CN101465598B - AC/DC converter - Google Patents
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- CN101465598B CN101465598B CN2009100762771A CN200910076277A CN101465598B CN 101465598 B CN101465598 B CN 101465598B CN 2009100762771 A CN2009100762771 A CN 2009100762771A CN 200910076277 A CN200910076277 A CN 200910076277A CN 101465598 B CN101465598 B CN 101465598B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an AC/DC converter which carries out rectification and filtration to input alternating voltage by ensuing that the needed working voltage of a load is lower than presetting value; the alternating voltage power factor after the rectification and filtration are corrected forms power factor correction PFC busbar voltage, and the PFC busbar voltage is adjusted at the same time; in addition, in an AC/DC converting circuit, duty ratio of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor MOS switching tube which carries out DC/DC conversion to a PFC bus is adjusted, and the rectification and filtration are carried out to the voltage output by the DC/DC converting circuit, and the voltage is output to the load. By applying the AC/DC converter and properly reducing the PFC busbar voltage output by a PFC circuit, the MOS switching tube in the DC/DC converting circuit can work in a duty ratio with higher working efficiency when the working voltage of the load is lower, thus ensuring the direct current working voltage needed by the load, improving the efficiency when the AC/DC converter outputs low voltage and reducing loss.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ac/dc (AC/DC, Alternating Current/Direct Current) voltage transformation technology, particularly a kind of AC/DC converter.
Background technology
The AC/DC voltage conversion circuit is to be the circuit of direct voltage with AC voltage conversion, is widely used in fields such as D.C. regulated power supply, DC motor, industrial welding and communication.Through alternating voltage being carried out filter rectification, voltage stabilizing, voltage transformation, output filter rectification and voltage stabilizing, the output galvanic current is pressed, satisfy produce, in the life to the demand of various voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing AC/DC converter, and referring to Fig. 1, this AC/DC converter comprises: input voltage electromagnetic interference (EMI; Electro Magnetic Interference) filter circuit, power factor correction (PFC; Power Factor Correct) circuit, DC/DC translation circuit and output voltage filter circuit, wherein, input voltage EMI filter circuit, pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit are the input voltage primary-side circuitry; The output voltage filter circuit is a secondary-side circuitry
Input voltage EMI filter circuit is used for the alternating voltage of input is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering, for example, carries out rectifying and wave-filterings such as full-bridge, π type, exports pfc circuit to behind harmonic wave that comprises with the filtering alternating voltage and the harmonic wave through the electrical network transmission;
Pfc circuit; Be used for voltage to input voltage EMI filter circuit output and carry out power factor correction and voltage stabilizing to preset value; In order to improve the power factor of converter; Satisfy of the specification requirement of international relevant technologies standard, reduce harmonic pollution, thereby also improve the operating efficiency of converter electrical network about harmonic wave;
The DC/DC translation circuit is used for the voltage of voltage regulation of pfc circuit output is carried out dc voltage conversion, is the needed voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation of respective load with the pfc circuit voltage stabilizing to the voltage transformation of preset value;
The output voltage filter circuit is used for the voltage of DC/DC translation circuit output is carried out filtering, with the stability of the needed voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation of load of further raising output.
Existing P FC circuit, because PFC technology rapid development and applying, its circuit topological structure form is varied, all has good input and output characteristic, below is that example specifies with a kind of circuit more common in the practical application.
Fig. 2 is existing a kind of common pfc circuit structural representation, and referring to Fig. 2, this pfc circuit comprises: diode D1～D7, inductance L 1, resistance R 0, capacitor C 1 and switching tube Q, wherein,
Diode D1～D4 is used to form rectification circuit, to the alternating voltage AC of input
InCarry out rectification, D5～D7, inductance L 1, resistance R 0, capacitor C 1 and switching tube Q1 are used for the AC after the rectification
InCarry out power factor and regulate, to improve the direct voltage DC of output
OutPower factor, like this, can improve the efficient of converter, simultaneously, to the AC after the rectification
InCarry out voltage stabilizing and filtering harmonic, make the direct voltage DC of output
OutSatisfy the relevant technologies standard.In describing below, with the direct voltage DC of pfc circuit output
OutBe called the PFC busbar voltage.
The operation principle of pfc circuit shown in Figure 2 is: alternating current is after the rectifier bridge rectification; Press through an energy storage inductor and isolating diode output galvanic current; The tie point of energy storage inductor and isolating diode is through a complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) (MOS, Metal Oxide Semiconductor) switching tube ground connection, and the control voltage on the MOS switching tube grid is constant voltage; Like this; Make the switching that metal-oxide-semiconductor is constantly opened and turn-offed according to preset time point, thereby regulate electric current, make electric capacity keep the stable of output dc voltage through discharging and recharging through energy storage inductor; Also eliminated simultaneously because the harmonic current that rectifying and wave-filtering produces compensates, improves power factor.
The output of pfc circuit is connected with the DC/DC translation circuit; The DC/DC translation circuit need be according to various loads to the requirement of direct-current working volts to export corresponding direct voltage; Thereby; The DC/DC translation circuit need be directed against various load, some parameters of circuit is adjusted, to guarantee to stablize and meet the output voltage of demand of technical standard.
Existing DC/DC translation circuit comprises: phase-shifting full-bridge ZVT converter, pulse-width modulation (PWM, Pulse Width Modulation) control full-bridge converter, symmetrical half bridge converter, half-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, cascade full-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, full-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, phase-shifted full-bridge converter and various buck/boost (BUCK/BOOST) quasi-converter etc.Be example below with the phase-shifted full-bridge converter, specify the DC/DC DC converting operation principle of DC/DC translation circuit.
Fig. 3 is existing phase-shifted full-bridge converter electrical block diagram, and referring to Fig. 3, this phase-shifted full-bridge converter circuit comprises: primary side direct voltage regulating circuit and primary side dc voltage output circuit, wherein,
Primary side direct voltage regulating circuit; Comprise leading-bridge, lagging leg and primary coil; Be used for regulating the time of leading-bridge, lagging leg break-make according to the requirement of loaded work piece voltage; Thereby keep direct voltage stable through the primary coil conversion and export corresponding loaded work piece voltage
Leading-bridge, first end respectively with the direct voltage DC of pfc circuit output
Out(the PFC busbar voltage is in Fig. 3, with U
InFirst end of expression) positive pole and lagging leg links to each other, second end respectively with U
InSecond end of negative pole and lagging leg link to each other, the 3rd end links to each other with primary coil one end, the 4th termination receipts leading-bridge control signal,
Lagging leg, the 3rd end links to each other with the primary coil other end, and the 4th termination is received the lagging leg control signal,
The predefined phase place of leading-bridge control signal lead-lag brachium pontis control signal, this predefined phase place and U
In, the required direct voltage size of former secondary coil turn ratio and load is relevant, at U
In, former secondary coil turn ratio and load direct voltage confirm after, this phase place can be calculated through the Automatic Program that is provided with in advance and obtain, and regulates the method for control signal phase place, specifically can repeat no more at this referring to relevant technical literature.
Leading-bridge comprises: MOS switching tube Q11 and Q21,
Q11 comprises first utmost point, second utmost point and the control utmost point, between first utmost point and second utmost point, is parallel with diode D11 and capacitor C 11,
Q21 comprises first utmost point, second utmost point and the control utmost point, between first utmost point and second utmost point, is parallel with diode D21 and capacitor C 21,
First utmost point of Q11 respectively with U
InFirst end of positive pole and lagging leg link to each other, second utmost point links to each other with first utmost point and primary coil one end of Q21 respectively, control utmost point reception Q11 control signal,
Second utmost point of Q21 respectively with U
InSecond end of negative pole and lagging leg link to each other, the control utmost point receives the Q21 control signal,
Q11 control signal and Q21 control signal are complementary.
Lagging leg comprises: MOS switching tube Q31 and Q41,
Q31 comprises first utmost point, second utmost point and the control utmost point, between first utmost point and second utmost point, is parallel with diode D31 and capacitor C 31,
Q41 comprises first utmost point, second utmost point and the control utmost point, between first utmost point and second utmost point, is parallel with diode D41 and capacitor C 41,
First utmost point of Q31 respectively with U
InPositive pole and Q11 first extremely continuous, second utmost point links to each other with first utmost point and the primary coil other end of Q41 respectively, the control utmost point receives the Q31 control signal,
Second utmost point of Q41 respectively with U
InNegative pole and Q21 second extremely continuous, the control utmost point receives the Q41 control signal,
Q31 control signal and Q41 control signal are complementary.
Q11, Q21, Q31 and Q41 control signal are exported by PWM controller (not shown); The PWM controller is according to the direct voltage requirement of output loading; Export control signal through the control loop (not shown) according to predefined strategy; Control is added in the voltage that the last control of MOS switching tube Q11～Q41 is extremely gone up; Thereby control the make-and-break time (duty ratio) of Q11～Q41, adjust the output to the voltage at primary coil N1 two ends, make the voltage that exports load to be stabilized on the required operating voltage of this load.
The primary side dc voltage output circuit is used for the direct voltage output with the primary coil conversion, comprises secondary coil N21 and N22; Diode Dr1 and Dr2, diode Dr1 and Dr2 constitute centre tapped rectification circuit, are connected to output filter capacitor C0 through output inductor L0; Wherein
N21 and N22 series connection, N21 one termination Dr1, as a utmost point of output dc voltage, the other end links to each other with N22 one end, as another utmost point of output dc voltage;
Another termination of N22 Dr2, as a utmost point of output dc voltage, the output of Dr2 links to each other with the output of Dr1.
In circuit structure shown in Figure 3; Also drawn output filter circuit, comprised output inductor L0 and output filter capacitor C0, the output of diode Dr1 and Dr2 is connected to C0 one end through L0; C0 is parallelly connected with load, and the other end links to each other with the junction of secondary coil N21 and N22.
Phase-shifted full-bridge converter operation principle shown in Figure 3 is following:
Q11～Q41 control signal is controlled conducting and the turn-off time of Q11～Q41 respectively, and when Q11, Q41 conducting, Q11, N1 and Q41 form the loop; When Q21, Q31 conducting; Q31, N1 and Q21 form the loop, and when the conducting of MOS switching tube, the PFC busbar voltage of input is converted into secondary coil through primary coil N1; And behind the output filter circuit rectifying and wave-filtering the required burning voltage of output loading, and make inductive energy storage; When the MOS switching tube turn-offed, the energy that is stored in the inductance discharged to load through output diode, thereby made load obtain continuous and stable output voltage, and the conducting of MOS switching tube and turn-off time are through the control signal control of PWM controller output.When load changes; For example, when needing that this phase-shifted full-bridge converter is applied to the lower load of another operating voltage, the phase shifting angle of the control signal through regulating the output of PWM controller; Promptly make the duty ratio of control signal reduce; The ON time of control Q11～Q41 reduces, thereby makes the voltage that exports primary coil to reduce, and the output voltage of regulating secondary is to the required operating voltage of this load.
In the phase-shifted full-bridge converter, in the process of MOS switching tube break-make, need certain energy; In order to reduce the power loss of converter, generally adopt ZVT, promptly the MOS switching tube is operated in the no-voltage point; To reduce the power loss of MOS switching tube break-make; The required energy of MOS switching tube break-make is mainly the energy storage of the leakage inductance and the leakage inductance that secondary is converted former limit on the former limit of transformer, and at the leading-bridge duration of work, output inductor is converted former limit and connected with the leakage inductance on former limit; Because general output inductor is bigger, thereby has enough energy storage to realize the ZVT of leading-bridge; But at the lagging leg duration of work, converter is in during the rectifier diode change of current, the conducting simultaneously of two rectifier diodes with transformer secondary clamper in zero potential; Output inductor just can not be converted former limit, like this, has only the energy storage of former limit equivalent inductance to the energy of lagging leg two ends capacitor charge and discharge; Because this inductance is a transformer leakage inductance; Leakage inductance is very little, thereby, there are not enough energy to realize the ZVT of lagging leg.
In order to realize the ZVT of lagging leg, prior art is through energy required when resonant inductance Lr of the former limit series connection of converter improves lagging leg realization ZVT.
By above-mentioned visible; To the required direct-current working volts of different loads; Output dc voltage adjustment and load response are mainly realized through the DC/DC translation circuit; Promptly, change the make-and-break time of MOS switching tube, thereby regulate output voltage through regulating the phase shifting angle (duty ratio) of MOS switch controlled signal in the DC/DC translation circuit.If the required direct-current working volts of load are lower; Then the duty ratio of MOS switch controlled signal is also with corresponding reduction; Because the material of the operating frequency of the loss of converter and efficient and MOS switching tube, duty ratio, magnetic core, the technical parameter of design and former secondary coil technique for coiling etc. are relevant, after converter was confirmed, the material of magnetic core, the technical parameter of design and former secondary coil technique for coiling were also just definite; Thereby; The operating frequency of MOS switching tube and duty ratio are to influence the loss of converter and the key factor of efficient, and when the operating frequency of MOS switching tube is high more, the loss power of MOS switching tube is big more; Duty ratio is more little, causes the primary current effective value to increase, and the corresponding increase of loss, efficient reduce.That is to say, recently regulate output voltage through the duty that changes the DC/DC translation circuit, if duty cycle range is bigger, in duty ratio hour, transducer effciency obviously descends.
For the translation circuit of the resonant inductance of having connected on former limit, because the resonant inductance of series connection will make the time of current reversal extend, in the process of current reversal; Two secondary rectifier diodes of converter all are in conducting state, and causing secondary voltage is zero, makes the duty cycle range of translation circuit dwindle; Like this, make the direct voltage of translation circuit output can not satisfy the unequally loaded needs, simultaneously; In duty ratio hour, transducer effciency descends.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, a main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of AC/DC converter, in the required direct-current working volts of proof load, improves the AC/DC transducer effciency, reduces the wastage.
For achieving the above object; The invention provides a kind of AC/DC converter, comprise input voltage electromagnetic interference EMI filter circuit, output voltage filter circuit, this AC/DC converter also comprises: power factor correction pfc circuit, DC/DC translation circuit and pulse-width modulation PWM control circuit; Wherein
Pfc circuit is used for the voltage of input voltage EMI filter circuit output is carried out power factor correction, and output PFC busbar voltage is according to the control signal of pwm control circuit output, real-time regulated PFC busbar voltage;
The DC/DC translation circuit; Be used for control signal according to pwm control circuit output; The duty ratio of complementary metal oxide semiconductor switch pipe in the regulating circuit; Once more the PFC busbar voltage of the real-time regulated of pfc circuit output is regulated, and carry out dc voltage conversion, the PFC busbar voltage of the real-time regulated of input is transformed to the needed voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation of respective load;
Pwm control circuit; Be used for voltage and the required operating voltage of load according to the output of output voltage filter circuit; Generate the control signal of regulating pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit simultaneously, control pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit respectively the voltage of input is regulated.
Said pfc circuit comprises: first diode～the 7th diode, first inductance, first resistance, first electric capacity and a MOS switching tube, wherein,
First diode～the 4th diode is formed rectification circuit, is used for the alternating voltage of input is carried out rectification;
The 5th diode～the 7th diode, first inductance, first resistance, first electric capacity and a MOS switching tube are used for that the alternating voltage after the rectification is carried out power factor and regulate; Simultaneously, the grid of a MOS switching tube receives the control signal of pwm control circuit output, regulates the duty ratio of self, the alternating voltage after the rectification is adjusted the PFC busbar voltage of output preset value.
Said DC/DC translation circuit comprises: phase-shifted full-bridge converter, PWM control full-bridge converter, symmetrical half bridge converter, half-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, cascade full-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, full-bridge three-level DC/DC converter or buck/boost converter.
Said phase-shifted full-bridge converter comprises: leading-bridge, lagging leg, primary coil and primary side dc voltage output circuit, wherein,
Leading-bridge; First end links to each other with the positive pole of the PFC busbar voltage of said pfc circuit output and first end of lagging leg respectively; Second end links to each other with the negative pole of said PFC busbar voltage and second end of lagging leg respectively; The 3rd end links to each other with primary coil one end, and the 4th termination is received the leading-bridge control signal from pwm control circuit;
Lagging leg, the 3rd end links to each other with the primary coil other end, and the 4th termination is received the lagging leg control signal from pwm control circuit;
The predefined phase place of the leading said lagging leg control signal of said leading-bridge control signal;
The primary side dc voltage output circuit is used for exporting the direct voltage of primary coil conversion to the output voltage filter circuit.
Said leading-bridge comprises: the 2nd MOS switching tube and the 3rd MOS switching tube,
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 2nd MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the 8th diode and second electric capacity; First utmost point links to each other with the positive pole of said PFC busbar voltage and first end of lagging leg respectively; Second utmost point links to each other with first utmost point and primary coil one end of said the 3rd MOS switching tube respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 2nd MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit;
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 3rd MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the tenth diode and the 3rd electric capacity; Second utmost point links to each other with the negative pole of said PFC busbar voltage and second end of lagging leg respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 3rd MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit;
Said the 2nd MOS switch controlled signal and said the 3rd MOS switch controlled signal are complementary.
Said lagging leg comprises: the 4th MOS switching tube and the 5th MOS switching tube,
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 4th MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the 11 diode and the 4th electric capacity; First utmost point extremely links to each other with anodal and the 2nd MOS switching tube first of said PFC busbar voltage respectively; Second utmost point links to each other with first utmost point and the primary coil other end of the 5th MOS switching tube respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 4th MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 5th MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the 12 diode and the 5th electric capacity; Second utmost point extremely links to each other with the negative pole and the 3rd MOS switching tube second of said PFC busbar voltage respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 5th MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit
Said the 4th MOS switch controlled signal and said the 5th MOS switch controlled signal are complementary.
Said pwm control circuit comprises PFC control circuit and DC/DC control circuit, and wherein, said PFC control circuit is a special chip, receives the output of output voltage filter circuit, and pfc circuit is controlled;
Said DC/DC control circuit is the Digital Control circuit, receives the output of output voltage filter circuit, one tunnel output control DC/DC translation circuit, and another road output is as the given signal of PFC control circuit.
Further comprise PFC control circuit and DC/DC control circuit, wherein, said PFC control circuit is a special chip, receives one tunnel output of pwm control circuit, and pfc circuit is controlled;
Said DC/DC control circuit is the Digital Control circuit, receives another road output of pwm control circuit, control DC/DC translation circuit.
Further comprise resonant inductance, said leading-bridge the 3rd end links to each other with primary coil one end through said resonant inductance.
Visible by above-mentioned technical scheme; AC/DC converter provided by the invention through confirming that the required operating voltage of load is lower than predefined value, carries out rectifying and wave-filtering to the alternating voltage of importing; Alternating voltage power factor behind the correction rectifying and wave-filtering; Form power factor correction PFC busbar voltage, regulate simultaneously in PFC busbar voltage and the DC/DC translation circuit, the PFC busbar voltage is carried out the duty ratio of the complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) MOS switching tube of DC/DC conversion and regulate; Voltage to the output of DC/DC translation circuit carries out rectifying and wave-filtering, exports to load.Make the output dc voltage adjustment realize through pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit two-stage; At first suitably reduce the PFC busbar voltage of pfc circuit output; Thereby make when loaded work piece voltage is low; MOS switching tube in the DC/DC translation circuit can be operated on the higher duty ratio of efficient, in the required direct-current working volts of proof load, improved the efficient of AC/DC converter when output LOW voltage, reduced loss.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing AC/DC converter;
Fig. 2 is existing a kind of common pfc circuit structural representation;
Fig. 3 is existing phase-shifted full-bridge converter electrical block diagram;
Fig. 4 controls the method flow sketch map of AC/DC conversion for the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an AC/DC transformer configuration sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is another structural representation of AC/DC converter of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is AC/DC converter the 3rd structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is an AC/DC converter particular circuit configurations sketch map of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, will combine accompanying drawing and specific embodiment that the present invention is done to describe in detail further below.
AC/DC converter provided by the invention; Method through PFC busbar voltage and MOS switching tube duty cycle adjustment to input combine when the required direct voltage of load is low, reduces the PFC busbar voltage of input; Thereby the duty ratio of MOS switching tube is suitably improved; Like this, both guaranteed the direct-current working volts that load is required, and also improved the AC/DC transducer effciency, reduced loss.
In theory; Phase shifting angle (duty ratio) through regulating control signal is regulated MOS switching tube make-and-break time; When duty ratio reaches theoretic 0.5 the time, the power loss and the efficient of converter reach optimum value, in the practical application; Because select to have some errors aspect first-class in the transformer turn ratio that satisfies converter design, actual duty ratio is all below 0.5.In the embodiment of the invention,, improve the duty ratio of MOS switching tube work, thereby improve transducer effciency, reduction transducer loose through the PFC busbar voltage of input is regulated.
Fig. 4 controls the method flow sketch map of AC/DC conversion for the present invention, and referring to Fig. 4, this flow process comprises:
Step 401 is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering to the alternating voltage of importing;
In this step, the alternating voltage of input is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering, for example, rectifying and wave-filterings such as full-bridge, π type, the harmonic wave that comprises with the filtering alternating voltage and the harmonic wave through the electrical network transmission.
In this step, the alternating voltage behind the rectifying and wave-filtering is carried out PFC handle, in order to improve the power factor of converter; Satisfy of the specification requirement of international relevant technologies standard, reduce harmonic pollution, thereby also improve transducer effciency electrical network about harmonic wave; Then, the PFC busbar voltage that forms is carried out the two-stage decompression transformation, promptly when the required operating voltage of load is lower than predefined value; At first reduce the PFC busbar voltage according to the required operating voltage of load; Next again in the DC/DC conversion, regulate the duty ratio of MOS switching tube, will pass through the operating voltage of the voltage-regulation of DC/DC conversion output to load.
In the practical application; Reduce the PFC busbar voltage and can adopt the duty that changes MOS switching tube in the circuit recently to realize, the PWM controller is according to the loaded work piece voltage of input, if when confirming to carry out the two-stage voltage-regulation; For example; If loaded work piece voltage is reduced to below the preset value, show that the duty ratio (this dutyfactor value is little) through MOS switching tube in the independent adjusting DC/DC translation circuit will cause bigger power loss and lower efficient, then according to loaded work piece voltage; Confirm the duty ratio of MOS switching tube in the two-stage voltage-regulation according to predefined strategy; Regulate through two-stage, make the duty ratio of circuit synthesis increase, the too small power consumption that causes of duty ratio increases and the efficient reduction when avoiding carrying out the one-level voltage-regulation.
For instance; For communication power supply; Since to EMC and power factor specification require increasingly highly, and the single-phase output voltage range of AC/DC converter is generally 90VDC～264VDC, the DC/DC converter is used for the requirement of realization gamut output voltage in full input voltage range.In the present embodiment,, can the PFC busbar voltage be stabilized in 420VDC according to engineering experience; Requiring output voltage is low-voltage, for example, and 48VDC; And the power supply module for communication minimum output voltage is under the situation of 42VDC; According to the consideration of the factors such as power curve of input voltage range, output voltage range, transformer turn ratio, translation circuit, can in first order conversion, the PFC busbar voltage be reduced to 380VDC.Like this; Avoid simple dependence to increase the duty ratio that the phase shifting angle between the MOS switch controlled signal causes in the DC/DC converter and reduced, made converter primary current effective value increase, thereby caused loss to increase; Transducer effciency reduces; PFC busbar voltage through importing the DC/DC converter edges down, thereby can reduce the phase shifting angle between the control signal, improves the duty ratio of converter; Make the primary current effective value reduce, when output LOW voltage, still can keep higher efficient and lower loss.
In the practical application, can come to regulate simultaneously the duty ratio of PFC busbar voltage and MOS switching tube, make converter MOS switching tube duty ratio improve transducer effciency near being operated in maximum duty cycle as far as possible through output voltage or output current.Regulate the PFC busbar voltage and comprise the value of feedback of regulating PFC bus reference voltage and regulating the PFC busbar voltage, can regulate the PFC busbar voltage simultaneously through numeral, simulation and digital simulation.About the scope of preferable efficient point that the PFC busbar voltage is regulated, relevant with the actual techniques index request, need repeatedly the test back to confirm.For example; If wider range of preferable efficient point will cause PFC busbar voltage wide ranges, like this; If the PFC busbar voltage is low excessively; Possibly cause input voltage high during to certain value the voltage after the rectifies be higher than the PFC bus voltage value, make that the voltage after the rectifier bridge rectification is directly given the charging of PFC bus capacitor, cause the power factor deterioration of translation circuit.
In the present embodiment,, can also regulate the operating frequency of MOS switching tube in order further to reduce the loss power of MOS switching tube; For example, regulate MOS switching tube operating frequency, MOS switching tube duty ratio and PFC busbar voltage simultaneously, make MOS switching tube operating frequency be operated in the most effective frequency range through output voltage or output current; MOS switching tube operating frequency is stabilized near the transducer effciency peak; Widen the scope of transducer effciency peak with this, make converter MOS switching tube duty ratio be operated in as far as possible near the maximum duty cycle simultaneously, to improve transducer effciency; Reduce transducer loose, optimize the thermal design of converter.
So far, this flow process finishes.
Fig. 5 is an AC/DC transformer configuration sketch map of the present invention, and referring to Fig. 5, this AC/DC converter comprises: input voltage EMI filter circuit, pfc circuit, DC/DC translation circuit, pwm control circuit and output voltage filter circuit, wherein,
Input voltage EMI filter circuit is used for the alternating voltage of input is carried out rectifying and wave-filtering, harmonic wave that comprises with the filtering alternating voltage and the harmonic wave through the electrical network transmission, and export pfc circuit to;
Pfc circuit is used for the voltage of input voltage EMI filter circuit output is carried out power factor correction, forms the PFC busbar voltage, and the control signal according to pwm control circuit output is adjusted to preset value with the PFC busbar voltage;
Preset value can be confirmed according to the efficient of engineering experience and AC/DC converter, power consumption requirement etc.For example, for the high working voltage that higher load requires, preset value can be 420VDC, and for the low-work voltage that requires than underload, preset value can be 380VDC.
The DC/DC translation circuit; Be used for PFC busbar voltage to pfc circuit output; Control signal according to pwm control circuit output; Break-make through MOS switching tube in the circuit is regulated once more, and carries out dc voltage conversion, and the PFC busbar voltage of importing is transformed to the needed voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation of respective load;
The output voltage filter circuit is used for the voltage of DC/DC translation circuit output is carried out filtering, with the stability of the needed voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation of load of further raising output;
Pwm control circuit is used for the voltage according to the output of output voltage filter circuit, generates control signal, controls pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit respectively the voltage of input is regulated.
Fig. 6 is another structural representation of AC/DC converter of the present invention, and referring to Fig. 6, different with Fig. 5 is; Pwm control circuit among Fig. 5 is PFC control circuit and DC/DC control circuit in Fig. 6, and wherein, the PFC control circuit adopts special chip; Receive the output of output voltage filter circuit, the FPC circuit is controlled, the DC/DC control circuit adopts the Digital Control circuit; Receive the output of output voltage filter circuit, control DC/DC translation circuit and PFC control circuit utilize the dicyclo control technology; One tunnel output is control DC/DC translation circuit directly, and another road is as the given signal of PFC control circuit.
Fig. 7 is AC/DC converter the 3rd structural representation of the present invention, and referring to Fig. 7, different with Fig. 5 is; Also comprise PFC control circuit and DC/DC control circuit; Wherein, the PFC control circuit links to each other with pwm control circuit with pfc circuit respectively, adopts special chip; The output of reception pwm control circuit is controlled the FPC circuit; The DC/DC control circuit links to each other with pwm control circuit with the DC/DC translation circuit respectively, adopts Digital Control circuit control DC/DC translation circuit; Pwm control circuit utilizes the dicyclo control technology, and one tunnel output is as the given signal of DC/DC control circuit, and another road output is as the given signal of PFC control circuit.
Fig. 8 is an AC/DC converter particular circuit configurations sketch map of the present invention; Referring to Fig. 8; This AC/DC converter comprises: pfc circuit, DC/DC translation circuit leading-bridge, lagging leg, primary coil, primary side dc voltage output circuit and output voltage filter circuit, wherein, pfc circuit and pfc circuit structure similar shown in Figure 2; DC/DC translation circuit leading-bridge, lagging leg, primary coil, primary side dc voltage output circuit and output voltage filter circuit and phase-shifted full-bridge converter circuit structure shown in Figure 3 are similar; Repeat no more at this, different is, in the AC/DC converter particular circuit configurations shown in Figure 8; The control signal of the MOS switch controlled utmost point; The control signal that generates according to output voltage filter circuit output voltage from pwm control circuit respectively is in order to regulate PFC busbar voltage and MOS switching tube duty ratio, to improve transducer effciency, to reduce power consumption.
Visible by the foregoing description; The AC/DC converter of the embodiment of the invention carries out rectifying and wave-filtering through the alternating voltage to input, the alternating voltage power factor behind the correction rectifying and wave-filtering; Form the PFC busbar voltage; Regulate the PFC busbar voltage simultaneously and regulate the duty ratio of the PFC busbar voltage being carried out the MOS switching tube of DC/DC conversion according to the required operating voltage of load, the voltage to DC/DC conversion output carries out rectifying and wave-filtering then, exports to load.Output dc voltage adjustment and load response are realized through pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit; Regulate the duty ratio of MOS switching tube in the pfc circuit, suitably reduce the PFC busbar voltage of pfc circuit output, thereby make when loaded work piece voltage is low; MOS switching tube in the DC/DC translation circuit can be operated on the higher duty ratio of efficient; In the required direct-current working volts of proof load, improve the efficient of AC/DC converter when output LOW voltage, can satisfy the requirement of input power factor index again, reduce the wastage; Help the optimization of translation circuit power consumption and efficient design, have stronger engineering practical value.
More than lift preferred embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention; Not in order to restriction the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. AC/DC converter; Comprise input voltage electromagnetic interference EMI filter circuit, output voltage filter circuit, it is characterized in that this AC/DC converter also comprises: power factor correction pfc circuit, DC/DC translation circuit and pulse-width modulation PWM control circuit; Wherein
Pfc circuit is used for the voltage of input voltage EMI filter circuit output is carried out power factor correction, and output PFC busbar voltage is according to the control signal of pwm control circuit output, real-time regulated PFC busbar voltage;
The DC/DC translation circuit; Be used for control signal according to pwm control circuit output; The duty ratio of complementary metal oxide semiconductor switch pipe in the regulating circuit; Once more the PFC busbar voltage of the real-time regulated of pfc circuit output is regulated, and carry out dc voltage conversion, the PFC busbar voltage of the real-time regulated of input is transformed to the needed voltage of direct-flow voltage regulation of respective load;
Pwm control circuit; Be used for voltage and the required operating voltage of load according to the output of output voltage filter circuit; Generate the control signal of regulating pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit simultaneously, control pfc circuit and DC/DC translation circuit respectively the voltage of input is regulated.
2. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said pfc circuit comprises: first diode～the 7th diode, first inductance, first resistance, first electric capacity and a MOS switching tube, wherein,
First diode～the 4th diode is formed rectification circuit, is used for the alternating voltage of input is carried out rectification;
The 5th diode～the 7th diode, first inductance, first resistance, first electric capacity and a MOS switching tube are used for that the alternating voltage after the rectification is carried out power factor and regulate; Simultaneously, the grid of a MOS switching tube receives the control signal of pwm control circuit output, regulates the duty ratio of self, the alternating voltage after the rectification is adjusted the PFC busbar voltage of output real-time regulated.
3. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said DC/DC translation circuit comprises: phase-shifted full-bridge converter, PWM control full-bridge converter, symmetrical half bridge converter, half-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, cascade full-bridge three-level DC/DC converter, full-bridge three-level DC/DC converter or buck/boost converter.
4. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said phase-shifted full-bridge converter comprises: leading-bridge, lagging leg, primary coil and primary side dc voltage output circuit, wherein,
Leading-bridge; First end links to each other with the positive pole of the PFC busbar voltage of said pfc circuit output and first end of lagging leg respectively; Second end links to each other with the negative pole of said PFC busbar voltage and second end of lagging leg respectively; The 3rd end links to each other with primary coil one end, and the 4th termination is received the leading-bridge control signal from pwm control circuit;
Lagging leg, the 3rd end links to each other with the primary coil other end, and the 4th termination is received the lagging leg control signal from pwm control circuit;
The predefined phase place of the leading said lagging leg control signal of said leading-bridge control signal;
The primary side dc voltage output circuit is used for exporting the direct voltage of primary coil conversion to the output voltage filter circuit.
5. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, said leading-bridge comprises: the 2nd MOS switching tube and the 3rd MOS switching tube,
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 2nd MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the 8th diode and second electric capacity; First utmost point links to each other with the positive pole of said PFC busbar voltage and first end of lagging leg respectively; Second utmost point links to each other with first utmost point and primary coil one end of said the 3rd MOS switching tube respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 2nd MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit;
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 3rd MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the tenth diode and the 3rd electric capacity; Second utmost point links to each other with the negative pole of said PFC busbar voltage and second end of lagging leg respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 3rd MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit;
Said the 2nd MOS switch controlled signal and said the 3rd MOS switch controlled signal are complementary.
6. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, said lagging leg comprises: the 4th MOS switching tube and the 5th MOS switching tube,
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 4th MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the 11 diode and the 4th electric capacity; First utmost point extremely links to each other with anodal and the 2nd MOS switching tube first of said PFC busbar voltage respectively; Second utmost point links to each other with first utmost point and the primary coil other end of the 5th MOS switching tube respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 4th MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit
Between first utmost point and second utmost point of said the 5th MOS switching tube; Be parallel with the 12 diode and the 5th electric capacity; Second utmost point extremely links to each other with the negative pole and the 3rd MOS switching tube second of said PFC busbar voltage respectively, and the control utmost point receives the 5th MOS switch controlled signal from pwm control circuit
Said the 4th MOS switch controlled signal and said the 5th MOS switch controlled signal are complementary.
7. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said pwm control circuit comprises PFC control circuit and DC/DC control circuit; Wherein, Said PFC control circuit is a special chip, receives the output of output voltage filter circuit, and pfc circuit is controlled;
Said DC/DC control circuit is the Digital Control circuit, receives the output of output voltage filter circuit, one tunnel output control DC/DC translation circuit, and another road output is as the given signal of PFC control circuit.
8. AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises PFC control circuit and DC/DC control circuit, and wherein, said PFC control circuit is a special chip, receives one tunnel output of pwm control circuit, and pfc circuit is controlled;
Said DC/DC control circuit is the Digital Control circuit, receives another road output of pwm control circuit, control DC/DC translation circuit.
9. like each described AC/DC converter of claim 4 to 8, it is characterized in that, further comprise resonant inductance, said leading-bridge the 3rd end links to each other with primary coil one end through said resonant inductance.
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| CN2009100762771A CN101465598B (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2009-01-08 | AC/DC converter |
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| CN2009100762771A CN101465598B (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2009-01-08 | AC/DC converter |
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