CN101667808B - Control system for multiphase rotary electric machines - Google Patents

Abstract

A control system for multiphase rotary electric machines is provided. The control system carries out control of the output of a multiphase rotary electric machine by operating switching elements of an inverter, so that more appropriate measure can be taken when malfunction has occurred in the inverter. A rotary shaft of an internal combustion engine, a rotary shaft of a generator and a rotary shaft of a motor are linked through a torque-splitting mechanism. The control system carries out failsafe processes, at the occurrence of short circuit in a switching element of the inverter, to control load torque of the generator so as to prevent rotation of a rotary shaft of the internal combustion engine in a non-operative state, which rotation is induced by a motive force of the motor.

Description

The control system of polyphase rotating machine

The application is dividing an application of the application number 200710100875.9 of on April 20th, 2007 application, application that name is called " control system of polyphase rotating machine ".

The reference of related application

The application requires respectively on April 20th, 2006 and the 2006-116602 of Japanese patent application formerly of 20 applications October in 2006 and the priority of 2006-286739, and the explanation of these two applications is incorporated into as a reference at this.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of control system of polyphase rotating machine, control the output of polyphase rotating machine through the switch element in the operate inverter.

Background technology

In known control system, control the output torque of three phase electric machine through the switch element in the operate inverter.Inverter in this control system has three arms, and these three arms are used for making three mutually each of three phase electric machine and the anode or the negative terminal conducting of supply voltage.In the control of being carried out by this system, the switch element of any arm is short-circuited and all possibly makes electric current flow through this arm in the inverter, thus the risk that causes torque ripple or inverter calorific capacity to increase.

The open NO.6-319263 of Japanese patent application pending trial has proposed a kind of like this system, and this system has the device of the electric current that is used to detect each arm that flows through inverter.This system can confirm that the switch element in any arm of inverter is short-circuited.This patent documentation also advises between inverter and power supply, breaker circuit being provided, thereby the electric current that when being short-circuited, can cut off between inverter and the power supply flows.

Conventional system mentioned above has breaker circuit, and said breaker circuit is used to avoid the torque ripple that caused by short circuit and the problem of heating.Yet, provide this breaker circuit may increase the size of components number and inverter circuit with can not be ignored.

Recently, a kind of system to composite locomotive has obtained practical application.In this system, the rotating shaft of three phase electric machine and threephase generator is connected to the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine through moment of torsion division mechanism.This system is suitable for when stopping internal combustion engine through inverter being operated the output torque of controlling three phase electric machine, and is suitable for making locomotive to utilize this output torque and goes.In addition, when internal combustion engine in when work, this system is suitable for operate inverter with the control quantity of power that threephase generator was produced.

Equally, in the superincumbent system, the problem that be short-circuited in any arm in the inverter of the threephase generator torque ripple that all possibly cause generator and inverter calorific capacity increase.In addition, when being sent to rotating shaft to the moment of torsion of generator and motor through moment of torsion division mechanism, the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine even when internal combustion engine stops, also can rotating, thus cause power delivery system that the risk of vibration takes place.In addition, when being short-circuited in any arm of the inverter of three phase electric machine, possibly expect that carrying out limp-home (limp home) through the output torque that uses internal combustion engine as actuating force handles.Yet the generation of short circuit may be introduced load torque to three phase electric machine, is sent to the driving wheel difficulty that becomes to the output torque of internal combustion engine thereby make suitably.

Above-mentioned classical control system is not taken measures to the related problem of composite locomotive system.

Summary of the invention

The present invention considers the problem that preceding text propose, and its objective is the control system that a kind of polyphase rotating machine is provided, and wherein controls the output of polyphase rotating machine through the switch element of operate inverter.Particularly, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of control system of polyphase rotating machine, it can more suitably handle the fault of inverter.

In order to realize top purpose; One side of the present invention provides a kind of device of moment of torsion of the rotating shaft that is used to control first electric rotating machine; The rotating shaft of first electric rotating machine links to each other with the rotating shaft of second electric rotating machine and the rotor axis mechanical ground of internal combustion engine through moment of torsion division mechanism; Said moment of torsion divides mechanism and will divide to first and second electric rotating machines from internal-combustion torque, and first electric rotating machine is formed polyphase rotating machine.Said device comprises: inverter is used to control the moment of torsion of the rotating shaft of first electric rotating machine; Confirm assembly, be used to determine whether to satisfy condition that said condition is defined as that said inverter breaks down and said internal combustion engine is in non-operating state; And limiter assembly; When said definite assembly is confirmed to satisfy said condition; Said limiter assembly is through operating the rotation status with the rotating shaft of limit engine to the driving condition of first electric rotating machine, wherein said rotation status be cause by second motor and shift from second electric rotating machine through said moment of torsion division mechanism.

In above-mentioned configuration, the fault in the said inverter does not allow the moment of torsion of said polyphase rotating machine (i.e. first electric rotating machine) is carried out suitable control.Particularly, in this case, when said electric rotating machine was operated, power (moment of torsion of rotating shaft) was sent to the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine through moment of torsion division mechanism.Therefore, even when said internal combustion engine inoperation, its rotating shaft also can be rotated.Aspect this, configuration mentioned above can limit the rotation of rotating shaft through the electric conditional operation (error protection when for example inverter breaks down is handled) of carrying out polyphase rotating machine.Therefore, the inverter fault of said polyphase rotating machine can suitably prevent to occur in the dynamic transfer system for example the shortcoming of vibration.

Preferably, said limiter assembly is configured to: limit the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine according to the rotation status of the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine, make its can not fall into greater than zero and the range of speeds less than said idling of IC engine rotating speed in.

Above-mentioned configuration can prevent the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine fall into rotating speed greater than zero and scope less than idler revolutions in.The rotating speed that therefore, can suitably prevent the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine becomes the rotating speed that should not occur under the normal operating condition.

Preferably; Said internal combustion engine is provided with the flywheel that is used to suppress its vibration; And said limiter assembly is configured to the rotating speed of said internal combustion engine rotating shaft is limited, thus prevent said rotating speed be in the corresponding range of speeds of the resonance frequency of flywheel in.

Above-mentioned configuration can prevent the rotating speed of said internal combustion engine rotating shaft fall into the corresponding range of speeds of said resonance frequency in.Therefore can suitably be suppressed at the vibration that causes in the said system.

Preferably, said limiter assembly is configured to: the moment of torsion of the rotating shaft of first electric rotating machine is configured such that the moment of torsion that the internal combustion engine rotating shaft is stopped the rotation.

Above-mentioned configuration can be controlled the moment of torsion of the rotating shaft of said polyphase rotating machine, so that the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine is stopped the rotation.Therefore can suitably avoid following the shortcoming of the rotation of said internal combustion engine rotating shaft.

Preferably, said limiter assembly is configured to: the switch element through to said inverter carries out the rotating speed that switching manipulation limits the rotating shaft of said internal combustion engine.

The operation of above-mentioned configuration using inverter switch element and realized above-mentioned restriction, thus can carry out the continuity that keep the electric current in the said polyphase rotating machine when error protection is handled.Therefore, can suitably avoid because the electric current in the said polyphase rotating machine is forced to make zero and the generation of the arc current that possibly cause.

On the other hand; The invention provides a kind of control system; Through the open/close state of inverter being operated the output of controlling polyphase rotating machine; Said inverter comprises a plurality of phase arms, and each phase arm all comprises a plurality of switch elements that can be switched on respectively/break off, and said system comprises: confirm assembly; Be used to determine whether to satisfy condition, any switch element that said condition is defined as any phase causes that short circuit and said polyphase rotating machine are to rotate greater than the speed of predetermined speed; And control assembly; Be used for when said definite assembly is confirmed to satisfy said condition; Carry out control so that all other switch elements are in on-state, said other switch element belongs to the phase arm that is not short-circuited and links to each other with the electric pathway that switch element was connected of failed because.

Above configuration allow: when said rotating speed is equal to or greater than preset speed,, be short-circuited in mutually at all through the inverter input that links to each other with the switch element of short circuit.Therefore, the electric current that flows through said polyphase rotating machine becomes because of the mobile electric current of back electromotive force.In this case, said back electromotive force in fact with said electric current quadrature.As a result, the value that can prevent to flow through the electric current of said polyphase rotating machine becomes big, can prevent that the absolute value of the moment of torsion of said polyphase rotating machine from becoming big, and can prevent that said moment of torsion from producing fluctuation.

On the other hand; The invention provides a kind of control device, through the open/close state of inverter is operated the output of controlling polyphase rotating machine, said inverter comprises a plurality of phase arms; Each phase arm all comprises a plurality of switch elements that can be switched on respectively/break off; Said device comprises: confirm assembly, be used to determine whether to satisfy condition that any switch element that said condition is defined as any phase arm causes short trouble; And control assembly; Be used for when said definite assembly is confirmed to satisfy said condition; Carry out control so that all other switch elements are in on-state, said other switch element belongs to the phase that is not short-circuited and links to each other with the electric pathway that switch element was connected of failed because.

When in switch element, breaking down, above-mentioned configuration can suitably prevent the output torque of said polyphase rotating machine or flow through the electrorheological of said polyphase rotating machine too much.

On the other hand; The invention provides a kind of control device, through the open/close state of inverter is operated the output of controlling polyphase rotating machine, said inverter comprises a plurality of phase arms; Each phase arm all comprises a plurality of switch elements that can be switched on respectively/break off; Said device comprises: conductive devices, be connected electrically between said polyphase rotating machine and the said inverter, and optionally conducting or not conducting of between; Confirm assembly, determine whether to satisfy condition that any switch element that said condition is defined as any phase arm causes short trouble; And control assembly, be used for when said definite assembly is confirmed to satisfy said condition, control said conductive devices and get into nonconducting state.

When confirming to break down, above-mentioned configuration is cutting off between said polyphase rotating machine and the said inverter, makes between the phase of said polyphase rotating machine to isolate.Therefore the electric current that flows through said polyphase rotating machine is made zero, thereby moment of torsion is made zero basically.

On the other hand; The invention provides a kind of device that is used to control the moment of torsion of polyphase machine rotating shaft; The rotating shaft of said polyphase machine links to each other with the rotating shaft of electric rotating machine and the rotor axis mechanical of internal combustion engine through moment of torsion division mechanism; Said moment of torsion divides mechanism and will divide to said polyphase machine and said electric rotating machine from said internal-combustion torque, and said device comprises: confirm assembly, be used for confirming whether inverter causes fault; And limiter assembly, be used for when said definite assembly is confirmed to cause fault, through the electricity condition of said polyphase machine being operated the load torque that limits said polyphase machine.

When breaking down in the said inverter, can not the output of said polyphase machine be controlled to be the rank of expectation, this possibly make the output torque of said polyphase machine become load torque.In this case, be difficult to obtain required actuating force.Aspect this, above-mentioned configuration can limit the load torque of said polyphase machine to alleviate this problem.

Description of drawings

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows the sketch map according to a general configuration of the composite locomotive system of first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 shows the sketch map according to the configuration that comprises generator, inverter and microcomputer of first embodiment;

Fig. 3 shows the functional block diagram according to the process in the microcomputer of first embodiment;

Fig. 4 A and 4B show generator according to first embodiment electric current and moment of torsion in normal running the time diagram that changes take place;

Fig. 5 A and 5B show the electric current of generator under single-phase short circuit control and the time diagram of moment of torsion generation transformation according to first embodiment;

Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of three-phase shortcircuit control model;

Fig. 7 A and 7B show the electric current of generator under three-phase shortcircuit control and the time diagram of moment of torsion generation transformation according to first embodiment;

Fig. 8 A and 8B show the relation of three-phase shortcircuit control medium speed and electric current and moment of torsion;

Fig. 9 is according to first embodiment, the nomogram (alignment diagram) that the relation between generator, internal combustion engine and the rotating speed of motor is provided with;

Figure 10 shows the diagram in the relation between rotating speed and the load under single-phase and the three-phase shortcircuit control;

Figure 11 shows the time diagram according to the two phase modulating modes of first embodiment;

Figure 12 shows according to first embodiment, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when short circuit occurring;

Figure 13 shows the flow chart of two phase modulation treatment processes in the error protection processing shown in Figure 12;

Figure 14 shows according to second embodiment of the invention, comprises the sketch map of the configuration of generator, inverter and microcomputer;

Figure 15 shows according to second embodiment, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when being short-circuited;

Figure 16 shows according to third embodiment of the invention, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when being short-circuited;

Figure 17 shows the nomogram of the problem relevant with fourth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 18 shows the diagram according to the switching mode in the error protection processing of the 4th embodiment;

Figure 19 shows according to the 4th embodiment, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when being short-circuited;

Figure 20 shows the sketch map according to the configuration that comprises generator, inverter and microcomputer of fifth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 21 is the diagram of the switching mode in handling according to the error protection of the 5th embodiment;

Figure 22 shows according to the 5th embodiment, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when being short-circuited;

Figure 23 shows the sketch map according to the configuration that comprises generator, inverter and microcomputer of sixth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 24 is the sketch map according to a general configuration of the composite locomotive system of seventh embodiment of the invention;

Figure 25 shows according to the 7th embodiment, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when being short-circuited;

Figure 26 shows according to the 8th embodiment, the flow chart of the error protection processing procedure when being short-circuited; And

Figure 27 shows the sketch map according to the configuration that comprises generator, inverter and microcomputer of nineth embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

(first embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the first embodiment of the present invention.In the present embodiment, polyphase rotating machine control system of the present invention is applied to be carried in the system on the composite locomotive.

Fig. 1 shows the sketch map of a general configuration of the power transmission of above-mentioned composite locomotive.

As shown in Figure 1, internal combustion engine 1 is provided with flywheel 2, and flywheel 2 is used to suppress the vibration of internal combustion engine 1.The power of internal combustion engine 1 is assigned to first motor-generator (generator 4) and second motor-generator (motor 5) through moment of torsion division mechanism 3.Particularly, moment of torsion division mechanism 3 is made up of planetary gears.In planetary gears, planetary gear 3p links to each other with the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine, and sun gear 3s links to each other with the rotating shaft of generator 4, and ring gear 3r links to each other with the rotating shaft of motor 5.In generator 4 and the motor 5 each all is made up of the DC brushless electric machine.

The output torque of the load torque of generator 4 and motor 5 is controlled by the power control unit 6 that links to each other with battery 7.The energy that generator 4 produces charges to battery 7 through power control unit 6.The electrical power of battery 7 makes motor 5 begin operation.The output torque of motor 5 is sent to the driving wheel of locomotive.

Fig. 2 has specifically illustrated a part relevant with the control of generator 4 in the power control unit 6.

As shown in Figure 2, the three-phase of inverter 10 and generator 4 (U mutually, V mutually and the W phase) link to each other.The three-phase inverter that inverter 10 is made up of parallelly connected main body; In said parallelly connected main body; These three groups of switch elements of switch element 12 and 14 (U is arm mutually), switch element 16 and 18 (V is arm mutually) and switch element 20 and 22 (W is arm mutually) are parallelly connected, thus in three-phase each with the anode of battery 7 or negative terminal between set up and be electrically connected.Inverter 10 also is provided with free-wheel diode 24,26,28,30,32 and 34, these diodes respectively with switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 inverse parallels.The tie point of switch element 12 with 14 series connection linked to each other with the U of generator 4.The tie point of switch element 16 with 18 series connection linked to each other with the V of generator 4.The tie point of switch element 20 with 22 series connection linked to each other with the W of generator 4.Should be understood that in the present embodiment, each all is made up of igbt (IGBT) in these switch elements 12,14,16,18,20 and 22.

Smmothing capacitor 40 and switch element 12 and 14, switch element 16 with 18 and switch element 20 and 22 these three groups of switch elements in the two ends of each group switch element link to each other.

Microcomputer 50 links to each other with the position detector 52 of the anglec of rotation of the rotating shaft that is used to detect generator 4, and flows through U and link to each other with 56 with the current detector 54 of the electric current of V phase mutually with being respectively applied for to detect.Microcomputer 50 obtains the testing result of these detectors, and according to Kirchhoff's law, based on the electric current that flows through the U phase with flow through V electric current mutually and come calculated flow to cross the electric current of W phase.For example, microcomputer 50 through gate driver circuit 60,62,64,66,68 and 70, is distinguished console switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 based on the anglec of rotation and the electric current that flows through three-phase of the rotating shaft of generator 4.In addition, microcomputer 50 has following function: detect the electric current that flows through switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 respectively, as the electric current that flows through node Na, Nb, Nc, Nd, Ne and Nf; And the appearance that detects fault in the inverter 10 based on detected electric current.

Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the performed processing of microcomputer 50.In the present embodiment, through basic enforcement triangular wave pwm (pulse-width modulation) control, and the load torque of generator 4 is controlled to be desired moment of torsion.Particularly, the description of hereinafter concern is controlled relevant processing with the triangular wave pwm in the processing shown in Figure 3.

Three-phase-two phase converter 80 carry out from the actual current iu that flows through the U phase with flow through V mutually actual current iv and flow through the Coordinate Conversion of the actual current iw of W phase to the d-q axle; Actual current iu and actual current iv are detected by current detector 54 and 56 respectively; Actual current iw calculates according to actual current iu and iv, in order to produce actual current id and actual current iq.Because the anglec of rotation of generator 4 is used in said coordinate transform, so position detector 52 is anglec of rotation θ input three-phase-two phase converter 80.For example, command current generation unit 82 is according to desired moment of torsion and rotational speed N m, and generation command current iqc and idc, as the time difference of anglec of rotation θ.Reflect command current iqc and idc with the bid value on the d-q axle.

PI controller 84 calculates proportional and integral based on the difference between command current idc and the actual current id.The value of being calculated is exported from PI controller 84 as the first command voltage vd1.PI controller 86 calculates proportional and integral based on the difference between command current iqc and the actual current iq.The value of being calculated is as the first command voltage vq1 and from 86 outputs of PI controller.Hereinafter will be explained the behavior of the first command voltage vd1 and vq1.

Between resistance R, self-induction L ', mutual inductance M and the time diffusion operator P of each back electromotive force eu that produces in mutually of the voltage vu of each phase that is applied to three-phase and vv and vw, three-phase and ev and ew, generator 4, set up following relation:

vu＝(R+PL’)×iu-1/2×PM×iv-1/2×PM×iw+eu

vv＝-1/2×PM×iu+(R+PL’)×iv-1/2×PM×iw+ev

vw＝-1/2×PM×iu-1/2×PM×iv+(R+PL’)×iw+ew

When carrying out the conversion of d-q axle, use rotational speed omega, inductance L (=L '+3/2 * M) and back electromotive force

from following equation (cd) and (cq) obtain the voltage vd and the vq of d axle and q axle respectively:

vd＝(R+PL)×id-ωL×iq …(cd)

Can find out from top equation (cd) with (cq); The axial component that is applied to the voltage of generator 4 not only comprise with the electric current that flows through generator 4 in proportional of same axial component, but also comprise and proportional of different axial component and back electromotive force

(hereinafter is called these " distracter ").

In the present embodiment, by non-interactive type controller 88 based on actual current id and iq and calculate these distracters, with further calculating the 0th command voltage vd0 and vq0.Then, obtain the first command voltage vd1 and the 0th command voltage vd0 mutually the command voltage vdc of d axle.Similarly, obtain the first command voltage vq1 and the 0th command voltage vq0 mutually the command voltage vqc of q axle.

Two phases-three phase converer 92 obtains the command voltage vdc of d axle and the command voltage vqc of q axle.Two phases-three phase converer 92 converts the command voltage vqc of the command voltage vdc of d axle and q axle into U command voltage vuc mutually, the command voltage vvc and the W command voltage vwc mutually of V phase.These command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are that each phase time of working as command current process generator 4 should be applied to each voltage mutually.Command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are sinusoidal wave, and each voltage center all is zero.The command current of each phase of generator 4 is meant in the three-phase each separately command current mutually, and it is confirmed based on mentioned order current i dc and iqc.

Command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are applied to the normal phase input end of comparator 96,98 and 100 respectively through switch sections 94. Comparator 96,98 and 100 compares the size of the triangular carrier of the size of each command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc and circuit for generating triangular wave 102 generations.Produce output signal g u, gv and the gw of each comparator 96,98 and 100 through command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc being carried out pulse-width modulation (PWM).

Switch sections 104 obtains output signal g u, gv and gw.The signal and the inversion signal of these signals after inverter 106,108 and 110 anti-phases of generation unit 112 acquisition switch sections 104 outputs idle time.In idle time generation unit 112, above-mentioned output signal and inversion signal corresponding with it are carried out waveform shaping, overlap with the edge of avoiding these signals, promptly avoid sequential to overlap.Signal after the waveform shaping is used as: operation signal gup is used to operate the switch element 12 of U phase; Operation signal gun is used to operate the switch element 14 of U phase; Operation signal gvp is used to operate the switch element 16 of V phase; Operation signal gvn is used to operate the switch element 18 of V phase; Operation signal gwp is used to operate the switch element 20 of W phase; And operation signal gwn, be used to operate the switch element 22 of W phase.

In above-mentioned configuration; When switch sections 104 has been selected output signal g u, gv and gw; Switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 is operated by PI (ratio-integration) control, thus actual current iu, iv and iw can with based on command current idc with iqc and definite three-phase current (command current) is consistent.In this case, consistent with command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc, being applied to each voltage in the voltage in three phases all is that the amplitude center is zero sine wave.Fig. 4 A shows the transformation of actual current iu, iv and iw under the PWM control, and Fig. 4 B shows the transformation of the moment of torsion of generator 4.Here the moment of torsion that is the rotating shaft of generator 4 is positive sample situation, and promptly generator 4 is as the situation of motor.

Hereinafter is described the performed processing of microcomputer 50; Performed processing when specific descriptions are short-circuited, said processing cause inverter 10 any arm (comprise switch element 12 and 14 the series connection main body, comprise the series connection main body of switch element 16 and 18 and the series connection main body that comprises switch element 20 and 22) switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 in the constant conduction state of switch element arbitrarily.In the present embodiment, at first confirm whether to pass through two switch elements of any arm through overcurrent based on the electric current that flows through node Na shown in Figure 2, Nb, Nc, Nd, Ne and Nf.When confirming when overcurrent is passed through arm, this arm is regarded as broken down.Then, all switch elements 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 are operated and broken off.As a result, do not cause these switch elements entering nonconducting states of short circuit.Yet; When only having one to be short-circuited in switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22; Because the switch element of short circuit, some in the free-wheel diode 24,26,28,30,32 and 34, generator 4 and battery 7 have formed closed loop circuit, so electric current flows through generator 4.

Switch element 12,14,16,18 and 22 was in the transformation of actual current iu, iv and iw under the situation of off-state when Fig. 5 A showed switch element 20 in W phase arm and is short-circuited.The moment of torsion of generator 4 when Fig. 5 B shows switch element 20 and is short-circuited.Can find out the side-play amount that the mean value of actual current iw is more predetermined greatly than the mean value of actual current iu and iv.On the other hand, for example when switch element 22 was short-circuited, the mean value of actual current iw became than the little predetermined side-play amount of mean value of actual current iu and iv.Therefore, when the mean value of the actual current of any phase produces skew with respect to the mean value of the actual current of two other phase, can confirm that based on side-play amount the particular switch element in the switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 is short-circuited.

If confirm that any switch element is short-circuited in the switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22, then get into conducting state with the corresponding switch element of the switch element that is short-circuited in two other normal phase.For example, as shown in Figure 6, when the switch element 20 of W phase was short-circuited, switch element 12 and 16 was connected and other switch element breaks off.Like this, all three phases of generator 4 can be by short circuit (three-phase shortcircuit control).Therefore, make in the generator 4 when producing back electromotive force when electric current flows through generator 4, except phase deviation, three-phase actual current iu, iv and iw become each other about equally.

Fig. 7 A shows the transformation of actual current iu, iv and the iw in the motor 5 under the three-phase shortcircuit control, and Fig. 7 B shows the transformation of the moment of torsion of the rotating shaft of the generator 4 in the transformation shown in Fig. 7 A.Can find out that actual current iu, iv and iw are in stable state, have the sinusoidal wave form that amplitude and amplitude center are equal to each other.In addition, the absolute value of the moment of torsion of generator 4 also is in the stable state on the low level.Therefore, when switch element 20 is short-circuited, can suitably prevent the problem of torque ripple and heating.In addition, switch element 22 fixing off-states can prevent through overcurrent.

Yet under three-phase shortcircuit control, the moment of torsion absolute value in the low rotation speed area of generator 4 increases.Fig. 8 A shows the three-phase shortcircuit control relation of phase current (actual current iu, iv and iw) and rotating speed down, and Fig. 8 B shows the three-phase shortcircuit control relation of moment of torsion absolute value and rotating speed down.Should be understood that the moment of torsion among Fig. 8 B is represented load torque (＜0: the moment of torsion that rotating shaft is stopped the rotation).As shown in the figure, along with rotating speed reduces, actual current iu, iv and iw reduce and moment of torsion increases.This be because the inductive component among voltage vd and the vq (preceding text equation (cd) with (cq) in PL) increase and this inductive component and current i q and id quadrature, thereby power factor is along with the rotating speed increase and reduce.

Therefore, use the load torque of three-phase shortcircuit control increase generator 4 in the low rotation speed area.In this case, internal combustion engine 1 is counted as and is in non-operating state (stopped fuel and injected control).If motor 5 is operated, can cause that then the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1 rotates under this environment.Particularly, shown in nomogram among Fig. 9, motor 5, internal combustion engine 1 and the rotating speed of generator 4 have been set up the relation relevant with straight line.Therefore, in order when internal combustion engine 1 stops, improving the rotating speed of motor 5 gradually, need improve the rotating speed of generator 4 according to that kind shown in the double dot dash line among Fig. 9.Yet the big load torque in the low rotation speed area may hinder the increase of generator 4 rotating speeds.As a result, shown in Fig. 9 dotted line, the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 increases.In this case, the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 possibly paced up and down around the rotating speed less than idler revolutions (＞0).

On the other hand, rotating speed comprises and the corresponding rotary speed area of the resonance frequency of above-mentioned flywheel 2 less than the zone of idler revolutions.Therefore, in the low rotation speed area of generator 4, carry out three-phase shortcircuit control the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 is fallen into and the corresponding rotary speed area of resonance frequency, thereby cause tangible vibration.

Under said situation, in the low rotation speed area of generator 4, the switch element of all non-short circuits can be disconnected in the switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22, to get into nonconducting state (single-phase short circuit control).This single-phase short circuit is controlled the load torque in the low rotation speed area that can reduce generator 4.Yet single-phase short circuit control and three-phase shortcircuit control still allow the existence of the low rotation speed area of generator 4, and this can make the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1 begin rotation.

Figure 10 shows the load torque that causes in single-phase short circuit control and the three-phase shortcircuit control time generator 4 and the relation of rotating speed.Shown in figure 10, under single-phase short circuit control, although the low rotation speed area of generator 4 has caused little load torque, yet this load torque increases along with the increase of rotating speed.At rotational speed N 1 place, the load torque of generator 4 becomes the moment of torsion by the frictional force moment of torsion institute balance of internal combustion engine 1, and this is represented by the chain-dotted line among Figure 10.Be meant that the rotating shaft that allows internal combustion engine 1 overcomes the frictional force of internal combustion engine 1 and the minimal torque that begins to rotate by the moment of torsion of frictional force moment of torsion institute balance.Particularly; When the rotating speed of generator 4 surpasses rotational speed N 1; According to principle of dynamics; The frictional force moment of torsion of the power opposing internal combustion engine 1 of the motor 5 that is transmitted through moment of torsion division mechanism 3 quickens the rotation of the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1, and the rotation of the rotating shaft of the load torque of non resistance generator 4 and acceleration generator 4.Therefore, along with the rotating speed increase of motor 5, internal combustion engine 1 begins rotation.

Under three-phase shortcircuit control, although the high rotary speed area of generator 4 has caused little load torque, yet this load torque increases along with reducing of rotating speed.Therefore, at rotational speed N 2 places greater than rotational speed N 1, the load torque of generator 4 becomes the moment of torsion by frictional force moment of torsion institute balance.Therefore as shown in Figure 9, in the process of the rotating speed that increases motor 5 gradually, begin rotation in the zone of the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1 between rotational speed N 1 and rotational speed N 2, this changes irrelevant with the control that controls to three-phase shortcircuit control from single-phase short circuit.Therefore, the increase of motor 5 rotating speeds causes the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 to increase, and this can be avoided making the rotating speed of generator 4 to bring up to rotational speed N 2.

When the rotating speed increase of motor 5 made that the rotating speed of generator 4 increases, the system of present embodiment carried out processing shown in Figure 11 so that change rotating speed into rotational speed N 2 from rotational speed N 1.In Figure 11, chain-dotted line is represented three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc.Shown in figure; Each command voltage becomes in 1/3 cycle mutually than other two and more approaches the positive potential of inverter 10 among three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc, and than other two phases, in 1/3 cycle, becomes and more approach the negative potential of inverter 10.

In this case, for example when the switch element 20 of W phase caused short circuit, the voltage vw of W phase was fixed on the positive potential place of inverter shown in figure 11 10.In this case, if make by two command voltage among three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc mutually determined-phase voltage equals actual phase-phase voltage, then can make by command current iqc and the determined three-phase command current of idc actual flow mistake.Yet shown in figure 11, the W phase voltage vw that is fixed on the positive potential place does not allow U phase and V phase voltage to bring up to the voltage greater than W phase voltage vw.Therefore, if command voltage vuc and vvc greater than command voltage vwc, can not make so actual phase-phase voltage equal by two command voltage among three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc mutually determined-phase voltage.

Therefore; Actual phase-phase voltage with by two command voltage among three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc mutually determined-phase voltage equal only can with the part of 120 ° of equivalences of electrical degree in realize that command voltage vuc and vvc that wherein the command voltage vwc of W phase becomes than two other phase in said part more approach positive potential.Therefore, command voltage vuc and vvc are modulated, thus can guarantee actual phase-phase voltage in this part, become with by two command voltage among three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc mutually determined-phase voltage is equal.Solid line among Figure 11 is represented the command voltage vum and the vvm that from the modulation of command voltage vuc and vvc, obtain respectively.

Hereinafter specifically describes processing performed when being short-circuited in the inverter 10.

120 pairs of two phase command voltages that from three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc of two phases-three phase converer 92 outputs, are not short-circuited of two phase modulations are modulated.Then, switch sections 94 is selected from three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and the vwc of two phases-three phase converer 92 outputs, or selects modulated command voltage vum, vvm and vwm.

On the other hand, switch sections 104 is selected from signal gu, gv and the gw of comparator 96,98 and 100 outputs, or has the signal of logic " H ", or has the signal of logic " L ".

122 pairs of switch sections of error protection processor 94 and 104 are operated, thereby can carry out single-phase short circuit control, three-phase shortcircuit control and two modulation controls mutually.

Describe in further detail now by error protection processor 122 and the performed processing of two phase modulations 120.

Figure 12 shows the processing procedure relevant with short circuit.For example, these processing of place's execution of the scheduled time in predetermined period.

In a series of processing,, confirm whether any switch element of the particular arm in the three-phase is short-circuited at step S12 place.In this is handled, use such scheme, and confirm the generation of short circuit through the short circuit diagnostic process of carrying out based on other logic (not shown).If confirm to be short-circuited, confirm at step S14 place then whether internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state and whether motor 5 is in mode of operation.Particularly, carry out and to handle,,, can depend on the load torque of generator 4 and make internal combustion engine 1 begin rotation although promptly internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state to determine whether to have created a kind of like this condition.

If internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state and motor 5 is in mode of operation, confirm at step S16 place then whether the rotating speed of generator 4 is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 2, and whether the rotating speed of definite generator 4 is equal to or less than rotational speed N 1 at step S18 place.During greater than rotational speed N 1 and less than rotational speed N 2, confirm whether the rotating speed of motor 5 increases at the rotational speed N m of generator 4 at step S20 place.

Be equal to or less than at the rotational speed N m of generator 4 under the situation of rotational speed N 1, perhaps at rotational speed N m greater than rotational speed N 1 and less than rotational speed N 2, simultaneously the rotating speed of motor 5 is not increasing under the situation of (reducing), carry out single-phase short circuit at step S26 place and control.In this case, if the rotating speed of motor 5 reduces, then need the rotating speed of generator 4 to reduce gradually to stop internal combustion engine 1 no matter the rotating speed of motor 5 reduces.Therefore in this case, the load torque of generator 4 big this true be used to avoid internal combustion engine 1 begins to rotate require inconsistent.Therefore, greater than rotational speed N 1 and less than rotational speed N 2, under the rotating speed of motor 5 reduces simultaneously the situation, carry out single-phase short circuit control at the rotational speed N m of generator 4.

If rotational speed N m is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 2, internal combustion engine 1 is being operated simultaneously, carry out three-phase shortcircuit control so at step 22 place.Should be understood that the reason of carrying out three-phase shortcircuit control in the operating period of internal combustion engine 1 is: three-phase shortcircuit control helps to reduce load torque.

If rotational speed N m is greater than rotational speed N 1 and less than rotational speed N 2, simultaneously the rotating speed of motor 5 increases, execution two phase modulation treatment at step S24 place so.

Figure 13 shows the processing of carrying out at step 24 place mentioned above.In the description to these processing, suppose that any one is short-circuited in W phase switch element 12 and 14 hereinafter.Omitted the description about other two phases, this is also to be applicable to other two phases because of the description to the W phase.

At step S24a place, confirm whether break down during W mutually.If confirm to break down during W mutually, confirm at step S24b place then whether W phase command voltage vwc is equal to or greater than the command voltage of other two phases, or whether the command voltage vwc of W phase is equal to or less than the command voltage of other two phases.In this case, command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc be set to can acceleration generator 4 rotating speed so that it is equal to or greater than the value of rotational speed N 2.

When making negative decision, carry out single-phase short circuit control at step S24c place with ready at step S24b place.When making affirmative judgement at step S24b place, respectively U is modulated with V command voltage vuc and vvc mutually mutually so that the phase-phase voltage of reality become with by command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc mutually determined-phase voltage is equal.Particularly, for example in the example depicted in fig. 11, carry out modulation, thereby can obtain the command voltage vum and the vvm of U phase and V modulation mutually respectively according to following equality through the positive potential voltage vp that uses inverter 10:

vum＝vp-vwc+vuc

vvm＝vp-vwc+vvc

If the step S24a place mentioned above makes negative decision, then carry out identical processing mutually with V mutually to U.After the processing at completing steps S24c and S24d place, control turns back to the step S24 of Figure 12.

As stated, present embodiment can provide following effect.

(1) internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state if confirm the inverter 10 of generator 4 to break down, the electric condition through operate generator 4 then, the rotation of the rotating shaft that restriction is caused by the power (being transmitted through moment of torsion division mechanism 3) of motor 5.Therefore,, can suitably suppress by the inverter 10 of generator 4 to occur in the hybrid system vibration when breaking down.

(2) if be short-circuited in the inverter 10 of generator 4, then the load torque of generator 4 is controlled, thereby the rotation of internal combustion engine 1 rotating shaft stops.Therefore, can suitably avoid following the shortcoming of internal combustion engine 1 rotating shaft rotation.

(3), the short circuit hour hands in the inverter 10 of generator 4, occur internal combustion engine 1 has been carried out the rotation restriction through carrying out the switching manipulation of inverter 10.Therefore, can keep current continuity in the generator 4.In addition, can suitably avoid the generation of arc current etc., wherein said arc current is made zero by the electric current in the generator 4 and causes.

(4) if be short-circuited in the switch element of the particular arm of the inverter 10 of generator 4, simultaneously the rotating speed of generator 4 is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 2; Then carry out three-phase shortcircuit control, thereby all get into conducting state with the corresponding switch element of switch element that is short-circuited in all other arms.Therefore, can suppress to flow through the increase of the current value of generator 4, can suppress the increase of the moment of torsion absolute value of generator 4, and can suppress the torque ripple of generator 4.

(5), then carry out single-phase short circuit control, thereby those switch elements of operate as normal can get into nonconducting state in the switch element of inverter 10 if the rotating speed of generator 4 is equal to or less than rotational speed N 1.Therefore, when rotating speed is equal to or less than rotational speed N 1, can suppress the increase of the load torque absolute value of generator 4, and can suppress the torque ripple of generator 4.

(6) if the rotating speed of generator 4 greater than rotational speed N 1 and less than rotational speed N 2, simultaneously the rotating speed of motor 5 increases, then carry out and quicken control, thereby the rotating speed of generator 4 becomes and is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 2.Therefore, can suitably suppress internal combustion engine 1 and begin rotation, otherwise rotating speed is paced up and down in greater than rotation value N1 and the zone less than rotational speed N 2 at the rotating speed of generator 4 and can be caused the rotation of internal combustion engine 1.

(7) if the rotating speed of generator 4 is greater than rotational speed N 1 and less than rotational speed N 2, simultaneously the rotating speed of motor 5 increases; Then the command voltage of two phases except the phase that breaks down is modulated, thus the phase-phase voltage of three phases become with by command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc mutually determined-phase voltage equates.Therefore, the moment of torsion of the rotating shaft of generator 4 can be controlled to the rank of expectation.In addition, can promptly be converted to the rotating speed of generator 4 in the zone that rotating speed is equal to or greater than N2.

(8) in 1/3 cycle of three-phase command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc, carry out two modulation controls mutually.Therefore, can suitably control to the moment of torsion of generator 4 rank of expectation.

(9), then, carry out single-phase short circuit control carrying out two mutually outside cycle of modulation control if the rotating speed of generator 4 is greater than N1 and less than N2, simultaneously the rotating speed of motor 5 increases.Therefore, can be the increase that suppresses the moment of torsion absolute value in two modulation control is prepared mutually cycles.

(10) connect between the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft of generator 4 and sun gear, motor 5 and annular gear wheel and internal combustion engine 1 and the planetary gear.Therefore, increase the rotating speed of generator 4 on the contrary through increasing, the rotating speed of rotating shaft that can limit engine 1 along with the rotating speed of motor 5.

(11) through allowing the DC brushless electric machine as generator 4, electric current can flow through generator 4 because of back electromotive force.Therefore, if rotating speed is equal to or less than N2, two modulate the increase that the control of control or single-phase short circuit can suitably suppress the load torque of generator 4 mutually so.

(second embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the second embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to first embodiment.Present embodiment with below among some embodiment, in order to simplify or to omit some and explain, given identical mark with the same or analogous assembly of first embodiment.

Figure 14 shows the generator relevant with present embodiment 4, inverter 10 and microcomputer 50.

Shown in figure 14, present embodiment is provided with switching circuit 130,132 and 134, these switching circuits be connected output and generator 4 three of each arm of inverter 10 mutually between.In a single day these switches 130,132 and 134 are closed type switches, just can closed switch yet can preferably get into off-state.For example, these switching circuits 130,132 and 134 relay that can provide to output bus.

Figure 15 shows according to present embodiment, the processing procedure of when being short-circuited, carrying out.For example, these are handled by microcomputer 50 and carry out according to predetermined period.Shown in figure 15, when switch element is by short circuit arbitrarily in the switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 of inverter 10 (step S30: be), then switching circuit 130,132 and 134 breaks off (step S32).

Be formed at three of generator 4 open loops in mutually thus and can not cause back electromotive force, thereby the load torque of generator 4 makes zero basically.This allows the rotating speed of generator 4 to change along with the possible increase of motor 5 rotating speeds, to keep the halted state of internal combustion engine 1.

According to above-mentioned present embodiment, except the effect (1) and (2) that in first embodiment, propose, can also realize following effect.

(12), then make switching circuit 130,132 and 134 get into nonconducting state if confirm to be short-circuited.Therefore, the moment of torsion of generator 4 makes zero basically.In addition, can suppress the rotation of the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1.

(the 3rd embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described a third embodiment in accordance with the invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to second embodiment.

Figure 16 shows according to present embodiment, the processing procedure of when being short-circuited, carrying out.For example, these are handled by microcomputer 50 and carry out according to predetermined period.

In this serial processing, when in switch element 12,14,16,18,20 and 22 any one be confirmed as (step S40) when being short-circuited, determine whether at step S42 place to have carried out opening operation to switching circuit 130,132 and 134.Aspect this, suppose that switching circuit 130,132 and 134 is in case disconnection will keep not closure state.Therefore, in a single day if carry out opening operation, a series of processing then shown in Figure 16 will finish.

On the other hand, if do not carry out opening operation, confirm then whether all actual current iu, ev and iw are zero.If all actual current iu, iv and iw are zero, then carry out opening operation to switching circuit 130,132 and 134 at step S46 place.If all actual current iu, iv and iw are non-vanishing, then carry out with first embodiment and similarly handle at step S48 place.

Be below when all actual current iu, iv and iw be zero hour hands are carried out opening operations to switching circuit 130,132 and 134 reasons.

Particularly,, actual current iu, iv and iw use switching circuit 130,132 and 134 to force these electric currents to make zero to cause arc current when flowing.Therefore, require switching circuit 130,132 and 134 to have the function that weakens arc current.Being embodied as switching circuit 130,132 and 134 provides the configuration of this function that the size of inverter 10 is increased.

According to present embodiment, because when all actual current iu, iv and iw are zero, carry out opening operation, so this problem is avoidable.

As stated, the effect (12) among the effect in first embodiment (1) and (2), second embodiment, present embodiment also has following effect.

(13) when all actual current iu, iv and iw are zero, can avoid arc current through carrying out opening operation.Therefore, switching circuit 130,132 and 134 can be save the function that weakens arc current.

(the 4th embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to first embodiment.

In first embodiment; Modulate the switching controls between the control of control and three-phase shortcircuit mutually through carry out single-phase short circuit control, two according to the rotating speed of generator 4, prevent that the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 from falling into and the corresponding rotary speed area of the resonance frequency of flywheel 2.Yet the inventor finds that these controls in first embodiment possibly still allow internal combustion engine 1 with extremely low rotating speed rotation.

A kind of possible reason is, the load torque that produces when generator 4 is during less than the frictional force moment of torsion of internal combustion engine 1, and flywheel 2 maybe not can stop.Therefore, flywheel 2 may be sent to moment of torsion the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1.Another kind of possible reason is that shown in Fig. 5 B, being controlled at the load torque that produces in the generator 4 by single-phase short circuit in fact may be along with the time, violent fluctuation took place.In other words, the load torque of the generator 4 under single-phase short circuit control shown in Figure 10 and the pass between the rotating speed tie up to definition and produce based on the time on the load torque of fluctuation and have level of freedom.If the time average of rotating speed is defined as load torque separately, then in fact load torque has surpassed the frictional force moment of torsion of internal combustion engine 1.Also do not confirm reason at present clearly, but certainly in fact the inventor observes such phenomenon, promptly internal combustion engine 1 is with extremely low rotating speed rotation.

Particularly, when locomotive with extremely low speed (for example 0 to several kilometers/per hour) when going, generator 4 is with the speed rotation of about 100rpm.Shown in figure 17, in this case, internal combustion engine 1 can rotate with the caused utmost point slow-speed of revolution of the load torque of generator 4.Like this, extremely slow-revving rotation makes the frictional force moment of torsion to be approximately frequency generating period property fluctuation in internal combustion engine 1 of 0 to 10Hz, and it is caused by the periodicity reciprocating motion of piston.Because this frequency conforms to the resonance region of the drive system that comprises internal combustion engine 1 to driving wheel 8, locomotive may vibrate to and fro.

For this is taken measures, shown in figure 18, present embodiment through carry out during at rotating speed less than N2 two mutually modulation control reduce the load torque of generator 4.

Figure 19 shows according to present embodiment, the processing procedure of when being short-circuited, carrying out.According to predetermined cycle these processing of execution.

In this a series of processing,, carry out two modulation controls mutually at step S24 place when the rotating speed of confirming generator at step S 16 places during less than N2.Should be understood that based on experiment, the experiment of for example handling based on performed error protection when single-phase short circuit taking place in the inverter 10 is for command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are provided with suitable value in advance.In this case, can be according to the rotating speed of required moment of torsion of motor 5 or motor 5 and command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are set changeably.Yet, the situation that the setting of each command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc preferably increases and do not increase to the rotating speed of motor 5 and being provided with respectively.Particularly, when the rotating speed of motor 5 increases, carry out with first embodiment in identical acceleration processing be equal to or greater than rotational speed N 2 so that be increased to the rotating speed of generator 4.On the other hand, between deceleration period, carry out proper process to reduce the load torque of generator 4 as much as possible.These two kinds of processing have produced the effect of the load torque that reduces generator 4 jointly.

Similar with processing shown in Figure 13, in the limited cycle (1/3 cycle of command voltage, or be equivalent to cycle of 120 ° of electrical degrees), carry out two phase modulation treatment.In the cycle of remainder, carry out single-phase short circuit control or three-phase shortcircuit control.Based on the load torque characteristic of the structure that depends on generator 4 and the frictional force characteristic that depends on the structure (the for example displacement of cylinder and number) of internal combustion engine 1; Select single-phase short circuit control or three-phase shortcircuit control to each locomotive, whichsoever can reduce the rotation of internal combustion engine 1 more effectively.

Effect in first embodiment (1) to (4), (7), (10) and (11), above-mentioned present embodiment also has following effect.

(14) if the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of generator 4, is then carried out two phase modulation treatment less than rotational speed N 2, so that the command voltage of two phases except the phase that breaks down is modulated.Therefore, the moment of torsion of the rotating shaft of generator 4 can be controlled to be the rank of expectation.In addition, can limit the load torque of rotating shaft.In addition, if the rotating speed of generator 4 is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 2, then three-phase shortcircuit is controlled the load torque that can on whole rotary speed area, suitably reduce generator.Therefore, can the suitably rotation of the rotating shaft of limit engine 1 on the whole rotary speed area of generator 4.

(the 5th embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to first embodiment.

Performed error protection is handled relevantly when breaking down in present embodiment and the inverter, and it is the output of actuating motor 5 Action Target when controlling that error protection is handled.

Figure 20 has specifically illustrated the part of the power control unit 6 relevant with the control of motor 5.

When being short-circuited in arbitrary switch element of the arm of specific phase, can not control the output torque of motor 5 with pinpoint accuracy.Therefore in this case, present embodiment utilizes internal combustion engine 1 to carry out the limp-home processing.Yet in this case, the increase of the load torque of motor 5 maybe not can suitably be sent to driving wheel 8 to the actuating force of internal combustion engine 1.In addition, excessive electric current may flow in motor 5 or inverter 10.

In order to handle this situation, shown in figure 21, present embodiment is carried out three-phase shortcircuit control when the rotating speed of motor 5 is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 3, and carries out two modulation controls mutually at rotating speed during less than N3, thereby the load torque of motor 5 is limited.Figure 22 shows according to the present invention processing procedure performed when in the inverter 10 of motor 5, being short-circuited.For example, these processing are carried out according to predetermined period.

In this a series of processing, confirm at step S50 place whether arbitrary switch element is short-circuited in the arm of specific phase of inverter 10 of motor 5.In this is handled,, confirm the generation of short circuit through the short circuit diagnostic process of carrying out based on the not shown logic relevant with scheme described in first embodiment.If confirm that short circuit takes place, confirm at step S52 place then whether internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state.Proposing this confirms to confirm whether internal combustion engine 1 is in the state that replaces motor 5 and actuating force is provided.If confirm that internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state, then operating internal-combustion engines 1 at step S54 place.

When making the processing at negative decision or completing steps S54 place at step S52 place, control advances to step S56.At step S56 place, confirm whether the rotating speed of motor 5 is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 3.Be set to rotational speed N 3 to satisfy the rank of following condition: under three-phase shortcircuit control, in motor 5, perhaps can cause load torque, to driving wheel 8 actuating force is not provided but can not hinder from internal combustion engine 1.Therefore, if make affirmative judgement at step S56 place, then control advances to step S58, carries out three-phase shortcircuit control at step S58 place.

On the contrary, if make negative decision at step S56 place, then control advances to step S60, carries out two modulation controls mutually at step S60 place, thereby reduces the load torque of motor 5.Should be understood that, in this case, based on for example carrying out the experiment that error protection is handled when single-phase short circuit taking place in the inverter 10, and be that command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are provided with suitable value in advance.Aspect this, can be according to the rotating speed of required moment of torsion of motor for example 5 or motor 5 and command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc are set changeably.Required moment of torsion when required moment of torsion is meant limp-home.Consider that higher rotating speed causes this fact of bigger back electromotive force in motor 5, the size of command voltage vuc, vvc and vwc increases along with the increase of rotating speed.

Similar with processing shown in Figure 13, in the limited cycle (1/3 cycle of command voltage, or be equivalent to cycle of 120 ° of electrical degrees), carry out two phase modulation treatment.In the cycle of remainder, carry out single-phase short circuit control or three-phase shortcircuit control.Based on the load torque characteristic of the structure that depends on motor 5 is that each locomotive is selected single-phase short circuit control or three-phase shortcircuit control.

According to above-mentioned present embodiment, carry out suitable limp-home in the time of can in motor 5, being short-circuited and handle.

(the 6th embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to second embodiment.

Figure 23 shows the motor relevant with present embodiment 5, inverter 10 and microcomputer 50.

In the present embodiment, switching circuit 130,132 and 134 is set between the output and motor 5 of each arm of inverter 10.When arbitrary switch element is short-circuited in the arm of the specific phase of inverter 10, to switching circuit 130,132 and 134 and carry out opening operation.Formed open loop at each of three phases of motor 5 in mutually thus.In addition, prevent back electromotive force, thereby the load torque of motor 5 can make zero basically.About the scheme of the opening operation of carrying out switch element 130,132 and 134, can use the scheme of the 3rd embodiment.

(the 7th embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the seventh embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to the 5th embodiment.

Figure 24 shows a general configuration of the hybrid system (composite locomotive) according to present embodiment.

Shown in figure 24, be the four-wheel drive locomotive that is provided with second motor 9 (MG3) according to the composite locomotive of present embodiment, wherein second motor is used for transmitting power to trailing wheel 8R.Second motor 9 also is made up of the DC brushless electric machine.In this case, if arbitrary switch element causes short circuit in the arm of the specific phase of the inverter of second motor 9, then produce load torque in second motor 9, this moment of torsion can cause load torque in trailing wheel 8R.In addition, short circuit may cause braking force unintentionally when locomotive driving.

In order to handle this situation, if arbitrary switch element is short-circuited in the arm of the specific phase of the inverter of second motor 9, present embodiment is carried out error protection and is handled based on the 5th embodiment.Figure 25 shows according to present embodiment, performed processing procedure when being short-circuited in the inverter of second motor 9.For example, these processing are carried out according to predetermined period.

In this series of processes, confirm at step S70 place whether arbitrary switch element is short-circuited in the arm of specific phase of inverter of second motor 9.This processing is identical with the processing at the step S50 place of Figure 22.Occur if confirm fault, then control advances to step S72, confirms at step S72 place whether the rotating speed of second motor 9 is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 4.Rotational speed N 4 is set to satisfy the rank of following condition: the load torque that under three-phase shortcircuit control, in second motor 9, causes maybe not can influence going of vehicle.If rotating speed is equal to or greater than rotational speed N 4, then carry out three-phase shortcircuit control at step S74 place.On the contrary, if rotating speed less than rotational speed N 4, is then carried out two modulation controls mutually at step S76 place.This handles the processing based on the step S60 place of Figure 22.

When step S70 place made the step of negative decision or completing steps S74 and S76, this series of processes temporarily finished.If locomotive has the driving mode as driving wheel of trailing wheel 8R only, so when make affirmative judgement at step S70 place, preferably in operating internal-combustion engines 1 and the motor 5 at least one, thereby locomotive utilizes driving wheel 8 to go.

According to above-mentioned present embodiment, can take adequate measures when in the inverter of second motor 9, being short-circuited.

(the 8th embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the eighth embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to the 7th embodiment.

Figure 26 shows according to present embodiment, performed processing procedure when in the inverter of second motor 9, being short-circuited.For example, these processing are carried out according to predetermined period.

Shown in figure 26, when being short-circuited, present embodiment carries out three-phase shortcircuit control in the inverter of second motor 9, no matter its rotating speed is how.

(the 9th embodiment)

The hereinafter with reference accompanying drawing is described the nineth embodiment of the present invention, and this describes the difference of paying close attention to second embodiment.

Figure 27 shows relevant with present embodiment second motor 9, inverter 10 and microcomputer 50.

Present embodiment is provided with the switching circuit 130,132 and 134 between the output of each arm of inverter 10 and second motor 9.When arbitrary switch element is short-circuited in the arm of the specific phase of inverter 10, carry out opening operations to switching circuit 130,132 and 134.Therefore, can form open loop in mutually at three of second motor 9.In addition, can prevent back electromotive force, and can the load torque in second motor 9 be made zero.About the scheme of the opening operation of carrying out switching circuit 130,132 and 134, the scheme of the 3rd embodiment is adaptable.

(modification)

The foregoing description can be revised according to hereinafter.

● in the 7th embodiment,,, then can carry out single-phase short circuit control promptly less than rotational speed N 4 if the rotating speed of second motor 9 is equal to or less than predetermined rotating speed.In addition, in the 8th embodiment, if rotating speed less than N4, then can be carried out single-phase short circuit.

● in the second and the 6th embodiment, switching circuit 130,132 and 134 not only can be the closed type switch, and can be the open type switch.

● in first embodiment, above-mentioned effect (1) to (8), (10) can also be realized through following mode with (11): when the rotating speed of generator 4 during greater than N1 and less than N2 and when not carrying out two when modulating mutually, in the standby cycle, carry out three-phase shortcircuit control.

● in first embodiment; The load torque of generator 4 also can be controlled through following mode: when the rotary speed of motor 5 reduce, when the rotating speed of generator 4 is greater than N1 and less than N2 simultaneously; Carry out two modulation controls mutually, thereby rotating speed can become and is equal to or less than N1.

● in first embodiment, thereby the rotation of the moment of torsion of generator 4 being controlled internal combustion engine 1 is made zero.Yet can take other measure, for example comprise generator 4 is controlled so that the rotating speed of internal combustion engine 1 maybe not can fall into the corresponding rotating speed of the resonance frequency of flywheel in.

● in first embodiment, consider to drive internal combustion engine 1 with the speed that is equal to or greater than idler revolutions usually, can carry out following content.Particularly, thereby can become to the rotating speed that the moment of torsion of generator 4 is controlled internal combustion engine 1 less than idler revolutions but be no more than 0, thereby can suitably suppress the related shortcoming of rotation of the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1.

● if be not included in the zone of rotating speed less than idler revolutions with the corresponding rotary speed area of the resonance frequency of flywheel, it is effective that the rotation that then rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1 is not intended to begin limits.

● the scheme that is used for the moment of torsion of control generator 4 when being short-circuited is not limited to the for example scheme shown in first embodiment.For example can carry out two modulation controls mutually, thereby the moment of torsion of control generator 4 is with the rotation of limit engine 1 to all rotary speed areas.In this case, preferably actual current iu, iv and iw are monitored, thereby the electric current that flows through generator 4 maybe not can become excessive.

● each gear in the use planetary gear construction connects generator 4, motor 5 and internal combustion engine 1 this pattern and is not limited to the pattern shown in the foregoing description.In addition, moment of torsion division mechanism 3 can have planetary gears.In other words; Although internal combustion engine 1 is in non-operating state; If the rotating shaft of internal combustion engine 1 possibly have the risk that power rotated of the motor 5 of the rotating shaft that is sent to internal combustion engine 1 through moment of torsion division mechanism 3, when short circuit appears in the present invention's inverter 10 that can be applied in generator 4 effectively so.

● the polyphase rotating machine (multiphase generator and polyphase machine) that stands moment of torsion control when in inverter, short circuit occurring is not limited to the DC brushless electric machine.Yet the foregoing description and modification thereof can be effectively applied to the electric rotating machine of field type, for example have the motor that under three-phase shortcircuit control, possibly cause the configuration of back electromotive force.Because this structure, for example become rotating speed less than N2 or motor 5 when becoming when the rotating speed of generator 4 less than N3, carry out three-phase shortcircuit and control and may cause inconvenience.

● through for example adjusting the setting of PI controller 84 and 86, can omit non-interactive type controller 88.

● the application of the control system of polyphase rotating machine is not limited to composite locomotive.System of the present invention can be applied to the control system of electric car, the system that for example possibly in inverter, cause short circuit and possibly need three-phase shortcircuit to control.Equally in this case, when being short-circuited in the inverter, can use the 9th embodiment effectively.

Under the prerequisite that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention, the present invention can realize with some other forms.Present described embodiment only is used for explanation rather than restriction with revising, because scope of the present invention is limited accompanying claims rather than description before.Therefore, the change of equivalent of boundary and scope or these boundaries and scope that falls into claim is with being comprised by claim.

Claims (3)

1. control device, through the open/close state of inverter is operated the output of controlling polyphase rotating machine, said inverter comprises a plurality of phase arms, and each phase arm all comprises a plurality of switch elements that can be switched on respectively/break off, and said device comprises:

Confirm assembly, be used to determine whether to satisfy condition that any switch element place that said condition is defined in any phase arm causes that short trouble and said polyphase rotating machine are to rotate greater than the speed of predetermined speed; And

Control assembly; When said definite assembly is confirmed to satisfy said condition; Carry out control so that all other switch elements are in on-state, said other switch element belongs to the phase arm that is not short-circuited, and links to each other with the electric pathway that switch element was connected of failed because.

2. device according to claim 1, wherein

Said polyphase rotating machine is formed three-phase rotating electric machine,

Said device also comprises:

Computation module calculates the three-phase command signal voltage that is used for the output torque of said three-phase rotating electric machine is controlled to be the expectation moment of torsion;

Another confirms assembly, is used to determine whether to satisfy another condition, and said another condition is defined as: cause that short trouble and said three-phase rotating electric machine rotate with the speed that is equal to or less than said predetermined speed; And

Modulation component; Be used for two phase command voltages except the single-phase command voltage that is designated as fault are modulated; Thereby when said another confirmed that assembly confirms to satisfy said another condition, the phase-phase voltage of three phases of said three-phase rotating electric machine equated with the defined voltage of three-phase command signal voltage that calculates.

3. control device, through the open/close state of inverter is operated the output of controlling polyphase rotating machine, said inverter comprises a plurality of phase arms, and each phase arm all comprises a plurality of switch elements that can be switched on respectively/break off, and said device comprises:

Conductive devices is connected electrically between said polyphase rotating machine and the said inverter, and optionally conducting or not conducting of between;

Confirm assembly, determine whether to satisfy condition that said condition is defined as: cause that at any switch element place of any phase arm short trouble and said three-phase rotating electric machine rotate with the speed that is equal to or less than predetermined speed; And

Control assembly when said definite assembly is confirmed to satisfy said condition, is controlled said conductive devices and is got into nonconducting state.

Images