CN102201676A - Method for controlling voltage output of hybrid H-bridge cascaded inverter - Google Patents
Method for controlling voltage output of hybrid H-bridge cascaded inverter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling voltage output of a hybrid H-bridge cascaded inverter. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) installing an H-bridge inverter of a direct-current voltage source having 3 voltage stages, wherein the voltage stages of three direct-current buses are represented by low voltage V1=V0, middle voltage V2=2V0 and high voltage V3=4V0, and a total output voltage value V on the alternating-current side of the H-bridge inverter 1 is in accordance with the equation V=x*V1+y*V2+z*V3; 2) presetting an ideal sine wave in a synchronization controller in an inverter system; and 3) controlling an on or off state of a power switch in the H-bridge inverter by the synchronization controller by a voltage stage modulation method or a carrier pulse width modulation method so that a total output waveform on the alternating-current side of the H-bridge inverter approximates to the preset ideal sine waveform. By the method, the switching loss can be reduced and the energy conversion efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of voltage output of control inverter, the particularly method of exporting about the voltage of a kind of control mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter (hereinafter all abbreviating " H bridge inverter " as).
Background technology
At present, as shown in Figure 1, inverter system comprises H bridge inverter 1, DC power supply 2, filter 3, net-connected controller 4 and the sampling unit (not shown) that DC (direct current, direct current)-AC (alternating current, alternating current) conversion is used.Wherein, as shown in Figure 2, H bridge inverter 1 comprises the H bridge inverter unit 11 of three series connection, each H bridge inverter unit 11 by a DC power supply (as the V among Fig. 1
1, V
2And V
3), each DC power supply connects H bridge inverter unit 11 by dc bus.H bridge inverter unit 11 comprises power switch Sa1, Sa2, Sa3 and Sa4, and the voltage of the alternating current of H bridge inverter 1 output is three H bridge inverter unit, 11 output AC piezoelectric voltage sums, and this alternating current is transported on the electrical network 5 by filter 3.In the said process, sampling unit is sampled to the alternating current of H bridge inverter 1 output, and the voltage of the alternating current that collects is flowed to net-connected controller 4.Net-connected controller 4 is according to the voltage value of input, on off state to power switch Sa1～4 of H bridge inverter 1 is controlled, make the AC side of H bridge inverter unit 11 can export 1 (positive direct-current busbar voltage) ,-1 (negative DC bus-bar voltage) and three kinds of different voltages of 0 (no-voltage) (as shown in table 1), thus the requirement that the voltage conforms that H bridge inverter 1 AC side is exported is incorporated into the power networks.Above-mentioned requirement of being incorporated into the power networks is meant: H bridge inverter 1 is transported to the approaching desirable sine waveform of the time dependent waveform of alternating current voltage on the electrical network.
Table 1
At present, net-connected controller 4 mainly is to adopt traditional carrier wave pulse-width modulation method (PWM) that the on off state of power switch Sa1～4 of mixing H bridge cascade type DC-to-AC converter is controlled the requirement that the voltage conforms that H bridge inverter 1 AC side is exported is incorporated into the power networks.But this modulation method is not if controlled, and the voltage of H bridge inverter unit 11 outputs can cause the switch number of times of power switch to increase, thereby increase switching loss when conversion, has reduced efficient.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of controlling the voltage output of mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter, it can reduce switching loss, improves energy conversion efficiency.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of method of controlling the voltage output of mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter, and it may further comprise the steps:
1) a H bridge inverter with direct voltage source of 3 electric pressures is set: the electric pressure of three dc buss is respectively low pressure V
1=V
0, middle pressure V
2=2V
0, high pressure V
3=4V
0, then the magnitude of voltage V of the total output of H bridge inverter 1 AC side satisfies equation V=xV
1+ yV
2+ zV
3
2) set in advance an ideal sine wave in the net-connected controller in inverter system;
3) described net-connected controller is controlled the on off state of power switch in the described H bridge inverter by voltage ladder modulation method or carrier wave pulse-width modulation method, and the total output waveform that makes described H bridge inverter AC side is near default ideal sine wave waveform.
In described step 3), described stepped-up voltage modulation method is specially:
According to described step 2) in the amplitude of ideal sine wave and the voltage V of the dc bus of the H bridge inverter unit of low pressure
0, described net-connected controller is controlled the power switch in each described H bridge inverter unit according to following formula, and described formula is:
In described step 3), described carrier wave pulse-width modulation method may further comprise the steps:
1. according to described step 2) in the amplitude of ideal sine wave and the DC bus-bar voltage V of the H bridge inverter of low pressure
0, described net-connected controller is controlled the power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of described medium and high pressure according to following formula, makes the staircase waveform waveform of waveform near sinusoidal ripple of the H bridge inverter unit output of medium and high pressure, and described formula is:
2. described step is obtained theoretical sine wave default in the staircase waveform of near sinusoidal ripple and the described step 1) in 1. and subtract each other, obtain a difference ripple, as modulating wave;
3. according to the modulating wave of described step in 2., choose a carrier wave;
4. the carrier wave that described net-connected controller utilizes described step 3. to obtain generates different PWM ripples to low pressure H bridge inverter unit, with the power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of controlling described low pressure.
Described step 3. in, described modulating wave adopts the sawtooth waveforms carrier mode to choose described carrier wave, and the characteristics of described carrier wave comprise:
A) cycle of described carrier wave is the integral multiple in described modulating wave cycle; B) power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of described medium and high pressure only carries out switch motion two carrier Control between the cycle; C) described carrier wave adopts sawtooth waveforms, and per 180 degree direction upsets once; D) when hour described frequency of modulated wave reduction of described modulating wave change.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention has low pressure V owing at first be provided with one
1=V
0, middle pressure V
2=2V
0, high pressure V
3=4V
0The H bridge inverter of dc bus, then an ideal sine wave is set in advance in the net-connected controller in inverter system, net-connected controller is again by voltage ladder modulation method or carrier wave pulse-width modulation method, power switch in the control H bridge inverter, the total output waveform that makes H bridge inverter AC side is near default ideal sine wave waveform.2, the present invention is because the stepped-up voltage modulation method is amplitude and the low pressure (V according to ideal sine wave
0) the DC bus-bar voltage V of H bridge inverter unit
0Net-connected controller is according to a formula, power switch to each H bridge inverter unit is controlled, thereby can determine that the H bridge inverter exports the moment of different voltages, directly will constitute the staircase voltage of near sinusoidal ripple, therefore when output voltage, reduce the power switch number of times, improved the conversion efficiency of inverter system.3, the present invention is because the stepped-up voltage modulation method is the DC bus-bar voltage V according to the H bridge inverter of the amplitude of ideal sine wave and low pressure
0Net-connected controller is according to a formula, power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of medium and high pressure is controlled, make the staircase waveform waveform of waveform near sinusoidal ripple of the H bridge inverter unit output of medium and high pressure, to be similar to sinusoidal wave staircase waveform again subtracts each other with the theoretical sine wave of presetting, obtain a difference ripple, as modulating wave, choose a carrier wave according to modulating wave then, with the power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of control low pressure, therefore this method has not only reduced the power switch number of times, and has solved the problem of output voltage saltus step under the general case.4, the present invention is because modulating wave adopts the sawtooth waveforms carrier mode to choose carrier wave, and the cycle of carrier wave is an integral multiple of stating the modulating wave cycle, power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of medium and high pressure only carries out switch motion two carrier Control between the cycle, carrier wave adopts sawtooth waveforms, and per 180 degree direction upsets once, when modulating wave change hour, frequency of modulated wave can reduce, therefore not only can be so that phase output waveform and theoretical waveform are identical weekly, harmonic wave concentrates on some characteristic frequency, be easy to harmonic compensation or filtering, and the H bridge inverter unit that can avoid at medium and high pressure when action, total output hopping 2V of H bridge inverter occurs
0Or bigger phenomenon, thereby having improved the reliability of inverter system, in addition, can also increase under the very little situation at the inverter system output harmonic wave, further reduce the switching loss of H bridge inverter.The inventive method mainly is applicable to single phase system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing inverter system
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter in the inverter system of Fig. 1
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of inverter system of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the experimental waveform and the harmonic analysis schematic diagram of ladder voltage modulated method among the present invention
Fig. 5 is a theoretical output waveform in the carrier wave pulse-width modulation method among the present invention, middle and high pressure mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter output waveform and modulating wave oscillogram
Fig. 6 is the modulating wave of mesolow H bridge inverter of the present invention unit and the total output waveform of AC side of inverter system
Fig. 7 is to use the output waveform of the H bridge inverter unit of medium and high pressure behind traditional carrier modulating method and the total output waveform figure of AC side of H bridge inverter
Fig. 8 is the enlarged diagram of modulating wave square frame part among Fig. 6
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
The inventive method be according to " net-connected controller 4 is controlled by the on off state to power switch Sa1～4 of H bridge inverter 1; make AC side output 1 ,-1 and 0 three kinds of different voltages of each H bridge inverter unit 11; thus the operating state of control H bridge inverter 1 " principle, make a greater variety of voltages of H bridge inverter 1 output, thereby the time dependent waveform of voltage of H bridge inverter 1 AC side output meets the requirement of being incorporated into the power networks better near desirable sine waveform.The inventive method may further comprise the steps:
1) as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, the structure of H bridge inverter 1:H bridge inverter 1 that a direct voltage source with 3 electric pressures is set is identical with existing structure, and difference is that the electric pressure of three dc buss 12 is respectively V
1, V
2, V
3, the total voltage value of H bridge inverter 1 AC side output is V, i.e. the needed magnitude of voltage of electrical network, and this magnitude of voltage satisfies equation V=xV
1+ yV
2+ zV
3, and V
1=V
0, V
2=2V
0, V
3=4V
0, promptly low pressure is V
0, middle pressure is 2V
0, high pressure is 4V
0At this moment, the total voltage value V of the AC side of H bridge inverter 1 output can be-7V
0,-6V
0... to 7V
015 magnitudes of voltage.The state variable x of concrete H bridge inverter 1, y, the value of z and the corresponding relation of output voltage are as shown in table 2.
Table 2
2) in net-connected controller 4, set in advance an ideal sine wave.
3) net-connected controller 4 is controlled the on off state of power switch in each H bridge inverter unit 11 by voltage ladder modulation method or carrier wave pulse-width modulation method, and the total output waveform that makes described H bridge inverter AC side is near default ideal sine wave waveform.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, the utilization of stepped-up voltage modulation method be the voltage step characteristic of three direct voltage sources, make the AC side of H bridge inverter 1 always export stack, constitute the staircase voltage of near sinusoidal ripple, its detailed process is as follows:
According to step 2) in the amplitude V of ideal sine wave
Ideal_peakAnd low pressure (V
0) the dc bus 12 voltage V of H bridge inverter unit 11
0, net-connected controller 4 is according to formula (1), the on off state of the power switch of each H bridge inverter unit 11 controlled, thereby can be determined moment of the different voltages of H bridge inverter 1 output, directly will constitute the staircase voltage of near sinusoidal ripple.Formula (1) is as follows:
As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is the experimental waveform and the harmonic analysis of stepped-up voltage modulation method, and Tek wherein represents oscilloscope production company's T ektronix, and when stop represented measured waveform, oscilloscope was in halted state, promptly no longer read in new waveform, prevented the waveform confusion.On the ordinate 4 represented the 4th passage, and the position of 0 voltage is represented in this position.M on the ordinate represents the MATH passage, promptly 4 channel datas is carried out the passage of spectrum analysis.Abscissa corresponding voltage waveform, every lattice are represented 4ms, and for spectrum waveform, every lattice are represented 5kHz.The experimental voltage waveform of the output when top waveform is inverter use stepped-up voltage modulation method, following waveform is to this Harmonic Waves analysis chart.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, the utilization of carrier wave pulse-width modulation method be the middle pressure (2V of H bridge inverter 1
0) and high pressure (4V
0) the waveform of H bridge inverter unit 11 output, to low pressure (V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 output waveforms modulate so that the AC side of H bridge inverter 1 output is more near desirable sine waveform, its concrete steps are as follows:
1. according to step 2) in the amplitude V of ideal sine wave
Ideal_peakAnd low pressure (V
0) the dc bus 12 voltage V of H bridge inverter 1
0, net-connected controller 4 is according to formula (2), and centering is pressed (2V
0) and high pressure (4V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 in the on off state of power switch control, make middle pressure (2V
0) and high pressure (4V
0) the staircase waveform waveform of waveform near sinusoidal ripple of H bridge inverter unit 11 output.Formula (2) is as follows:
2. step is obtained theoretical sine wave default in the staircase waveform of near sinusoidal ripple and the step 1) in 1. and subtract each other, obtain a difference ripple, as modulating wave.As shown in Figure 5, the A among Fig. 5 is a theoretical output waveform figure in the carrier wave pulse-width modulation method, and B is high, a middle pressure mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter output waveform figure in the carrier wave pulse-width modulation method, and C is the oscillogram of modulating wave in the carrier wave pulse-width modulation method.
3. according to the modulating wave of step in 2., choose a carrier wave: above-mentioned steps 3. in, the present invention adopts the sawtooth waveforms carrier mode to choose carrier wave according to the modulating wave that step obtains in 2., its carrier wave of choosing has following characteristics:
A) carrier cycle is the integral multiple in modulating wave cycle; B) press (2V in
0) and high pressure (4V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 in power switch only carry out switch motion between the cycle two carrier Control; C) carrier wave adopts sawtooth waveforms, and per 180 degree direction upsets once; D) when modulating wave change hour, frequency of modulated wave can suitably reduce.
As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is for choosing the oscillogram that carrier method obtains according to above-mentioned, and wherein, existing carrier wave among the D also has modulating wave, and carrier frequency is fast, and frequency of modulated wave is slow, and the waveform of D is identical with C among Fig. 5.
4. net-connected controller 4 utilizes carrier wave that 3. step obtain to low pressure (V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 generate different PWM ripples, to low pressure (V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 in the on off state of power switch control.As shown in Figure 6, the E among Fig. 6 is the oscillogram of the total output of AC side of H bridge inverter 1, and this waveform is near the ideal sine wave waveform.
As shown in table 3, table 3 is output harmonic wave simulation analysis of two kinds of control methods provided by the invention.As can be seen from Table 3, the low-order harmonic of carrier wave pulse-width modulation method is very little, and main harmonic wave concentrates near switching frequency and the integral multiple thereof, can be by filter 3 with the high order harmonic component filtering.
Table 3
| |
1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | THD |
| Stepped-up voltage modulation method (%) | 100 | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 5.5 |
| Carrier wave pulse-width modulation method (%) | 100 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 9.2 |
The Chinese meaning of THD in the table 3 is Total Harmonic Distortion, the expression total harmonic distortion, and this numerical value is more little, approaching more sine wave.
As shown in table 3, table 4 is simulation analysis of two kinds of control methods provided by the invention and common two voltage H bridge inverter efficient.Wherein, output voltage is the 220V power-frequency voltage, and power output is 10kW.Mixed cascading H bridge inverter uses two kinds of modulation strategies as can be seen, all can obtain good delivery efficiency.
Table 4
Above-mentioned oscillogram all is meant the time dependent oscillogram of voltage.
As shown in Figure 7, use traditional carrier modulating method after, G is middle pressure (2V among Fig. 7
0) and high pressure (4V
0) the output waveform of H bridge inverter unit 11, F is the total output waveform figure of the AC side of H bridge inverter 1, from this oscillogram as can be seen: occurred saltus step 2V during output
0Phenomenon.
And the sawtooth waveforms carrier mode in employing the inventive method is chosen carrier wave, and the oscillogram of the total output of the AC side of the H bridge inverter 1 that obtains has following advantage:
Characteristics a) can be so that phase output waveform and theoretical waveform be identical weekly, and harmonic wave concentrates on some characteristic frequency, is easy to harmonic compensation or filtering.Characteristics b) and characteristics c) can avoid at (2V
0) and high pressure (4V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 action the time, total output hopping 2V of H bridge inverter 1 appears
0Or bigger phenomenon, thereby improved the reliability of inverter system.Fig. 8 has provided the enlarged diagram of modulating wave among Fig. 6, and from this partial enlarged drawing as can be seen, carrier wave pulse-width modulation method is at high pressure (4V
0) H bridge inverter unit 11 action the time, 2V can not appear
0The saltus step phenomenon.Characteristics d) can increase under the very little situation at the inverter system output harmonic wave, further reduce the switching loss of H bridge inverter 1.
In the various embodiments described above, the structure of each parts, the position is set and connects and all can change to some extent, on the basis of technical solution of the present invention,, should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention improvement and the equivalents that individual component is carried out.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a voltage output of controlling mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter, it may further comprise the steps:
1) a H bridge inverter with direct voltage source of 3 electric pressures is set: the electric pressure of three dc buss is respectively low pressure V
1=V
0, middle pressure V
2=2V
0, high pressure V
3=4V
0, then the magnitude of voltage V of the total output of H bridge inverter 1 AC side satisfies equation V=xV
1+ yV
2+ zV
3
2) set in advance an ideal sine wave in the net-connected controller in inverter system;
3) described net-connected controller is controlled the on off state of power switch in the described H bridge inverter by voltage ladder modulation method or carrier wave pulse-width modulation method, and the total output waveform that makes described H bridge inverter AC side is near default ideal sine wave waveform.
2. a kind of method of controlling the voltage output of mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), described stepped-up voltage modulation method is specially:
According to described step 2) in the amplitude of ideal sine wave and the voltage V of the dc bus of the H bridge inverter unit of low pressure
0, described net-connected controller is controlled the power switch in each described H bridge inverter unit according to following formula, and described formula is:
3. a kind of method of controlling the voltage output of mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), described carrier wave pulse-width modulation method may further comprise the steps:
1. according to described step 2) in the amplitude of ideal sine wave and the DC bus-bar voltage V of the H bridge inverter of low pressure
0, described net-connected controller is controlled the power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of described medium and high pressure according to following formula, makes the staircase waveform waveform of waveform near sinusoidal ripple of the H bridge inverter unit output of medium and high pressure, and described formula is:
2. described step is obtained theoretical sine wave default in the staircase waveform of near sinusoidal ripple and the described step 1) in 1. and subtract each other, obtain a difference ripple, as modulating wave;
3. according to the modulating wave of described step in 2., choose a carrier wave;
4. the carrier wave that described net-connected controller utilizes described step 3. to obtain generates different PWM ripples to low pressure H bridge inverter unit, with the power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of controlling described low pressure.
4. the method for a kind of voltage output of controlling mixed type H bridge cascaded inverter as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described step 3. in, described modulating wave adopts the sawtooth waveforms carrier mode to choose described carrier wave, and the characteristics of described carrier wave comprise:
A) cycle of described carrier wave is the integral multiple in described modulating wave cycle; B) power switch in the H bridge inverter unit of described medium and high pressure only carries out switch motion two carrier Control between the cycle; C) described carrier wave adopts sawtooth waveforms, and per 180 degree direction upsets once; D) when hour described frequency of modulated wave reduction of described modulating wave change.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102684531A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江大学 | Zero-dead-zone cascade H-bridge type multi-level inverter and control method |
| CN102820797A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-12-12 | 东营爱特机电技术有限责任公司 | Inverter device adopting multi-winding transformer and multi-H-bridge structure and voltage output method thereof |
| CN103856091A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-11 | 电子科技大学 | Mixing cascaded multi-electric-level converter topology and control method based on T type APF |
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| CN101917016A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-12-15 | 北京交通大学 | Energy-saving type cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system |
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2011
- 2011-03-17 CN CN2011100645455A patent/CN102201676A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101917016A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-12-15 | 北京交通大学 | Energy-saving type cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| XIAONAN LU等: "High Efficiency Hybrid Cascaded Inverter for Photovoltaic Generation", 《TENCON 2009-2009 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE》 * |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102684531A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江大学 | Zero-dead-zone cascade H-bridge type multi-level inverter and control method |
| CN102684531B (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2014-07-30 | 浙江大学 | Zero-dead-zone cascade H-bridge type multi-level inverter and control method |
| CN102820797A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-12-12 | 东营爱特机电技术有限责任公司 | Inverter device adopting multi-winding transformer and multi-H-bridge structure and voltage output method thereof |
| CN103856091A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-11 | 电子科技大学 | Mixing cascaded multi-electric-level converter topology and control method based on T type APF |
| CN103856091B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2016-06-08 | 电子科技大学 | Based on mixing cascade Multilevel Inverters topology and the control method of T-shaped APF |
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Application publication date: 20110928 |