CN102109578A - System for monitoring photovoltaic battery pack string - Google Patents
System for monitoring photovoltaic battery pack string Download PDFInfo
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- CN102109578A CN102109578A CN2009102648395A CN200910264839A CN102109578A CN 102109578 A CN102109578 A CN 102109578A CN 2009102648395 A CN2009102648395 A CN 2009102648395A CN 200910264839 A CN200910264839 A CN 200910264839A CN 102109578 A CN102109578 A CN 102109578A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for monitoring a photovoltaic battery pack string and belongs to the field of running and management of a photovoltaic power generation system. In a photovoltaic power station, photovoltaic battery packs are connected in series and then are connected with a header box according to specific conditions, photovoltaic battery pack strings are connected in parallel, and the header box is connected with a grid-connected inverter. When the typical problems of connection, dust accumulation, component obsolescence difference and the like in a photovoltaic battery occur, the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system is influenced, and a monitoring system is needed to be arranged in the header box to monitor the photovoltaic battery pack string. The monitoring system can effectively manage the photovoltaic power station by acquiring photovoltaic pack string parameters, and combining other system parameters of the power station to realize autodiagnosis and effectively identify the problem of the power station. The system comprises a singlechip system, a power supply circuit, a voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, an intelligent communication interface circuit, an electrical meter chip and the like. In the system, a large-scale integrated circuit is used, and the system has a small volume, is low in energy consumption, has high reliability, and realizes the capacity of continuously monitoring the photovoltaic pack string in the life of the photovoltaic power generation system when assembled in the photovoltaic header box.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The present invention relates to the solar energy power generating field, realize the photovoltaic cell component string of forming the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell array in the photo-voltaic power generation station is measured and operational management.
Background technology:
The main composition parts of photovoltaic generating system are photovoltaic battery arrays.In the large-sized photovoltaic grid-connected system, be the line between minimizing battery component and the combining inverter; concrete condition according to electricity generation system effectively makes up assembly; receive header box after 10～15 photovoltaic cell components series connection of general employing; be connected with bus-bar by the fuse in the header box; the photovoltaic cell component connection in series-parallel is become one group; again by switch the output access grid-connected inverter of header box; header box before generally only provides the be connected in parallel path and the safety protection loop of each component string, does not possess monitoring capability.Along with the scale increase of photovoltaic grid-connection power plant, its requirement to reliability, security improves constantly, and must effectively monitor the photovoltaic cell component string running status in the photovoltaic cell arrays.
The present invention serves as the monitoring unit with the photovoltaic cell component string, in header box, establish an intelligent monitor system, voltage, electric current, power, electric degree to each photovoltaic cell component string of inserting header box are effectively measured, monitoring device sees through communication network the other parts in photovoltaic cell component string and the photovoltaic generating system is combined together, constitute the photovoltaic supervisory system, realize the photo-voltaic power generation station computer-aided traffic control, can realize fault isolation by the switch in the intelligent apparatus remote control header box in case of necessity.
The present invention is by power supply, voltage detecting loop, current detection circuit, and single-chip microcomputer, circuit such as communication interface are formed.Adopt serial communication mode,, isolate guaranteeing security mutually by each intelligent parts in the connection connection electricity generation system of light-coupled isolation; The present invention also provides wisdom wireless network communication ability to realize this safe isolation features in addition.
Solar battery array continuous monitoring ability provided by the invention combines with original photovoltaic supervisory system based on combining inverter, the monitoring capability that provides will make the management of photovoltaic generating system more effective, guarantee security, the reliability of whole generating system when improving the photovoltaic generation business efficiency.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides the continuous monitoring ability of photovoltaic cell component string in the photovoltaic generating system, form by hardware system and software two parts.For ease of the access of photovoltaic cell component string signal, it is located in the header box as an intelligent monitoring device; Also can be used as autonomous system installs separately.
Hardware system is made up of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system 7, power supply loop 8, voltage detecting loop 9, current detection circuit 10, watt metering chip (A/D) 11, light-coupled isolation loop 12, communication interface loop 13 and 14, radio communication RF loop and antenna 15.
It is the working power of device with the energy conversion of external ac power source or photovoltaic cell string that the high-frequency isolation power module is selected in the power supply loop for use.
Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is selected the single-chip microcomputer of SoC encapsulation for use, and inner integrated ROM, RAM, UART, PIO, A/D, R/F constituted complete Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system.
The electric resistance partial pressure sampling is adopted in the voltage detecting loop, and difference is input to electric energy computation chip.
Current detection circuit adopts the particular design confluence copper bar as sample resistance, and difference is input to electric energy computation chip.Confluence copper bar is designed to directly insert the fuse holder form, for reducing the use amount of copper material, guaranteeing that the order according to fuse arrangement size and electric current access is designed to various special shapes under the conductive capability prerequisite, be welded with the current sample copper resistance 3.1 of arranging consistent size with fuse on the-bus bus-bar, cooperate electric energy computation chip to use and to select minimum sampling resistor to satisfy accuracy requirement.Also can adopt Hall current sensor to detect electric current, must form Hall current sensor the current sample interface board this moment.
The light-coupled isolation loop realizes being connected with the RS485 interface circuit after the receiving and transmitting signal of UART is isolated, and realizes the electrical isolation of each device.
Electric energy computation chip is realized electric current, voltage, active power, electricity parameter that the photovoltaic cell string produces are measured as analog to digital converter, and its inner electric current input front end has programmable amplifier, guarantees to satisfy the measuring accuracy requirement.
The electric energy computation chip that the present invention adopts is to the parameter of one road battery component string: electric current, voltage, active power, electricity are measured, because prime amplifier is contained in computation chip inside, realize measuring electrical quantity with minimum sample resistance (0.01 ohm), avoid adopting Hall current sensor, improve reliability when reducing cost, electric energy computation chip adopts SPI interface and microcontroller communication, so can be according to header box input circuit flexible configuration.Also can realize the collection of photovoltaic cell component string data, but Acquisition Circuit is complicated, precision is slightly poor with external arithmetic amplifier and analog to digital converter.
The radio communication RF loop and the exterior antenna of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system inside provide the wireless communication networks networking capability.The RF interface is the 2.4G communications protocol that meets zigbee standard IEC 802.15.4, can set up the Mesh network of MANET, also can be used as the child node of pooling network.Wireless communication interface can be selected other IEC standard or national standards for use.
The PIO interface of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system inside drives relay dc circuit breaker ability in the contact control header box is provided.
Software systems realize that by master routine and interrupt handling routine master routine carries out self check to installing itself, and the real time data of gathering is handled, and alert capability is provided; Interrupt handling routine is realized data acquisition, group-net communication function.
The operation real time data that real time data of the present invention and inverter are gathered in photovoltaic plant monitor data center is replenished mutually and is monitored, and perfect photovoltaic plant monitoring capacity is realized the unmanned of photovoltaic plant operation.
● provide photo-voltaic power generation station operational management personnel to understand the technological means of the ruuning situation of current each component string effectively.
● can adjust to optimum condition and following electrical production ability of prediction by monitoring photovoltaic module string operational factor.
● unusual by data comparative analysis identification photovoltaic module string, need to determine the cleaning of glass surface or change defective component string.When environmental pollution seriously causes the photovoltaic module surface very dirty, generating data such as working current that the header box intelligent monitoring device is respectively imported battery strings by intensity of illumination and this header box of data center broadcasting and electric degree then can be judged dirty degree, send early warning signal and in time handle.
● the operate power by component string is gathered the maximum power point deviation that illumination can be determined this assembly, can verify whether the MPPT of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is correct, guarantees the power benefit maximization of operator.
● by add up comparison with inverter output of the output electric degree with each component string, can assist the operation exception of finding inverter.
The present invention be directed to the continuous monitoring scheme of photovoltaic cell component string, be based on the intelligent device of computing machine, can adopt other forms (as PLC, intelligence instrument) to realize, but, still belong to protection category of the present invention without prejudice to basic function of the present invention.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the internal placement illustrated example of header box, can and import number and satisfy flexible design under the security regulations requirement condition according to the header box size, among the figure: the 1st, casing confluxes, the 2nd, fuse, the 3rd, sampling resistor bus-bar of the present invention, the 4th, lightning protection device, the 5th, switch, the 6th, monitoring system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a hardware principle block diagram of realizing photovoltaic module string monitoring system, among the figure: the 7th, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 7.1 be CPU, 7.2 generation is FlashROM, 7.3 be RAM, 7.4 be modulus converter A/D, 7.5 Asynchronous Serial Interface, 7.6 synchronous serial interface UART, 7.7 parallel interface PIO, 7.8 wireless RF transmitting-receiving interface, the 8th, the high frequency electric source current supply circuit, the 9th, the voltage detecting loop, the 10th, current detection circuit, the 11st, electric energy computation chip (A/D), the 12nd, the light-coupled isolation loop, the 13rd, the RS485 interface, the 14th, RS232 communication interface, the 15th, radio communication RF loop and antenna.
Fig. 3 is bus-bar 3 synoptic diagram through particular design, bus-bar is designed to special shape according to order and the conduction power that electric current inserts, branch+bus-bar and-two kinds of bus-bars :+bus-bar one side has the bonding conductor of arranging consistent size with fuse, and-bus-bar one face down bonding connects with fuse and arranges current sampling copper resistance 3.1 bonding conductors of consistent size as current detection circuit.
Fig. 4 adopts the current sample interface board of Hall current sensor 3.2 designs to arrange synoptic diagram, the 3rd, confluence copper bar, the 16th, fuse, the 17th, connection terminal.
Fig. 5 is one of electrical schematic diagram of realizing photovoltaic module string monitoring example, U1 is a high frequency power supply module, U2 is the single-chip microcomputer of SoC encapsulation, gather the photovoltaic module crosstalk gas supplemental characteristic of U10 conversion among Fig. 6 by the SPI interface of single-chip microcomputer inside, the inner PIO interface of single-chip microcomputer is as the electric energy computation chip on the chip selection signal selection SPI interface bus, and U5 is a wireless telecommunications RF interface, and U6, U7, U8 are the light-coupled isolation loops, U4 is the RS485 interface chip, and U3 is the RS232 interface chip.
Fig. 6 be realize photovoltaic module string monitoring example electrical schematic diagram two, R20 and R21 provide the photovoltaic module working voltage to detect, RR is that the current sense resistor on the bus-bar provides the photovoltaic module running current to detect, electric energy computation chip U10 is as analog to digital conversion circuit, parameters such as the electric current of measuring light photovoltaic assembly string, voltage, active power, electricity; Its adopts SPI interface and microcontroller communication, can import the photovoltaic module string quantity of returning according to header box and duplicate flexible configuration.
Fig. 7 is the software main program block diagram, software main program groundwork flow process: power-up initializing, and the log-on data collection receives data center's broadcasting, gathers each photovoltaic module crosstalk gas parameter, and data processing is reported to the police and is handled, and wireless telecommunications are handled.Also have interrupt handling routine to handle sampling interruption and RF communication receiving/transmission line communication processing in addition.
Embodiment:
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the electrical principle illustrated example of case study on implementation, are made up of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, power supply loop, voltage detecting loop, current detection circuit, light-coupled isolation loop, watt metering chip, radio communication RF loop and antenna.
Direct current or the input of other AC power that power supply adopts the photovoltaic module string to provide produce working power by high-frequency switching power supply module U1, use for hardware circuit.
Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system U2 adopts the EM351 of SoC structure, has:
● the ARM Cortex-M3 kernel of CPU32Bit
●ROM128KBFlash
●RAM12KB
● the A/D12 bit pad
● UART asynchronous serial interface
● the R/F excellence with other 2.4GHz coexistence abilities
● the PIO parallel interface
● extremely low stand-by power consumption
EM351 is the core of wisdom photovoltaic module, software memory space and data space and peripheral interface are provided, it is gathered the running status of photovoltaic module string and handles, and finds that in time the photovoltaic module string is unusual, realizes and the supervisory system data information exchange.
The photovoltaic cell component string working voltage that the voltage detecting loop that resistance R 20 and R21 form among Fig. 6 provides, the photovoltaic cell component string running current that the current sense resistor RR loop on the bus-bar provides input electric energy computation chip U10, the battery strings parameter measurement example of realizing can be measured: parameters such as electric current, voltage, power, electric degree; Because it adopts spi bus type interface, can import quantity according to header box photovoltaic cell string and duplicate same circuit, the multichannel flexible configuration.
Photovoltaic module string data after the inner SPI interface realization of single-chip microcomputer U2 is changed U10 is gathered, single-chip microcomputer sees through the electric energy computation chip on the PIO interface selection SPI interface bus.
U5 is that wireless telecommunications RF interface and antenna provide wireless communication capability together, provides the networking realization to be connected with supervisory system.
U6, U7, U8 are the light-coupled isolation loops of UART, and U4 is the RS485 interface chip, by it and photovoltaic plant supervisory system interface.
U3 is the RS232 interface chip, and debugging interface on the spot is provided.
The RF interface that EM351 provides is the 2.4G communications protocol that meets zigbee standard IEC 802.15.4, can set up the wisdom Mesh network of MANET, also can be used as the child node of pooling network.Realize and the communication of photovoltaic plant supervisory system by wireless network, self data of uploading and receive photovoltaic power station monitoring system and the order of real time data are provided.
What Fig. 7 showed is the software main program block diagram, software main program groundwork flow process: power-up initializing, and the log-on data collection receives data center's broadcasting, gathers each photovoltaic module crosstalk gas supplemental characteristic, and data processing is reported to the police and is handled, wireless telecommunications processing etc.
Also have interrupt handling routine to handle sampling interruption and RF communication receiving/transmission line communication processing in addition.
By the processing to image data, software can be realized a lot of functions:
● provide photo-voltaic power generation station operational management personnel to understand the technological means of the ruuning situation of current each component string effectively.
● can adjust to optimum condition and following electrical production ability of prediction by monitoring photovoltaic module string operational factor.
● unusual by data comparative analysis identification photovoltaic module string, need to determine the cleaning of glass surface or change defective component string.When environmental pollution seriously causes the photovoltaic module surface very dirty, generating data such as working current that the header box intelligent monitoring device is respectively imported battery strings by intensity of illumination and this header box of data center broadcasting and electric degree then can be judged dirty degree, send early warning signal and in time handle.
● the operate power by component string is gathered the maximum power point deviation that illumination can be determined this assembly, can verify whether the MPPT of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is correct, guarantees the power benefit maximization of operator.
● by add up comparison with inverter output of the output electric degree with each component string, can assist the operation exception of finding inverter.
Claims (10)
1. the invention provides the photovoltaic cell component string of forming photovoltaic array in the photo-voltaic power generation station and measure and the operational management ability, comprising: the intelligent monitor system that the communication interface that at least one power supply, at least one Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, at least one battery strings voltage and current detection circuit and electrical energy parameter measurement loop, photoelectricity are isolated, wisdom radio network interface constitute.
2. for the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system in claim 1 intelligent monitor system, it can be the monolithic system encapsulation (SoC) that comprises (CPU, FlashROM, RAM, A/D, R/F, various peripheral interface), it also can be the set of aforementioned each function element, be installed on the printed circuit board, core wisdom processing power of the present invention is provided.
3. measuring with the operational management ability for the photovoltaic cell component string of claim 1 to adopt other intelligent apparatus to realize.
4. for the detection loop in the claim 1, adopt electron watt-hour meter computation chip and sample resistance implementation, each input photovoltaic cell component string disposes one the tunnel, real-time voltage, electric current, active power and electricity when the component string operation is provided.
5. for the current detection circuit in the claim 1, be the bus-bar that comprises the copper sampling resistor through particular design.
6. the communication interface of isolating for the photoelectricity of claim 1 preferably adopts the RS485 serial line interface, also can adopt other physical form, and the photovoltaic module that it will respectively be separated connects into a system.
7. can adopt Mesh or Pooling networking for the wisdom radio network interface in the claim 1, select standards such as IEEE802.15.4 for use but be not limited to above-mentioned standard.
8. receive the broadcast parameter of photovoltaic generation supervisory system for the intelligent monitor system in the claim 1, each optical crosstalk photovoltaic cell components real-time sampling data in conjunction with this header box, judge photovoltaic cell component string operation conditions: dirt, open circuit, component string are unusual etc., and alerting signal is provided.
9. the relay tip switching value output function of isolation is provided for the intelligent monitor system in the claim 1, realizes the remote control of header box switch.
10. combine with header box for the intelligent monitor system in the claim 1 and install within it, also can be independent of the header box setting.
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| CN2009102648395A CN102109578A (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2009-12-24 | System for monitoring photovoltaic battery pack string |
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| CN2009102648395A CN102109578A (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2009-12-24 | System for monitoring photovoltaic battery pack string |
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| CN102508039A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-06-20 | 深圳市英威腾电气股份有限公司 | Earth impedance detection circuit and method of cell panels |
| CN102608492A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-07-25 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | System and method for detecting fuse state of combiner box |
| CN102647021A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-22 | 苏州长风自动化科技有限公司 | Self-powered solar combiner box |
| CN102891464A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-23 | 广州中晶新能源工程有限公司 | Photovoltaic string protection device |
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| US10404060B2 (en) | 2015-02-22 | 2019-09-03 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Photovoltaic string reverse polarity detection |
| CN104821735A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-08-05 | 青岛艾迪森科技有限公司 | Special electric energy optimizing box for photovoltaic power station |
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Application publication date: 20110629 |