CN100379113C - Integrated method for realizing parallel operation power generation and power network reactive power compensation simultaneously - Google Patents
Integrated method for realizing parallel operation power generation and power network reactive power compensation simultaneously Download PDFInfo
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- CN100379113C CN100379113C CNB031509088A CN03150908A CN100379113C CN 100379113 C CN100379113 C CN 100379113C CN B031509088 A CNB031509088 A CN B031509088A CN 03150908 A CN03150908 A CN 03150908A CN 100379113 C CN100379113 C CN 100379113C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
Abstract
The present invention relates to an integrated method for realizing parallel network power generation and power network reactive power compensation simultaneously, which belongs to the technical field of solar power generation and power electrons. The present invention adopts park transformation to transform the current output from a three-phase inverter onto rotary dp coordinates, so the active current and reactive current are separated; the quantities and the directions of the active current and the reactive current are respectively controlled to transform the direct current of a photovoltaic cell into alternating current, and reactive power compensation is simultaneously carried out for local networks. When the photovoltaic cell has enough energy to output, photovoltaic parallel network power generation and reactive compensation are realized at the same time. When the photovoltaic cell stops outputting, the inverter singly carries out reactive compensation for networks. The present invention can transform and transmit direct current output from photovoltaic arrays onto three-phase 380 V alternating current networks through the inverter, and can realize a certain amount of reactive compensation for other reactive loads on local networks, so that the power quality of networks is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of integral method that realization is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and power system reactive power compensates simultaneously, specifically is a kind of integral method that can realize simultaneously that photovoltaic cell generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and power system reactive power compensates.Belong to solar power generation and electric and electronic technical field.
Background technology
The application of photogenic voltage at present is mainly aspect three: direct current supply, independent inversion Alternating Current Power Supply and the power supply of being incorporated into the power networks.Consider that present most of power consumption equipment all is an Alternating Current Power Supply, therefore the direct current with photovoltaic array output is transformed into the research emphasis that alternating current has become this field.At small-power photovoltaic system independently, inverter has been realized the power supply of PV array to alternating current equipment as current converter, thereby makes the photovoltaic cell value increase, and easy to use.Along with the raising of photovoltaic cell quality, power takes place for it and conversion efficiency also improves greatly, and this just provides for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems on a large scale may.The key of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is the energy that the PV array produces become to greatest extent and delivers on the electrical network, and relevant method is being reported in many papers.But there is a great shortcoming in parallel network power generation, promptly when intensity at sunshine during very low or night, in fact photovoltaic cell has lost fan-out capability, and at this moment whole system just must be removed from electrical network, when the photovoltaic cell fan-out capability such as having only to reach certain value, system is arranged side by side with electrical network again.So, not only complete equipment is in idle state when system closing, and frequent causes system's control difficulty with the off-the-line action side by side, equipment component loss increase and shortening useful life.
Find by literature search, Multi-function photovoltaic power supply system withgrid-connection and power factor correction features.Source:PESC Record-IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, v 3,2000, p1185-1190 (" multifunctional photovoltaic parallel electricity generation system " with power factor correction feature, IEEE power electronics special topic annual meeting collection of thesis in 2000), people such as T.-F.Wu propose a kind of method that parallel network power generation is combined with the three phase rectifier technology, promptly in the load of inverter direct-flow side parallel connection direct, when photovoltaic cell capable of generating power, system works is at inverter mode, and the DC side load separates with system by relay; When photovoltaic cell stops to export, additional relay adhesive, inverter is powered to DC load as rectifier, and this method has improved the utilance of system to a certain extent.But this grid-connected system has reduced the whole system application flexibility undoubtedly in the load of inverter direct-flow side parallel connection direct.And this method will switch by a large amount of relays between two kinds of functions, makes the control of whole system become complicated, and reliability reduces.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiency in the above-mentioned background technology, a kind of integral method that realization is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and power system reactive power compensates simultaneously is provided, it can be become the direct current of photovoltaic array output delivers on the three-phase 380V AC network by inverter, simultaneously can also realize a certain amount of reactive power compensation, improve the electrical network quality of power supply other reactive load on the local power grid.The present invention when photovoltaic cell capable of generating power, can be used to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and electric network reactive compensation under the prerequisite that does not increase hardware device simultaneously; When photovoltaic cell does not generate electricity (as night), still can carry out the reactive power compensation of electrical network, thereby solve the low problem of conventional photovoltaic grid-connected system utilance, and reach that system configuration is simple and reliable, conversion efficiency is high and use effect flexibly.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention is based on instantaneous reactive power theory, utilizes the park conversion that the three-phase inverter output current is transformed on the rotation dq coordinate, thereby realize separating active current and reactive current.Control the size and Orientation of active current and reactive current respectively and promptly realize the direct current of photovoltaic cell is transformed into alternating current, simultaneously local power grid is carried out reactive power compensation.When photovoltaic cell had enough energy to export, parallel network power generation and reactive power compensation realized simultaneously.When photovoltaic cell stopped output (power output is lower than a certain value), inverter carried out reactive power compensation to electrical network separately, and no-power compensation function is not subjected to the influence of photovoltaic fan-out capability.Because system all the time and keep operating state on electrical network, photovoltaic cell output energy can become at any time to be seen off, and this has just saved moving with off-the-line side by side of repeating, and has improved the reliability of photovoltaic system work.
The realization of the inventive method specifically comprises the generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of photovoltaic cell, reactive power compensation, 3 parts such as synchronous realization with reactive power compensation of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, wherein photovoltaic cell generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and the synchronous realization of reactive power compensation is a core technology of the present invention.Below the each several part of the inventive method is elaborated:
1, photovoltaic cell generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems
Utilize voltage transformer real-time sampling three phase network phase voltage, obtain the frequency and the phase place of line voltage, as frequency and phase reference inverter current control by transform vector.Inverter adopts full-bridge sinusoidal pulse width modulation technology (SPWM), and inverter current is carried out Instantaneous Control.All mathematic(al) manipulations and control algolithm realize by digitial controller programming, digitial controller be input as voltage and current sampled value or reference value, it is output as six road pwm pulse ripples of control inverter work.
Stable for the voltage of keeping DC side, this method has been introduced the closed-loop control to dc voltage, and the error that is about to dc voltage and reference voltage is through exporting the reference value of active current as inverter behind the pi regulator.This control method can guarantee when photovoltaic cell has enough energy to export, inverter can become this part energy to greatest extent to be delivered on the electrical network, because when dc voltage remains unchanged, the electric current that flows through dc bus capacitor is just very little, and all electric currents from photovoltaic cell output all are transported on the electrical network by inverter.Simultaneously, when photovoltaic cell stopped power output, by the closed-loop control of dc voltage, inverter absorbed a part of active current from electrical network, and it is constant in to satisfy the needs of back reactive power compensation to keep dc voltage.The present invention is for the characteristics of DC voltage control: more different with traditional error ratio, the dc voltage reference value is as the negative terminal input of error comparator in this method, and its anode input then is the dc voltage feedback signal.When dc voltage was higher than reference voltage, error signal was for just, and inverter output active current reference value forward increases, and promptly provides function to electrical network; Otherwise when dc voltage was lower than reference voltage, the bypass diode of inverter switching device pipe was formed a rectifier bridge, and it is constant to keep dc voltage to be absorbed with function from electrical network.Because dc bus capacitor itself does not consume meritorious energy, this part energy just is used for compensating the loss of inverter switching device pipe, so the active current that absorbs from electrical network is very little.This strategy has rationally utilized the transmission direction of energy, and control degrees of freedom is big and implement simple and reliable.
Because said herein generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is meant mainly and changes solar energy into meritorious energy and be transported on the electrical network that its essence is exactly the control to the inverter active current.And the electric current of inverter output be real component and idle component vector and, realize control separately to active current, just must realize the decoupling zero of real component and idle component.People such as H.Akagi have proposed the instantaneous reactive power theory under α β 0 coordinate system, though this theoretical purpose is for the notion of instantaneous reactive power being described, having realized separating of active current and reactive current just through the current component after the coordinate transform.The present invention just is being based on a kind of like this method, respectively active current and reactive current is controlled, and has realized the active power output and the electric network reactive compensation dual-use function of inverter.Consider that real component and idle component obtain simultaneously by the park conversion, concrete detection and control method provide in the literal of back in the lump.
2, reactive power compensation
The three-phase inversion bridge circuit is connected in parallel on the electrical network by reactor, suitably regulate bridge circuit AC side output voltage amplitude, form certain voltage drop at the reactor two ends, make this circuit absorption or send the reactive current that meets the demands, realize the purpose of dynamic passive compensation.Its essence is and utilize inverter output voltage and the pressure reduction of line voltage on the inverter out put reactor to form required reactive power compensation electric current, by the control inverter output voltage amplitude, i.e. the character of its absorbing reactive power of may command and size.This method adopts following-up type PWM control technology, and the instantaneous value of inverter output current wave is carried out FEEDBACK CONTROL, and its response speed and control precision all improve a lot than the amplitude of control inverter voltage fundamental and the indirect control method of phase place.
With abc three-phase system voltage, current conversion is vector on α β 0 coordinate system, the dot product of voltage, current phasor is defined as instantaneous active power, the cross product of voltage, current phasor is defined as instantaneous reactive power, and obtains instantaneous reactive power and instantaneous reactive current thus.If the instantaneous value of each phase voltage of three-phase circuit and electric current is respectively e
a, e
b, e
cAnd i
a, i
b, i
c, by the park conversion, they can be transformed on the dq coordinate system of rotation, its transformation relation can be represented by the formula:
i
dq0＝Ci
abc，i
abc＝C
-1i
dq0
Wherein, i
Dq0=[i
d, i
q, i
0]
T, i
Abc=[i
a, i
b, i
c]
T, C is the park transformation matrix, promptly
Because C is an orthogonal matrix, and C is arranged
-1=C
TSo,
Herein, ω is the frequency of line voltage.The rotary speed of getting the dq coordinate is consistent with ω, according to the instantaneous reactive theory, and the i of this moment
d, i
qBe instantaneous active current and instantaneous reactive current under the rotating coordinate system.
3, generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems synchronous realization with reactive power compensation
The present invention realizes separating of active current and reactive current by the dq conversion, and the error of utilizing DC side to detect voltage and DC side reference voltage is regulated the reference value of back as the active current component through PI; By detecting the idle component of local power grid load current,, promptly realize the Synchronization Control of parallel network power generation and reactive power compensation simultaneously with its reference value as inverter compensating reactive power electric current.By voltage swing on the control inverter output inductor and direction, promptly control the direction of inductive current, this method both can compensate perception idlely also can compensate capacitive reactive power.When inverter output voltage is higher than line voltage, the reactive power of inverter output perception; When inverter output voltage is lower than line voltage, the reactive power of inverter output capacitive.And when inverter when electrical network sends active power, the leading electric network voltage phase of inverter output voltage phase place; When inverter when electrical network absorbs active power, inverter output voltage phase lag electric network voltage phase.Need to prove, under the less situation of load reactive power demand (as 1KVar), its reactive current component can be directly as the reactive current reference value of inverter output.If the reactive requirement of actual loading is bigger, and the compensation capacity of inverter is limited, then can consider the scaled reactive current reference value that is re-used as inverter of detected reactive current component, remaining part will be provided by other compensation arrangements of electrical network.In addition, can also not detect the reactive current of load, and according to the direct given reference value of the capacity of self, and remaining part is still provided by other compensation arrangements of electrical network.So not only reduce test point quantity, and can give no thought to the working condition of load, made the operation and maintenance of system all become convenient.The variable that inversion system need detect comprises: dc voltage U
Dc, line voltage u
Abc, inverter current i
AbcWith load current i
LabcAnd the generation of phase-locked loop control, signal errors comparison, PI adjusting, park conversion and inverse transformation and PWM realizes that by the digital signal processor programming output of PWM can directly drive inverter switching device.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, the direct current of photovoltaic array output can be become by inverter and deliver on the three-phase 380V AC network, simultaneously can also realize a certain amount of reactive power compensation, improve the electrical network quality of power supply other reactive load on the local power grid.Analysis result shows that this method makes the output of inverter active current follow the output of photovoltaic cell, and when photovoltaic cell was in maximum power output, the active current of inverter was also exported maximum; When the photovoltaic cell fan-out capability reduced even disappear, the output of the active current of inverter diminished gradually and certain negative value occurs, and it is constant to keep dc voltage that on behalf of inverter, this negative value be absorbed with function from electrical network.The reactive current component then is not subjected to the influence of photovoltaic fan-out capability, and in the capacity allowed band, the reactive current component is followed the idle component of load current all the time.
In addition, in order to improve the efficient of parallel network power generation, the present invention has adopted the MPPT maximum power point tracking technology based on the admittance method of addition, makes the power output maximum of photovoltaic cell.Promptly between photovoltaic cell output and inverter, increase the BOOST translation circuit, detect photovoltaic cell output voltage and current value in real time, judge photovoltaic cell work at present state according to the sampled value in these two sampled values and last cycle.If the maximum power point of photovoltaic cell output is departed from the working point, then change BOOST contactor duty ratio, make that the photovoltaic cell working point is close to maximum power point, up to finally being stabilized in the maximum power point operation.This measure can improve the conversion efficiency from solar energy to the electrical network electric energy greatly.
Embodiment
Content in conjunction with the inventive method provides following examples:
Set up a grid-connected photovoltaic system, this system partly is made of photovoltaic array, BOOST translation circuit, three-phase full-bridge inverter, voltage and current detecting device and digitial controller etc. successively.The photovoltaic cell short circuit current is 3.4A, open circuit voltage 360V, Maximum Power Output 1.2KW; Photovoltaic cell output voltage and current sample cycle are 2ms, and the MPPT algorithm realizes that be 0.2ms the sweep time of module, and the duty cycle reference voltage increment is 0.01V, BOOST switching frequency 40KHz, inverter direct-flow side voltage 800V; The electrical network load is an inductive load, and its absorbing reactive power is set at 1 KVar; The inverter output capacity is 5KVA, carrier frequency 20KHz.
Concrete implementation step is as follows: 1) detect photovoltaic cell output voltage u
PVAnd current i
PV, sampled value is input to digital signal processor, and program is handled sampled data according to the MPPT algorithm, calculates the BOOST circuit duty cycle reference value in next sampling period; 2) detection of grid voltage u
Abc, obtain required reference frequency of dq conversion and phase value through transform vector; 3) detect inverter current and detect i
Abc, do the real component and the idle component that obtain current inverter current after the park conversion respectively; 4) detect dc voltage U
Dc, and and reference voltage U
Dc *Compare, its error is regulated the reference value of back as the inverter active current through internal digital PI; 5) detection of grid flows into the electric current electrical network i of load
Labc, after the dq conversion as the reference value of inverter reactive current; 6) inverter active current and reactive current reference value and current actual value compare respectively, and its error is regulated the back as the input value as the dq inverse transformation through PI; 7) output of dq inverse transformation also is modulating wave as the input of SPWM generator, finally forms the output of six road pwm pulse ripples as digital signal processor; 8) six road pwm pulse wavelength-divisions do not control three-phase inverter six switching tubes conducting with end, to regulate the output current of inverter.
In the present embodiment, when the photovoltaic cell Maximum Power Output, BOOST contactor duty ratio is about 75%.Substantially maintain near the maximum power point (1.2KW) after photovoltaic cell output is stable, downwards the about 30W of fluctuation.At this moment, the about 2.1A of inverter output current real component, the about 2.5A of idle component, the idle component on the electrical network approaches zero, and the reactive power compensation effect of system is obvious.When sunshine, strength reduction caused the photovoltaic cell power output to be zero, inverter output current real component was about-0.6A, and the reactive power compensation effect is constant.
Claims (4)
1. realize simultaneously generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and the integral method of power system reactive power compensation for one kind, it is characterized in that, adopt the park conversion that three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter output current is transformed on the rotation dq coordinate, realization separates active current and reactive current, regulate the size and Orientation of controlling active current and reactive current respectively by PI, realize generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of photovoltaic cell, simultaneously local power grid is carried out reactive power compensation, when photovoltaic cell stops to export, the three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter carries out reactive power compensation to electrical network separately, when photovoltaic cell had enough energy to export, parallel network power generation and reactive power compensation realized simultaneously.
2. the integral method that realization is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and power system reactive power compensates simultaneously according to claim 1 is characterized in that, generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems of described photovoltaic cell is specific as follows:
With voltage transformer real-time sampling three phase network phase voltage, obtain the frequency and the phase place of line voltage by transform vector, as frequency and phase reference to three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Current Control, the three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter adopts full-bridge sinusoidal pulse width modulation technology, with regulate through PI and the inverter current waveform of dp inverse transformation as modulating wave, inverter current is carried out Instantaneous Control, mathematic(al) manipulation and control algolithm are realized by the digitial controller programming, digitial controller be input as voltage and current sampled value or reference value, it is output as six road pwm pulse ripples of control three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter work.
3. the integral method that realization is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and power system reactive power compensates simultaneously according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reactive power compensation is specific as follows:
The three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is connected in parallel on the electrical network by reactor, regulate inverter AC side output voltage amplitude, control the character and the size of its absorbing reactive power, the current signal that forms with the dc voltage closed-loop control is as three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter output current reference value, adopt following-up type PWM control method, the instantaneous meritorious and idle value of three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter output current wave is carried out FEEDBACK CONTROL.
4. according to claim 1ly realize simultaneously generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and the integral method of power system reactive power compensation, it is characterized in that, described synchronous realization of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems with reactive power compensation, specific as follows:
The error of utilizing DC side to detect voltage and DC side reference voltage is regulated the reference value of back as the active current component through PI, simultaneously by detecting the idle component of local power grid load current, with its reference value as three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter compensating reactive power electric current, regulate and the dq inverse transformation will be gained merit and the output voltage of reactive current coupling adjusting three-phase grid photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter by PI, promptly realize the Synchronization Control of parallel network power generation and reactive power compensation.
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