CN101465606A - Parallel-in converter for directly-driving wind power generation system - Google Patents
Parallel-in converter for directly-driving wind power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed are a grid-connected converter device of a direct-drive wind power system and a corresponding power coordination control method. The converter device is composed of basic converter units of a Boost circuit based on ac-side energy storage; the structure sufficiently utilizes the equivalent inductance of a power generator stator winding, avoids an external inductor in traditional dc voltage booster circuit, and reduces power loss and equipment cost. Two converter proposals, including a diode rectification mode and a PWM rectification mode are designed; converter topologies with two capacity grades, including medium and small power converter topology, megawatt grade high power converter topology, and relative extension structures are designed, such as a parallel connection converter and an H bridge cascade structure converter; wherein, the converter with the H bridge cascade structure is applicable to grids with high capacity and high voltage, and can obviously reduce the harmonic content in grid-connected current; meanwhile, the control method performing feedback through three closed loops is designed, so the input power and output power of the converter are balanced instantaneously, the dc bus voltage maintains stable, and the grid-connected current wave is sine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy technology field, be specifically related to the grid-connected converter technology of direct-driving type wind power generation unit.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development of regenerative resource, the energy output of wind turbine generator constantly increases, and wind turbine generator reliability and efficient are required also improving constantly, and the existence of gear box has limited the development of double feed wind power generator group.Directly-driving wind power generation system is exactly to occur in this case.The synchronous generator that is applied to direct-driving type wind power generation system is taked special design, and its more number of pole-pairs makes when rotor speed is low, and generator still can efficient operation; Wind turbine and synchronous generator rotor directly are coupled, save gear box, improved efficient, reduced the maintenance work of generator, and reduced noise.In addition, direct-driving type wind power generation system often adopts magneto alternator, and this scheme does not need electric excitation unit, have in light weight, efficient is high, the advantage of good reliability.Simultaneously, development along with power electronic technology and permanent magnetic material, in the directly-drive permanent magnet wind generating system, account for higher relatively switching device of cost ratio (IGBT etc.) and permanent magnet, when its performance improves constantly, cost also constantly descends, and makes the directly-drive permanent magnet wind generating system comform and show one's talent in the multi-speed exchanged constant frequency wind generator system to have good development prospect.
In the various current transformer schemes of direct-driving type wind power generation system, research at present is formula converter structure control more complicated back-to-back widely, and the cost height, has hindered the promotion rate of direct-driving type wind power generation unit; And the converter structure that is made of simple not control rectifying circuit and PWM inverter circuit has certain practicality, but this structure can't effectively be controlled wind-driven generator, limited its available wind speed range, and a plurality of controlled target such as control of the required maximal power tracing of wind-powered electricity generation unit and grid-connected current control are difficult to take into account; In this case, new departure of introducing the Boost booster circuit of DC-DC structure in the DC link of current transformer is suggested, this structure can overcome above-mentioned deficiency, but also introduced certain problem simultaneously: need bigger energy storage inductor in the Boost circuit of traditional DC-DC structure, need to be equipped with separately bulky and heavy inductance device; Simultaneously under the high-power applications condition, the electric current that flows through in the energy storage inductor is unidirectional triangular current, DC component is not only arranged in the electric current, and comprise very big HF switch composition, inductance needs the iron core of high frequency material, in addition since inductive current be folk prescription to, the remanent magnetism of iron core can be because the accumulative total effect, to cause inductance to be easy to saturated and strengthen gradually, and this brings very big difficulty for manufacturing of energy storage inductor, has increased manufacturing cost; Energy storage inductor is not only heavy simultaneously, volume is big, and has brought serious heating problem, and this inductance uses imported product more at present, costs an arm and a leg.
The present invention has designed a kind of grid-connected converter of the Boost circuit based on the AC side energy storage, can solve an above-mentioned difficult problem.Chinese patent CN2909689Y discloses a kind of " high efficiency three-phase activity coefficient adjustment bipolarity output circuits ", Chinese patent CN101060252A discloses a kind of " UPS supply device ", circuit structure in the foregoing invention all is to be used for voltage and all stable three phase network of frequency, all need to dispose separately the three-phase alternating current inductance device, and all be unsuitable for the special application scenario of wind power generation, i.e. the power supply amplitude of input side and frequency high-power applications occasion of change at random all.
The grid-connected converter based on the Boost circuit of AC side energy storage of the present invention design can be applicable to the wind power generation occasion, and the power supply of its input side is an alternating current generator, and the amplitude of power supply and frequency be change at random all.In addition, reasonably design by the stator winding to generator, the equivalent inductance Ls that can utilize the generator unit stator winding is as the required energy-storage travelling wave tube of Boost circuit, thereby need not extra, heavy huge again inductance device.
The present invention has made full use of the characteristics of direct wind-driven generator group, and by matching with the direct-drive permanent-magnetism motor of respective design, it is bulky well to have solved energy storage inductor, is easy to problems such as saturated and loss is serious.Because main electric current is sinusoidal basically in the inductance, inductance manufacturing cost and specification requirement all will significantly reduce, under most of situation (Rational Parameters configuration) can utilize generator unit stator self inductance to save the interchange energy storage inductor that adds, will reduce the comprehensive cost of wind generator system greatly.While is at the application demand of the big capacity wind turbine generator of MW class, adopt many level structure of H bridge cascade in the inversion side, not only improved the capacity of converter device, and reduced the harmonic content of grid-connected current, the fine application demand that satisfies the megawatt-level wind unit of energy is for road has been paved in the extensive use of high-capacity direct-driving type wind turbine generator.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: for the direct-driving type wind power generation unit provides a kind of economical and practical, high reliability, compact conformation, is easy to modular grid-connected converter apparatus.The present invention proposes a kind of basic converter cell of the Boost booster circuit based on the AC side energy storage, then based on this, various combination and control mode by basic converter cell, designed the converter device of two types of diode rectification pattern and PWM rectification patterns, and provided the current transformer topology of the wind turbine generator that is applied to middle low power and two kinds of different capacitance grades of megawatt-grade high-power respectively, proposed to be fit to the power coordination control method of converter device of the present invention simultaneously.Technical scheme of the present invention can satisfy multiple different application demand, and different application schemes has good consistency on topological structure, thereby the present invention can provide the solution of general grid-connected converter apparatus for the direct-driving type wind power generation unit.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of converter cell, amplitude that alternating current generator is sent and the frequency all AC energy of change at random are incorporated the industrial frequency AC electrical network into, this converter cell comprises AC side energy storage inductor, rectification circuit, booster circuit, dc energy storage electric capacity, the inverter circuit of AC side energy storage and the filtering connecting circuit that is incorporated into the power networks that connects successively, wherein the AC side energy storage inductor is served as by the equivalent inductance of generator unit stator winding, can the unloading circuit that be used to regulate power-balance in parallel as required on the dc bus.
The described basic converter cell that constitutes by the booster circuit circuit and the PWM inverter circuit of AC side energy storage as shown in Figure 1, it is made up of the inverter circuit and the filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type) of the Boost circuit of AC side energy storage inductor, diode rectifier bridge, AC side energy storage, dc bus unloading circuit, H bridge construction.The output of one cross streams of the input sending and receiving motor of a basic converter cell, its output get access to grid (or connect electrical network through transformer).Described filtering connecting circuit comprises L type and two kinds on LCL type: each only is made up of L type filter circuit a filter reactor mutually, and three-phase L type filter circuit is made of the three-phase grid reactor; Each of LCL filtering connecting circuit is by input inductance L1, and ac capacitor C and outputting inductance L2 form, and the three constitutes the T type and connects, by the L1 input, and L2 output, ac capacitor one end is connected between L1 and the L2, other end ground connection; Constituting of three-phase LCL type filter circuit by three single-phase LCL circuit, and wherein the earth terminal of three ac capacitors links together.
The example of the direct-driving permanent magnetic synchro wind generator group of being made up of the basic converter cell of described booster circuit based on the AC side energy storage is as shown in accompanying drawing 2: wind energy conversion system directly drives three-phase permanent synchronous generator, the output termination three-phase alternating current energy storage inductor of generator is connected to the three-phase diode rectification circuit then, the Boost circuit connects the output of rectification circuit and the DC side of three-phase PWM inverter circuit, and the AC side of inverter circuit is incorporated into the power networks through the LCL filter circuit.
The difference of the Boost boost chopper of the booster circuit of described AC side energy storage and common DC-DC structure is: Boost circuit and diode rectifier circuit are combined, constitute boosting unit; Be designed in the interchange input side of described rectification circuit as the energy storage inductor of boosting unit energy-storage travelling wave tube, the booster circuit of AC side energy storage is positioned at the direct current outlet side of described rectification circuit, constitute by device for power switching (IGBT or IGCT etc.) and isolating diode, DC side has only switching tube, does not have energy-storage travelling wave tube; And energy storage inductor is positioned at DC side in the Boost circuit of traditional DC-DC structure, and device for power switching (IGBT or IGCT etc.) directly links to each other.
The energy storage inductor that booster circuit is required designs in AC side among the present invention, the booster circuit of described AC side energy storage, and its input directly links to each other with the output of generator; In the direct-driving type wind power generation unit, the circuit model of synchronous generator (is example with the three-phase motor with permanent magnets) can be to be made up of ideal voltage source, series connection small resistor r and stator winding equivalent inductance Ls three parts its equivalence according to output characteristic as shown in Figure 3.Therefore the present invention makes full use of the characteristics of application conditions, reasonably designs by the stator winding to generator, and the equivalent inductance Ls that utilizes the generator unit stator winding is as the required energy-storage travelling wave tube of booster circuit, thereby need not extra inductance device.
The complete topology of the booster circuit of described AC side energy storage is: with Boost circuit and the rectification circuit formation boosting unit that combines, by through the equivalent inductance Ls of the reasonable Stator Winding of design as the required AC side energy storage inductor of booster circuit, the Boost circuit of AC side energy storage is positioned at the direct current outlet side of rectification circuit, only constitute, do not contain energy-storage travelling wave tube by device for power switching (IGBT or IGCT etc.) and the fast diode that recovers.The output of magneto alternator is directly connected to diode rectifier circuit, the device for power switching of Boost circuit (IGBT or IGCT etc.) is connected in parallel between the positive and negative output of diode rectifier circuit, the anode of isolating diode is connected to the positive output end of diode rectifier circuit, its negative electrode is connected to the positive pole of dc-link capacitance, and the negative output terminal of diode rectifier circuit is connected to the negative pole of dc-link capacitance.
The advantage of this design of the present invention is: the Boost circuit of traditional DC-DC structure is generally operational under the continuous pattern of electric current, electric current in the energy storage inductor is become to be grouped into HF switch by DC component, not only magnetic circuit is saturated easily for this high-frequency inductor, making requires high, and can produce than lossy, bring heat dissipation problem.If inductance is in AC side, electric current does not have DC component in the inductance, but is made up of low-frequency ac electric current and HF switch ripple, and magnetic circuit problem saturated and heating can be improved greatly.And, can therefore can save heavy and huge Boost inductance by the stator winding equivalent inductance Ls of magneto alternator of design on request as energy storage inductor, save volume and weight greatly, the cost of reduction system has reduced the excess loss that produces on the inductance simultaneously.
The present invention proposes a kind of grid-connected converter apparatus of the wind turbine generator of being made up of converter cell, can take the multipleization expansion structures of many group boosting units parallel connection, and inverter circuit can be taked the expansion structure of the in parallel and H bridge cascade of switching device; Rectification circuit comprises diode rectification pattern or PWM rectification pattern; The topological structure of converter cell comprises middle low power capacitance grade or megawatt-grade high-power capacitance grade.
The current transformer topology of the direct-driving type wind power generation unit of the diode rectification pattern that the present invention is designed is as shown in accompanying drawing 4 and accompanying drawing 7.Wherein accompanying drawing 4 is depicted as the basic structure of the middle low power direct wind-driven generator group current transformer of diode rectification pattern, it is to be simplified by basic converter cell combination to form, its concrete structure comprises: with the coaxial magneto alternator that links to each other of wind energy conversion system (three-phase or heterogeneous), the diode rectifier circuit of direct coupled generator output, the Boost circuit, dc energy storage electric capacity, the PWM inverter of 3 brachium pontis and the filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type) that is incorporated into the power networks.Wherein the Boost circuit is made up of device for power switching (IGBT or IGCT etc.) and isolating diode (requiring fast recovery diode), the anode of the collector electrode of device for power switching and isolating diode isolating diode also is connected to the positive pole of diode rectifier circuit output, the emitter of switching device is received the negative pole of diode rectifier circuit, the negative electrode of isolating diode connects the positive pole of dc energy storage electric capacity, and the negative pole of dc energy storage electric capacity links to each other with the negative pole of diode rectifier circuit output; The DC side of PWM rectification circuit and the parallel connection of dc energy storage electric capacity, its AC side links to each other with the input side of three-phase filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type), and the output of three-phase filtering connecting circuit is connected to three-phase low-voltage network (being connected to electrical network through transformer in case of necessity).
According to the nominal parameter of wind-driven generator and the capacity of selected power electronic device, converter structure shown in the accompanying drawing 4 can carry out the expansion of two aspects: in the rectification side, can adopt the boosting unit (comprise rectifier bridge and do not contain the Boost circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube) of two or more AC side energy storage to be parallel to the multiple inverter configuration on the same dc bus, be the parallel-connection structure of two boosting units as shown in Figure 5; In the inversion side, the mode that can adopt the switching device parallel connection is to improve installed capacity, as shown in accompanying drawing 6, each of inverter circuit is exported mutually by two brachium pontis and is formed in parallel, be connected in parallel after the output of two brachium pontis of same phase (being the mid point of brachium pontis) connects a reactor respectively, and then be connected to electrical network through the filtering connecting circuit.
Accompanying drawing 7 is depicted as the megawatt-grade high-power direct wind-driven generator group current transformer of diode rectification pattern, its concrete technical scheme is: the direct-driving permanent magnetic synchronous generator is designed to polyphase machine (being 9 phases in the accompanying drawing 7), according to generator nominal parameter and switching device capacity, the heterogeneous output of generator is divided into N group (in the accompanying drawing 7 being 3 groups), each group is connected to a converter cell, each converter cell is a parallel-connection structure, link together in the mode of output, be connected to electrical network by filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type) then by the cascade of H bridge.Wherein the middle low power current transformer of each converter cell and aforementioned diodes rectification pattern has the topological structure of basically identical, also be by diode rectifier circuit, the Boost circuit, dc energy storage electric capacity and PWM inverter circuit are formed, varied slightly be that the PWM inverter circuit changes 6 brachium pontis structures into, form 3 groups of H bridges so that cascade.Plural converter cell links together by the mode of H bridge cascade: each converter cell all has A, B, three H bridges of C, the H bridge that numbering in the different converter unit is identical is the head and the tail series connection respectively, and three groups of H bridges with gained are joined together to form the three-phase export structure according to the Y connection again.H bridge output after the cascade is connected to the input side of three-phase filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type), and the outlet side of filter circuit inserts medium voltage network (or be connected to electrical network by suitable transformer).In the MW class current transformer of described diode rectification pattern, according to the needs of the actual number of phases of synchronous generator, capacity and parts selection, can adopt the rated capacity of the expansion structure shown in accompanying drawing 5 and the accompanying drawing 6 respectively with coupling current transformer and generator in rectification side and inversion side.
The current transformer topology of the direct-driving type wind power generation unit of the PWM rectification pattern that the present invention is designed is as shown in accompanying drawing 8 and accompanying drawing 9.The PWM rectification function of described input side is realized by diode rectifier bridge and Boost circuit, its principle is: each of magneto alternator all links to each other with the Boost circuit of a diode full bridge rectifier and AC side energy storage separately mutually, by the Boost circuit is controlled, make that the output voltage vector of each phase of generator is all controlled fully, utilize the closed-loop control of the equivalent circuit parameter realization of generator to the output current of each phase of generator, make the amplitude and the phase place of each phase output current all independent controlled, thereby reach the purpose of generator torque accurately being controlled and regulating output power factor.
The middle low power direct wind-driven generator group current transformer of described PWM rectification pattern, also be to develop by basic converter cell to combine, compare with the middle low capacity current transformer of aforementioned diodes rectification pattern, both are just the same in the inverter circuit part, and are just different in the rectification circuit part.The design of the middle low power current transformer of PWM rectification pattern is as shown in Figure 8: in the rectification side, each of generator is exported mutually through the diode full bridge rectifier and is connected to an independently input of Boost circuit, the output common DC bus of all Boost circuit promptly all is parallel on the storage capacitor of same dc bus; In the inversion side, the DC side parallel of dc bus storage capacitor and PWM inverter, the AC side of inverter links to each other with the input side of three-phase filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type), and the outlet side of three-phase filtering connecting circuit is connected to three-phase low-voltage network (being connected to electrical network through transformer in case of necessity).In the middle low power current transformer of described PWM rectification pattern, the rectification side has adopted the Boost circuit multiple inverter configuration shown in the accompanying drawing 5, is parallel to the number of phases and the capacity decision of the number of the Independent B oost circuit on the dc bus by generator; The structure that also can adopt switching device parallel connection as shown in Figure 6 in the inversion side is to improve installed capacity.
Accompanying drawing 9 is depicted as the megawatt-grade high-power direct wind-driven generator group current transformer of PWM rectification pattern, its concrete technical scheme is: the direct-driving permanent magnetic synchronous generator is designed to polyphase machine (being 9 phases in the accompanying drawing 9), the rated capacity and the number of phases according to generator, the heterogeneous output of generator is divided into the N group (in the accompanying drawing 9 is 3 groups, every group comprises 3 phases), every group is connected to a converter cell, each converter cell is a parallel-connection structure, link together in the mode of output, be connected to electrical network by three-phase filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type) then by the cascade of H bridge.Wherein the middle low power current transformer of each converter cell and aforementioned PWM rectification pattern has the topological structure of basically identical: the rectification side is just the same, each of generator is exported mutually through the diode full bridge rectifier and is connected to an independently input of Boost circuit, the output common DC bus of all Boost circuit promptly all is parallel on the storage capacitor of same dc bus; In the inversion side, the PWM inverter changes 6 brachium pontis structures into, forms 3 groups of H bridges so that cascade.Plural converter cell links together by the mode of H bridge cascade: each converter cell all has A, B, three H bridges of C, the H bridge that numbering in the different converter unit is identical is the head and the tail series connection respectively, and three groups of H bridges with gained are joined together to form the three-phase export structure according to the Y connection again.H bridge output after the cascade is connected to the input side of three-phase filtering connecting circuit (L type or LCL type), and the outlet side of filter circuit inserts medium voltage network (or be connected to electrical network by suitable transformer).
The converter device of direct-driving type wind power generation unit of the present invention comprises boosting unit and inversion unit two parts, and boosting unit comprises the Boost circuit of rectification circuit and AC side energy storage, and inverter circuit is the structure of parallel connection of H bridge or cascade; The present invention also proposes a kind of power coordination control method of grid-connected converter apparatus of wind turbine generator, guarantees boosting unit and inverter circuit coordinated operation in the current transformer; Described power coordination control method comprises current feedback ring, Voltage Feedback ring and three close-loop feedback control of Feedback of Power ring.
The power coordination controlling party ratio juris of described boosting unit and inversion unit as shown in Figure 10, the electric weight that control system needs to detect in real time has: the direct current I of diode rectifier circuit output
Dc, the voltage U of dc energy storage electric capacity
Dc, the instantaneous value u of three phase network voltage
a, u
b, u
c, and the instantaneous value i of the three-phase current that is connected to the grid
a, i
b, i
cControl system comes system is carried out multiobject FEEDBACK CONTROL by current closed-loop, voltage close loop and power closed loop.Current regulator guarantees inverter to the electrical network output sinusoidal current identical with the common frequency power network frequency, and regulates the phase difference between output current and the line voltage as required, thereby controls the active power and the reactive power of grid-connected converter output flexibly; Voltage control loop is kept the stable of DC bus-bar voltage, for the maximal power tracing of Boost circuit and the operate as normal of inverter provide condition; Power control loop is by searching power characteristic or following the trail of the maximum power point of wind energy conversion system automatically or keep the rated power point by the control of Boost circuit, make the wind-powered electricity generation unit keep operating state the most efficiently, guarantee the balance of system's input and output power simultaneously, provide condition for DC bus-bar voltage is stable, make that current transformer can be reposefully to the electrical network power output.
In described control method for coordinating, power control loop at first obtains the maximum power instruction of wind energy conversion system, and sampling obtains the effective value of DC bus-bar voltage Udc and ac grid voltage, principle according to the input and output power-balance, calculate the major event of grid-connected current command value, and by current transformer output power measurement value (three-phase current i
a, i
b, i
cWith line voltage u
a, u
b, u
cCalculate) feed back and realize input and output power is accurately controlled; Power control loop calculates the duty ratio D of the required control signal of Boost circuit simultaneously, thus the output current I of control diode rectifier circuit
DcVoltage control loop is by detecting DC bus-bar voltage U
DcAnd the given Boost circuit duty ratio of power ring, obtain DC bus-bar voltage U
DcWith the deviation of given reference value, after this deviation is regulated through PI, as the correction term of grid-connected converter output current command value; After the major event and correction term addition of grid-connected converter output current command value, current instruction value as current regulator, current regulator compares the grid-connected current instantaneous value of command value and actual measurement and obtains error signal, obtain the control signal of PWM inverter after the error signal process dead beat current Control Algorithm, its computing formula is as follows:
Δ i wherein
a, Δ i
b, Δ i
cBe respectively the deviation of three-phase output current command value and actual value, Δ d
U, Δ d
V, Δ d
WThe duty ratio of representing three brachium pontis control signals respectively, Δ T is the time of a control cycle, L is the inductance value of filtering connecting circuit.
In described power control loop, the method that obtains the maximum power instruction of wind energy conversion system has two kinds: a kind of method is can survey at wind speed and wind energy conversion system rotating speed, and under the known situation of the actual power characteristic curve of wind energy conversion system, look into maximum power and the corresponding rotating speed that power characteristic obtains wind energy conversion system by the measured value of wind speed, because rotating speed and its output voltage of magneto are linear substantially, therefore can obtain the set-point of output voltage by tach signal, compare the duty ratio set-point D that obtains the Boost circuit with DC bus-bar voltage then; Another kind method is under wind speed, wind energy conversion system rotating speed and power characteristic condition of unknown, by the output current I of diode rectifier circuit
Dc, the duty ratio D of Boost circuit and DC bus-bar voltage U
DcCan estimate the power of the actual output of wind energy conversion system, maximal power tracing algorithms such as search by hill climbing method by admittance method of addition, variable step then, regulate the duty ratio D of Boost circuit, the rotating speed of wind energy conversion system is changed, and track actual maximum power point automatically, obtain the command value of maximum power.When at the rated power output state (actual wind speed be higher than rated wind speed and less than cut-out wind speed time), power control loop no longer needs by looking into power characteristic or regulating the maximum power point that the Boost circuit is followed the trail of wind energy conversion system, but directly obtain the rated power instruction, calculate the reference value of electric current loop and the duty ratio D of Boost circuit.
Described control method for coordinating can guarantee the input and output power equilibrium,transient of current transformer of the present invention, and DC bus-bar voltage is stable, grid-connected current waveform sine, and phase place is adjustable, makes whole device stable coordination operation.
The energy storage link of direct-driving type wind power generation set grid-connection current transformer device of the present invention is few, in each converter cell, have only storage capacitor and power model, do not have extra inductance element, provide cost savings and volume, structure is very compact, realizes modularization easily; For jumbo current transformer, H bridge cascade structure has constituted many level PWMs inverter, can not only improve the capacity of output voltage and whole device, and under identical switching frequency, can obtain better grid-connected current waveform, make the harmonic content of grid-connected current and the loss of system all significantly reduce, be very suitable for the requirement of being incorporated into the power networks of jumbo wind-powered electricity generation unit.
Description of drawings
The basic converter cell that Fig. 1 is made of the Boost circuit and the PWM inverter circuit of AC side energy storage
Fig. 2 is based on the direct-driving type wind power generation machine system configuration schematic diagram of basic converter cell
Fig. 3 direct-drive permanent-magnetism synchronous generator equivalent circuit diagram
The middle low power direct wind-driven generator group converter structure figure of Fig. 4 diode rectification pattern
The expansion structure of the multiple Boost circuit of Fig. 5 rectification side common DC bus
The inverter circuit expansion structure of Fig. 6 inversion side switching device parallel connection
The megawatt-grade high-power direct wind-driven generator group converter structure figure of Fig. 7 diode rectification pattern
The middle low power permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator group current transformer of Fig. 8 PWM rectification pattern
The megawatt-grade high-power permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator group current transformer of Fig. 9 PWM rectification pattern
The control method for coordinating schematic diagram of Figure 10 boosting unit and rectification unit
Figure 11～19 Application Examples one illustrating to Application Example six
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the direct-driving type wind power generation system converter device and the operation principle thereof of the present invention's design are done detailed explanation.
As shown in accompanying drawing 1, the present invention has introduced the Boost boost chopper in the converter device of directly-driving wind power generation system, such design can bring great benefit: at first, because the approximate rotating speed that is proportional to generator of magneto alternator output voltage effective value, thereby through after the uncontrollable rectification, the dc voltage value and the rotating speed of equivalence also are approximated to proportionate relationship, if there is not the Boost circuit, directly receive behind the diode rectification on the dc bus of PWM inverter, the operating state of PWM inverter will significantly be subjected to the influence of wind energy conversion system rotating speed.When wind speed was low, direct voltage can be very low, and the operate as normal of inverter is to have certain requirements to the DC bus-bar voltage amplitude, and low excessively direct voltage will cause that voltage source inverter can't finish effective inversion process, thereby can't be with power feed-in electrical network.And after introducing the Boost circuit output and the dc bus of diode rectifier circuit are kept apart, when the rotating speed of wind energy conversion system changes with wind speed, the output end voltage of generator will change thereupon, by the regulating action of boosting of Boost circuit, it is constant at steady state value still can to keep DC bus-bar voltage.Thereby the rotating speed of wind energy conversion system no longer is subjected to the restriction of DC bus-bar voltage scope, can expand the range of speeds of wind energy conversion system so greatly, and just available wind speed range guarantees wind turbine generator capturing wind energy efficiently still under low wind speed.Secondly, after introducing, can regulate in the Boost circuit output voltage and the electric current of magneto by the duty ratio D that regulates the Boost circuit, thereby the rotating speed of indirect regulation wind energy conversion system, this has created hardware condition for maximal power tracing control, maximal power tracing is no longer finished by the PWM inverter circuit, make the grid-connected current control of MPPT maximum power point tracking control and PWM inverter circuit realize decoupling zero, make the distribution of the controlled target of system become more reasonable, reliability is improved.
Embodiment one: 20kW direct-drive wind power generation convertor (diode rectification pattern)
The direct-driving type wind power generation system that constitutes for the 20kW current transformer as shown in Figure 11, the input side of current transformer is operated in the diode rectification pattern, wind energy conversion system directly drives three-phase permanent synchronous generator, its output is connected to the three-phase diode full bridge rectifier, the output of rectification circuit links to each other with the device for power switching (IGBT or IGCT etc.) and the isolating diode of Boost circuit, in parallel with dc-link capacitance then, the DC side of the PWM inverter circuit of 3 brachium pontis is in parallel with dc-link capacitance, and the AC side of inverter is connected to three phase network through LCL type filtering connecting circuit and transformer.Magneto alternator rated power 20kW in the described system, the equivalent inductance 7.5mH of motor stator winding, rectification circuit adopts the three phase rectifier module of the 1600V/100A of Fuji, Boost circuit and inverter circuit adopt the IPM module of the CLA of Mitsubishi series 1200V/100A six pipes, DC bus-bar voltage 700V, the inversion part is incorporated the 380V power distribution network into by the transformer of 270V/380V.
As shown in Figure 11, in the directly driven wind-powered current transformer of the 20kW of described diode rectification pattern, the control by the power outer shroud makes the input power of current transformer and power output keep balance, and the PWM inverter is kept DC bus-bar voltage U by Voltage Feedback
DCConstant is 700V, and the control of Boost circuit by duty ratio D makes the Equivalent DC voltage D * U of output of diode rectifier circuit
DCBe 450V (under the rated wind speed condition), though the output of diode rectifier circuit does not have flat wave capacitor in parallel, but this moment, the stator current of magneto alternator was similar with the situation that is connected flat wave capacitor, because the afterflow effect of stator winding equivalent inductance, stator current is continuous, near sinusoidal waveform, but wherein contain bigger idle component, contain certain low-order harmonic simultaneously.
If reduce the equivalent inductance of permanent magnet motor stator winding, improve switching frequency simultaneously, in the time of can making current transformer be operated in the discontinuous pattern of stator current, this moment, stator current was the triangular wave of high frequency, and its envelope is and the sine wave (promptly do not contain reactive current) of stator emf phase with the frequency homophase, can realize the function of single tube power factor correcting, but will contain very big high-frequency harmonic in the stator current this moment.
Embodiment two: 30kW～500kW direct-drive wind power generation convertor (diode rectification pattern)
On the basis of embodiment one, by selecting jumbo power electronic device for use, adopt the multiple inverter configuration of Boost circuit as shown in Figure 5 in the rectification side, at inversion side employing power device parallel-connection structure as shown in Figure 6, can improve the capacity of converter device, shown in accompanying drawing 12 and accompanying drawing 13.Accompanying drawing 12 has adopted the structure of multiple Boost circuit in the rectification side; Accompanying drawing 13 has adopted the mode of device parallel connection in the inversion side on the basis of the multiple Boost circuit of rectification side.Can make the capacity of converter device reach 500kW after adopting this scheme.
Embodiment three: 1.5MW direct-drive wind power generation convertor (diode rectification pattern)
Accompanying drawing 14 and accompanying drawing 15 are depicted as 1.5MW direct-driving type wind power generation system structural representation.Current transformer is made up of four unit in the accompanying drawing 14, and each converter cell comprises a Boost circuit; 1.5MW the stator winding of magneto alternator be designed to 12 phases, per 3 are divided into one group mutually, are connected respectively to the input side of four converter cells.Each converter cell comprises independently rectification circuit, Boost circuit, dc-link capacitance and H bridge inverter circuit, each converter cell is a parallel-connection structure, link together in the mode of output, be connected to electrical network by LCL filtering connecting circuit and transformer then by the cascade of H bridge.Current transformer is made up of three unit in the accompanying drawing 15, and each converter cell comprises two Boost circuit and realizes multiple inverter configuration; 1.5MW the stator winding of magneto alternator be designed to 18 phases, per 6 are divided into one group mutually, are connected respectively to the input side of three converter cells; The form cascade by the H bridge is together equally at outlet side for three converter cells.
By the by turns control of symmetry, it is identical to guarantee that generator is input to the power of each converter cell, and each converter cell is kept identical DC bus-bar voltage.By H bridge cascade structure, three converter cells constitute 7 level structures, and four converter cells constitute 9 electrical level inverters, can significantly reduce the harmonic content of grid-connected current, improve the current transformer output voltage simultaneously.
Embodiment four: 20kW direct-drive wind power generation convertor (PWM rectification pattern)
Accompanying drawing 16 is depicted as the direct-driving type wind power generation system of the middle low power current transformer formation of PWM rectification pattern, it forms structure: the coaxial magneto alternator that is connected to of wind energy conversion system, the three-phase stator winding of magneto alternator does not link to each other mutually at motor internal, output at motor, every phase winding is connected to a diode full bridge rectifier separately, be connected respectively to an independent Boost circuit then, the output common DC bus of all Boost circuit promptly all is connected on the storage capacitor of same dc bus; In the inversion side, the DC side parallel of dc bus storage capacitor and PWM inverter, the AC side of inverter links to each other with the input side of three-phase LCL filtering connecting circuit, and the outlet side of three-phase LCL filtering connecting circuit is connected to electrical network through transformer.
As shown in Figure 17, in described converter structure based on Boost circuit realization PWM rectification function, under the situation of current transformer input and power output balance, the PWM inverter is kept DC bus-bar voltage U by Voltage Feedback
DCConstant; Measure winding or indirect parameters identification method by design in generator, can directly measure or calculate the amplitude and the phase place of generator single-phase induction electromotive force; Simultaneously by Boost circuit control diode rectifier circuit output end voltage U
BoostMake generator output end voltage vector U follow emf phase vector E and change (shown in accompanying drawing 17 right side vectograms), thereby realize close-loop feedback control to stator current, make output current phase and this induced electromotive force mutually with homophase frequently, with the purpose that reaches that output power factor is proofreaied and correct and the generator electromagnetic torque is accurately controlled.This current transformer design of the present invention, can accurately control amplitude, frequency and the phase place of the stator current of generator and the size of generator electromagnetic torque, harmonic content with the generator unit stator electric current is limited in the small range simultaneously, thereby can reach the control effect of PWM rectification.
Embodiment five: 30kW～500kW direct-drive wind power generation convertor (diode rectification pattern)
On the basis of embodiment four, by selecting jumbo power electronic device for use, and adopt the multiple inverter configuration of Boost circuit as shown in Figure 5, adopt as shown in Figure 6 power device parallel-connection structure in the inversion side in the rectification side, can improve the capacity of converter device, as shown in Figure 18.Can make the capacity of converter device reach 500kW after adopting this scheme.
Embodiment six: 1.5MW direct-drive wind power generation convertor (PWM rectification pattern)
Accompanying drawing 19 is depicted as 1.5MW direct-driving type wind power generation system structural representation.In described MW class converter structure: current transformer is made up of three unit, and the stator winding of the magneto alternator of 1.5MW is designed to 9 phases, and per 3 are divided into one group mutually, are connected respectively to the input side of three converter cells.Each converter cell comprises independently rectification circuit, Boost circuit, dc-link capacitance and H bridge inverter circuit, each converter cell is a parallel-connection structure, link together in the mode of output, be connected to electrical network by LCL filtering connecting circuit and transformer then by the cascade of H bridge.This design can not only realize PWM rectification and PWM inversion, and can realize that high pressure is incorporated into the power networks and the inversion control effect of " perfect harmony ", is with a wide range of applications in the wind-powered electricity generation unit of megawatt-stage direct-drive type.
Claims (10)
1. converter cell, amplitude that alternating current generator is sent and the frequency all AC energy of change at random are incorporated the industrial frequency AC electrical network into, this converter cell comprises AC side energy storage inductor, rectification circuit, booster circuit, dc energy storage electric capacity, the inverter circuit of AC side energy storage and the filtering connecting circuit that is incorporated into the power networks that connects successively, wherein the AC side energy storage inductor is served as by the equivalent inductance of generator unit stator winding, can the unloading circuit that be used to regulate power-balance in parallel as required on the dc bus.
2. converter cell according to claim 1, wherein, the booster circuit of described AC side energy storage comprises device for power switching and isolating diode, the booster circuit of described AC side energy storage inductor, described rectification circuit and described AC side energy storage constitutes boosting unit together, be positioned at the input side of described rectification circuit as the described AC side energy storage inductor of this boosting unit energy-storage travelling wave tube, the booster circuit of described AC side energy storage is positioned at the outlet side of described rectification circuit.
3. converter cell according to claim 2, wherein, described inverter circuit adopts the H bridge construction, constitutes the H bridge by four full device for power switching of controlling, and the DC side of H bridge is connected with dc bus, and AC side is incorporated AC network into by described filtering connecting circuit.
4. converter cell according to claim 3, wherein, described device for power switching can be IGBT or IGCT, and described isolating diode can be the fast diode that recovers, and described filtering connecting circuit can be inductive type or inductor-capacitor-inductive type.
5. the grid-connected converter apparatus of a wind turbine generator of being made up of the described converter cell of claim 2 can take the multipleization expansion structures of many group boosting units parallel connection, inverter circuit can take the expansion structure of the in parallel and H bridge cascade of switching device; Rectification circuit comprises diode rectification pattern or PWM rectification pattern; The topological structure of converter cell comprises middle low power capacitance grade or megawatt-grade high-power capacitance grade.
6. grid-connected converter apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the topological structure of the grid-connected converter apparatus of the middle low power of described diode rectification pattern is: be connected to the input side that exchanges of diode rectifier circuit with the coaxial continuous output that directly drives synchronous generator of wind energy conversion system, the device for power switching coupling of the booster circuit of the output of rectification circuit and described AC side energy storage, the positive pole of rectification circuit output end connects the anode of isolating diode, the negative electrode of isolating diode connects the positive pole of dc energy storage electric capacity, and the negative pole of dc energy storage electric capacity links to each other with the negative pole of diode rectifier circuit; The DC side parallel of dc bus and inverter circuit simultaneously can unloading circuit in parallel as required; Described inverter circuit is the PWM inverter circuit of three brachium pontis, and the AC side of inverter circuit is connected to the grid through described filtering connecting circuit or is connected to electrical network through transformer.
7. grid-connected converter apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the topological structure of the grid-connected converter apparatus of the megawatt-grade high-power of described diode rectification pattern is: generator is a polyphase machine, the heterogeneous output of generator unit stator is divided into the N group, wherein, N is the integer greater than 1, each group is connected to a converter cell, in each converter cell, each of generator output mutually is connected to diode rectifier circuit, the device for power switching coupling of the booster circuit of the output of rectification circuit and described AC side energy storage, the positive pole of rectification circuit output end connects the anode of isolating diode, the negative electrode of isolating diode connects the positive pole of dc energy storage electric capacity, and the negative pole of dc energy storage electric capacity links to each other with the negative pole of diode rectifier circuit; The DC side parallel of dc bus and inverter circuit simultaneously can unloading circuit in parallel as required; The inverter circuit of each converter cell is made up of 6 brachium pontis, form 3 groups of H bridge constructions, each converter cell is joined together to form three-phase output in the mode of output by the cascade of H bridge, is connected to the grid by described filtering connecting circuit then or is connected to electrical network by transformer.
8. grid-connected converter apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the topological structure of the grid-connected converter apparatus of the middle low power of described PWM rectification pattern is: the direct-driving type synchronous generator links to each other with wind energy conversion system is coaxial, each phase winding of the stator of direct-driving type synchronous generator does not link to each other mutually at motor internal, output at motor, every phase winding is connected to a described rectification circuit separately, wherein, described rectification circuit is the diode full bridge rectifier, each rectification circuit is connected respectively to the booster circuit of a described AC side energy storage, the output of the booster circuit of all AC side energy storage connects common DC bus, promptly all be connected on the same described dc energy storage electric capacity, simultaneously can unloading circuit in parallel as required on the dc bus; The DC side parallel of described dc energy storage electric capacity and described inverter circuit, described inverter circuit is the PWM inverter, the AC side of described inverter circuit links to each other with the input side of described filtering connecting circuit, and the output of described filtering connecting circuit is connected to the grid or is connected to electrical network through transformer.
9. grid-connected converter apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the topological structure of the grid-connected converter apparatus of the megawatt-grade high-power of described PWM rectification pattern is: the three-phase stator winding of heterogeneous direct-driving type synchronous generator does not link to each other mutually at motor internal, the heterogeneous output of generator is divided into the N group, each group comprises the m phase, wherein, N and m are the integer greater than 1, and each group is connected to an independent converter cell; In each converter cell: each phase winding is connected to a described rectification circuit separately, wherein said rectification circuit is the diode full bridge rectifier, each rectification circuit is connected respectively to the booster circuit of an independent described AC side energy storage, the output of the booster circuit of all AC side energy storage connects common DC bus, promptly all be connected on the same described dc energy storage electric capacity, dc bus can unloading circuit in parallel as required; The inverter circuit of each converter cell is made up of 6 brachium pontis, form 3 groups of H bridge constructions, each converter cell is joined together to form three-phase output in the mode of output by the cascade of H bridge, is connected to the grid by described filtering connecting circuit then or is connected to electrical network by transformer.
10. the power coordination control method of the grid-connected converter apparatus of the described wind turbine generator of claim 5 guarantees boosting unit and inverter circuit coordinated operation in the current transformer; Described power coordination control method comprises current feedback ring, Voltage Feedback ring and three close-loop feedback control of Feedback of Power ring, and current feedback ring sampling current transformer is input to the instantaneous value i of the three-phase current of electrical network
a, i
b, i
c, and the instantaneous value U of electrical network three-phase voltage
a, U
b, U
c, control the switch controlling signal that obtains inverter circuit by dead beat; Voltage Feedback ring sampling DC bus-bar voltage U
Dc, calculating voltage deviation delta U=U
Dc-U
Set, wherein, U
SetBe the set point of DC bus-bar voltage, voltage deviation Δ U regulates the correction term of the electric current of the instruction of controlling as current feedback ring dead beat through PI; The DC side output current I of Feedback of Power ring sampling rectification circuit
Dc, the duty ratio by DC bus-bar voltage and booster circuit is calculated the input power P of current transformer, and the phase calculation of the electric current of effective value by system voltage and dead beat control and voltage obtains the major event of the instruction current of dead beat control again; MPPT maximum power point tracking is by tabling look-up or booster circuit is regulated duty ratio D and searched for and obtain; By described three close-loop feedback control, can be so that the input power of current transformer and power output equilibrium,transient, DC bus-bar voltage is kept stable, simultaneously grid-connected current waveform sine.
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| CNA2008102112025A CN101465606A (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2008-09-17 | Parallel-in converter for directly-driving wind power generation system |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008102112025A CN101465606A (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2008-09-17 | Parallel-in converter for directly-driving wind power generation system |
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