CN101678774A

CN101678774A - Power aggregation system for distributed electric resources

Info

Publication number: CN101678774A
Application number: CN200780050055A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·L·卡普兰; S·W·布里奇斯; S·B·伯拉克
Original assignee: V2Green Inc
Current assignee: V2Green Inc
Priority date: 2006-12-11
Filing date: 2007-12-11
Publication date: 2010-03-24
Also published as: KR20090119754A; KR20090119833A; EP2099639A2; JP2010512727A; MX2009006236A; BRPI0720300A2; WO2008073477A3; WO2008143653A2; WO2008073477A2; WO2008073476A3; BRPI0720002A2; EP2102028A1; BRPI0719999A2; CA2672508A1; WO2008073453A1; MX2009006239A; WO2008143653A3; IL199291A0; BRPI0720301A2; CA2672454A1

Abstract

Systems and methods are described for a power aggregation system. In one implementation, a service establishes individual Internet connections to numerous electric resources intermittently connected to the power grid, such as electric vehicles. The Internet connection may be made over the same wire that connects the resource to the power grid. The service optimizes power flows to suit the needs ofeach resource and each resource owner, while aggregating flows across numerous resources to suit the needs of the power grid. The service can bring vast numbers of electric vehicle batteries online as a new, dynamically aggregated power resource for the power grid. Electric vehicle owners can participate in an electricity trading economy regardless of where they plug into the power grid.

Description

The power aggregation system that is used for distributed electric resources

Related application

The U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/869 that is entitled as " distributed energy storage management system (A Distributed Energy Storage Management System) " that this application requires people such as Bridges to submit on December 11st, 2006,439, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/915 that is entitled as " management system of electronlmobil (Plug-In-Vehicle Management System) " that people such as Bridges submitted on May 1st, 2007,347, and the U.S. Patent application No.1l/836 that is entitled as " power aggregation system (Power Aggregation System for DistributedElectric Resources) that is used for distributed electric resources " that submits on August 9th, 2007 of people such as Kaplan, 741 preceence, more than application is all incorporated herein by reference.

Background

It is that special carbon is intensive that fossil fuel is had high dependent transport systems.That is, the merit of the physical unit of being done in transport systems is discharged significantly more CO than the merit of doing same units by electricity usually in atmosphere ₂Amount.

Electrical network comprises the limited intrinsic facility that is used for storage of electrical energy.Must stably generate electricity to satisfy uncertain demand, this usually causes excessive generating (over-generation) (thereby wasting energy), and sometimes causes generation deficiency (thereby causing power failure).

Distributed electric resources can be provided for the valuable source that overcomes the above problems in principle together.Yet current power service Infrastructure lacks assembles material supply and the alerting ability of great quantity of small resource (for example batteries of electric automobile) to satisfy medium-sized and large-scale power service demand.It is inappreciable that the single automobile battery is compared with the demand of electrical network.Along with electronlmobil becomes more and more welcome and popular, needed is the method for coordinating a large amount of batteries of electric automobile.

The U.S. Patent No. 5 that is entitled as " battery powered electronlmobil and electric power system (powered electricvehicle and electrical supply system) " people such as Green, 642, described making the electronlmobil can be with respect to the rudimentary electric and communication interface of grid charging and discharge in 270, this patent is incorporated herein by reference.This Green list of references has been described the two-way charging and the communication system of the electronlmobil that is used to be connected to electrical network, but the information processing demand of the mobile electronlmobil that both unresolved processing is a large amount of and to the complexity of owner charge (or subsidy), also unresolved mobile battery with electronlmobil are combined into enough firmly to support and the complexity of the gathering electric power resource of power grid operation merchant's power service contract.

The accompanying drawing summary

Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic sketch of exemplary power lens system.

Fig. 2 is the exemplary bonded assembly diagrammatic sketch between electronlmobil, electrical network and the internet.

Fig. 3 is the exemplary bonded assembly block diagram between the flow-control server of electric resources and power aggregation system.Fig. 4 is the diagrammatic sketch of the exemplary layout of power aggregation system.

Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic sketch of the exemplary control area in the power aggregation system.

Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic sketch at a plurality of current control center in the power aggregation system.

Fig. 7 is the block diagram of exemplary fluidic control server.

Fig. 8 is the block diagram of exemplary remote intelligent power flow module.

Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic sketch that is used for first example technique of the connection location of location electric resources on electrical network.

Figure 10 is the diagrammatic sketch that is used for second example technique of the connection location of location electric resources on electrical network.

Figure 11 is the diagrammatic sketch that is used for the 3rd example technique of the connection location of location electric resources on electrical network.

Figure 12 is the diagrammatic sketch that is used for the 4th example technique of the connection location of location electric resources on electrical network.

Figure 13 is the diagrammatic sketch of the exemplary security means during the vehicle of power aggregation system is realized to family.

Figure 14 is the diagrammatic sketch when the exemplary security means of a plurality of electric resources in the power aggregation system during to family's horsepower input.

Figure 15 is the open circuited block diagram of exemplary intelligence of power aggregation system.

Figure 16 is the diagram of circuit of exemplary power aggregation method.

Figure 17 is a diagram of circuit of controlling the illustrative methods of the electric resources that is used for power aggregation communicatedly.

Figure 18 is the diagram of circuit of illustrative methods of the bidirectional power of metering electric resources.

Figure 19 is the diagram of circuit of illustrative methods of determining the electrical network position of electric resources.

Figure 20 is the diagram of circuit of the illustrative methods of scheduling power aggregation.

Figure 21 is the diagram of circuit of the illustrative methods of intelligent island effect (smart islanding).

Figure 22 is that extended user interface is so that the diagram of circuit of the illustrative methods of power aggregation.

Figure 23 is the diagram of circuit that obtains and keep the possessory illustrative methods of electronlmobil in the power aggregation system.

Describe in detail

General view

A kind of power aggregation system that is used for distributed electric resources and associated method is disclosed in this article.In one implementation, example system is communicated by letter with a plurality of independent electric resources that is connected to electrical network by other public or private network of internet and/or some.By communication, example system is dynamically assembled these electric resources, to provide power service to power grid operation merchant (for example Utilities Electric Co., autonomous system operator (ISO) etc.).This paper employed " power service " refers to transmission of electricity and other assistant service, comprises demand response, adjusting, hot reserve (spinning reserve), non-hot reserve, energy is unbalanced and similar products like.This paper employed " gathering " refers to and controls the ability of power circuit that enters and flow out the electric resources of one group of spatial destribution for more substantial power service is provided.This paper employed " power grid operation merchant " refers to and is responsible for safeguarding in the electric control district or across the operation of the electrical network in this district and the entity of stability.The power grid operation merchant can make up manually/artificial action/interference and some combination of automation process, is used for producing in response to the system sensor control signal." control area operator " is power grid operation merchant's a example.This paper employed " control area " refer to electrical network the input and output port with qualification comprise part.Flow into the power circuit sum that this regional net power flow must equal the power consumption in (in some error limit) this zone and flow out from this zone.

This paper employed " electrical network " expression connects the switching arrangement/network of power plant and electricity consumer.This network can comprise as transmission system (being large-capacity power) or/and electrical generator, voltage transformer, interconnection, switchyard, substation, flow wire and the safety apparatus of the part of switching arrangement (for example retail electric power).But exemplary power lens system vertically scale is for use in eight among street, city, area, control area or (for example) North America electric reliability cuncil (NERC) large-scale in interconnected one.And, but this example system is a horizontal scaling when a plurality of electrical networks zone provides power service at the same time.

A kind of to flowing into or flow out the demand of more or less power of the part of electrical network in response in the multiple situation of this paper employed " electrical network situation " expression, described multiple situation is for example supplied with variation, changes in demand, accident and fault, gradual incident (ramping event) etc.These electrical network situations are usually expressed as the power quality incident such as under-voltage or over-voltage events and underfrequency or frequency too high (over-frequency) incident.

This paper employed " power quality incident " is commonly referred to as the instable performance of electrical network, comprises voltage deviation and frequency variation; In addition, the employed power quality incident of this paper also comprises other disturbance in the power quality of the electrical network transmission such as subcycle due to voltage spikes and harmonic wave.

What this paper employed " electric resources " was often referred to can be by the part or all of electric entity in the three class things below the command execution: power taking (taking on load), power supply (taking on generating or power supply) and energy storage.Example can comprise bunker, fixedly energy storage, electric generator using fuel battery, emergency dynamo, controllable burden of battery/charger/inverter system of being used for electronic or hybrid vehicle, old but still spendable batteries of electric automobile etc.

This paper employed " electronlmobil " general reference pure electric automobile and the mixed power electric car such as charged type hybrid power electric automobile (PHEV), especially those have sizable battery storage capacity and are connected to electrical network with the electronlmobil to recharging of battery.More specifically, electronlmobil refer to from electrical network obtain its energy partly or entirely for travelling and the automobile of other purpose.And electronlmobil has by battery, cond etc. or their some closed-centre system that constitutes.Electronlmobil can have or can not have ability from electric power to electrical network that return.

The employed electronlmobil of this paper " closed-centre system " (battery, ultracapacitor and/or other closed-center system) is as the representative illustration that is connected to the electric resources of the electrical network that can have dynamic input and output power off and on or for good and all.These batteries can play the effect of power supply or electric load.Although the tidal connection tendency that can recognize is arranged, and (the automobile total quantity that for example is connected to electrical network at night increases; Following degradation when bonded assembly battery total quantity), the set of the batteries of electric automobile of gathering still can become stable resource on the statistics across a plurality of batteries in when beginning working in the morning.Connection tendency across a large amount of batteries of electric automobile is predictable, and when the part (having a power failure among other such as certain) of electrical network or electrical network needed raising or reduces electric power, these batteries became stable and the addressable resource of failure-free.Data gathering also makes power aggregation system be connected behavior based on each user in predicting with storage.

Example system

Fig. 1 illustrates exemplary power lens system 100.Current control center 102 and the coupling of the ground of the network service such as the public/privately owned mixture that comprises internet 104, and the one or more servers 106 that provide central power to assemble service are provided.To use " internet " 104 as the many dissimilar communication networks and the representative of mixture of networks body in this article.By the network such as internet 104,102 maintenances of current control center communicate by letter 108 with the power grid operation merchant's, and with remote resource communicate by letter 110, promptly with the communicating by letter of the peripheral electric resources 112 that is connected to electrical network 114 (" " end " of electrical network or " terminal " node/equipment ").In one implementation, comprise that such as those ethernet bridge 120 on power transmission line or the thepower line communication device (PLC) by its thepower line communication device of forming realize at the connection location place, so that realize by the same electric wire that each electric resources 112 is connected to electrical network 114 with " last mile " of the internet communication of remote resource (being last foot in the dwelling house 124 for example in the case).Therefore, the ethernet bridge 120 on the same position place of each physical location that can make each electric resources 112 and electric resources 112 or near the corresponding power transmission line is associated.To be described in more detail ground as following, each bridge 120 is connected to possessory internet, position access point usually.Communication media from current control center 102 to the connection location such as dwelling house 124 can be taked the various ways such as cable modem, DSL, satellite, optical fiber, WiMax etc.In a variant, electric resources 112 can be by different medium and the Internet connection except that the same power transmission line that they is connected to electrical network 114.For example, given electric resources 112 self can have wireless capability, thereby is connected directly to be connected with current control center 102 with internet 104.

The electric resources 112 of exemplary power lens system 100 can comprise: the batteries of electric automobile of locating to be connected to electrical network 114 at dwelling house 124, parking area 126 etc.; Battery in the container 128, electric generator using fuel battery, privately owned dam, conventional power generation usage factory and other resource of generating and/or accumulate physically or electrically.

In one implementation, each electric resources 112 of participation or respectively organize local resource and have respective remote intelligent power stream (IPF) module 134 (" remote I PF module " 134 hereinafter referred to as).Central streams control center 102 is by communicating by letter with managing power lens system 100 with the peripheral remote I PF module 134 that distributes among electric resources 112.Remote I PF module 134 is carried out some difference in functionalitys, comprising: the state that remote resource is provided to current control center 102; Control is imported or is spread out of into amount, direction and the timing of the power of long-range electric resources 112; The power of long-range electric resources 112 is imported or spreads out of in metering into; During changing, the situation of power transmission and electrical network 114 provides security means; The record various actions; And when with the communication disruption at current control center 102, provide complete power transmitting control and security means.Will be described in more detail below remote I PF module 134.

Fig. 2 illustrates the exemplary electrical of electric resources 112 and another view that communicates to connect.In this example, electronlmobil 200 comprises battery pack 202 and exemplary remote IPF module 134.Electronlmobil 200 can be connected to the wall plug (delivery port on the wall) 204 of the routine of dwelling house 124, and on behalf of electrical network 114, this wall plug 204 enclose edge (peripheral edge) by dwelling house power transmission line 206 bonded assemblys.

In one implementation, the electric wire 208 between electronlmobil 200 and the wall plug 204 can only be made up of the electric wire and the insulator of routine, is used for coming and going electronlmobil 200 conduction exchange current (AC) power.In Fig. 2, the function that it---is the internet access point---in the case that the connection location module 210 of position-specific is carried out Network Access Point.Bridge 120 is got involved between socket 204 and the Network Access Point, so that electric wire 208 also can transmit network service between electronlmobil 200 and socket 204.This bridge 120 and connection location module 210 that utilization is in place at the connection location place, except that the conventional electric wire 208 of the dwelling house line current that conventional voltage is provided, no longer need other special wiring or physical medium to communicate by letter with the remote I PF module 134 of electronlmobil 200.In connection location module 210 upstreams, the electric power of electronlmobil 200 is split into respectively in power transmission line 206 and the internet cable 104 with communicating by letter.

Alternatively, electric wire 208 can comprise the safety component that does not have in conventional power transmission line and the extended line.For example, the plug 212 of electric wire 208 can comprise guard assembly electricity and/or machinery, and it is used for preventing that remote I PF module 134 makes the charged or exposure of plate conductor when the plug-in conductor of electric wire 208 is exposed to the user.

Fig. 3 illustrates in greater detail another realization of the connection location module 210 of Fig. 2.In Fig. 3, electric resources 112 has the remote I PF module 134 that is associated, and comprises bridge 120.Electric wire 208 is connected to electrical network 114 with electric resources 112, but also is connected to connection location module 210 to communicate by letter with flow-control server 106.

Connection location module 210 comprise be connected to the Network Access Point 302 that can comprise such as router, exchange and/or modem with internet 104 (in the case) set up the bridge 120 of hardwire or wireless connections ' another example.In one implementation, two bridges 120 and 120 ' between electric wire 208 replaced by wireless transceiver in remote I PF module 134 and the wireless internet connection the wireless router in the connection location module 210.

The example system layout

Fig. 4 illustrates the exemplary layout 400 of power aggregation system 100.Current control center 102 can be connected to a plurality of different entities for passing on and reception information by for example internet 104.Exemplary layout 400 comprises the electric resources 112 of the electrical network in the extremely single control area 402 of the physical connection such as charged electric automobile 200.Electric resources 112 becomes power grid operation merchant 404 available energy resources.

Exemplary layout 400 also comprises the terminal user 406 who is classified into the electric resources owner 408 and the electrically connecting position owner 410 (they can be or can not be same users).In fact, the stakeholder in the exemplary power lens system 100 comprises that Systems Operator, power grid operation merchant 404, Resource Owner 408 and the electric resources 112 at 102 places, current control center are connected to the owner of the position 410 of electrical network 114.

The electrically connecting position owner 410 can comprise:

Cabstand---taxi company is parked in their major part of fleet in this parking area usually.They can be bought the fleet of electronlmobil 200 and participate in power aggregation system 100, from fleet's automobile acquisition income of free time.

Public parking area---the parking stall owner can participate in power aggregation system 100, to obtain income from the electronlmobil of parking 200.Can provide to the owner and freely park or additional incentive exchanges power service is provided.

Control position is parked---and employer can participate in power aggregation system 100, obtains income with the electronlmobil 200 from the employee that berths.Can provide excitation to provide power service to the employee with exchange.

Dwelling house---only be required to be the family garage and be equipped with connection location module 210, can make the owner can participate in power aggregation system 100 and automobile acquisition income from berthing.And automobile batteries 202 in the automobile and the powered appliance that is associated can provide local standby power at peak load or outage.

Dwelling house neighbours---neighbours can participate in power aggregation system 100 and be equipped with the power transmission device (for example being disposed by house owner's cooperation group) that can obtain income from the electronlmobil 200 that berths.

The electric grid operating 116 of Fig. 4 totally comprises and the mutual of mutual, the power grid operation merchant 404 of energy market 412 and automatic power system controller 118 mutual of carrying out the automatic physics control of electrical network 114.

Current control center 102 also can be used to import weather forecast, incident, price and supply with the information generator 414 of (price feed) etc. and be connected.Other data source 414 comprises and can be used to the optimization system performance and satisfy system stakeholder, public database and legacy system data to the constraint of exemplary power lens system 100.

Therefore, exemplary power lens system 100 can be made of a plurality of assemblies, its:

. communicate by letter with image data with electric resources 112 and impel electric resources 112 charge/discharges.

Gather real-time energy prices;

Gather real-time resource statistics data;

The behavior of prediction electric resources 112 (state (such as battery charging state) when connectedness, position, connection/disconnection);

The behavior of prediction electrical network 114/ load;

For privacy and data security and to communication encryption;

The charging that impels electronlmobil 200 is to optimize some quality factor;

For a plurality of time points in future provide the guide of relevant load availability or assurance etc.

These assemblies can be gone up operation at single computational resource (computing machine etc.) or in distributed one group of resource (ground or the ground that do not coexist physically coexist).

The exemplary IPF system 100 that is in such layout 400 can provide many benefits: for example, Additional Services cheaply (being power service), the level of service that improves to fine granularity (the not only in time but also spatially) control of scheduling of resource, guaranteed reliability and level of service, by intelligent scheduling of resource, make the stable of intermittent power generation resource such as wind energy and solar electrical energy generation.

Exemplary power lens system 100 makes the electric resources 112 of power grid operation merchant 404 energy control linkages to the gathering of electrical network 114.Electric resources 112 can be used as electric resources, load or storage, and resource 112 can present the combination of these character.To the control of electric resources 112 are abilities of impelling aggregation power consumption from these resources 112, generating, energy storage.

Fig. 5 illustrates the role of a plurality of controles area 402 in the exemplary power lens system 100.Each electric resources 112 can be connected to the electrofocusing system 100 in the certain electric control area.The single instance at current control center 102 can be managed the electric resources 112 from a plurality of different control areas 501 (for example the control area 502,504 and 506).In one implementation, this function realizes by the subregion that the resource in the power aggregation system 100 is carried out in logic.For example, the control area that comprises any amount when control area 402---control area " A " 502, control area " B " 504 ... control area " n " 506 o'clock, power grid operation merchant 116 can comprise control corresponding district operator 508,510 ... and 512.Further be divided on the control area 402 shown in comprising with under the control control hierarchy structure of dividing grouping make power aggregation system 100 may be scalable to different magnitudes electrical network 114 and/or with the electric resources 112 of electrical network 114 bonded assembly varied number.

Fig. 6 illustrate use a plurality of central streams control center 102 and 102 ' the exemplary layout 600 of exemplary power lens system 100.Their relevant terminal users 406 and 406 of each current control center 102 and 102 ' have '.Dynamically distributing will be by the control area 402 of each particular instance management at current control center 102.For example, control area A 502 and control area B 504 can be managed in first-class control center 102, and the second current control center 102 ' management control area n 506.Similarly, control corresponding district operator (508,510 and 512) is by same current control center 102 services of their corresponding different control areas of service.

Exemplary flow-control server

Fig. 7 illustrates the exemplary servers 106 at current control center 102.Realization shown in Fig. 7 only is a kind of example arrangement as illustrative purposes.May exist within the scope of the invention the exemplary servers 106 that constitutes current control center 102 shown in assembly not even with many other arrangements of assembly.Such exemplary servers 106 and current control center 102 are carried out in the combination of available hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware.

Exemplary flow-control server 106 comprises the connection manager 702 that is used for communicating by letter with electric resources 112, can comprise study engine 706 and prediction engine 704, the constrained optimization device 710 of statistics engine 708 and the electrical network interaction manager 712 that is used for receiving power grid control signal 714.Power grid control signal 714 can comprise the generation control signal such as automation control Generation Control (AGC) signal.Flow-control server 106 also can comprise: data bank/information warehouse 716; The web server 718 that presents user interface to the electric resources owner 408, power grid operation merchant 404 and the electrically connecting position owner 410; Be used for consulting the contract administration device 720 of agreement terms with energy market 412; And information acquisition engine 414, be used for following the tracks of weather, related news incident etc., and from public and private data storehouse 722 download information for behavior, the monitoring energy prices of the many groups of prediction electric resources 112, consult contract etc.

The operation of exemplary fluidic control server

Connection manager 702 is safeguarded and the communication channel that is connected to each electric resources 112 of power aggregation system 100.That is, connection manager 702 allows each electric resources 112 logins and for example utilizes Internet protocol (IP) (if this network is internet 104) communication.In other words, electric resources 112 readjustments (call home).That is, in one implementation, they always start and being connected of server 106.This aspect makes exemplary IPF module 134 walk around problem work such as fireproof brickwork, IP addressing, reliability.

For example, when the electric resources such as electronlmobil 200 112 charged at family 124 places, IPF module 134 can connect the router that is connected to family by power transmission line.This router will distribute addresses (DHCP) to automobile 200, and automobile 200 can be connected to server 106 (not needing leak the fireproof brickwork from this direction).

Be terminated (comprising that server instance stops) if connect for any reason, then IPF module 134 is known and is adjusted back and be connected to next available server resource once more.

712 receptions of electrical network interaction manager and explanation are from the signal of the interface in power grid operation merchant 404 automation power grid control district 118.In one implementation, electrical network interaction manager 712 also produces the signal that will be sent to automation power system controller 118.The scope of the signal that sends depends on agreement or the contract between power grid operation merchant 404 and the exemplary power lens system 100.Under a kind of situation, electrical network interaction manager 712 sends relevant from electrical network 114 received powers or to the information of the availability of the gathering electric resources 112 of electrical network 114 power supplies.In another variant, contract can allow 712 pairs of automation power system controllers 118 of electrical network interaction manager to transmit control signal, and is limited by the built-in constraint of automation power system controller 118 with control electrical network 114, and is limited by the range of control that contract allows.

Data bank 716 can be stored all data relevant with power aggregation system 100, comprises energy measurement data, Resource Owner's preference, accounts information of electric resources daily record, electrical connection information, each automobile of electronlmobil 200 for example etc.

As mentioned above, web server 718 provides user interface to the stakeholder of system.Such user interface is mainly taken on the mechanism that is used for the information of transmitting to the user, but in some cases, and user interface is used for gathering data such as preference from the user.In one implementation, web server 718 can also start and the getting in touch of the electric resources owner 408 who participates in, with the offer of advertising renewal electric power.

Competitive bidding/contract administration device 720 and power grid operation merchant 404 and energy market 412 that they are associated are alternately to determine system availability, price, level of service etc.

As mentioned above, information acquisition engine 414 is communicated by letter with private data storehouse 722 with the operation relevant data of collection with power aggregation system 100 with public.

Prediction engine 704 can be used from the data of data warehouse 716 making the prediction of relevant electric resources behavior, such as electric resources 112 when with connection and disconnection, overall electric resources availability, system's electric load, energy prices etc. in real time.These predictions make power aggregation system 100 can more completely utilize the electric resources 112 that is connected to electrical network 114.For example, by the sample or the representative type behavior of learning a large amount of electric resources 112, the study engine is 706 traceable, record and handle actual electric resources behavior.Statistics engine 708 can apply to multiple possible probability statistics technology the resource behavior with its trend of mark and making a prediction.

In one implementation, prediction engine 704 is carried out prediction by collaborative filtering.Prediction engine 704 also can be carried out the prediction of one or more parameters of each user, comprises for example connecting time, charge condition and connection location when connecting duration, connection.For carrying out each user's prediction, prediction engine 704 can be utilized such as historical data, connecting time (week is several, the some months in which week, 1 year of one month, holiday etc.), charge condition, connection location etc. when connecting.In one implementation, can pass through recurrent neural network, dynamic Bayes's (Bayesian) network or other directed graphical model serial anticipation computing time.

Under a kind of situation, for from electrical network 114 open circuited users, charge condition, bonded assembly position (and can give its probability/possibility) when 704 measurable next bonded assembly times of prediction engine, connecting time.In case resource 112 connects, then connecting time, the charge condition when connecting and connection location become the further input to the refinement that connects duration prediction.These predictions help to guide the prediction of total system availability, and the cost function more accurately that is identified for resources allocation.

For each unique user sets up parameterized forecast model is not always scalable on time or space.Therefore, in one implementation, each user in the system 100 is not used a model respectively, but prediction engine 704 is set up a group model of reduction, each model in this reduction model group is used for predicting many users' behavior.In order how to determine similar user's grouping so that the foundation of model and distribution, system 100 can identify each user's feature, such as the uniqueness connection/open circuited number of times of every day, representative type connecting time, on average connect the average charge state etc. of duration, connecting time, and can set up customer group at full feature space or in some the reduction feature space that calculates by the reduction of the dimension such as principal component analysis, stochastic prediction etc. algorithm.In case prediction engine 704 is assigned to a group with the user, then be used to create the forecast model that will be used for to each user's of this group prediction from all users' of this group total data.In one implementation, group's allocator changes, with speed (less group), precision (than multigroup) or the two certain combination of optimization system 100.

This exemplary clustering technique has multiple benefit.At first, it can realize the model group of reducing, thereby realizes the model parameter of reduction, and this will reduce does computing time of predicting.It has also reduced the storage space of model parameter.Secondly, the characteristics (or feature) of new user by recognition system 100, these new users can be distributed to the similar existing customer group of characteristics, and can more promptly make relevant new user's more accurate prediction according to the cluster model that existing user's extensive data are set up, because it has utilized the historical performance of similar users.Certainly, as time goes by, each user can change their behavior, thereby can be assigned to and more meet newly trooping of their behavior.

The resource control signal of system restriction is satisfied in 710 combinations of constrained optimization device with generation from the information of prediction engine 704, data warehouse 716 and contract administration device 720.For example, but constrained optimization device 710 signaling electronlmobils 200 charge, also make after a while battery pack 202 discharges for uploading electric power by certain upload speed to electrical network 114 with specific charge rate to its battery pack 202: power delivery speed is optimized to meet tracked independent the connection and the disconnection behavior of certain electric electrical automobile 200 with timer-triggered scheduler, and is optimized to meet the daily electric power Supply and Demand " respiratory cycle " of electrical network 114.

In one implementation, constrained optimization device 710 converts power grid control signal 714 or information generator 414 in the automobile control signal to and plays an important role being taken on intermediary by connection manager 702.The control signal that will be mapped to each distinct electrical resource 112 in the system of being sent to 100 from the power grid control signal 714 of power grid operation merchant 404 or information generator 414 is examples of particular constraints optimization problem.

Each resource 112 has the soft or hard constraint that is associated.The example of resource constraint can comprise: possessory price sensitivity, vehicle charging state (if for example automobile 200 charges fully, then it can not participate in electrical network 114 loadings), up to resource 112 from system's 100 open circuited predicted time amounts, user to the sensivity of income and charge condition relation, the electricity restriction of resource 114, manual powered override of the Resource Owner 408 etc.Can use the cost that the constraint of specific resources 112 is distributed each specific action that activates resource.For example, almost do not have the cost that is associated with charging operations of resource of stored energy low in its memory system 202, but its generating operation cost is high.Predicted available ten hours complete electrically-charged resource 112 will than predicted will be in 15 minutes the generating operation cost of open circuited complete electrically-charged resource 112 lower, this expression passes to possessory negative consequences with incomplete electrically-charged resource.

Below be that the generating signal 714 that will comprise system operation level (for example-10 megawatt is to+10 megawatts, wherein+the representative load ,-representative generating) converts the automobile control signal to.It should be noted that because system 100 can measure the real power stream in each resource 112, so actual system operation level is known always.

In this example, suppose that the starter system operation level is 0 megawatt, then not having resource is movable (from the electrical network power taking or to the electrical network transmitting electric power), and the gathering service contract grade of next hour through consulting is ± 5 megawatts.

In this implementation, exemplary power lens system 100 is safeguarded the available resources 112 of three tabulations.First tabulation comprises and can be activated for electrically-charged resource 112 (load) according to priority.There is the resource 112 that sorts by priority for second tabulation of discharge (generating).Each resource 112 (for example, all resources 112 all can have the position two tabulations) in these tabulations has the cost that is associated.The priority orders directly related with cost (promptly tabulate and from the least cost to the tip heigh, sort) of tabulation.It is important that value at cost is distributed to each resource 112, because it makes two operations that will obtain similar results to compare with respect to system operation.For example, the charging (load, from the electrical network power taking) that increases a unit to system is equivalent to the generating of removing a unit.For carrying out any operation that increases or reduce system outlet, may have a plurality of Action Selection, and in one implementation, the operation of least cost is selected by system 100.The resource 112 of the 3rd tabulation comprises the resource with hard constraint.For example, its owner 408 override system 100 come the resource of forced charge will be placed in the 3rd the tabulation static resource on.

When the time " 1 ", power grid operation is consulted and request the operation level of asking and is changed to+2 megawatts.System activates charging from the individual resource of first " n " of this tabulation, and wherein " n " is the quantity that additional load is predicted to be the resource that equals 2 megawatts.After resource was activated, the result that monitoring activates was to determine the actual result of this action.If the above load of 2 megawatts is movable, then system will be according to opposite priority orders forbidding charging to remain on system operation in the dimension limit of contract appointment.

From the time " 1 " up to time " 2 ", institute's requested operation grade is held constant at 2 megawatts.Yet the behavior of some electric resources is not necessarily static.For example, can be full of (charge condition=100%) as some automobile 200 of the part of 2 megawatt system operations maybe can disconnect from system 100.Other automobile 200 can be connected to system 100 and require charging immediately.All these actions will cause the variation of the operation level of power aggregation system 100.Therefore, system 100 continues monitor system operation level and activation or inactive resource 112 so that operation level is remained in the dimension limit of contract appointment.

When the time " 2 ", power grid operation is consulted and request the operation level of asking and is reduced to-1 megawatt.System's consulting list of available resources also selects least cost group resource to realize the system operation level of-1 megawatt.Particularly, system moves the traversal priority list in order, thereby relatively starts charging and the electrically-charged cost of forbidding, and activates the resource of least cost in each time step.In case operation level reaches-1 megawatt, then system 100 continues monitoring practical operation level, thereby searches the deviation that may need to activate additional resource 112, so that operation level is remained in the dimension limit of contract appointment.

In one implementation, exemplary pricing mechanism obtains the presenting to determine charging or generating (automobile 200 is to electrical network 114) the limit influence to " carbon overlay area (carbon footprint) " of information of relevant real-time grid generating mixture, and wherein " carbon overlay area " system refers to the influence to fuel source and environment.Example system 100 also allows to optimize the weighted array of any cost metric or some cost metrics.System 100 can optimize quality factor, and it can comprise the combination etc. that for example maximizes economic value and minimize environmental concerns.

In one implementation, system 100 goes back use cost as time variable.For example,, system 100 charges if dispatching the battery pack of having discharged during time window on the horizon, system's 100 measurable its forecast cost overviews when it charges then, thus permission system 100 further optimizes adaptively.That is, in some cases, system 100 knows that it will obtain the generating resource of high power capacity in the specific following time.

A plurality of assemblies formations of flow-control server 106 have the dispatching system of following a plurality of function and assembly:

ο data gathering (gathering real time data and store historical data);

ο is by the prediction of prediction engine 704, and its input real time data, historical data etc. are also exported the Resource Availability forecast;

The optimization that ο sets up based on Resource Availability forecast, constraint, user preference, weather conditions etc. such as from power grid operation merchant 404 command signal.This optimization can take to optimize the form of the resource control plan of expecting tolerance.

Scheduling feature can be enabled a plurality of useful energy services, comprising:

The assistant service of ο such as quick respond services and quick adjustment;

ο is used for compensating energy unexpected, predictable or unexpected unbalanced power supply;

ο is to the response of conventional and unstable demand;

ο stablizes regenerative resource (for example replenishing wind-power electricity generation electric power).

Exemplary power lens system 100 is assembled and is controlled the load that many electronlmobils that charge/upload 200 are presented, so that the power service (additional source of energy service) such as adjusting and hot reserve to be provided.Therefore, might satisfy power grid operation merchant 404 allocating time (call time) requirement by a plurality of electric resources 112 that add up.For example, can forbid the running load of 12 5kW respectively so that the hot reserve of one hour 60kW to be provided.Yet if each load at most can be disabled 30 minutes, and minimum allocating time is two hours, can with load in series (one time three) forbidding so that two hours 15kW standby to be provided.Certainly, the more complicated staggered of each electric resources that is undertaken by power aggregation system 100 is possible.

For Utilities Electric Co.'s (or electrical power distribution entity) of needs maximization power distribution efficiency, Utilities Electric Co. need minimize reactive power flow.Usually, there is the several different methods be used for minimizing reactive power flow, comprises inducer or cond group are switched to the power factor of switching arrangement with the different piece that changes this system.In order to manage and control the support of this dynamic reactive volt-ampere (VAR) effectively, it must carry out according to the mode of location aware.In one implementation, power aggregation system 100 comprises the circuit of power factor correction that is placed in the electronlmobil 200 with exemplary remote IPF module 134, thereby allows such service.Particularly, electronlmobil 200 can have can with electronlmobil 200 whether at charging, transmitting electric power or the idle cond (or inducer) that irrespectively dynamically is connected to electrical network.This service can be sold to Utilities Electric Co. then so that the dynamic VAR of distribution level supports.The demand that power aggregation system 100 can sensing be supported the VAR of distribution mode can be utilized distributed remote I PF module 134 to take to provide the action that VAR supports again and need not power grid operation merchant 404 intervention.

Exemplary remote IPF module

Fig. 8 illustrates in greater detail the remote I PF module 134 of Fig. 1 and 2.Shown remote I PF module 134 only is a kind of example arrangement as illustrative purposes.May exist within the scope of the invention constitute exemplary remote IPF module 134 shown in assembly not even with many other arrangements of assembly.Some assembly that such exemplary remote IPF module 134 has some nextport hardware component NextPort and can carry out with the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc.

The example shown of remote I PF module 134 is represented by the realization that is fit to electronlmobil 200.Therefore, for purpose of description, some automotive system 800 is included as the part of exemplary remote IPF module 134.Yet in other was realized, remote I PF module 134 can be got rid of the assembly that partly or entirely is considered to remote I PF module 134 of automotive system 800.

Described automotive system 800 comprises vehicle computer and data-interface 802, the closed-centre system such as battery pack 202 and inverter/charger 804.Except that automotive system 800, remote I PF module 134 also comprises power of communications stream controller 806.Power of communications stream controller 806 comprises again: the AC power with from electrical network 114 such as the thepower line communication device is passed through some assembly of interface bonded assembly, for example ethernet bridge on the power transmission line 120; And electric current such as current sense transformer or current/voltage (electric power) sensor 808.

Power of communications stream controller 806 also comprises: ethernet and information processing assembly, such as treater 810 or microcontroller and ethernet medium Access Control (MAC) address 812 that is associated; Volatile random access memory 814; Nonvolatile memory 816 or data memory; Interface such as RS-232 interface 818 or CAN bus interface 820; Ethernet physical layer interface 822, it allows to pass through the network insertion means at MAC/ data link layer place and the wiring and the signaling of general addressing format according to the ethernet standard of Physical layer.Ethernet physical layer interface 822 is provided to electricity, machinery and the routine interface of transmission medium---promptly in one implementation, use the ethernet bridge 120 on the power transmission line.In a variant, wireless or other communication channel of use and internet 104 replaces the ethernet bridge 120 on the power transmission line.

Power of communications stream controller 806 comprises that also record comes and goes the bidirectional power flowmeter 824 of the power transmission of each electric resources 112 (being the battery pack 202 of electronlmobil 200 in the case).

Power of communications stream controller 806 is in electronlmobil 200 or other electric resources 112 or be connected to electronlmobil 200 or 112 work of other electric resources, assembles (for example by the wired or wireless communication interface) with the electric resources 112 that allows above introduction.These assemblies of more than enumerating change between can realizing in the difference of power of communications stream controller 806, but these realizations generally include:

Communication agency in the automobile that allows to communicate by letter with other motor vehicle assembly;

The mechanism that communicates by letter with current control center 102;

Processing element;

Data storage elements;

Power tester; And

Randomly, user interface.

The function that the realization of power of communications stream controller 806 can allow comprises:

When electric resources 112 connects, (be not connected to internet 104, or serve unavailable), the behavior of carrying out pre-programmed or acquiring;

The behavior overview of storage local cache is so that " roaming " connects (when charging in external system or when opening operation (not having the network connection) performed operation);

Allow the current system action of user's override; And

Metering power circuit information and buffer memory continuous data during off-line operation are so that transaction after a while.

Therefore, power of communications stream controller 806 comprise central process unit 810, be used in electronlmobil 200

communication interface

818 and 820, be used for the thepower line communication device the ethernet bridge 120 on electronlmobil 200 exterior power transmission lines of communicating by letter and be used to measure the power flowmeter 824 that flows into and flow out electronlmobil 200 by the bonded assembly AC of institute power transmission line 208.

The operation of exemplary remote IPF module

Continuation is with the representative of electronlmobil 200 as electric resources 112, during such electronlmobil 200 berthed and is connected to electrical network 114,134 initiations of remote I PF module were connected, register oneself and wait for the signal of regulating the power circuit of inflow or outflow electronlmobil 200 from the indication remote I PF module 134 of flow-control server 106 with flow-control server 106.These signals are communicated by letter with vehicle computer 802 by data-interface, and this data-interface can be any appropriate interface that comprises RS-232 interface 818 or CAN bus interface 820.Abide by the signal that receives from flow-control server 106, vehicle computer 802 control inverters/charger 804 comes 202 chargings of automobile batteries group or makes battery pack 202 discharges be uploaded to electrical network 114.

Remote I PF module 134 periodically is sent to flow-control server 106 with the relevant information that can flow.When electronlmobil 200 is connected to electrical network 114, if there is no to the communication path of flow-control server 106 (promptly this position is not correctly assembled or network failure occurred), then electronlmobil 200 can be followed off-line operation behavior pre-programmed or study, for example is stored as one group of instruction in the nonvolatile memory 816.Under these circumstances, also energy transaction can be buffered in the nonvolatile memory 816 so that be sent to flow-control server 106 after a while.

Be in the operating period that picture transports at electronlmobil 200, selected automobile service data is monitored, write down to remote I PF module 134 passively for analyzing after a while and consuming.When but communication channel becomes the time spent, remote I PF module 134 can be sent to these data flow-control server 106.

The exemplary power flowmeter

Power is the power consumption rate of per unit period.Power meter is shown in the electric weight that transmits during the special time period, so the unit of power is the energy of time per unit.Exemplary power flowmeter 824 is measured the power of given electric resources 112 on the bidirectional flows---promptly from electrical network 114 to electronlmobil 200 or from electronlmobil 200 to electrical network 114 power.In one implementation, though to the connection of server temporary transient interrupt or server itself unavailable, remote I PF module 134 also can be at local cache from the reading of power flowmeter 824 to guarantee the accurate transaction with central streams Control Server 106.

Other assembly of exemplary power flowmeter 824 and remote I PF module 134 makes exemplary power lens system 100 have the feature of system scope, comprising:

ο follows the trail of the energy and uses on the exclusive basis of electric resources;

ο power quality monitoring (check whether voltage, frequency etc. depart from its nominal operation value,, also might change resource power stream and help correct this problem) if like this then notify the power grid operation merchant;

ο is at the vehicle of energy utilization exclusive charging and transaction;

ο automobile charging (when the electric resources owner 408 is not the electrically connecting position owner 410 (promptly not being the metering account owner), supporting accurate billing).Can catch data from power flowmeter 824 at electronlmobil 200 places for charging;

ο is in charge position and intelligent meter integrated (bi-directional exchanges of information); And

ο disturbance rejection (for example when power flowmeter 824 is protected in the electric resources such as electronlmobil 200 112).

The mobile resources steady arm

Exemplary power lens system 100 also comprises the various technology of the electric network position that is used for definite automobile electric resources 112 such as charged electric automobile 200.Electronlmobil 200 can be connected to electrical network 114 in a plurality of positions, and can realize accurate control and transaction to energy exchange by the concrete understanding to charge position.

Be used for determining that some example technique of charging electric vehicle position comprises:

The unique identifier of (by wired, wireless etc.) inquiring position, it can be:

The unique ID of-battery-charging station place network hardware;

The unique ID of-intelligent meter installed by this locality that obtains with meter communications;

The special unique ID that installs for this purpose in-website place; And

Utilize GPS or other signal source (honeycomb, WiMAX etc.) to set up " soft " (geography of estimation) position, then based on user preference and historical data with its refinement (for example automobile tends in the charging of possessory dwelling house 124 places rather than neighbours' dwelling house place).

Fig. 9 illustrates the example technique of differentiating the physical location of electric resources 112 on electrical network 114 that is connected to exemplary power lens system 100.In one implementation, remote I PF module 134 obtains the local network modem of installing or medium Access Control (MAC) address 902 of router (internet access point) 302.Remote I PF module 134 is sent to flow-control server 106 with this unique MAC identifier then, and this flow-control server 106 utilizes this identifier to differentiate the position of electronlmobil 200.

For distinguishing its physical location, remote I PF module 134 also can be used MAC Address or other unique identifier that miscellaneous equipment in its vicinity physically is installed that can communicate by letter with remote I PF module 134 sometimes, and described miscellaneous equipment comprises " intelligence " ammeter 904, cable television box 906, based on the unit 908 of RFID or the exemplary ID unit 910 that can communicate by letter with remote I PF module 134.ID unit 910 has been described in Figure 10 in more detail.MAC Address 902 does not always provide the information relevant with the physical location of the hardware that is associated, and in one implementation, flow-control server 106 comprises the trace data storehouse of getting in touch 912 between the physical location of being associated of setting up MAC Address or other identifier and this hardware.In this way, no matter when mobile electric resources 112 is connected to electrical network 114, and remote I PF module 134 and flow-control server 106 all can be found out mobile electric resources 112.

Figure 10 illustrates another example technique of determining the physical location of mobile electric resources 112 on electrical network 114.Exemplary ID unit 910 can the charge position place or near insertion electrical network 114.The operation of ID unit 910 is as follows.New bonded assembly electric resources 112 is searched for locally-attached resource by broadcasting examination (ping) or message in the wireless receiving district.In one implementation, ID unit 910 response (1002) examination and the unique identifier 1004 of ID unit 910 sent back electric resources 112.The remote I PF module 134 of electric resources 112 is sent to flow-control server 106 with this unique identifier 1004 then, and this flow-control server 106 is determined the position of ID unit 910 and replaced the accurate or approximate network site (size that depends on the capture zone of ID unit 910) of electric resources 112 with it.

In another was realized, new bonded assembly electric resources 112 comprises the unique identifier 1006 of electric resources 112 by broadcasting examination or message were searched for locally-attached resource.In this implementation, ID unit 910 does not need to trust or reuse wireless connections, and do not answer the remote I PF module 134 of mobile electric resources 112, but directly answer (1008) flow-control server 106 with the unique identifier 1004 of oneself and the unique identifier 1006 of the electric resources 112 that in ping messages, receives.Central streams Control Server 106 makes the unique identifier 1006 of mobile electric resources 112 be associated with status of ' connected ' then, and other unique identifier 1004 of use ID unit 910 is determined or the physical location of approximate electric resources 112.If specific I D unit 910 only is associated with an accurate network site, then this physical location not necessarily is similar to.Remote I PF module 134 knows that after the affirmation of receiving current control center 106 this examination is successful.

Under the situation of communication path between electric resources 112 and the flow-control server 106 by wireless connections (itself can not determine the network site exactly), so exemplary ID unit 910 is particularly useful therein.

Figure 11 illustrates another illustrative methods 1100 and the system 1102 that determines the physical location of mobile electric resources 112 on electrical network 114.Therein under the situation that electric resources 112 and flow-control server 106 communicate by the wireless signaling scheme, still be desirably in and determine the physical connection position during electrical network 114 is connected.

Wireless network (for example GSM, 802.11, WiMax) comprises the many honeycombs or the launch tower that send unique identifier respectively.In addition, launch tower and the Joint strenght that is connected between the mobile client of launch tower are the functions that client arrives the degree of closeness of launch tower.When electronlmobil 200 was connected to electrical network 114, remote I PF module 134 can be gathered the unique identifier of available transmission tower, and set up the relation between these identifiers and each bonded assembly signal strength, as shown in data bank 1104.The remote I PF module 134 of electric resources 112 is sent to flow-control server 106 with this information, wherein this information and the combination of the take off data such as data bank 1106 is so that position inference engines 1108 can triangulate or infer the physical location of bonded assembly electronlmobil 200.In another was realized, IPF module 134 can use signal strength readings directly to differentiate resource location, and IPF module 134 sends location information replacement signal strength information in this case.

Therefore, illustrative methods 1100 comprises: acquired signal strength information (1110); The signal strength information of being gathered is sent to flow-control server 106 (1112); And the signal deduction physical location (1114) that utilizes the launch tower location information of being stored and gathered from electric resources 112.

Figure 12 illustrates method 1200 and the system 1202 that is used to determine from the signal of global positioning satellite (GPS) system the physical location of mobile electric resources 112 on electrical network 114.Utilize GPS to make remote I PF module 134 differentiate its physical location on electrical network in inaccurate mode.To be sent to flow-control server 106 from the noisy location information of GPS, this flow-control server 106 is used this location information to infer the position of electric resources 112 with metrical information data bank 1204.

Illustrative methods 1200 comprises: gather noisy position data (1206); The noisy position data of being gathered is sent to flow-control server 106 (1208); And utilization metrical information of being stored and the inferred from input data position (1210) of being gathered.

Exemplary method of commerce and other function

Exemplary power aggregation system 100 is supported following function and mutual:

1. set up (setup)---power aggregation system 100 is created contract by web server 718 and contract administration device 720 and/or is submitted a tender in opening the markets to obtain the power service contract outside system.System 100 resolves into concrete electricity needs based on power grid operation merchant 404 assignment with these requests then, and by a kind of in the some kinds of communication technologys these demands is sent to the vehicle owner 408.

2. carry---electrical network interaction manager 712 is accepted real-time grid control signal 714 by the electric power load transfer device from power grid operation merchant 404, and by carrying power service to reply these signals 714 from institute's bonded assembly electronlmobil 200 to electrical network 114.

3. report---after electric power conveying incident was finished, transaction manager can be reported the power service that is stored in the data bank 716 transaction.The accounting management device resolves into concrete credit or debit charging transaction with these requests.These transaction can be sent to the charge system of power grid operation merchant Utilities Electric Co. for the account reconciliation.Also can use these to conclude the business direct payment Resource Owner 408.

In one implementation, mounted remote IPF module 134 can comprise the contact manager that is used for receiving the offer that power service is provided, and they is shown to the user and allows these offers of user answer.Sometimes can be mutual by the 718 bonded assembly electric resources owners, the 408 such advertisements of execution of web server or the contract of general and flow-control server 106.

In the exemplary model of management based on the load of automobile or storage, exemplary power aggregation system 100 is as the intermediary between the vehicle owner 408 (individual, fleet etc.) and the power grid operation merchant 404 (autonomous system operator (ISO), regional transit carrier (RTO), Utilities Electric Co. etc.).

The load and the store electricity resource 112 that are presented by single charged electric automobile 200 are not that ISO or Utilities Electric Co. consider directly actuated enough important resource.But, by many electronlmobils 200 being brought together, managing their load behavior and deriving simple control interface, power aggregation system 100 provides the 404 valuable services to the power grid operation merchant.

Similarly, the vehicle owner 408 is participating in remarkable and be not subjected to encouraging the participation that may have no interest under the situation about doing so.Come the creation of value by the management of assembling, power aggregation system 100 can provide the excitation of the forms such as paying cost of payment, reduction to the vehicle owner.Power aggregation system 100 can also make vehicle charging and upload power automation and almost completely seamless to the vehicle owner 408 to electrical network 114, thereby makes participation pleasant.

Place electronlmobil 200 by the remote I PF module 134 that can measure the power quality attribute, power aggregation system 100 has been realized the large-scale distributed sensor network of distributing net 114.Power aggregation system 100 measurable power quality attributes comprise frequency, voltage, power factor, harmonic wave etc.Then, utilize the communications infrastructure of power aggregation system 100, comprise remote I PF module 134, the data in real time report that this can be sensed is to the flow-control server 106 of assembling information.And, this information can be submitted to Utilities Electric Co., perhaps power aggregation system 100 can be uploaded behavior, change of load power factor etc. by vehicle charging/electric power of controlling many electronlmobils 200 and directly proofread and correct undesirable electric network state.

Exemplary electrical network lens system 100 also can be home/business uninterrupted power supply (ups) Unity or standby power (comprising interconnection island effect circuit) is provided.In one implementation, power aggregation system 100 allows electric resources 112 that the electric power of its battery is outputed to family (or enterprise) with to the part or all of power supply in family's load.Can be with specific load configuration for during the grid power blackout incident, keeping the critical loads of " opening ".Under such situation, management dwelling house 124 is important from the island effect of electrical network 114.Such system can comprise the anti-island effect circuit (further describe hereinafter and be the intelligent breaker case) that can communicate by letter with electronlmobil 200.Whether the communication capacity of remote I PF module 134 allows electronlmobil 200 to know to power safety, wherein " safely " be defined as " so because the line circuit breaker of family is in off-state be safe " to the power transmission line workman.If grid power descends, then the intelligent breaker case disconnects from electrical network, gets in touch local any electronlmobil 200 or other electric resources 112 that participates in then, and asks them to begin power supply.When grid power recovered, the intelligent breaker case was closed local power supply and is reconnected.

(when the vehicle owner 408 is not same man-hour with the gauging table account owner 410) charges for moving, the accounting management device need during electronlmobil recharges, judge two important aspect: who has this vehicle, and who has the metering account of the facility that is recharging.When the vehicle owner 408 is not the metering account owner 410, there are some selections:

1. the gauging table owner 410 can give free charging.

2. the vehicle owner 408 can electrically-charged the time, pay (by credit card, account etc.).

3. can settle accounts automatically and set up good account in advance.

Under the situation of the supervision that does not have power aggregation system 100, the stealing service may occur.Under the situation of automatically account clearing, when power aggregation system 100 charges in the position of needs payment by vehicle ID and position ID and by electronlmobil 200 is write down in the exemplary metering of the energy stream of the band time note that enters/flows out this vehicle.In these cases, the vehicle owner 408 employed energy are chargeed, and this portion of energy does not charge to the metering account owner 410 (thereby having avoided dual charging) of facility.Accounting management device and the Utilities Electric Co. that carries out automatic account clearing can be integrated, maybe can implement these as independently debit/credit system.

Can be battery-charging station (free or charge) user interface that presents useful information to the user is installed.Particularly, by collecting the information of relevant electrical network 114, vehicle-state and user preference, this website can present such as current electricity price, estimate to recharge expense, the estimated time before recharging, upload the estimation remuneration (amount to or per hour) of electric power etc. to electrical network 114.Information acquisition engine 414 and electronlmobil 20, public and/or private data network 722 are communicated by letter to be captured in employed data in this information of calculating.

Exemplary power lens system 100 also provides other characteristic for the electric resources owner's 408 (such as the vehicle owner) interests:

As the repayment of this system of participation, the vehicle owner can obtain to be used for the free electricity consumption of vehicle charging;

The vehicle owner can reduce charging cost by avoiding the peak period rate;

The vehicle owner can obtain the remuneration based on their actual energy that automobile provided service;

The vehicle owner can obtain to participate in the indulgence of this system.

Between example power aggregation system 100 and power grid operation merchant 404, also there is characteristic:

Can obtain administration free (it can be some function of the service that provides) as the power aggregation system 100 of electric resources collector by power grid operation merchant payment;

Can sell in the electricity market 412 as the power aggregation system 100 of electric resources collector;

Power grid operation merchant 404 can be power aggregation system 100 and pays, but oneself runs power aggregation system 100.

Exemplary safety and long-distance intelligent island effect

Exemplary power lens system 100 can comprise and is used to method and the assembly realizing safety rate and activate discharge operation safely.For example, the exemplary power lens system 100 intelligent island effect equipment that can use vehicle-mounted line sensor and be installed in ad-hoc location.Therefore, power aggregation system 100 has realized that safe automobile is to electric grid operating.In addition, power aggregation system 100 has been realized the automatic synchronization of resource under the standby power situation.

In one implementation, if remote I PF module 134 sensings less than line power from electrical network 114, the electronlmobil 200 that then comprises remote I PF module 134 stops automobile and uploads to the electric power of electrical network.Stop electric power and upload and can prevent to make may not open circuited electric wire charged, or make power transmission line 206 Under Repair charged, or the like.Yet this also utilizes this electronlmobil 200 that standby power is provided when being not precluded within grid power blackout, because safety device described below will be guaranteed can not produce island state.

The additional intelligence island effect equipment of installing at the charge position place can communicate by letter with the remote I PF module 134 of electronlmobil 200, the activation of the electric power of electrical network 114 being uploaded with coordination when the grid power blackout.A specific implementation of this technology is that vehicle is to family's stand-by power supply ability.

Figure 13 shows in the example safety device of vehicle under family's situation, wherein uses electric resources 112 to a load or one group of electric (just as at home).Box of the circuit breaker 1300 is connected to electric gauging table 1302.When electric resources 112 when electrical network (or local load) is transmitted electricity, for safety should avoid island state.Electric resources 112 should not make line's man it has been generally acknowledged that uncharged circuit is charged when having a power failure.

Local intelligent grid cut-out switch (switch) the 1304 sensing electric power circuits of installing are to detect the power failure situation and to work in coordination with electric resources 112 and realize the power delivery of automobile to family.Under situation about having a power failure, intelligent grid cut-out switch 1304 disconnects circuit breaker 1306 from electrical network 114, and communicates by letter with the service of beginning CAPACITY IN ELECTRICITY with electric resources 112.When power service was recovered operation, intelligent grid cut-out switch 1304 was communicated by letter with electric resources 112 and is reconnected to electrical network 114 with the disable standby service and with circuit breaker.

Figure 14 shows the example safety device when the power supply of 112 pairs of families of a plurality of electric resources.In the case, intelligent grid cut-out switch 1304 is cooperated with all bonded assembly electric resources 112.An electric resources 112 is considered to be used for producing " master " resource 1400 of reference signal 1402, and another electric resources be considered to " from " resource 1404 and follow main 1400 benchmark.Under the situation that primary resource 1400 disappears from network, intelligent grid cut-out switch 1304 is assigned as benchmark/primary resource 1400 with another from resource 1404.

Figure 15 illustrates in greater detail the intelligent grid cut-out switch 1304 of Figure 13 and 14.In one implementation, this intelligent grid cut-out switch 1304 comprise treater 1502, with the communicator 1504 of bonded assembly electric resources 112 coupling, can the sensing internal wiring and the voltage sensor 1506 of the alternating current circuit of Utilities Electric Co.'s side, the battery charger 1510 that is used for the battery 1508 of during the power failure situation, working and is used to keep the charging level of battery 1508.Controlled circuit breaker or relay 1512 switch between the electric power that grid power and electric resources provide by treater 1502 signalings the time.

The example user experience options

Exemplary power aggregation system 100 can be realized the user personality of a plurality of expectations:

Data gathering can comprise driving distance and electricity and non-electric fuel utilization, to allow derivation and the analysis (according to energy, expenditure, environmental concerns etc.) to overall vehicle efficiency.These data are exported to flow-control server 106 and are used to store 716, and are used to be presented at vehicle-mounted user interface, battery-charging station user interface and web/ cellular telephone subscribers interface.

Intelligent charge study vehicle behavior also changes the charging sequential automatically.But the vehicle owner 408 is override and request charging immediately when needed.

Illustrative methods

Figure 16 shows the illustrative methods 1600 of power aggregation.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 1600 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary power lens system 100.

At frame 1602, communicate by letter with each foundation in a plurality of electric resources that are connected to electrical network.For example, central streams control service can be managed with a plurality of intermittences of mobile electronlmobil and be connected, and each electronlmobil can be connected to electrical network at the diverse location place.When automobile was connected to electrical network, the mounted remote agency was connected to the internet with each automobile.

At frame 1604, respectively to the electric resources signaling with from electrical network to its power supply or from its power taking.

Figure 17 controls the diagram of circuit of electric resources for the illustrative methods of power aggregation communicatedly.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 1700 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary intelligent power stream (IPF) module 134.

At frame 1702, between electric resources and the service that is used to assemble electric power, set up and communicate by letter.

At frame 1704, the information that will be associated with electric resources is sent to service.

At frame 1706, receive to the control signal of small part based on this information from service.

At frame 1708, the control resource for example comes promptly to be used for accumulate to mains supply or from the electrical network power taking.

At frame 1710, measure the bidirectional power flow of electric equipment, and used as a part that is sent to the information that is associated with electric resources of service at frame 1704.

Figure 18 is the diagram of circuit of illustrative methods of the bidirectional power of metering electric resources.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 1800 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary power flowmeter 824.

At frame 1802, measure the transfer of energy between electric resources and the electrical network two-wayly.

At frame 1804, result of a measurement is sent to service, this service is assembled electric power based on described result of a measurement.

Figure 19 is the diagram of circuit of illustrative methods of determining the electrical network position of electric resources.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 1900 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary power lens system 100.

At frame 1902, determine physical location information.Can be according to the source such as gps signal or according to the relative intensity of honeycomb launch tower signal of their positions of the indication physical location information of deriving.Perhaps, accord with and find the position that is associated with this unique identifier this physical location information of deriving with near equipment associated unique identification by receiving.

At frame 1904, determine the bonded assembly electric network position of electric resources for example or it and electrical network according to this physical location information.

Figure 20 is the diagram of circuit of the illustrative methods of scheduling power aggregation.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 2000 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary fluidic control server 106.

At frame 2002, input and single electric resources constraints associated.

At frame 2004, based on input constraint scheduling power aggregation.

Figure 21 is the diagram of circuit of the illustrative methods of intelligent island effect.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 2100 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary power lens system 100.

At frame 2102, sense power failure.

At frame 2104, set up local the connection---with the network of electrical network isolation.

At frame 2106, the local energy storage resource of signaling connects power supply to this locality.

Figure 22 is a diagram of circuit of expanding the illustrative methods of the user interface that is used for power aggregation.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 2200 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary power lens system 100.

At frame 2202, user interface is associated with electric resources.User interface can be shown among the electric resources such as the electronlmobil that comprises closed-centre system, on or near, or user interface can be presented at such as cellular phone or portable computer with electric resources owner associated device on.

At frame 2204, by this user interface input power aggregation preference and constraint.In other words, the user is by the participation of this user interface may command electric resources under the power aggregation situation.Perhaps, the characteristic of this type of participation of user's may command.

Figure 23 is the diagram of circuit that obtains and keep the possessory illustrative methods of electronlmobil vehicle in the power aggregation system.In this diagram of circuit, be each frame with operational overview.This illustrative methods 2300 can be passed through the combination of hardware, software or hardware, software, firmware etc., for example realizes by the assembly of exemplary power lens system 100.

At frame 2302, the electronlmobil vehicle owner is recruited in the power aggregation system as distributed electric resources.

At frame 2304, provide excitation to each vehicle owner who participates in power aggregation system.

At frame 2306, the continuous service of the repetition of power aggregation system is repeated compensation.

Conclusion

Though with the special-purpose language description of architectural feature and/or method action example system and method, be to be understood that in the present invention defined in the appended claims not necessarily to be subject to described concrete feature and action.Or rather, disclosed concrete feature and action are the exemplary form as the method that realizes institute's statement of requirement protection, equipment, system etc.

Claims

1. method comprises:

Establish a communications link with in a plurality of electric resources that are connected to electrical network each; And

Individually the described electric resources of signaling is to described mains supply, disposable load, accumulate or generating capacity from described electrical network power taking or definite electric resources.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described electric resources comprises closed-centre system.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, individually each electric resources of signaling is based in part on the metering of the power circuit between described electric resources and the described electrical network.

4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described metering on each electric resources or near carry out.

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Determine the electric network position of each electric resources; And

Part is based on described electric network position each electric resources of signaling individually.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises based on each the described electric resources scheduling power circuit that is optimized for to some constraint at least of institute's bonded assembly electric resources.

7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises based on described scheduling through optimizing power grid control signal or the information translation that collects are become the resource control signal.

8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described electric resources is included in the mobile electric resources that the diverse location place is connected to described electrical network off and on.

9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described mobile electric resources comprises the electronlmobil that can be connected to described electrical network.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described signaling comprise individually guide described electric resources with exclusive time of each electric resources and speed to described mains supply or from described electrical network power taking.

11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Receive the power grid control signal or receive the information collect from information generator from the power grid operation merchant;

The gathering of dispatching described electric resources is to alleviate the electrical network situation by described power grid control signal or the described information indication that collects; And

As the institute predictably to as described in the power grid operation merchant provide as described in gathering.

12. method as claimed in claim 11 comprises that also signing contract with described power grid operation merchant exchanges described compensation to carry out described gathering.

13. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Predict trend in available indivedual electric resources, the available gathering electric resources and each user's trend, comprise the resource charge condition (SOC) that connects duration, connecting time, turnoff time, connection location and connecting when; And

Make the described small part ground that is focused to based on the trend of being predicted.

14. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, predicts the behavior of described trend based on the described a plurality of electric resources of study.

15. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described prediction changes with the past data of relevant available gathering electric resources is related based on the future event with expection at least in part.

16. a system comprises:

Server, it is communicated by letter with in a plurality of electric resources that are connected to electrical network each; And

Connection manager, it is described electric resources of signaling and described electrical network Change Power individually.

17. system as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, described electric resources comprises the power storage system of electronlmobil, and each electronlmobil is connected to described electrical network off and at the diverse location place.

18. system as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, also comprise the constrained optimization device, it assembles described exchange of electric power according to contract or automation power system controller parameter optimization selected or that apply between the handler of the handler of the electric resources owner, power grid operation merchant, the physical condition of described electrical network, described server and described electrical network.

19. system as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, also comprise prediction engine, its study, infer or predict the trend of described electric resources, the electric resources owner, the electrically connecting position owner, power grid operation merchant or automation power system controller, the gathering of wherein said exchange of electric power be optimized to small part based on described trend.

20. system as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, also comprises the contract administration device, it sets up the agreement of assembling exchange of electric power between the handler of described server and power supply operator.

21. a system comprises:

Be used for by the network device of signaling electric resources individually, wherein each electric resources is connected to described electrical network off and in different positions; And

Be used for by in response to dynamically assembling the device that flows into and flow out the power of described electric resources by the signaling of the state of the described electrical network of power grid control signal institute signaling.