as the pulse width modulated wave of switch transistor T 1, T2.
The transducer of described input series connection output series connection, as shown in Figure 2: capacitor C 1, inductance L 1, power switch pipe T1, diode D1, capacitor C 3 are formed booster converter one, capacitor C 2, inductance L 2, power switch pipe T2, diode D2, capacitor C 4 are formed booster converter two, be provided with center line as common sparing between these two booster converters, DC source Vdc connects with resistance R and simulates the photovoltaic input, the input capacitance C1 of two booster converters, C2 voltage sum are input voltage, and output capacitance C3, C4 voltage sum are output voltage.Center line ON is two parts that booster converter is shared, and ideal operation state current in middle wire is 0.
Described Voltage loop part is composed in series by summation operation device SUM1, pi controller PI1, amplitude limiter LIM1 in turn, and summation operation device SUM1 input is connected with input voltage reference value (given by user oneself), input voltage feedback signal (being the input voltage Vpv that the voltage sensor sampling obtains) respectively.The feedback signal of Voltage loop is the sampled value Vpv of converter input voltage, and output signal is handled via amplitude limiter LIM1 after pi controller PI1 handles output, the maximum and the minimum value of the output of deboost ring.
Described grading ring comprises that summation operation device SUM6, proportional integral arithmetic unit PI4, amplitude limiter LIM4 are composed in series, and summation operation device SUM6 input joins by voltage sensor VSEN1, VSEN2 and two-way booster converter output capacitance respectively.
The output of Voltage loop, the output of grading ring are connected with asking difference operation device SUM4 respectively, ask the set-point of the output of difference operation device SUM4 as electric current loop one; Ask difference operation device SUM4 to be connected, as the current reference set-point of booster converter one boost inductance with asking difference operation device SUM2.The output of Voltage loop, the output of grading ring are connected with summation operation device SUM5 respectively, and the output of summation operation device SUM5 is as the set-point of electric current loop two; Summation operation device SUM5 is connected with asking difference operation device SUM3, as the current reference set-point of booster converter two boost inductances.
Described electric current loop partly comprises two parallel mutually electric current loop one, electric current loops two, and both distinguish current i L1, the current i L2 of booster converter two inductance L 2 of corresponding control booster converter one inductance L 1.Electric current loop one with booster converter one is an example, electric current loop one is composed in series by summation operation device SUM2, pi controller PI2, amplitude limiter LIM2 in turn, summation operation device SUM2 input respectively with ask difference operation device SUM4, booster converter on current sensor ISENS1 be connected.The output of asking difference operation device SUM4 as the current i L1 of reference signal, inductance L 1 as feedback signal, it is respectively the input signal of asking difference operation device SUM2, handle via pi controller PI2 again after the calculation process, pi controller PI2 output signal is handled via amplitude limiter LIM2, the maximum and the minimum value of restriction electric current loop one output signal limit the maximum and the minimum value of duty ratio with this.The structure of electric current loop two and work are with electric current loop one.
Described pulse-width modulation part is by two comparator C OMP (1,2) a triangular carrier device VTRI1 forms, amplitude limiter LIM (2) output is connected with comparator C OMP1 "+" input, amplitude limiter LIM3 output is connected with comparator C OMP2 "+" input, triangular carrier device VTRI1 is connected with "-" input of comparator C OMP1, comparator C OMP2 respectively, comparator C OMP1 is connected with switch transistor T 1 in the booster converter one, and comparator C OMP2 is connected with switch transistor T 2 in the booster converter two.That is: the output signal PWM1 of comparator C OMP1 is the pulse-width signal of the switch transistor T 1 in the booster converter one, and the output signal PWM2 of comparator C OMP2 is the pulse-width signal of the switch transistor T 2 in the booster converter two.Thus, the output signal mppd_1 of electric current loop, mppd_2 are modulation wave signal.After cutting respectively at triangular carrier VTRI1 friendship, modulation wave signal obtains pulse-width signal PWM1, the PWM2 of power switch pipe T1, T2.
The present invention adopts the pressure reduction of the pressure reduction of two-way input voltage or two output voltage to participate in the operating state of modulation power pipe.On two closed-loop controls basis, add the Pressure and Control link, as the output voltage V c3 of booster converter one during greater than the output voltage V c4 of booster converter two, increase discharge time or the increase two output capacitance C4 charging intervals of booster converter of booster converter one output capacitance C3, because when power switch pipe T1 opens, booster converter one input capacitance C1 charging, output capacitance C3 discharge; When power switch pipe T2 opens, booster converter two input capacitance C2 charging, output capacitance C4 discharge; Vice versa.So the effect of passing through grading ring changes the size of modulation wave signal, changes the duty ratio size of pulse-width signal PWM1, PWM2 with this, regulates discharging and recharging the time of output input capacitance with this.
Voltage loop and grading ring through and the difference operation device after output be respectively the input of two electric current loops, electric current loop has two loops, the inductive current of difference tracking Control two-way booster converter, the value of feedback that is input as this road inductive current iL1, iL2 of electric current loop, the output conduct of electric current loop is the modulation wave signal of power switch pipe pulse-width modulation separately, the service time of power switch pipe is the charging interval of input capacitance, be the discharge time of output capacitance simultaneously, and the turn-off time of power switch pipe is the discharge time of input capacitance, is the charging interval of output capacitance simultaneously.The pulse-width modulation of power switch pipe has been participated on the grading ring road indirectly, thereby participated in the control of the time that discharges and recharges of input capacitance output capacitance, that is: when the voltage of input capacitance C1 during greater than the voltage of input capacitance C2, increase the turn-off time of power switch pipe T1, when the voltage of output capacitance C3 during greater than the voltage of capacitor C 4, increase the service time of power switch pipe T2, vice versa.When input and output are all pressed, the electric current I of center line
0Be zero, the inductive current equal and opposite in direction of two booster converters.
This method adopts the pressure reduction of two output voltage to participate in the operating state of modulation power pipe, has realized good all pressures effect, and when the pressure difference of sampling two-way input voltage participated in Pressure and Control, effect was the same.
This control method of simulating, verifying, the controlling schemes of employing be as shown in Figure 3:
Direct voltage source Vdc connects with resistance R and simulates photovoltaic panel;
Sampling photovoltaic panel output voltage V
PvThe control of participation Voltage loop;
Current i L1, the iL2 of sampling boost inductance L1, L2 participate in current loop control;
The voltage V of sampling output capacitance C3
C3, the voltage V of output capacitance C4
C4The control of participation grading ring.
Wherein f (D (t), Vc3), (D (t), Vc4) respectively as shown in Equation 1, wherein D1 is that duty ratio, the D2 of power switch pipe T1 are the duty ratio of power switch pipe T2 to f.
(1) control method and design
Voltage controller transfer function G
v(s) be:
G
v(s)＝k
pv+k
iv/s (1)
K in the formula
PvBe proportionality coefficient, k
IvBe integral coefficient.G
v(s) output i
mBe the given peak value of electric current,
Current Control adopts PI controller G
i(s):
G
i(s)＝k
pi+k
ii/s (2)
K in the formula
PiAnd k
IiBe respectively ratio, the integral coefficient of current controller, this point is consistent with traditional loop control method.In order to reach the purpose of Pressure and Control, in the Pressure and Control loop, the difference of two-way booster converter output voltage is participated in the pulse-width modulation of power tube directly, as capacitance voltage C3 during greater than capacitor C 4, reduces the turn-off time of power tube T1, increase the turn-off time of power tube T2, thereby reduce the charging interval of capacitor C 3, increase the charging interval of capacitor C 4, the voltage of capacitor C 3 is fallen after rise, the voltage of capacitor C 4 gos up, and reaches the purpose of all pressing.Otherwise increase the service time of power switch pipe T1, reduce the service time of power switch pipe T2, reach the purpose of all pressing equally.The output signal of Pressure and Control loop and carrier signal drive the two-way power switch pipe respectively after handing over and cutting, and form closed loop.
(2) system parameters design
The relevant parameter of series connection booster converter
| Input voltage | ?350V-700V | Boost inductance | 0.5mH | Switching frequency | 40K |
| Output voltage | 800V | Input capacitance | 30vF | K vf1 | 0.002 |
| Input current | 14A-28A | Output capacitance | 30vF | K vf2 | 0.005 |
(3) operation result
The input and output waveform that does not add grading ring as shown in Figure 4, when uneven pressure situation appears in system, effect is not all pressed in two closed-loop controls, and the situation of input capacitance voltage, the uneven pressure of output capacitance voltage is more and more serious, causes having only at last one road booster converter in work.After adding the Pressure and Control ring, equaling 350V with input voltage is that example has provided simulation result, as shown in Figure 5, at system boot in a flash, though input capacitance, the uneven pressure of output capacitance, but after grading ring participated in control, system constantly was tending towards equal pressure condition, has just reached at short notice well all to press effect.Input capacitance after the system stability work, the equal corrugating of output capacitance are as shown in Figure 6.The series connection booster converter under the operating state that input and output are all pressed, the inductive current waveform of two booster converters as shown in Figure 7, size of current equates that current opposite in direction is because the oscilloscope direction of observation booster converter two is reversal connections among Fig. 7.Input and output all pressure situation intercouple, and press if input voltage is uneven, and the electric current on the center line just can not be 0, current in middle wire be not 0 will cause outlet side up and down the capacitor charge and discharge amount do not wait, cause that output voltage is uneven presses, vice versa.The current in middle wire waveform as shown in Figure 8, the theoretical value when equaling all to press zero.The two-way power switch pipe is a synchronization action in addition, on actual platform, if the power switch pipe of two booster converters is because the difference of performance parameter, cause switch motion inconsistent, to the input capacitance discharge operation, when output capacitance charging action is not synchronous fully, under the regulating action of controller, the voltage of input and output electric capacity is tending towards equal pressure condition, and pressure difference is within controlled range.The PWM drive waveforms of Pressure and Control loop output as shown in Figure 9, the action of the power switch pipe of two-way booster converter is consistent.
Also can the sample voltage of input capacitance C1, C2 of grading ring participates in Pressure and Control, when the voltage of input capacitance C1 voltage greater than input capacitance C2, increase the discharge time of capacitor C 1, reduce the discharge time of C2, two kinds all the pressure mode realize that it is consistent all pressing the thought of current-sharing, can reach same control effect.
Claims (7)
1. the series connection booster converter is exported in an input series connection, it is characterized in that, capacitor C (1), inductance L (1), power switch pipe T (1), diode D (1), capacitor C (3) are formed booster converter one, capacitor C (2), inductance L (2), power switch pipe T (2), diode D (2), capacitor C (4) are formed booster converter two, be provided with center line as common sparing between these two booster converters, the input capacitance C of two booster converters (1), C (2) voltage sum are input voltage, and output capacitance C (3), C (4) voltage sum are output voltage;
In the described booster converter one, its capacitor C (1) is connected with inductance L (1), inductance L (1) other end respectively with power switch pipe T (1), diode D (1) anode connects, diode D (1) negative electrode is connected with capacitor C (3), capacitor C (3) other end is connected with capacitor C (4), in the described step-up transformer two, the other end of capacitor C (4) is connected with diode D (2) anode, diode D (2) negative electrode respectively with power switch pipe T (2), inductance L (2) connects, inductance L (2) other end is connected with capacitor C (2), between two input capacitances, between two power switch pipes, be connected via described center line between two output capacitances.
2. realize that claim 1 converter all presses the control circuit of current-sharing for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise Voltage loop part, grading ring part and two parallel electric current loop parts, Voltage loop part, grading ring part, electric current loop part connect successively, Voltage loop part signal input partly is connected with converter by voltage sensor, the electric current loop part partly is connected with converter by current sensor, and the signal input part of grading ring part partly is connected with converter by voltage sensor;
Described Voltage loop part is composed in series by summation operation device SUM (1), pi controller PI (1), amplitude limiter LIM (1) in turn, and summation operation device input is connected with input voltage reference value, input voltage feedback signal respectively;
Described grading ring comprises that summation operation device SUM (6), proportional integral arithmetic unit PI (4), amplitude limiter LIM (4) are composed in series, and summation operation device input joins by voltage sensor VSEN1, VSEN2 and two-way booster converter output capacitance respectively;
The output of Voltage loop, the output of grading ring are connected with asking difference operation device SUM (4) respectively, and this asks the set-point of the output of difference operation device as electric current loop one;
The output of Voltage loop, the output of grading ring are connected with summation operation device SUM (5) respectively, and the output of this summation operation device is as the set-point of electric current loop two;
Described electric current loop partly comprises parallel mutually electric current loop one, electric current loop two, each electric current loop is in turn by asking difference operation device SUM, pi controller PI, amplitude limiter LIM to be composed in series, this ask difference operation device SUM input in addition with corresponding booster converter on current sensor ISEN connect.
3. control loop as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described voltage sensor is connected in capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4 output voltage both sides or is connected in capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2 input voltage both sides.
4. all press current-sharing control method as claim 2 for one kind, it is characterized in that, on the basis of Voltage loop, sampling two-way booster converter output voltage participates in the control of grading ring road, Voltage loop and grading ring through and difference operation after be output as the input of two electric current loops, electric current loop has two loops, the inductive current of difference tracking Control two-way booster converter, another of electric current loop is input as the value of feedback of corresponding inductive current, the output of two electric current loops is respectively as the modulation wave signal of power switch pipe pulse-width modulation separately, and the time that discharges and recharges of the switch control capacitance of power tube all presses to realize control loop two output capacitances.
5. control method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the voltage system of described sampling two-way output capacitance replaces with the voltage system of sampling two-way input capacitance.
6. control method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, it is given that two-way electric current loop amplitude has been participated on the grading ring road, participate in the pulse-width modulation of power switch pipe by control two-way inductive current, thereby participated in the control of the time that discharges and recharges of input capacitance output capacitance, that is: when the voltage of input capacitance C (1) during greater than the voltage of input capacitance C (2), increase the turn-off time of power switch pipe T (1), when the voltage of output capacitance C (3) during greater than the voltage of capacitor C (4), increase the service time of power switch pipe T (1), vice versa.
7. control method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, when input and output are all pressed, and the electric current I of center line
0Be zero, the inductive current equal and opposite in direction of two booster converters.
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