CN101919150B - Current waveform construction to generate AC power with low harmonic distortion from localized energy sources - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and apparatus to provide low harmonic distortion AC power for distribution by converting energy from natural or renewable sources into electrical form, and constructing a current waveform on a primary winding of a transformer by recapturing inductive energy previously stored in the transformer so as to transform the converted electrical energy into substantially sinusoidal AC voltage at a secondary winding of the transformer. For example, AC power may be supplied to a utility power grid from raw electrical energy from renewable energy sources (e.g., solar cells). An inverter may construct the primary winding current waveform using two unidirectional switches. On each half cycle, one of the switches first applies energy previously recaptured from primary winding inductance, and then applies the raw energy to the transformer primary winding at the utility power grid frequency. Accordingly, the constructed primary winding current may exhibit substantially improved total harmonic distortion.

Description

Produce the current waveform construction of the AC power with low harmonic distortion from the local energy

Related application

It is 60/973 that 18, on September of the application's claim 2007 submits to, name is called sequence number " SolarEnergy-Derived DC to High Voltage AC Conversion ", the people such as Babcock, the rights and interests of 224 U. S. application, this application is incorporated to by reference in full at this.

Technical field

Various execution modes relevant with power conversion system and build waveform so that the method for the high-quality alternating current that is applicable to being transported to high voltage distribution network to be provided, its source can comprise renewable or natural energy source in some implementations, as by way of example but be not limited to, wind, wave, solar energy, underground heat, and/or the fluid dynamic energy.

Background

Usually, the electric power facility distribution system can be considered carefully tuning resonant energy pond, and the electric energy of generation enters this pond in the mode of stream and the electric energy that consumes leaves this pond in the mode of stream.Substantially during balance, can realize reliable operation (as there is no surge, voltage stabilization) when input electric energy and output electric energy.When presenting the electricity generation system of electric energy to power network while showing sizable power stage transient changing, other parts of utility network and distribution system may not have time enough to deacclimatize the change of this power level.Therefore, the generator transient changing can be facilitated the unstable of electrical network.

For example, the quick variation of an output of a generator can cause output distortion or the distortion of other generators, and it can cause voltage transient, due to voltage spikes and/or undesirable harmonic component.In some example, this can cause the situation that breaks down of one or more substations of electrical network.This fault state can affect the user on generator and electrical network conversely.

Therefore, utility company stipulates the generating standard usually, and its standard generator transmits the mode of energy to described power network and/or distribution system.

In some existing solar electric power system, solar array produces direct current (DC).For this electric energy is introduced to utility network, the direct current energy of described generation is transmitted to central point by cable, and then it can convert alternating current (AC) to by extensive commercial inverter there.Commercial inverter utilizes the high frequency switch-mode technology to be operated with by converting direct-current power into alternating-current power usually.This system is considered to the DC output power During at solar array, utilizes battery system that power adjustments or the output of stable alternating voltage are provided.

General introduction

Provide the AC power of low harmonic distortion with the method and apparatus for distributing, it will be by becoming from the power conversion of nature or renewable source electric form, and construct current waveform on the primary winding, it is by again obtaining the inductive energy be stored in advance in transformer in order to changed electric energy is become to sinusoidal in fact alternating voltage at the secondary winding up conversion of transformer.For example,, from original electric energy, from the AC power of regenerative resource (as solar cell), can be provided for utility power network.Inverter can utilize the current waveform of two single-way switch structure armature windings.In each half period, in switch one energy that at first will again obtain from the armature winding inductance in advance, then by primary energy with the frequency application of utility power network to the primary winding.Therefore, the primary winding current of structure can show improved in fact total harmonic distortion.

Some example can be by being coupled to the harmonic flux phase shift harmonic flux of described transformer secondary output winding to decay in fact, further reduce the harmonic distortion of the output voltage that the secondary winding by described transformer provides.In some example, one or more harmonic fluxs can be cancelled in fact, to reduce the harmonic distortion of sinusoidal output voltage signal substantially from transformer secondary output.Transformer comprises that harmonic wave suppresses winding to produce the harmonic flux of phase shift, and it is decayed in fact and is coupled to the corresponding harmonic flux of secondary winding from armature winding.Each harmonic wave suppresses winding and is coupled to circuit element, and electric current is orthogonal in fact the voltage of winding on fundamental frequency by circuit element.

Various execution modes relate to power conversion system and method, and the energy with conversion from one or more Local Origins, provide the high-quality AC power that is suitable for being transported to the high-tension electricity distribution network,

Described source can comprise renewable or natural energy source in some implementations, such as but not limited to, wind, wave, solar energy, underground heat, and/or the fluid dynamic energy.

In various examples, with frequency of supply (line frequency), operate single-way switch to provide unidirectional current to arrive the armature winding of described transformer.Bidirectional current can be provided to described transformer from two identical in fact switch modules, and each switch module is connected to described armature winding by their output with opposite polarity.

Various execution modes can have one or more advantages.For example, some execution mode can be in fact directly (as by single inverter and only have single transformer) original, variable direct voltage are treated as to the sinusoidal in fact high-quality AC power that is suitable for being transported to one or more electricity distribution networks (as utility network).The processing procedure of only utilizing a transformer stage that original, variable direct current power are reverse into to high-quality (as THD is less than 5%) can utilize the frequency of supply switching process to realize, therefore reduce in fact switching loss and reduce or eliminate in fact from the electromagnetic interference of described inverter conduction or radiation, this has eliminated again the needs to the High frequency filter of circuit for power conversion, therefore reduce costs, size, weight and component count, improve manufacturability simultaneously.The quantity that minimizes transformer stage can reduce number of components, avoids the essence loss in efficiency, and can adjust variable output voltage by simple selection pulsewidth, to produce required ac output voltage on the primary side of described transformer.

In various execution modes, the magnetic energy (as elementary winding leakage inductance) of described switching process by again obtaining storage and reuse those energy and have the primary current waveform of better harmonic curve with structure, can further provide efficiency improvement.

In some embodiments, main facilities is built and safeguarded to direct current, to the local transitions of high-voltage alternating, by minimizing, as the quantity of the electric conducting material (as copper, aluminium) of the facility 100 of Fig. 1 and cost for this reason, and contributes to reduce the cost of wiring.When high pressure, the conductor that AC power utilizes low current to pass through minor diameter can be carried electrical power on quite long distance, and can not cause due to the resistance in conductor very large pressure drop and/or power loss.

In various examples, the local storage of energy in capacitor, by providing short-term support to tide over the transition line states until described public subsystem can react and adjust, promotes the stability of utility network.

The invention provides a kind of method that formation offers the current waveform of primary winding, the method comprises: structure comprises the current waveform of the current signal of a series of alter polarities, the current waveform of structure has the cycle corresponding to fundamental frequency, wherein by execution, comprise following step, each current signal is formed in half of one-period: (i) connect the switch corresponding to the polarity of the current signal be constructed; (ii) by capacitor discharge until the voltage on electric capacity mates the voltage of the first voltage source substantially, the electric current that will provide from output node is from zero being increased to the first levels of current in fact; (iii) by output node is directly connected in fact to voltage source, electric current is increased to the second levels of current from the first levels of current; (iv) cut-off switch once; And (v) by guide switch, disconnect the moving electric current of follow-up afterflow electric capacity is recharged, come in fact current reduction to zero; And provide first winding of the current waveform of structure to transformer.

The method also can comprise the first winding that is provided to transformer in response to the current waveform by structure, and produces output voltage at the second winding of transformer.The method also can comprise the k subharmonic of the output voltage of decaying in fact, and wherein k is odd number.The k subharmonic of output voltage of decaying in fact can comprise: the magnetomotive force on the k subharmonic be associated with the tertiary winding in transformer is provided, and the magnetomotive force on the k subharmonic be associated with the current waveform with structure interacts.Provide the magnetomotive force on the k subharmonic be associated with the tertiary winding in transformer to comprise: the phase that is different in essence of the magnetomotive force on the k subharmonic that the phase place of the magnetomotive force on the mobile k subharmonic be associated with the tertiary winding is associated with the current waveform about constructing.

The method also can comprise from regenerative resource receive electrical power with at least a portion that energy is provided to the first voltage source.

The method also can comprise selects fundamental frequency to mate in fact the fundamental frequency of common line voltage.

The present invention also provides a kind of system of high-quality interchange (AC) electrical power for generation of flowing to the high-tension electricity distribution network, and this system comprises: the collection of energy node, and its power conversion by the nature existence form becomes electric energy; The energy process module, its electric energy by conversion converts AC signal to, this AC signal have on fundamental frequency and at least one harmonic wave of fundamental frequency on energy; Transformer, it comprises: the first winding that (i) receives AC signal; (ii) by carry out the second winding of output AC power with the form delivering power of sine voltage signal in fact; (iii) tertiary winding; And harmonic wave suppresses module, harmonic wave suppresses that module is coupled to the tertiary winding and in response to the alternating current in the first winding, and further is configured to offset in fact the energy at least one harmonic frequency from the first winding coupled to the second winding.

Harmonic wave suppresses module can comprise capacitor.

The phase place of harmonic wave that harmonic wave suppresses at least one selection that module can be by mobile magnetic flux is contrary in fact with the magnetic flux at the harmonic wave of selecting with from being coupled to the second winding, offsets energy.

Voltage and current phase place on fundamental frequency in the tertiary winding can roughly differ 90 degree.

The power transmitted from the second winding can be at least about 1 kilowatt.

The voltage provided from the second winding can be higher than at least 500 volts.

Set forth the details of one or more execution modes in accompanying drawing below and description.According to describing and accompanying drawing, and, according to claim, other feature and advantage will be obvious.

the accompanying drawing explanation

Presents is described these and other aspect in detail with reference to following accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 means the low-voltage direct power transfer is become the example of energy gathering devices of high-voltage alternating power of the frequency of supply of supply capability distribution system.

Fig. 2 means exemplary single-phase generation module (1PGM).

Fig. 3 A means to provide the schematic diagram of a pair of exemplary power stage of energy to the AC inductance load from the direct current input.

Fig. 3 B-3C means for the exemplary voltage of the operation of the power stage of key diagram 3A and the curve chart of current waveform.

Fig. 4 means exemplary harmonic suppression transformer.

Fig. 5 A-6C illustrates exemplary configuration and describes experimental result.

Fig. 7 means the exemplary outdoor crate to the equipment of AC power conversion for direct current.

Fig. 8 means to collect the exemplary collection of power for the ECN of the energy of DC-AC conversion by outdoor crate.

Fig. 9 means the exemplary 3PGM to the three-phase AC power conversion for direct current power.

Figure 10 is illustrated in the example process of management direct current power in 3PGM.

The configuration of the 1PGM of various direct current power levels and direct current interconnection bus in Figure 11 A-11C explanation 3PGM

Figure 12 means the exemplary a group 3PGM group to the three-phase alternating current bussed supply.

Figure 13 means to represent the chart of relation between the Transformer Winding turn ratio of harmonic suppression transformer and THD.

Same reference numeral in each accompanying drawing means similar elements.

The detailed description of illustrated embodiment

Presents explanation relates to from different aspect and the example of the realization of natural or renewable source harvest energy, and typically, described source is near a plurality of positions of the bleeding point for being connected to public utility.

In various execution modes, for the equipment of power is provided to electricity distribution network (as utility network), utility network for example, comprise a plurality of collection of energy nodes, each node provides original, variable direct current (or rectified interchange) power to the United States Patent (USP) sequence number 11/582 that is entitled as " Supply Architecture for InductiveLoads ", the inverter of type described in 115, this patent is submitted on October 16th, 2006 by people such as Babcock.Inverter module can be from be stored in transformer inductance energy harvesting flyback energy, then utilize the energy of storing, there is the output voltage of low THD from the secondary generation of transformer, otherwise the energy of storing just may be lost with magnetic hysteresis and/or heating system unshakable in one's determination.

In various execution mode described herein, with the inverter of frequency of supply (as 60Hz) switching, by the flyback energy that first recycling is obtained, form the current waveform provided to primary, then obtain more flyback energy.The release of each half period flyback energy and obtaining contributes to the current waveform of structure more sinusoidal in fact (as about 20%THD).In some embodiments, transformer comprises the secondary winding for output, and harmonic wave inhibition winding, and the latter, when being coupled to suitable capacitor, reduces harmonic wave chosen on described secondary output voltage fully.Therefore, inverter can produce the interchange secondary voltage waveform with approaching sinusoidal wave (as being less than 5%THD) voltage waveform by driving transformer.In various execution modes, on the quite wide scope of the original DC input voitage that is derived from the collection of energy node, by the pulsewidth of each half period of simple change, can control well the voltage levvl of output.And inverter is configured to will reset to for the voltage and current of described transformer zero in each half period, therefore reduce in large quantities or avoid magnetic hysteresis and associated loss, and the resonance that may cause radiativity or conductibility emission.

Fig. 1 means the example for the energy gathering devices 100 of the high-voltage alternating power of the frequency of supply of supply capability distribution system by low-voltage direct power transfer one-tenth.Usually, described energy gathering devices 100 is collected the change level of solar energy as low-voltage direct-current power, and intelligently this power delivery is arrived to low frequency (as 50Hz or 60Hz) inverter.Described low frequency inverter becomes high-voltage alternating power by described low-voltage direct-current power transfer, and high-voltage alternating power has in some embodiments enough low total harmonic wave (THD) level to reach the requirement to their power network for transmission power of some electric power facility.The example of AC power is collected and be transformed into to DC energy at U. S. application sequence number 60/973, more detailed discussion is arranged in 224, this application is submitted on September 18th, 2007 by people such as Babcock, " Solar Energy-Derived DC to High Voltage AC Conversion " by name, its complete content is here all merged by reference.

Energy gathering devices 100 comprises that a group three phase power generator module (3PGM) organizes 102, and they are connected to public utility interface 104 by a group three-phase alternating current bus 106.Although the many examples that come into question are described in to the three phase power of 50Hz or 60Hz, produce, other realizations are also possible.For example, 3PGM group 102 can be created in, two, three, five, nine, 12 or the AC power phase place of other numbers of 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 60Hz, 100Hz, 300Hz or other a-c cycles.In some implementations, the power produced by 3PGM group 102 can be transmitted to described public utility interface 104 as the high voltage alternating current easily, and it has the electric current of corresponding minimizing.Correspondingly, the resistor power loss in the long conductor propagation can reduce in large quantities, because square proportional (being power loss=I*I*R) of power loss and electric current.

The three phase power that public utility interface 104 will be organized 102 generations by 3PGM is transformed into compatible voltage, frequency, phase place and/or the electric current mutually with Utilities Electric Co..In some implementations, public utility interface 104 can comprise transformer.For example, public utility interface 104 can be transformer, and its receives the 33KV AC power from 3PGM group 102, and by its boost in voltage the transmission voltage to the 110KV of public utility.Described power can adopt WYE, DELTA or other variety of ways of wishing configuration to carry out the interface connection.

Energy gathering devices 100 also comprises control module 108.Described control module 108 is controlled the various operations of energy gathering devices 100, in the explanation of Fig. 1, will further discuss below.

Each in 3PGM group 102 comprises a group 3PGM 110.In some implementations, 3PGM group 102 can comprise two, three, four, eight, ten, 12 or the 3PGM 110 of other numbers.In the described example of diagram, the output of 3PGM 110 is integrated on three-phase alternating current bus 106.For example, each 3PGM 110 can export 5KVAC with 25KW, and therefore the output of four 3PGM 110 can be merged, at three-phase alternating current bus 106, with 100KW, exports 5KVAC.The example of the combination of more 3PGM and 3PGM group will be discussed in the explanation of Fig. 2.

Each in 3PGM 110 comprises the single-phase generator module of a group (1PGM) 112.In illustrated example, described 3PGM 110 comprises nine 1PGM 112, however other realizations that also can adopt.In some implementations, described 3PGM can comprise three, four, five, six, nine, 12 or the 1PGM 112 of other numbers.The output of each of 1PGM 112 is connected to a group single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114.

In some implementations, 1PGM 112 can be integrated into 1PGM bunch (bank) connected by a group interconnection bus 116.In illustrative example, nine 1PGM 112 are classified into the group of three interconnection, and every group has respectively three 1PGM 112 (for example group 118 of 1PGM interconnection).Each in the group 118 of 1PGM interconnection comprises three 1PGM 112 that connected by described interconnection bus 116.Direct current power be sent and/or be extracted to each in 1PGM 112 can by described interconnection bus 116.For example, when sending by described interconnection bus 116 or extracting direct current power, each in 1PGM 112 can provide single phase alternating current (A.C.) power to arrive a wherein single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114.

In illustrative example, shown three 1PGM interconnected set 118 and three single phase alternating current (A.C.) buses 114, but other realizations are also possible.In some example, described 3PGM 110 can comprise one, two, three, six, nine, 12 or 1PGM interconnected set 118 and/or the single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114 of other numbers.In some is implemented, the connection between 1PGM 112, interconnection bus 116, and/or single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114 can be controlled by control module 108.1PGM 112 can be connected to each other and be connected to method and the example of the variety of way of single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 116, will in the explanation of Fig. 9 and Figure 10, discuss.

Described 1PGM 112 comprises collection of energy node 120.In some implementations, collection of energy node 120 comprises that collection solar energy is to produce the solar cell of direct current power.In other are realized, energy node 120 can be that wind-driven generator, tital generator, wave energy collector (wave energycollector), hydroelectric generator, geothermal power generation machine or other can be used to produce the power source of direct current power.

Collection of energy node 120 provides direct current power to DC bus manager 122.DC bus manager 122 is provided by the level of the capacitor 124 stable direct current powers that provided by collection of energy node 120.DC bus manager 122 further discusses in detail with reference to Fig. 4.In the example that solar power is collected, the output of energy node 120 may sail because of cloud cluster, day rise, sunset and other reasons change.During high-power output, DC bus manager 122 can shift and/or holding capacitor 124 in energy partly or entirely.Between the period of output reduced, while as cloud layer, covering energy node 120, DC bus manager 122 can utilize the energy be stored in capacitor 124 to promote the quantity of the power that outputs to inverter module 126.

In various realizations, capacitor 124 can be replaced or be supplemented by the one or more memory elements that can store the excess energy of being exported by collection of energy node 120, and during lower than the expection level, provide interim energy source when the available horsepower of collection of energy node 120 output.For example, this energy storage elements can be by one or more battery cells, charging with the oversaving electric energy, and/or in the flywheel energy storage system store mechanical energy.In some implementations, energy storage elements can comprise as (as underground conservation pool, artificial sealing system) in the container of substantially sealing with the system of the form stored energy of Compressed Gas, and/or as the liquid raise, so that energy subsequently recovers.For example, DC bus manager 122 can, by storage container and/or underground space pumping Compressed Gas, then utilize described compressed gas-or air-operated generator to carry out stored energy.In other examples, DC bus manager 122 can utilize remaining direct current power that water or other liquid pumpings are arrived to the storage container raise, and subsequently when needed by allowing gravity to make water rotating water power generator recover potential energy.

Inverter module 126 receives DC energy, processes described energy, and transmits AC power to transformer 128.Described inverse switch has the AC power of reduction THD (as 5% or less) with frequency of supply running and generation separately.Inversion module 126 is discussed in the explanation of Fig. 3 a.The example that is suitable as inversion module 126 in addition, United States Patent (USP) sequence number 11/582 at " Supply Architecture for Inductive Loads " by name, discussion is also arranged in 115, this patent is submitted on October 16th, 2006 by people such as Babcock, and its content is here all merged by reference.

The AC power that transformer 128 provides inverter module 126 is transformed into can be by the voltage and current level of single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114 conduction.In some implementations, transformer 128 can be configured to reduce THD and the harmonics level in the AC power of exporting.The example of transformer 128 further discusses in detail with reference to Fig. 4-6C.

Collection of energy node 120 comprises the auxiliary energy transducer 130 that is connected to coupling 132.Auxiliary energy transducer 130 and coupling 132 can be used to locating energy collector node 120 with improve solar energy collecting (as rotate and/or the inclination solar panels with towards the sun).In some implementations, described auxiliary energy transducer can operate by extracting the energy before be stored in capacitor 124.For example, DC bus manager 122 can be from capacitor 124 to auxiliary energy transducer 130 delivering powers with locating energy collector node 120.In some implementations, auxiliary energy transducer 130 can turn round by from single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114, extracting energy.For example, AC power can and be rectified into direct current power by rectifier 136 by transformer 134 step-downs, and is transferred to for example auxiliary energy transducer 130 by DC bus manager 122.

In some example, auxiliary energy transducer 130 can, during startup or low-yield collection, extract power from DC bus manager 122 and/or by transformer 134 and rectifier 136.For example, coupling 132 can be configured to the position that oriented energy collector node 120 is followed the tracks of the sun.At sunset, when becoming collection of energy node 120 can not collect the time, solar energy may be generally oriented to west.When the sun rises in the Orient, collection of energy node 120 may can not be collected towards wrong direction enough energy turn round auxiliary energy transducer 130 and coupling 132.Auxiliary energy transducer 130 can temporarily extract power from capacitor 124 and come rotational energy collector node 120 with the collection towards the sun and recovery solar energy.In another example, auxiliary energy transducer 130 can be during low-yield collection or thereafter, as morning at cloudy day or solar eclipse, from capacitor 124, extracts power to reorientate collection of energy node 120.In some implementations, navigation system 132 can be by control module 108 runnings.In one embodiment, for example, described control module can be programmed to maintain energy reserve, and this energy reserve is enough to during low-yield collection the position of directed ECN 120 on one's own initiative, in order to prepare to recover collection of energy.

In some is implemented, auxiliary energy transducer 130 can produce by the direct current power of DC bus manager 122 management.For example, auxiliary energy transducer 130 can comprise the motor with regenerative braking, for example, wherein said energy converter 130 can dynamic brake water power turbine to maintain the optimization power output from ECN120 to DC bus manager 122, comprise and convert excess energy to be convenient to storage electric energy.In another example, the controlled motion that energy converter 130 can driving-energy collector node 120 can recover kinetic energy when node 120 is stopped.In another example, auxiliary energy transducer 130 can comprise hydraulic pressure or air pressure driver, hydraulic pressure or air pressure drive configuration are located mechanism's (as coupling 132) supercharging for giving, and/or will convert from the excess power of ECN120 the energy of storage to by coupling 132.

Fig. 2 means exemplary 1PGM 200.Described 1PGM 200 comprises DC bus manager 202.DC bus manager 202 control by collection of energy node 204 produces and outputs to DC bus 206 direct current power route and stablize.In some implementations, collection of energy node 204 can produce direct current power from various sources.For example, collection of energy node 204 can comprise that wind-driven generator, tital generator, geothermal power generation machine, hydroelectricity generator or other can produce and exchanges or the equipment of direct current power.As stored (at least some instances according to rectification and capacitive character, can be provided in the two ends of inverter 126 inputs) be appreciated that the voltage signal that described direct current management bus offers inverter 126 can be interchange, direct current or other non-linear or linear waveforms.

DC bus manager 202 comprises control module 208.Control module 208 comprises processor module 210.Processor module 210 can be carried out various functions, as management, user interface, signal are processed and/or power management operation.For example, processor module 210 can monitor various operations, and as monitored power level, and transmission power is with stable DC bus 206.

In illustrated example, processor module 210 is coupled to memory device by number bus, comprises memory 212, nonvolatile storage (NVM) 214 and communication interface 216.The temporary transient storage of the bus power level that memory 212 can be provided for being monitored.Memory 212 can comprise, as RAM, buffer or cache memory, for volatile data storage.In some implementations, processor module 210 can fast-access storage 212 to fetch and/or to store data.NVM 214 can provide memory space for storing data (as monitored DC bus power level) and/or can carrying out instruction (as application software).NVM 214 can comprise, as any combination of flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EEPROM, the data storage device with rotating media (as CD or disc driver), belt memory device or these or other data source.

In this example, NVM 214 is coupled to processor module 210 by numeric address/data/address bus.Processor module 210 can be carried out instruction and fetch the information be stored in NVM 214 by described bus.For example, NVM 214 comprises the code module 218 of include instruction, and described instruction can cause processor module 210 executable operations while being carried out by processor module 210, with managing power level on DC bus 206.NVM 214 can comprise that some other code module (not shown), to carry out other operations, comprise the DC bus bookkeeping (as user interface, startup, configuration) that support is basic.For example, the information of the power that code module can be based on about being produced by ECN 204 and the current measurement by DC bus 206, calculating energy memory rate, or its equivalent in fact.Power information can be received, for example, by directly measurement, user's input and/or other communication modes.

In control module 208, described number bus further is coupled to communication interface modules 216.Communication interface modules 216 intercoms mutually with other DC bus managers 202, ECN 204 and/or control module (as the control module 108 of Fig. 1).Communication interface modules 216 can send and/or receive data from node monitor or manage DC bus 206, and described node is connected to described DC bus manager 202 by wired and/or wireless network is long-range.For example, communication interface modules 216 can be configured to carry out radio communication by antenna 220 and honeycomb fashion, WiFI, WiMax, bluetooth and/or other wireless communication network.In other examples, communication interface modules 216 is configured to utilize Ethernet or other data network forms, power line communication, USB, RS232, FireWare and/or other data communication format to communicate.

DC bus manager 202 comprises charge controller module 222.Charge controller module 222 can be charged and/or be discharged energy storage module 224.For example, during by ECN 204 output high-powers, charge controller module 222 can be used to from the power of DC bus 206, energy storage module 224 be charged.Between the low-power period of output, charge controller module 222 can be used to promote from the power of energy memory module 224 power level of DC bus 206.In some implementations, energy storage module 224 can comprise one or more capacitors, battery, flywheel, heat-accumulator tank or other electricity, chemistry, motion, potential energy or other forms of stored energy.

DC bus manager 202 can provide power to motor 226 by motor controller 228.In some implementations, described motor 226 can comprise the auxiliary energy transducer 130 of Fig. 1.For example, motor controller 228 can to motor 226 provide power with directed ECN 204 for improving collection of energy.In some implementations, DC-DC power supply 230 can convert the direct current power at DC bus 206 power levels to the direct current power that can be used by motor controller 228 and motor 226.For example, DC bus 206 may operate in 200VDC between 600VDC, and DC-DC power supply 230 can become 24VDC for motor 226 power transfer of described DC bus 206.

DC bus manager 202 comprises the switch 232 that DC bus 206 can be connected to direct current interconnection bus 116.In some implementations, described direct current interconnection bus can be the direct current interconnection bus 116 of Fig. 1.Direct current interconnection bus 116 is the Bidirectional Conduction direct current power between the 1PGM of (as 1PGM interconnected set 118) in the 1PGM interconnected set.

1PGM 200 also comprises inverter module 126 and transformer 238.Inverter module 126 will convert AC power to from the direct current power of DC bus 206.Inverter module 126 comprises inverse switch 240 and inverse switch 242.In some implementations, inverse switch 240 can form half (as positive half wave) of AC wave shape, and inverse switch 242 can form second half (as negative half-wave), therefore be combined, the output of inverse switch 240-242 can the merged waveform sinusoidal in fact with structure.The example of inverter module 126 will be discussed in the explanation of Fig. 3 A.

Transformer 238 produces AC power power level from inverter module 126 transforms to and can, at the power level of single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus (as the single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114 of Fig. 1) transmission, be transferred to Utilities Electric Co. and/or be transferred to power network.Transformer comprises that harmonic wave suppresses module 244 and rectifier 246.Harmonic wave suppresses that module 244 suppresses to be produced by inverter module 126 may appear in AC power for the third time, the 5th time and/or the harmonic wave of high order more.For example, harmonic wave suppresses 244 THD that can suppress on Resonance Wave Composition appears at transformer 238 secondary winding 248 with minimizing, meets Utilities Electric Co.'s requirement to power network by distributing electric power.The example of transformer 238 is further discussed with reference to Fig. 4-6.

In some implementations, harmonic wave suppresses module 244 and can comprise passive component (as inductance, resistance, electric capacity).

During at some, other are realized, active element can be for suppressing the harmonic signal composition.For example, the amplifier of active control can adopt digital technology to produce the current signal that comprises one or more harmonic waves, each harmonic current by phase shift to seedbed being arranged and offsetting in fact the harmonic flux produced at secondary winding 248 by corresponding armature winding harmonic current.In this example, the harmonic wave of active generation suppresses electric current can be simultaneously driven on single winding, described single winding can with the coaxial coiling of secondary output winding 248.In another example, the harmonic current of active driving can be split into two or more harmonic waves and suppress winding.

In some implementations, 1PGM 200 can utilize utility power, as between the low period of output of ECN 204.For example, ECN 204 can not line up and need to be reorientated by motor 226, and described energy storage module 224 may be depleted.Utility power at secondary winding 248 can be converted and be rectified device 246 rectifications to provide direct current power to arrive DC bus manager 202 by transformer 238.DC bus manager 202 can be carried through the utility power of conversion and carry out operating motor 226, to energy storage module 224 charging and/or operation control modules 208.

Fig. 3 A-3B means exemplary inverter and electrical waveform, and it can move to produce expeditiously low THD and exchange power output, in this, in various execution modes, is illustrated.The example of inverter and running thereof is at United States Patent (USP) sequence number 11/582, further instruction is arranged in 115, this patent is called " Supply Architecture for Inductive Loads ", by people such as Babcock, on October 16th, 2006, submitted to, its full content is merged by reference in full at this.

Fig. 3 A means to provide a pair of exemplary power stage 310a of energy to the AC inductance load, the schematic diagram of 310b from the direct current input.In some implementations, a pair of power stage 310a, 310b can form the inverter module 126 of Fig. 1.In this is realized, described power stage 310a, 310b are similar in fact, and wherein they have identical in fact circuit and extract power from identical power supply (as by diode 315).Their main distinction is in the timing of its output signal.In various realizations, power stage 310a, 310b can alternately provide output current to arrive load.Especially, power stage 310a can provide unidirectional output current A, B, C, D to described load by first direction, and power stage 310b can second direction provide unidirectional output current A ', B ', C ', D ' to described load.In some implementations, capacitor 320 can adopt two or more parallel electric capacity to realize, they can provide wider responsive bandwidth (as low inductance path) and/or the electric capacity increased.

In illustrative realization, controller (as the control module 108 of Fig. 1) can produce control signal in order to power stage 310a, carrying out a cycle of operation.During the power stage 310a cycle of operation, described controller can cut out all switches in power stage 310b, therefore stops any output current of level 310a to flow to a grade 310b.Similarly, when power stage 310b carries out its cycle of operation, described controller can be forbidden a grade 310a.

Circuit control device can respond the key point (as peak value, zero crossing) in the utility power network waveform, by trigger the inverter half period by the inverter switching in fact with the synchronizeing of frequency of supply and phase place.In some other example, the order timing signal (as by RF, land line (land-line), satellite) provided by public utility can be provided described controller.In some implementations, the phase place adjustment can be by leading or postpone with compensation local phase state, and it can be in fact away from the utility generation place, or even due to the relevant phase difference in position in the equipment 100 to Fig. 1.

As described, the voltage adjustment can be controlled to the voltage of output slightly higher than public utility, so that power outputs to utility power network from described equipment.By monitoring voltage and the electric current that flows through public utility interface 104 and ac bus 106, the performance number that is transported to utility power network can be monitored and control by phase place (as regularly) and the voltage (as pulsewidth) of suitably adjusting from 1PGM.

Fig. 3 B-3C means to illustrate exemplary voltage and the current waveform figure of the power stage operation of inverter 126, comprises the exemplary illustrated of the primary current waveform construction that reduces Resonance Wave Composition.

In the example of describing at Fig. 3 B, curve 334 explanation DC bus managers 122 provide the unipolarity input voltage.In this situation, described voltage can be provided by ECN 120.In other examples, DC bus manager 122 can be other any suitable unipolarity or DC power supply, for example AC signal of half-wave or full-wave rectification.In some applications, DC bus manager 122 can be showed voltage rigidity (voltage stiff), and for example it can be provided by the sizable maintenance electric capacity such such as capacitor 124.At some, in other application, described power supply can provide the AC signal (as the turbogenerator driven from underground heat, wind-force or hydrodynamic energy) of rectification and not have tangible maintenance electric capacity.

Curve 336 means that DC bus manager 122 provides input current Iin to armature winding during time period B (as Iin=Iout), does not provide during any other time period of the exemplary cycle of operation.

The Vin that curve 338 is illustrated in input node 305 places time period A start be enhanced, its reflection charging on capacitor 320.

The curve 340 of output current Iout, it can represent constructed primary winding current, the electric discharge of the capacitor 320 of explanation during time period A provides actual energy to arrive load, and it can advantageously reduce the power extracted from DC bus manager 122 in the cycle of operation.

Curve 338,340 is also illustrated in controlled minimizing in the charging of capacitor 320 in time period D and output current Iout.The amplitude of inverse electromotive force (RMVF) can be advantageously controlled in the controlled minimizing of Iout.

Curve 342 is the part around the output current Iout waveform of time period C in Figure 34 0 with zoomed-in view explanation.In some example, time period C is short with respect to time period A, B and D.During time period C in this example, the slope of curve 340 (as dIout/dt) is controlled by the operation of voltage limiter 325 in fact.In some embodiments, described slope can controlledly make fairly good, to such an extent as to so can fully reduce amplitude and the noise energy be associated with the REMF voltage signal.

In some applications, the continuous cycle of operation can occur and not interruption in the uncertain time period, during this time period, energy can be provided to described load.For example, the cycle of operation can have the quite fixing cycle, and it can include but not limited to, time period between about 10 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds for example, or the time period between about 1 millisecond to 30 milliseconds, or about 50 microseconds are to the time period between 1000 microseconds, or be less than 60 microseconds.In some applications, the variable time that the consecutive periods of one or more limited quantities can not provided power to load is interrupted.In some embodiments, the cycle of operation the duration can require according to load request, input command or other (resonance frequency that can hear as avoided, filtering requirements, synchronize with the public utilities supply power voltage) to change.

For the purpose further illustrated, Fig. 3 C comprises exemplary graph 350,355,360,365 and 370, is illustrated in the bidirectional current in described load, for example, and as described with reference to figure 3A.In addition, the load in described example comprises alternating current motor.So, the time dependent back electromotive force (back-EMF) that the reflection of the waveform in the curve of Fig. 3 C is produced by described motor.

Although the output current Iout of curve 370 is two-way and is provided for alternating current motor, the inverter module 126 of Fig. 1 provides controlled dIout/dt during time period C, D, C ' and D '.So, described REMF voltage can be well controlled, and the various benefits of above-mentioned discussion are provided.In addition, at time period D, the energy obtained during D ', can be respectively at time period A subsequently, during A ', be reused.

Fig. 4 means to comprise the exemplary transformer 400 of the winding for suppressing harmonic wave.Transformer 400 comprises magnetic core 410, armature winding 420 and secondary winding 430.In some is implemented, armature winding 420 can be connected to the interchange output of inverter module (as the inverter module 126 of Fig. 1), and described secondary winding can be connected to single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus (as single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus 114).Transformer 400 by power from the horizontal transformation that provided by inverter module to the level that can transmit at the single phase alternating current (A.C.) bus.In an example, the inversion module of 1KW can receive 300VDC and at the about output 208VAC of 4.8A.

Described secondary winding comprises that triple-frequency harmonics suppresses winding 440 and harmonic wave suppresses module 450.When suitable when tuning, suppress winding and harmonic wave for three times and suppress module 450 and form the circuit of eliminating in fact harmonic signal, otherwise described triple-frequency harmonics propagate into the ac output voltage signal at secondary winding 430 from the AC power of the input of armature winding 420.In described example, transformer 400 comprises that being coupled to the triple-frequency harmonics that harmonic wave suppresses module 450 suppresses winding 440, and is coupled to the quintuple harmonics that harmonic wave suppresses module 470 and suppresses winding 460, separately by tuning to suppress the more harmonic wave of high order.In some implementations, can provide with tuning one or more is extra (as seven times, ten once) more limitation of high harmonics winding and harmonic wave suppress module and suppress selected more high order harmonic component.Correspondingly, harmonic frequency can be suppressed to weaken selected harmonic wave and therefore to reduce the THD at the alternating current output signal of secondary winding 430.

In some is implemented, transformer 400 can be high-impedance transformer, it can advantageously limit utility power network just in case while being out of order by the fault current of transformer.In some implementations, transformer 400 can use with miscellaneous part together with DC bus manager 122 and/or inverter module 126, converts expeditiously direct current power to AC power (as 97% or higher).In some implementations, transformer 400 can be provided in the substantial electric insulation between 1PGM and described utility power network.In some implementations, transformer 400 can utilize polyphase windings to construct, include but not limited to 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,15,18,20,24 phase windings, it can be by iron core jointly or independently, so that polyphase ac signal (as WYE, Delta, have or do not have neutral connect or like that etc.) to be provided.

Configuration and the output of the exemplary transformer 500 that Fig. 5 A-5D explanation is used in the testing apparatus of an exemplary experiment.The end view of indication transformer 500 in Fig. 5 A.The device for transformer of experiment is rated as and operates in about 160VDC input, 121VAC output, and between about 96W and 160W.

Transformer 500 is moved by the coiling direct voltage to DirectCurrent Voltage Ratio according to alternating voltage of serving as reasons, and this alternating voltage can fully compensate the impedance effect of the reduction produced by inverter module to DirectCurrent Voltage Ratio.In an example, the direct current supply voltage of 160VDC is multiplied by factor 1.2 and causes the 192VAC design voltage.Be used for transformer 500 elementary 505 of 192VAC operation by coiling, transformer is configured to utilize inverter module to operate in 160VDC.

Transformer be designed with 1: 1 be input to the output ratio, with the test direct current to the power equivalence exchanged.Described harmonic wave is suppressed to module and also given special concern, to utilize the actual components value, obtain improved performance.A target of this experiment is whether the harmonic responses of determining transformer can be created in 5% or the AC power of THD level still less.

Transformer prototype design is designed to suppress winding with the harmonic wave of coaxial coiling, for three times and quintuple harmonics control of elementary 505 and secondary 510 parts at transformer 500.The 3rd cover winding 515 is added to transformer 500, another option and other options that described transformer 500 is controlled as the test harmonic wave with magnetic shunt 520.

Tested to determine suitable harmonic winding capacitance.Can obtain many low costs, non-polarized capacitor for this purpose.Capacitor, suppress module works as harmonic wave, and the triple-frequency harmonics winding and the power setting that are connected to secondary 510 sides are 70%.When being added to circuit, electric capacity can observe result.By capacitor being connected to the triple-frequency harmonics winding of secondary 510 sides, it is not influenced significantly that flyback is obtained energy.When approaching the 180Hz tuning point, center and sinusoid circulation (rounding) that current peak is moved to the half period substantially are obvious.Primary current is by tuning 10% the THD that is less than with generation.Oscilloscope measurement shows that from the voltage of secondary winding 510 outputs are the sine waves substantially with about 6%THD.Further fine tuning capacitor group reduces THD to 3.8%.

After described inverter module, on 200 ohm load, with 120VDC, move.Obtain direct current input, ac output voltage and electric current, harmonic winding electric current, voltage and power measurement values to calculate the I due to the 1PGM of winding resistance ²the R loss.I ²then the R loss deducts to calculate magnetic hysteresis loss and power transmission efficiency from gross power.Result is as follows:

Direct current input power=800mA (average) * 120VDC=96 watt

The switching loss of 120VDC=6% * 96 watt=5.76 watts

Armature winding loss=1.12ARMS * 1.12ARMS * 4.2 ohm=5.26 watts

Secondary winding loss=0.616ARMS * 0.616ARMS * 4.2 ohm=1.6 watts

Harmonic winding loss=2.88ARMS * 2.88ARMS * 0.8 ohm=6.6 watts

Harmonic capacitor loss (recording with power analyzer)=1.3 watt

Master switch and I ²r loss=20.52 watt

96 watts-I of input power ²20.52 watts=75.48 watts of R losses

Transformer wattage output=121VAC RMS * 0.616ARMS=74.54 watt

Power output 74.54/75.48 * 100%=does not have I ²the transformer efficiency of R loss=99%

This experiment hint 1PGM may operate in 99% efficiency and 1% or lower transformer iron core loss.

Another group test is carried out investigating the pulse duration about VAC transformer output adjustable range, in other words, and to determine that experimental system has how many output VAC voltage levvls and controls when keeping total VAC output THD to be less than 5%.When described direct current input power level during by pulse-width modulation, elementary 505 electric currents and transformer 500 output voltages of transformer 500 are monitored, and to attempt to determine, still maintain while being satisfied with noise level the electric energy minimum that can be employed on the transformer output voltage reduced.

The adjusting range of inverter module is sighted between 104VAC and 126VAC (scope of 22V RMS).In the major part of adjusting range, transformer output remains on below 4%THD.This pwm power adjustment mode show approach substantially lossless.Do not find significant power loss for adjustment itself.

Carry out further experiment and how to process distortion and abnormal load with the observation experiment system.Oscilloscope synchronizes to carry out the power compare test of 1PGM with respect to public utility with the utility power that is provided to building.Observed result shows the public utility than 4.3% THD, and 1PGM exchanges power output and has 2.7% THD level.

For example, tested the performance under large inductive load with the observation experiment system.The choke of 20mH and 200 ohm load are connected in series, and experimental system is not in the situation that have perceptible problem to move.As if choke increases about 7 ohmages to described output circuit, and reduces voltage in a small amount.Then replace the inductive load of 20mH with the inductive load of 400mH, output voltage is raised to over 300VAC and with little distorted current as a result.Same real power level is observed, and 1PGM nondestructively processes load.

Described inverter frequency and phase bit timing can be based on synchronizing signals, separately or adjusted by capable of regulating phase delay.Based on experiment, observe, adjust facies-controlled adjustment to show to be locked in the utility power signal+90 degree are to the phase place adjustment of-90 degree, performance does not have transient phenomenon substantially.

In a kind of exemplary execution mode, can obtain the synchronizing signal (as 100Hz, 120Hz) of the twice of public frequency of supply, for example, from peak point and/or the zero crossing of line voltage.In some example, synchronizing signal can be taked for example form of 120Hz stream of pulses.In some example, inverter can utilize the delay of two complete cycles to be synchronized to the voltage of utility network, as adopted determining of delay timer.For example, delay can be at latter two cycle of public synchronizing signal (as about 33.33 milliseconds).The 120Hz synchronizing signal of described delay can drive the switching process of 60Hz inverter.In illustrative example, adopt about 33.33 millisecond delays can cause that described inverter primary current is consistent substantially with the zero crossing of line voltage on phase place.If timer postpones to reduce 4.15 milliseconds, primary current will be than line voltage 90 degree beginnings in advance so.If timer postpones to increase by 4.15 milliseconds, primary current will start than line voltage quadrature lagging so.So, phase control is (as essence does not have transient phenomena) and on wide scope, controllably adjusted continuously smoothly, thereby exactly and at an easy rate the phase place of the power that provided is accurately matched to the phase place of public supply power voltage in the position (as public utility interface 104) of power stream combination.

Based on experiment, observe, invertor operation can be closed and reach an approximately half period (as losing lock-out pulse) after an event, and does not produce in fact transient phenomena as the result of closing.

The quick closedown of believing inverter can not cause transient phenomena, at least in part, because the every half period of inverter is obtained the magnetic energy be stored in described primary coil again.Believe this again acquisition process magnetic core of transformer is turned back to the state that cuts off in fact electric current.Correspondingly, believe when inverter is forced to cut out suddenly, again the obtaining of described energy reduces or eliminates in fact the chance that magnetic energy in transformer core produces not controlled transient energy (as due to voltage spikes).

The experimental configuration 550 of Fig. 5 B indication transformer 500.Adopted triple-frequency harmonics to suppress winding 555 and 250uF capacitor 560.

Fig. 5 C means exemplary oscilloscope screenshot capture 570, and it is presented at several example waveform 575-590 that experimental session is observed.Waveform 575 shows primary 505 input voltage waveforms.Waveform 580 shows primary 505 input current waveforms.Waveform 585 shows transformer secondary output 510 output voltage waveforms, and waveform 590 shows transformer secondary output 510 output current waves.Waveform 575 shows that inverter modules can obtain the flyback energy with output bidirectional DC voltage waveform, and this bidirectional DC voltage waveform has to approach sinusoidal current waveform 580 and weakened in fact and removes I ²the loss (as core loss, switching loss) that the R loss is outer.Waveform 580 is waveforms of structure, and it is by the electric switch process of 1PGM and utilizes the transformer 500 iron core energy of storage and produce, otherwise the energy of those storages can lose due to magnetic hysteresis and/or transformer core heating.

In this experiment, system utilizes waveform construction (do not have harmonic wave suppress winding) to produce the primary current waveform 580 exchanged, and it is in about 20% pure sine wave scope and have a good harmonic wave profile.Suppress winding by increasing a harmonic wave on the primary side 510 at transformer 500, transformer 500 is tuned to the phase place of the triple-frequency harmonics of location 180Hz, thereby resist in fact the third-harmonic flux relevant to armature winding, the secondary winding output voltage signal that transformer 500 produces with the triple-frequency harmonics content reduced in fact.The secondary winding power stage that experiment obtains is meaned by secondary voltage waveform 585 and secondary current waveform 590.The formation of waveform also affects primary current waveform 580, and it shows that the THD of THD from 20%THD to 7.5%THD reduces.

As shown in Fig. 5 D, for the THD percentage of output voltage, under various pulsewidths, be determined by experiment.Table 592 is illustrated in the exemplary THD percentage obtained according to experiment for output voltage measured under various switching pulse width, the relation between the pulse duration adopted by inverter 126 with assessment and the adjustment of the output voltage on the secondary winding 510 of transformer 550.In this experiment, inverter system is configured to export the 120VDC pulse-width signal, and the primary winding is with the load of 200 ohm.When pulse-width modulation changes, measuring transformer output voltage and THD percentage.

Table 592 shows the representative sampling of result, and wherein transformer output THD percentage is 5% or still less.As shown in table 592, in the configuration of experiment, the adjusting range of inverter is from 104VAC to 126VAC (or scope of 22V RMS) approximately.The major part that runs through this scope, THD percentage remains on below 5% substantially.For example, the output that records 2.52%THD when the pulsewidth of the employing of 120VAC application 78%.

Fig. 6 A-6C is illustrated in configuration and the output of the exemplary transformer 600 used in the second experimental testing apparatus.The end view of Fig. 6 A indication transformer 600.The transformer 600 of this experiment is configured to the armature winding 605 of 1: 1 turn ratio and secondary winding 610 to export for 300VAC.Shunt 615 separates winding 605.Shunt 615 can be adjusted to meet the needs of various realizations.For example, the flyback energy harvesting can be increased to increase primary leakage inductance by adjusting shunt, and it can be obtained again by inverse switch 240,242.In some embodiments, the primary leakage inductance of armature winding 605 can provide enough flyback energy harvestings to meet the waveform construction of system THD standard with realization.In other embodiments, supplementary inductance can be cascaded and be provided with armature winding, in order to can again obtain the waveform construction that enough flyback energy realize meeting system THD standard.

The experimental configuration 650 of Fig. 6 B indication transformer 600.Configuration 650 comprises armature winding 605 and the secondary winding 610 of 1: 1 turn ratio.In experimental prototype, harmonic wave suppresses winding 655 and the concentricity coiling of secondary winding 610.Capacitor 660 suppresses winding 655 with harmonic wave and is connected in parallel.

In configuration 650, the value of capacitor 660 is passed experiment and adjusts to cause the leading phase shifts of about 60 degree between the fundamental current of armature winding 605 and harmonic wave inhibition winding 655.In some is existing, this phase shift be considered to make harmonic wave suppress triple harmonic current waveform phase shift on winding with armature winding 605 in triple harmonic current homophase not.In this experiment, on secondary winding 610, third harmonic voltage is realized to significantly the value of the capacitor 660 of reduction is determined to be at about 50uF.Capacitance can be selected, as the circuit parameter (as the number of turn, inductance, electric capacity) that suppresses winding 655 by adjustment to control in fact the relative phase of the third harmonic voltage on winding 605,655.In another example, capacitance can be selected to be created in the phase shift between the fundamental current that armature winding 605 and harmonic wave suppress winding (as winding 655), so that the nth harmonic electric current in those windings produces, offsets substantially the nth harmonic magnetic flux that is coupled to secondary winding 610.This has realized the output voltage with the triple-frequency harmonics composition of fully decaying.

Fig. 6 C means exemplary oscilloscope screenshot capture 670, and it shows several example waveform 675-690 that experimental session is observed.Waveform 675,680 means that respectively harmonic wave suppresses the voltage and current of winding 655.Waveform 685 is illustrated in the voltage of observing on transformer 600 secondary winding 610 under full load (as 300VDC, 1KW, 90 ohm load).Waveform 690 means electric current, the flyback energy again obtained by the inverter utilization on armature winding 605 structure.It is 2.2% that THD percentage records on output voltage waveforms 685.

Notice as if as if waveform 675,680 shows that fundamental voltage and the electric current of harmonic wave inhibition winding 655 have in fact 90 degree phase differences, show that suppressing the power loss on fundamental frequency in winding 655 at harmonic wave mainly comprises resistance loss.

In experiment during invertor operation, as the illustrative embodiments of inverter 126, the response of transformer 600 is that smooth (as adjusted and stable preferably) and pulse-width modulation are controlled substantially in 50% to 100% ohmic load (load lower than 50% does not have record data) scope.Transformer 600 is observed carries total power to there is no problem when continuous operation.

Fig. 7 shows exemplary outdoor crate (outdoor enclosure) 700, and it comprises the equipment to the conversion of AC power for direct current power.In some example, cabinet 700 is configured to substantially modularization so that the replacement of Fast Installation, maintenance and one or more subassemblies.In some embodiments, modular cabinet 700 can comprise quick cut-off signal, power supply and the interface of communicating by letter, and it allows whole cabinet 700 be mounted within a few minutes or change.In some embodiments, transformer for each 1PGM can be removed individually from described module, to reduce weight and flexibility is provided, the phase place as varying number for example is provided, this may pass in time by increasing auxiliary transformer and/or 1PGM electronic module and increase to cabinet 700.Therefore, cabinet 700 can adapt to operation and the budgetary request of extensibility to meet equipment 100 up and down.

In a word, outdoor crate 700 can be near Local Origin (as the one or more collection of energy nodes 120) location of direct current power, the distance of being conducted to reduce direct current power, before this direct current power is converted into the high voltage AC power for distance (as be greater than 50 foot) transmission quite long at equipment 100, with relative low-voltage and the conduction of high electric current.

The outdoor crate 700 of describing in this example is connected to the source of direct current power by input pipe 702.Some direct current conductors 704 are by input pipe 702.In some implementations, conduit 702 can protect in fact direct current conductor 704 to avoid mechanical failure, and/or is arranged to and is quickly installed to modular base.DC bus manager 706 is transmitted to DC bus manager 708 by direct current power from direct current conductor 704, some inverter module 710a-710c, and AC-DC converter module 712.In some implementations, DC bus manager 708 can be the DC bus manager 122 of Fig. 1.In some implementations, inverter module 710a-710c can be the inverter module as inverter module 126.In some implementations, when collection of energy is low, AC-DC converter module 712 can be transformed into direct current power by public AC power and move for equipment.In some example, AC-DC converter module 712 can comprise the combination of transformer 134 and the rectifier 136 of Fig. 1, and/or the rectifier 246 of Fig. 2.

DC bus manager 708 is connected to capacitor group 714.The capacitor group can comprise one or morely can and/or provide power to the capacitor 716 of DC bus 706 for storage.Capacitor group 714 is connected to capacitor extending space module 718.In some implementations, capacitor extending space module 718 can, by space being provided and being connected to increase additional-energy memory element (as capacitor 176), be used to connect the capacitive character memory capacity that increase can be used by DC bus manager 706.Capacitor stores in cabinet 700 provides in time the flexibility of upgrading, safeguarding and replace energy storage elements, for example, with the performance (being required by system specifications) that meets and maintain requirement.

Each in inverter module 710a-710c also is connected to transformer 720a-720c.Inverter module 710a-710c converts the direct current power of DC bus 706 to AC power.In some implementations, each of transformer 720a-720c comprises transformer 128.

In some implementations, transformer 720a-720c is transformed into AC power can be by public utility, public utility interface (as the public utility interface 104 of Fig. 1), and/or the voltage levvl that uses of the electric equipment in downstream.In some implementations, transformer 720a-720c can suppress in fact the one or more harmonic waves in output voltage signal.In some implementations, transformer 720a-720c can isolate inverter module 710a-710c from public utility.

Transformer 720a-720c is arranged on the higher-pressure region 722 of isolation.In some implementations, the higher-pressure region 722 of isolation can be in fact by the miscellaneous part in transformer 720a-720c and outdoor crate 700 physically and/or electric upper isolation.For example, outdoor crate 700 can be opened to approach parts 704-710 and prevent that described technical staff from touching transformer 720a-720c by the technical staff.

Transformer 720a comprises additional armature winding 724.In some implementations, the utility power that additional armature winding 724 can be used to be connected to described secondary winding is transformed into the power level that can be used by AC-DC converter module 712 to produce direct current power.

The interchange output of transformer 720a-720c is connected to the box that opens circuit (disconnect box) 726.In some implementations, the box 726 that opens circuit can provide switch, circuit breaker, fuse, locking and/or other can be used to connect or disconnect the parts of AC power.The AC power conductor dbus that is connected to the box 726 that opens circuit is crossed interchange conduit 728 and is drawn from described outdoor crate.

Comprise that three exchange output although outdoor crate 700 is illustrated, the output of other numbers also can be used.In some implementations, inverter module 710a-710c can be individually adjusted phase place.For example, three inverter module 710a-710c can be configured to produce three-phase output.In some implementations, the part of inverter device module 710a-710c, all or do not have can be by synchronously to export single phase place.For example, inverter module 710a-710c can synchronously be merged with output, single phase alternating current (A.C.) signal, it is greater than the AC signal that single inverter module can produce thereon.

In some implementations, the synchronous and asynchronous various combinations of inverter module 710a-710c can provide flexibility in energy gathering devices (energy gathering devices 100 as shown in Figure 1).For example, outdoor crate can be configured to construct early stage three-phase output at energy gathering devices.When additional ECN and outdoor crate 700 are deployed, cabinet 700 may be reconfigured output single-phase (as first-phase).Second of outdoor crate 700 is installed, and can be configured to export second-phase, and the 3rd installation can be configured to export third phase.In another example, the phase place adjustment of outdoor crate 700 can be reconfigured to overcome in the outage of one group of ECN or other situations of outdoor crate 700, or contributes to stablize unbalanced electric phase place.

Fig. 8 means the exemplary collection 800 of ECN 805, and ECN 805 collects power and carries out the DC-AC conversion by outdoor crate 810.Usually, the direct current power of being collected by ECN 805 is merged and be transmitted to outdoor crate 810, and direct current power is converted into three-phase AC power there.

A plurality of ECN 805 are accumulated three group 815a-815c, and wherein the output of each ECN 805 is merged at terminal box 820a, 820b and 820c.Each in 815a-815c of group is set in this example and produces 25KW direct current power (as the 480VDC of 52A) for 75KW altogether.

Described direct current power is transmitted to outdoor crate 810.In some is implemented, outdoor crate 810 can be the outdoor crate 700 of Fig. 7.Outdoor crate 810Jiang tri-road direct current inputs convert to for the phase place of three 12KVAC, 2.1ARMS of the three-phase AC power of 75KW altogether.

Fig. 9 means for direct current power being converted to the exemplary 3PGM 900 of three-phase AC power.Each of ECN provides 25KW DC power supply 905.Each of 25KW DC power supply 905 is connected to the input of inverter module 910a, 910b and 910c.Inverter 910a-910c converts the input of three direct currents for the phase place of three 12KVAC, 2.1ARMS of the three-phase AC power of 75KW altogether to.The interchange output of inverter module 910a, 910b, 910c is connected to turn-off module 915a, 915b and 915c separately respectively.Then exchange and export on three phase places that are delivered to three-phase AC power collection bus 920.

The direct current output of inverter module 910a, 910b and 910c also is electrically connected on one group of switch 925a, 925b and 925c.Switch 925a-925c is connected to DC bus 930 successively.In some implementations, switch 925a-925c can be configured to impel direct current power to be shared between two or three of diagram DC bus.

DC bus 930 is electrically connected to DC bus manager 935.In some implementations, DC bus manager 935 can be the DC bus manager 122 of Fig. 1.DC bus manager 935 be electrically connected to capacitor 940 in case storage from the energy of DC bus 930 and/or increase energy to DC bus 930.

Figure 10 shows the example process 1000 for the management of 3PGM (at the 3PGM 110 as Fig. 1) direct current power.The step of described process can be controlled and/or monitor by one or more elements, element associated working and comprising, such as but not limited to, the equipment (microprocessor, microcontroller, logic array, ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC))) of programming, separately or be combined with simulation and/or mixed signal assembly.In some embodiments, the step of described process can be implemented when the hardware implement of instruction repertorie, described instruction repertorie can comprise one or more program modules, can tangible medium as (as non-volatile or volatile memory, rotation or fixing storage medium) in data storages by hypostazation effectively.

During each ECN received power output state when direct current manager (as DC bus manager 122) from the 1PGM interconnected set, process 1000 starts (step 1005).Then the DC bus manager is determined minimum available horsepower output level (step 1010) for each 1PGM interconnected set.For example, in the set of three 1PGM interconnected set, a group can have the minimum gross power output of described set, and this lowest power output valve will be used to the operation subsequently in process 1000.

If minimum available horsepower output level is determined to be lower than low threshold value (step 1015), 3PGM disabled (step 1020) and untapped 1PGM power are sent to direct current interconnection bus (step 1025) so.

If minimum available horsepower output level is determined to be and is not less than low threshold value (step 1015), if minimum available horsepower output level is determined lower than middle threshold value (step 1030), the 1PGM of each interconnected set is activated (step 1035).

If in step 1030, threshold value in the middle of minimum available horsepower output level is determined and is not less than, if in step 1040, minimum available horsepower output level is determined lower than high threshold, in step 1045, two 1PGM of each interconnected set are activated.

If, in step 1040, minimum available horsepower output level is not less than high threshold, so then step 1050 interconnection bus can be disconnected selectively.Then follow step 1055, all three 1PGM in interconnected set are activated.

In some embodiments, in interconnected set 118, flowing of the direct current power between 1PGM can be by invalid any one selecteed inverter 126 selectively and controlled.Correspondingly, in some example, the selectivity of inverter disconnects opening of the relay do not mean in corresponding 1PGM 112 or other switch elements.

Figure 11 A-11C is illustrated in the configuration of 1PGM and direct current interconnection bus in the 3PGM of various direct current power levels.In some implementations, configuration can be the result of process 1000 in Figure 10.

Figure 11 A means exemplary 3PGM 110 low power configuration, and it is according to the step 1035 in Figure 10.In some example, when direct current power is collected level lower than middle threshold value, the configuration of giving an example can be used, while in fact all direct current powers in the 1PGM interconnected set are transmitted, passing through single 1PGM.In some implementations, transmit direct current power by the 1PGM of three of being less than in the 1PGM interconnected set, can obtain the 1PGM efficiency of increase.

In lifted example, 1PGM interconnected set 118a is configured to transmit its direct current power to the single 1PGM be enabled for first-phase ac bus 114a.1PGM interconnected set 118b is configured to transmit its direct current power to the single 1PGM be enabled for second-phase ac bus 114b, and the direct current power that 1PGM interconnected set 118c is configured to transmit it is to the single 1PGM be enabled for third phase ac bus 114c.In some implementations, ac bus 114a-114c can comprise the three-phase of three-phase alternating current bus 106 in Fig. 1.

Figure 11 B means according to the 3PGM110 in the exemplary mid power configuration of step 1045 in Figure 10.Each in 1PGM interconnected set 118a-118c transmits direct current power to two in three 1PGM in each group, comes like this two 1PGM of the 1PGM interconnected set of self-separation to be enabled for every ac bus 114a-114c.For example, first-phase ac bus 114a is by the power supply of the 1PGM from 1PGM interconnected set 118a and 118c, and second-phase ac bus 114b is by 1PGM interconnected set 118a and 118b power supply, and third phase ac bus 114c is by 1PGM interconnected set 118b and 118c power supply.

Figure 11 C means according to the 3PGM110 in the exemplary high power configuration of step 1055 in Figure 10.In this configuration, all 1PGM in each of three 1PGM interconnected set 118a-118c are enabled for three-phase alternating current bus 114a-114c.In some implementations, between 1PGM, direct current interconnection bus can be disconnected.In other are realized, direct current interconnection bus can keep connecting to allow 1PGM to move and/or share the management of direct current interconnection bus from the public direct-current power level.

The above-mentioned operation of describing with reference to figure 10-11 can be determined in proportion according to the maximum number (as 2,4,5,6,24) of available phases and the number of available output line.

Figure 12 means the exemplary collection 1200 of 3PGM group, and it is to the three-phase alternating current bussed supply.Described set comprises that the 3PGM of Fig. 1 organizes four in 102, and wherein each 3PGM group 102 comprises four 3PGM 110.In lifted example, each 3PGM 110 produces the 6KVAC three-phase RMS power of 31.5KW.Therefore the 3PGM group produces the 6KVAC stream three-phase RMS of 4 * 31.5KW or 126KW.

Four 3PGM groups 102 are added to 6KVAC three-phase bus 106 by their power.Bus 106 is connected to public utility interface 104.Public utility interface 104 comprises the 0.5MW transformer, and it transforms to 69KVAC by the power on bus 106 from 6KVAC, and further comprises suitable switchgear.In some implementations, by electrical power being risen to higher alternating voltage, and compare with low voltage and high current transmission equal-wattage, power delivery can have power consumption, the pressure drop of minimizing, and the infrastructure cost.

Figure 13 means curve chart 1300, and its representative shows that THD suppresses the exemplary design relation of the dependence of turn ratio between winding and armature winding for the harmonic wave of transformer 128 in the 1PGM 112 at Fig. 1.With reference to figure 5B, curve chart 1300 has X-axis, and X-axis represents that in transformer 550, harmonic wave suppresses the ratio ranges of the number of turn of winding 555 with respect to armature winding 505 numbers of turn.Y-axis represents the scope of THD percent value.

Usually, experiment shows that some execution mode generally can represent high THD level of percent at low harmonic winding and armature winding turn ratio place.Described THD level of percent is tending towards usually along with harmonic winding reduces for the increase of armature winding turn ratio.But experimental result shows to have the scope of design 1310 of a preferred winding ratio.Lower than scope 1310, the THD percent value may surpass predetermined upper limit standard, and for example maximum THD percentage (as about 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 7%, 10%) can be by the operator institute requirement of electric power distribution system (as utility network).If ratio of winding is higher than scope 1310,1PGM 112 can export multivoltage and promote, and/or described system may be showed bad load regulation.In some implementations, turn ratio by suitable selected harmonic winding with respect to the ratio of primary turns, and/or by the coupling harmonic winding to suitable electric capacity, various execution modes can be suppressed in fact the selecteed harmonic signal on secondary 510 output voltage wave.

Although with reference to accompanying drawing, exemplary execution mode is described, other realizations are also possible.For example, in some example, energy gathering devices 100 can be connected with one or more predetermined distributing electric power network interfaces selectively, partly or entirely can the haveing nothing to do in fact of described distribution network.In an example, equipment 100 can be configured to provide two the difference public public utilities of the alternating current of three-phase transmit level to the transmission voltage in different (as be respectively 30KV, 50KV), frequency, configuration (as WYE or the configuration of Delta type) and phase place adjustment, and is configured to provide five cross streams power of medium voltate (as 6KV) to proprietary partial load (as smeltery, automobile factory) simultaneously.By suitable control switch equipment and suitably control phase adjustment, frequency, with the power stream that the inverter 126 passed through in DC bus manager 122 and each 1PGM 112 and 3PGM 110 transmits, device transmission bus 106 can transmit in fact independently AC power to be come for passing through 104 distribution of public utility interface.

In above-mentioned each example, 3PGM group 102 is represented as and comprises four 3PGM 110 that export separately three-phase alternating current bus 106.In other are realized, 3PGM group 102 can comprise the 3PGM 110 of more or less number.In various realizations, the 3PGM group can comprise about 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,15,20,25 or more 3PGM 102, there is the output AC bus 106 that can carry the phase place of selecting in advance number, and the phase place of the 3PGM110 formed can be kept or combination by parallel in each 3PGM group 102.In this example, the number of phase place can be different from three, and in the different piece of energy gathering devices 100, can be different.

In service, 1PGM 112 can be operated the direct current power so that the inverter of selecting can be disabled and reselect by interconnection bus 116 member who is routed to one or more other selections in interconnected set 118.Correspondingly, each 3PGM can provide one, two or the phase place of any number, until the number of element in interconnected set 118.Therefore, energy gathering devices can dynamically reconfigure the specification of the AC power that is provided to public utility interface 104.For example, the intelligent monitoring of the voltage and current that each 1PGM produces, can be by the balance movement of subsystem in equipment 100 that control 108 utilizes to maintain substantially.

Although having described, various examples utilize the collection of energy node of energy storage elements from each 1PGM 112 to obtain superfluous available power output, to be stored in energy storage elements, as the element 124 in identical 1PGM 112.In other embodiments, the DC bus manager can be configured to transmit excess energies with the supplementary energy storage elements (as flywheel) or different 1PGM 112 that are stored in center from a 1PGM 112, to receive from 3PGM 110,3PGM group 102 or from energy Anywhere in energy gathering devices 100.

In various examples, the part of the available output energy produced in each 1PGM 112, can be transferred and be stored in order to want the recovery subsequently of seeking time at the peak value of described electricity distribution network in the off-peak hours.

In various execution modes, device controller 108 can and be assigned to the power stream that transmits utilisable energy between utility power network at stored energy, thereby makes in fact the operating income based on the electric power scheme maximize.For example, if public utility provides higher price under the high request condition, equipment 100 can be by increasing energy storage levels and carrying the energy of described storage to require to obtain more income to meet peak load.

Various execution modes become the high-voltage alternating electrical power of frequency of supply (for example, approximately 50 or 60Hz) to offer electric power distribution system the low-voltage DC power transfer.Various examples are realized high efficiency conversion and be there is no the inverter of high frequency switch-mode and there is no the secondary booster transformer.In specific example, direct current power source comprises the array of solar generator.A kind of exemplary extensive electrification structure utilizes the distributed network of small-sized robust inverter, to convert from the direct current power of one group of device of solar generating (solarelectric unit) alternating current of the medium-pressure or high pressure of frequency of supply to, wherein each inverter is placed on the position close to this group device of solar generating, therefore reduces the current-carrying requirement of transmission cable.Medium-pressure or high pressure interchange power output from some inverters can be combined to be transported to utility power network.Some realization comprises exemplary DC bus systems stabilisation, and it utilizes the storage of capacitive character energy to provide the energy requirement between the power stage transient period from solar array.Other features and execution mode are described below.Various examples are described with reference to the example of describing in accompanying drawing 1-9.

The electric switch technology, also referred to as ADCP, can improve in fact controllability and the efficiency of the sensing apparatus as transformer and motor at this.For example, the ADCP switching technique can promote technology and the economic feasibility of various solar energy generation technologies.The example of ADCP switching device and method is at United States Patent (USP) sequence number 11/582, in 115, describe, this patent is called " Supply Architecture forInductive Loads ", by people such as Babcock, on October 16th, 2006, submitted to, its full content all is incorporated to by reference at this.

Some execution mode can provide the advantage of one or more.In some embodiments, the solar array of solar focusing can be included in and have in improved efficiency and/or cost-benefit realization.Be exposed to effective power quantity that every square feet of area to the sun produces can be enough large so that solar energy production than more the generation mode of traditional type (as the fossil fuel generating) is more competitive.

In various enforcement, the ADCP switching technique can advantageously reduce the infrastructure cost by reducing in large quantities conductor size and hardware requirement.ADCP can provide intelligence and highly controlled performance, and for example, it can improve the voltage-regulation with high conversion efficiency.Some example operation does not have in fact battery, there is no the inverter module of typical high frequency switch-mode yet.ADCP can reduce in fact the possibility of the calamitous system failure.Some execution mode can be showed very long, the low life expectancy of safeguarding, it can be in fact over 30 years in some cases.Temperature and environmental condition that various enforcement can be crossed over wide range provide reliable in fact and robust performance.Various examples meet utility company applicatory fail safe, quality, emission request and standard.

ADCP and the design of some semiconductor switchs by reducing or eliminating in fact electric resonance, utilize inverse electromotive force (EMF) as the second source of electric energy and eliminate in large quantities or minimizing as the inverse electromotive force in the source of electrical impedance and electromagnetic emission, can be used to improve the electrical efficiency of standard 60Hz transformer and inductance.The example of the electronic installation of processing electrical power described here is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) sequence number 11/582, in 115, this patent is called " Supply Architecture for Inductive Loads ", by people such as Babcock, on October 16th, 2006, submitted to, its full content here all is incorporated to by reference.Various semiconductor switch designs are two-way and can effectively the DC power supply current inversion are become to be used to the bidirectional, dc electric current that exchanges the 60Hz transformer-supplied.

In some implementations, in order to replace the battery as adjusting and memory device, burning voltage fluctuation in fact, and/or reduce or eliminate in fact the high voltage spike on the direct current distribution bus-bar, the design of high degree of isolation semiconductor switch can be used to control super capacitor.For example, in the application with long DC bus cable line, can advantageously realize better bus stability, described long DC bus cable line can be and for example inverse electromotive force (EMF), voltage swing or the instable source of bus that is associated up to the high pressure spike of thousands of volts.

In exemplary realization, the DC-AC conversion can be distributed in the locational small-scale inversion system that leans on very closely with one or more sun-generated electric power groups by some and complete.Inversion system directly converts the solar DC electrical power to the public high voltage of exchanging of 60Hz in the place approaching with solar DC power supply on a small scale, and then solar energy-electric energy can be transported to utility network as alternating current with higher transmission voltage and lower infrastructure cost on the AC power system.In an illustrative example, some less DC buss can be replaced in fact extensive DC bus design.This DC bus can (as being less than about 100 feet) carry limited electric current (as being less than about 20A) on the circuit of limited distance.Adopt the system of this less DC bus can reduce in fact size and the cost that any DC bus requires, and/or reduce in fact the possibility of bust.

For example, the fault in of distributed inverter may only cause the solar array off-line be associated.In some example, near one group of solar array with exercisable inverter DC switch equipment can automatically be sent to DC output power from one group of solar array with the fault inverter.

In the exemplary embodiment of ADCP inverse switch, the ADCP process can be the non-resonant in fact method of management electric energy, and it improves inductance for the magnetic state of controlling sensing element (as transformer) rising by essence and descend and controls and efficiency.

In illustrative example, in inductance inside, the source as the source current impedance is removed inverse electromotive force (EMF) effectively.Reverse potential is acquired and utilizes to cause work and produces for improving the electric charge of inductance efficiency.This is to utilize the polymorphic switching process and the switching technique that convert the DC source electrical power to pulse-width modulation (PWM) and controlled bidirectional, dc electric current to realize.Described polymorphic switching process is also controlled and is utilized the inverse electromotive force as the source that increases inductance efficiency, also eliminates the inverse electromotive force as the source of electrical noise and electromagnetic interference source (EMI).Described switching technique produces the conduction of minimizing in large quantities and/or the EMI level of radiation.

In some example, the ADCP inverse switch is to be coupled to frequency of supply (as the 60Hz) work of the public level of frequency of supply transformer, DC electric power is reverse into to the public level AC power at common transport voltage.

In some embodiments, described ADCP inverse switch can together be used with the Lighting Control Assembly for HID (high-intensity discharge) ballast type (as comprising transformer) illumination, metal halide, high-pressure sodium and fluorescent lighting.For example, 60Hz HID lamp ballast can utilize DC power supply and the efficiency work of ADCP inversion to improve, rather than utilizes the wall electric current of 120VAC to make the work of bulb ballast.

In some exemplary embodiment, wireless communication system can interconnect between inverter 126, ECN 120 (as solar energy collecting is controlled) and DC bus manager 122 in 1PGM 112, and/or in 1PGM 112,3PGM 110,3PGM group 102, and/or interconnection between controlling 108.The communication of the electricity generation system of the zone broadness of this specific character and control are other infrastructure cost and Considerations.The inversion system design can utilize artificial intelligence.Communication, Control & data acquisition relate to some the communication route as local (LAN) net, they one greatly on the reason scope together with the communication protocol that connects whole system by all described systems and equipment connection to central control point.

This communication network can be wired, light and/or wireless.In some example, as the hardwired networking of Ethernet or token-ring network, can travel to and fro between each solar-electricity carousel (solarelectric carousel) and relevant contravariant equipment and transmit numerical data.Some example adopts the high frequency wireless technology for communicating by letter on wide geographic area.Radio communication can be used to a large amount of numerical data of transmission between hundreds of (if not thousands of) different units of total electricity generation system.The transmitter receipt device can be embedded into independent inverse switch, bus manager 122 (as the control for driving-energy collector node 120) cheaply.In an example, direct current interconnection bus 116 can be used to be connected to transfer of data and the collection between the 1PGM 112 of interconnection bus 116.

In wireless (as cellular phone) realized, the central transmitter receiver can be connected to server, and server provides interface and control information to arrive a plurality of elements of equipment 100, and those elements can be dispersed on wide zone.According to method and apparatus described herein, the generating of megawatt can be carried out electricity monitoring (as collected real-time system information) and automatically control by the mode with perfect.

In some embodiment, 1PGM can communicate by Utilities Electric Co.'s electrical network.For example, 1PGM can be converted to communication information the ac energisation frequency that the utilizes Utilities Electric Co.'s electrical network signal as carrier frequency, and communication information can be modulated into the signal of the higher frequency of being propagated with carrier wave.In some embodiments, power line communication can be followed current standard.For example, power line communication can be in accordance with consumer electronics power line communication alliance (CEPCA) standard, ETSI power line communication (PLT) standard, HomePlug power line alliance standard, IEEE P 1675, IEEE P 1775, IEEE P 1901, open PLC European Studies alliance (OPERA) standard, POWERNET standard, universal electric power line association (UPA) standard and/or for the other standards of power line communication.

Many realizations are described.Yet, will be appreciated that and can carry out various changes and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example,, if if, if the step of disclosed technology is carried out and the parts in disclosed system combined in a different manner or parts are replaced by miscellaneous part or supplement with different orders, can obtain useful result.Function and process (comprising algorithm) can adopt hardware, software or their combination to realize, and some realization can realize from different module as described herein or hardware.Correspondingly, other are realized also below in the scope of claim.

Claims (7)

1. a formation offers the method for the current waveform of primary winding, and described method comprises:

Structure comprises the current waveform of the current signal of a series of alter polarities, and the current waveform of structure has the cycle corresponding to fundamental frequency, wherein by execution, comprises following step, and each current signal is formed in half of one-period:

(i) connect the switch corresponding to the polarity of the described current signal be constructed;

(ii) by making capacitor discharge until the voltage of voltage matches the first voltage source on described electric capacity, the electric current that will provide from output node is increased to the first levels of current from zero;

(iii) by described output node being directly connected in fact to described the first voltage source, described electric current is increased to the second levels of current from described the first levels of current;

(iv) disconnect described switch once; And

(v) by guiding described switch to disconnect the moving electric current of follow-up afterflow, described electric capacity is recharged, come in fact described current reduction to be arrived to zero; And

The described primary winding of the current waveform of described structure to the first winding as transformer is provided.

2. the method for claim 1, also comprise described the first winding that is provided to described transformer in response to the current waveform by described structure, and produce output voltage at the second winding of described transformer.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, also comprise the k subharmonic of the described output voltage of decaying in fact, and wherein k is odd number.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, the k subharmonic of described output voltage of wherein decaying in fact comprises: the magnetomotive force on the described k subharmonic be associated with the tertiary winding in described transformer is provided, interacts with the magnetomotive force on the described k subharmonic be associated with the current waveform of described structure.

5. method as claimed in claim 4 wherein provides the magnetomotive force on the described k subharmonic be associated with the tertiary winding in described transformer to comprise: the phase that is different in essence of the magnetomotive force on the described k subharmonic that the phase place of the magnetomotive force on the mobile described k subharmonic be associated with the described tertiary winding is associated with the current waveform about described structure.

6. the method for claim 1, also comprise from regenerative resource receive electrical power with at least a portion that energy is provided to described the first voltage source.

7. the method for claim 1, also comprise and select described fundamental frequency to mate in fact the fundamental frequency of common line voltage.

Images